Codex Porphyrianus
Encyclopedia
Codex Porphyrianus designated by Papr or 025 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 3 (von Soden), is a Greek uncial
manuscript
of the Acts of Apostles, Pauline epistles
, and General epistles
, with some lacunae
, dated paleographically to the 9th century. It is one of a few uncial manuscripts that include the Book of Revelation
.
It was discovered and edited by Tischendorf. The manuscript is lacunose.
, the upper text is the codex 1834, dated to 1301. It contains the commentary of Euthalius
on the Acts and the Pauline epistles together with the biblical text. It has breathings, accents, and apostroph. The accents are often used wrongly. It has "Martyrdum of Peter and Paul" (between Pauline epistles and Book of Revelation).
It has errors of itacism
. The letters αι and ε, η, ει and ι, ο and ω, and sometimes οι and υ are confused.
Ending of the Epistle to the Romans
has the order of verses: 16:23; 16:25-27; 16:24 (as in codices 33
104
256
263
365
436
459
1319 1573 1852 arm).
At the end of the Second Epistle to Timothy
it has subscription Τιμοθεον Β' απο Ρωμης, the same subscription have manuscripts 6
, 1739
, 1881.
Lacunae
Acts 1:1-2:13; Romans 2:16-3:4; 8:32-9:10; 11:23-12:1; 1 Cor. 7:15-17; 12:23-13:5; 14:23-39; 2 Cor. 2:13-16; Col. 3:16-4:8; 1 Thes. 3:5-4:17; 1 John 3:20-5:1; Jude 4-15; Rev. 16:12-17:1; 19:21-20:9; 22:6-end.
with a large number of an alien readings. It is only a tertiary witness of the Alexandrian text. Aland placed it in Category III. Text of Acts and Revelation has typical Byzantine text-type
. Aland
placed it in Category V.
In Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα, for Ιησου. The reading of the manuscript is supported by אc, Dc
, K
, 33
, 88
, 104
, 181
, 326
, 330
, (436
omit μη), 456
, 614
, 630
, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect.
The ending of the Epistle to the Romans
has an unusual order of verses: 16:23; 16:25-27; 16:24 (as in codices 33
104 256
263
365
436
459
1319 1573 1837 1852 syrp
arm).
In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it reads τη προσευχη (prayer) along with
11, 
46, א*, A, B
, C, D, F
, G
, Ψ, 6
, 33, 81
, 104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth. Other manuscripts read τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (fasting and prayer) or τη προσευχη και νηστεια (prayer and fasting).
In 1 Timothy
3:16 it has textual variant (God manifested) (Sinaiticuse, A2, C2, Dc, K, L
, P, Ψ, 81, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451
, 614
, 629
, 630, 1241, 1739
, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect), against ὃς ἐφανερώθη (he was manifested) supported by Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus
, Ephraemi, Boernerianus
, 33, 365
, 442
, 2127, ℓ 599.
In Hebrews 8:11 it reads πλησιον for πολιτην, the reading is supported by 81
, 104
, 436
, 629
, 630
, and 1985.
In 1 John 5:6 it has textual variant δι' ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος καὶ αἵματος (through water and spirit and blood) along with the manuscripts: 81
, 88
, 442
, 630
, 915, 2492, arm, eth.For another variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the First Epistle of John. Bart D. Ehrman
identified it as Orthodox corrupt reading.
In Rev 1:5 it reads λουσαντι ημας απο along with 046
, 94
, 1006, 1859, 2042, 2065, 2073, 2138, 2432
in 1862 at Saint Petersburg in the possession of the Archimandrite Porphiry Uspenski, who allowed him to take it to Leipzig to decipher lower script. Tischendorf edited its text in Monumenta sacra inedita vol. V-VI (1865–1869).
The codex is located now at the National Library of Russia (Gr. 225), in Saint Petersburg
.
Uncial
Uncial is a majuscule script commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters are written in either Greek, Latin, or Gothic.-Development:...
manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the Acts of Apostles, Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
, and General epistles
General epistles
General epistles are books in the New Testament in the form of letters. They are termed "general" because for the most part their intended audience seems to be Christians in general rather than individual persons or congregations as is the case with the Pauline epistles...
, with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
, dated paleographically to the 9th century. It is one of a few uncial manuscripts that include the Book of Revelation
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament. The title came into usage from the first word of the book in Koine Greek: apokalupsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation"...
.
It was discovered and edited by Tischendorf. The manuscript is lacunose.
Description
The codex contains 327 parchment leaves , written in one column per page, 24 lines per page. It is a palimpsestPalimpsest
A palimpsest is a manuscript page from a scroll or book from which the text has been scraped off and which can be used again. The word "palimpsest" comes through Latin palimpsēstus from Ancient Greek παλίμψηστος originally compounded from πάλιν and ψάω literally meaning “scraped...
, the upper text is the codex 1834, dated to 1301. It contains the commentary of Euthalius
Euthalius
Euthalius was a deacon of Alexandria and later Bishop of Sulca. He lived towards the middle of the fifth century and is chiefly known through his work on the New Testament in particular as the author of the "Euthalian Sections"....
on the Acts and the Pauline epistles together with the biblical text. It has breathings, accents, and apostroph. The accents are often used wrongly. It has "Martyrdum of Peter and Paul" (between Pauline epistles and Book of Revelation).
It has errors of itacism
Iotacism
Iotacism is the process by which a number of vowels and diphthongs in Ancient Greek converged in pronunciation so that they all sound like iota in Modern Greek....
. The letters αι and ε, η, ει and ι, ο and ω, and sometimes οι and υ are confused.
Ending of the Epistle to the Romans
Epistle to the Romans
The Epistle of Paul to the Romans, often shortened to Romans, is the sixth book in the New Testament. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by the Apostle Paul to explain that Salvation is offered through the Gospel of Jesus Christ...
has the order of verses: 16:23; 16:25-27; 16:24 (as in codices 33
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...
104
Minuscule 104
Minuscule 104 , α 103 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.Formerly it was labelled by 25a, 31p, and 7r....
256
Minuscule 256
Minuscule 256 , α216 , is a Greek-Armenian minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.It was adapted for liturgical use....
263
Minuscule 263
Minuscule 263 , δ 372 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
365
Minuscule 365
Minuscule 365 , δ 367 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament with some parts of the Old Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia....
436
Minuscule 436
Minuscule 436 , α 172 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
459
Minuscule 459
Minuscule 459 , α 104 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
1319 1573 1852 arm).
At the end of the Second Epistle to Timothy
Second Epistle to Timothy
The Second Epistle of Paul to Timothy, usually referred to simply as Second Timothy and often written 2 Timothy, is one of the three Pastoral Epistles traditionally attributed to Saint Paul, and is part of the New Testament...
it has subscription Τιμοθεον Β' απο Ρωμης, the same subscription have manuscripts 6
Minuscule 6
Minuscule 6 , δ 356 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 235 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically to the 13th century. The manuscript has complex contents and full marginalia...
, 1739
Minuscule 1739
Minuscule 1739 ; α 78 per is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 102 parchment leaves . It is dated paleographically to the 10th century.- Description :...
, 1881.
Lacunae
Acts 1:1-2:13; Romans 2:16-3:4; 8:32-9:10; 11:23-12:1; 1 Cor. 7:15-17; 12:23-13:5; 14:23-39; 2 Cor. 2:13-16; Col. 3:16-4:8; 1 Thes. 3:5-4:17; 1 John 3:20-5:1; Jude 4-15; Rev. 16:12-17:1; 19:21-20:9; 22:6-end.
Text
The Greek text of the Pauline and General epistles is a representative of the Alexandrian text-typeAlexandrian text-type
The Alexandrian text-type , associated with Alexandria, is one of several text-types used in New Testament textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of biblical manuscripts...
with a large number of an alien readings. It is only a tertiary witness of the Alexandrian text. Aland placed it in Category III. Text of Acts and Revelation has typical Byzantine text-type
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V.
In Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα, for Ιησου. The reading of the manuscript is supported by אc, Dc
Codex Claromontanus
Codex Claromontanus, symbolized by Dp or 06 , δ 1026 , is a Greek-Latin diglot uncial manuscript of the New Testament, written in an uncial hand on vellum. The Greek and Latin text on facing pages...
, K
Codex Mosquensis I
Codex Mosquensis I designated by Kap or 018 , Απρ1 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of New Testament, palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century...
, 33
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...
, 88
Minuscule 88
Codex Regis , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century...
, 104
Minuscule 104
Minuscule 104 , α 103 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.Formerly it was labelled by 25a, 31p, and 7r....
, 181
Minuscule 181
Minuscule 181 , α 101 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.Formerly it was labelled by 40a, 46p, and 12r.It has marginalia....
, 326
Minuscule 326
Minuscule 326 , α 257 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.Formerly it was labelled by 33a and 39p ....
, 330
Minuscule 330
Minuscule 330 , δ 259 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia.- Description :...
, (436
Minuscule 436
Minuscule 436 , α 172 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
omit μη), 456
Minuscule 456
Minuscule 456 , α 52 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.Formerly it was labelled by 86a, 96p, and 75r....
, 614
Minuscule 614
Minuscule 614 , α 364 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 630
Minuscule 630
Minuscule 630 , α 461 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect.
The ending of the Epistle to the Romans
Epistle to the Romans
The Epistle of Paul to the Romans, often shortened to Romans, is the sixth book in the New Testament. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by the Apostle Paul to explain that Salvation is offered through the Gospel of Jesus Christ...
has an unusual order of verses: 16:23; 16:25-27; 16:24 (as in codices 33
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...
104 256
Minuscule 256
Minuscule 256 , α216 , is a Greek-Armenian minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.It was adapted for liturgical use....
263
Minuscule 263
Minuscule 263 , δ 372 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
365
Minuscule 365
Minuscule 365 , δ 367 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament with some parts of the Old Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia....
436
Minuscule 436
Minuscule 436 , α 172 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
459
Minuscule 459
Minuscule 459 , α 104 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
1319 1573 1837 1852 syrp
Peshitta
The Peshitta is the standard version of the Bible for churches in the Syriac tradition.The Old Testament of the Peshitta was translated into Syriac from the Hebrew, probably in the 2nd century AD...
arm).
In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it reads τη προσευχη (prayer) along with
11, 46, א*, A, BCodex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
, C, D, F
Codex Augiensis
Codex Augiensis, designated by Fp or 010 , α 1029 is a 9th century diglot uncial manuscript of the Pauline Epistles in double parallel columns of Greek and Latin on the same page.- Description :...
, G
Codex Boernerianus
Codex Boernerianus, designated by Gp or 012 , α 1028 , is a small New Testament codex, measuring 25 x 18 cm, written in one column per page, 20 lines per page. Dated paleographically to the 9th century. The name of the codex derives from Boerner, to whom it once belonged...
, Ψ, 6
Minuscule 6
Minuscule 6 , δ 356 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 235 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically to the 13th century. The manuscript has complex contents and full marginalia...
, 33, 81
Minuscule 81
Minuscule 81 , or α162 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1044. Formerly it was labelled by 61a and 61p . The manuscript is lacunose...
, 104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth. Other manuscripts read τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (fasting and prayer) or τη προσευχη και νηστεια (prayer and fasting).
In 1 Timothy
First Epistle to Timothy
The First Epistle of Paul to Timothy, usually referred to simply as First Timothy and often written 1 Timothy, is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the Pastoral Epistles, the others being Second Timothy and Titus...
3:16 it has textual variant (God manifested) (Sinaiticuse, A2, C2, Dc, K, L
Codex Angelicus
Codex Angelicus designated by Lap or 020 , α 5 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 9th century...
, P, Ψ, 81, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451
Minuscule 451
Minuscule 451 , α 178 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 614
Minuscule 614
Minuscule 614 , α 364 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 629
Minuscule 629
Minuscule 629 , α 460 , is a Latin–Greek diglot minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It is known for the Comma Johanneum.Formerly it was labeled by 162a and...
, 630, 1241, 1739
Minuscule 1739
Minuscule 1739 ; α 78 per is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 102 parchment leaves . It is dated paleographically to the 10th century.- Description :...
, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect), against ὃς ἐφανερώθη (he was manifested) supported by Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...
, Ephraemi, Boernerianus
Codex Boernerianus
Codex Boernerianus, designated by Gp or 012 , α 1028 , is a small New Testament codex, measuring 25 x 18 cm, written in one column per page, 20 lines per page. Dated paleographically to the 9th century. The name of the codex derives from Boerner, to whom it once belonged...
, 33, 365
Minuscule 365
Minuscule 365 , δ 367 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament with some parts of the Old Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia....
, 442
Minuscule 442
Minuscule 442 , O18 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12 or 13th century.Formerly it was assigned by 68a and 73p...
, 2127, ℓ 599.
In Hebrews 8:11 it reads πλησιον for πολιτην, the reading is supported by 81
Minuscule 81
Minuscule 81 , or α162 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1044. Formerly it was labelled by 61a and 61p . The manuscript is lacunose...
, 104
Minuscule 104
Minuscule 104 , α 103 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.Formerly it was labelled by 25a, 31p, and 7r....
, 436
Minuscule 436
Minuscule 436 , α 172 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 629
Minuscule 629
Minuscule 629 , α 460 , is a Latin–Greek diglot minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It is known for the Comma Johanneum.Formerly it was labeled by 162a and...
, 630
Minuscule 630
Minuscule 630 , α 461 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, and 1985.
In 1 John 5:6 it has textual variant δι' ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος καὶ αἵματος (through water and spirit and blood) along with the manuscripts: 81
Minuscule 81
Minuscule 81 , or α162 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1044. Formerly it was labelled by 61a and 61p . The manuscript is lacunose...
, 88
Minuscule 88
Codex Regis , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century...
, 442
Minuscule 442
Minuscule 442 , O18 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12 or 13th century.Formerly it was assigned by 68a and 73p...
, 630
Minuscule 630
Minuscule 630 , α 461 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 915, 2492, arm, eth.For another variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the First Epistle of John. Bart D. Ehrman
Bart D. Ehrman
Bart D. Ehrman is an American New Testament scholar, currently the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill....
identified it as Orthodox corrupt reading.
In Rev 1:5 it reads λουσαντι ημας απο along with 046
Codex Vaticanus 2066
Codex Vaticanus 2066, designed by 046 , α 1070 , formerly it was known also as Codex Basilianus, previously it was designated by Br or B2. It is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament written on vellum...
, 94
Minuscule 94
Minuscule 94 , O31 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment and paper, dated to the 12th or 13th century...
, 1006, 1859, 2042, 2065, 2073, 2138, 2432
History
The manuscript was discovered by TischendorfConstantin von Tischendorf
Lobegott Friedrich Constantin Tischendorf was a noted German Biblical scholar. He deciphered the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a 5th century Greek manuscript of the New Testament, in the 1840s, and rediscovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th century New Testament manuscript, in 1859.Tischendorf...
in 1862 at Saint Petersburg in the possession of the Archimandrite Porphiry Uspenski, who allowed him to take it to Leipzig to decipher lower script. Tischendorf edited its text in Monumenta sacra inedita vol. V-VI (1865–1869).
The codex is located now at the National Library of Russia (Gr. 225), in Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
.
See also
- List of New Testament uncials
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
Further reading
- Constantin von TischendorfConstantin von TischendorfLobegott Friedrich Constantin Tischendorf was a noted German Biblical scholar. He deciphered the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a 5th century Greek manuscript of the New Testament, in the 1840s, and rediscovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th century New Testament manuscript, in 1859.Tischendorf...
, "Monumenta sacra inedita" V-VI, (Leipzig, 1865–1869), pp. 1 ff. - Kurt TreuKurt TreuKurt Treu , German classical philologist, was a son of a German parson on the island Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia. In 1940, because of World War II, the Treu family was forced to leave their homeland. Kurt Treu studied in a Gymnasium in Hohensalza. AS levels were studied by him after the...
, "Die Griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments in der USSR; eine systematische Auswertung des Texthandschriften in Leningrad, Moskau, Kiev, Odessa, Tbilisi und Erevan", T & U 91 (Berlin: 1966), pp. 101–104. - Herman C. HoskierHerman C. HoskierHerman Charles Hoskier , was a biblical scholar, British textual critic, and son of a merchant banker, Herman Hoskier .Hoskier, as textual critic, supported the Byzantine text-type against the Alexandrian text-type...
, "Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse" (2 vols., London, 1927), p. 1.7.
External links
- Codex Porphyrianus Papr (025): at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism