Melting points of the elements (data page)

<< Chemical elements data references

This page lists melting point

Melting point

The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at standard atmospheric pressure...

s for various chemical element

Chemical element

A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus. Familiar examples of elements include carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, gold, mercury, and lead.As of November 2011, 118 elements...

s at standard atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area exerted into a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the atmosphere of Earth . In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point...

in Kelvin

Kelvin

The kelvin is a unit of measurement for temperature. It is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units and is assigned the unit symbol K. The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all...

, Celsius

Celsius

Celsius is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius , who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death...

, and Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit is the temperature scale proposed in 1724 by, and named after, the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit . Within this scale, the freezing of water into ice is defined at 32 degrees, while the boiling point of water is defined to be 212 degrees...

. In general, melting points increase going from top to bottom, although there are many exceptions. Also, elements toward the middle of the table, which form strong metallic bonds and elements which form covalently bonded compounds, and not diatomic gases, such as carbon, which has the highest melting point in its diamond allotrope.

This page is intended as a chemical data reference page only. For more information on melting points, please see

Melting Point
Melting point
The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at standard atmospheric pressure...
Phases of Matter
Phase (matter)
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space , throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, and chemical composition...
Freezing Point Depression
Periodic Table
Periodic table
The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular display of the 118 known chemical elements organized by selected properties of their atomic structures. Elements are presented by increasing atomic number, the number of protons in an atom's atomic nucleus...

Melting point

1 H hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly... (H₂)
use	14.01 K	-259.14 °C	-434.45 °F
WEL	14.01 K	-259.14 °C	-434.45 °F
CRC		-259.34 °C
LNG		-259.35 °C
2 He helium Helium Helium is the chemical element with atomic number 2 and an atomic weight of 4.002602, which is represented by the symbol He. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table...
use	0.95 K (at 2.5 MPa)	-272.2 °C (at 2.5 MPa)	-458 °F (at 2.5 MPa)
WEL	0.95 K	-272.2 °C	-458 °F
LNG		-272.15 °C (at 25 atm)
3 Li lithium Lithium Lithium is a soft, silver-white metal that belongs to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. It is represented by the symbol Li, and it has the atomic number 3. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly...
use	453.69 K	180.54 °C	356.97 °F
WEL	453.69 K	180.54 °C	356.97 °F
CRC		180.50 °C
LNG		180.54 °C
4 Be beryllium Beryllium Beryllium is the chemical element with the symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals. Notable gemstones which contain beryllium include beryl and chrysoberyl...
use	1560 K	1287 °C	2349 °F
WEL	1560 K	1287 °C	2349 °F
CRC		1287 °C
LNG		1287 °C
5 B boron Boron Boron is the chemical element with atomic number 5 and the chemical symbol B. Boron is a metalloid. Because boron is not produced by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the solar system and the Earth's crust. However, boron is concentrated on Earth by the...
use	2349 K	2076 °C	3769 °F
WEL	2349 K	2076 °C	3769 °F
CRC		2075 °C
LNG		2076 °C
6 C carbon Carbon Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds... (graphite)
use
WEL	? (3800 K)	? (3527 °C)	? (6381 °F)
CRC		tp 4489 °C (at 10.3 MPa)
LNG		subl. (3915–4020) °C
6 C carbon Carbon Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds... (diamond)
use
WEL	? (3800 K)	? (3527 °C)	? (6381 °F)
CRC		4440 °C (at 12.4 GPa)
LNG		(at 63.5 atm) 3500 °C
7 N nitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N, atomic number of 7 and atomic mass 14.00674 u. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.08% by volume of Earth's atmosphere... (N₂)
use	63.15 K	-210.00 °C	-346.00 °F
WEL	63.05 K	-210.1 °C	-346.18 °F
CRC		-210.00 °C
LNG		-210.01 °C
8 O oxygen Oxygen Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition... (O₂)
use	54.36 K	-218.79 °C	-361.82 °F
WEL	54.8 K	-218.3 °C	-360.9 °F
CRC		-218.79 °C
LNG		-218.4 °C
9 F fluorine Fluorine Fluorine is the chemical element with atomic number 9, represented by the symbol F. It is the lightest element of the halogen column of the periodic table and has a single stable isotope, fluorine-19. At standard pressure and temperature, fluorine is a pale yellow gas composed of diatomic... (F₂)
use	53.53 K	-219.62 °C	-363.32 °F
WEL	53.53 K	-219.62 °C	-363.32 °F
CRC		tp -219.67 °C
LNG		-219.61 °C
10 Ne neon Neon Neon is the chemical element that has the symbol Ne and an atomic number of 10. Although a very common element in the universe, it is rare on Earth. A colorless, inert noble gas under standard conditions, neon gives a distinct reddish-orange glow when used in either low-voltage neon glow lamps or...
use	24.56 K	-248.59 °C	-415.46 °F
WEL	24.56 K	-248.59 °C	-415.46 °F
CRC		-248.59 °C
LNG		-248.67 °C
11 Na sodium Sodium Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals; its only stable isotope is 23Na. It is an abundant element that exists in numerous minerals, most commonly as sodium chloride...
use	370.87 K	97.72 °C	207.9 °F
WEL	370.87 K	97.72 °C	207.9 °F
CRC		97.80 °C
LNG		97.82 °C
12 Mg magnesium Magnesium Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and common oxidation number +2. It is an alkaline earth metal and the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and ninth in the known universe as a whole...
use	923 K	650 °C	1202 °F
WEL	923 K	650 °C	1202 °F
CRC		650 °C
LNG		651 °C
13 Al aluminium Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
use	933.47 K	660.32 °C	1220.58 °F
WEL	933.47 K	660.32 °C	1220.58 °F
CRC		660.32 °C
LNG		660.323 °C
freezing point 933.473 K (660.323 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
14 Si silicon Silicon Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. A tetravalent metalloid, it is less reactive than its chemical analog carbon, the nonmetal directly above it in the periodic table, but more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table...
use	1687 K	1414 °C	2577 °F
WEL	1687 K	1414 °C	2577 °F
CRC		1414 °C
LNG		1412 °C
15 P phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks... (white)
use	317.30 K	44.15 °C	111.47 °F
WEL	317.3 K	44.2 °C	111.6 °F
CRC		44.15 °C
LNG		44.15 °C
15 P phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks... (red)
use	870 K	597 °C	1107 °F
CRC		tp 590 °C
LNG		597 °C
15 P phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks... (black)
use	883 K	610 °C	1130 °F
CRC		610 °C
LNG
16 S sulfur Sulfur Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow... (orthorhombic, alpha)
use	(trans. to beta) 368.4 K	(trans. to beta) 95.3 °C	(trans. to beta) 203.5 °F
CRC		(trans. to mono) 95.3 °C
LNG		(trans. to beta) 94.5 °C
16 S sulfur Sulfur Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow... (monoclinic, beta, trans. slowly to alpha)
use	388.36 K	115.21 °C	239.38 °F
WEL	388.36 K	115.21 °C	239.38 °F
CRC		119.6 °C
LNG		115.21 °C
16 S sulfur Sulfur Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow... (gamma)
use	380.0 K	106.8 °C	224.2 °F
LNG		106.8 °C
17 Cl chlorine Chlorine Chlorine is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is the second lightest halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. The element forms diatomic molecules under standard conditions, called dichlorine... (Cl₂)
use	171.6 K	-101.5 °C	-150.7 °F
WEL	171.6 K	-101.5 °C	-150.7 °F
CRC		-101.5 °C
LNG		-101.5 °C
18 Ar argon Argon Argon is a chemical element represented by the symbol Ar. Argon has atomic number 18 and is the third element in group 18 of the periodic table . Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.93%, making it more common than carbon dioxide...
use	83.80 K	-189.35 °C	-308.83 °F
WEL	83.8 K	-189.3 °C	-308.7 °F
CRC		-189.35 °C
LNG		-189.38 °C
19 K potassium Potassium Potassium is the chemical element with the symbol K and atomic number 19. Elemental potassium is a soft silvery-white alkali metal that oxidizes rapidly in air and is very reactive with water, generating sufficient heat to ignite the hydrogen emitted in the reaction.Potassium and sodium are...
use	336.53 K	63.38 °C	146.08 °F
WEL	336.53 K	63.38 °C	146.08 °F
CRC		63.5 °C
CR2		63.38 °C
LNG		63.38 °C
20 Ca calcium Calcium Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...
use	1115 K	842 °C	1548 °F
WEL	1115 K	842 °C	1548 °F
CRC		842 °C
LNG		842 °C
21 Sc scandium Scandium Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic transition metal, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids...
use	1814 K	1541 °C	2806 °F
WEL	1814 K	1541 °C	2806 °F
CRC		1541 °C
LNG		1541 °C
22 Ti titanium Titanium Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal with a silver color.... (hexagonal)
use	1941 K	1668 °C	3034 °F
WEL	1941 K	1668 °C	3034 °F
CRC		1668 °C
LNG		1668 °C
23 V vanadium Vanadium Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery gray, ductile and malleable transition metal. The formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the metal against oxidation. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature...
use	2183 K	1910 °C	3470 °F
WEL	2183 K	1910 °C	3470 °F
CRC		1910 °C
LNG		1917 °C
24 Cr chromium Chromium Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorless, tasteless, and malleable...
use	2180 K	1907 °C	3465 °F
WEL	2180 K	1907 °C	3465 °F
CRC		1907 °C
LNG		1907 °C
25 Mn manganese Manganese Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...
use	1519 K	1246 °C	2275 °F
WEL	1519 K	1246 °C	2275 °F
CRC		1246 °C
LNG		(face-centered tetragonal) 1244 °C
26 Fe iron Iron Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...
use	1811 K	1538 °C	2800 °F
WEL	1811 K	1538 °C	2800 °F
CRC		1538 °C
LNG		1535 °C
27 Co cobalt Cobalt Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. It is found naturally only in chemically combined form. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal....
use	1768 K	1495 °C	2723 °F
WEL	1768 K	1495 °C	2723 °F
CRC		1495 °C
LNG		1494 °C
28 Ni nickel Nickel Nickel is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile...
use	1728 K	1455 °C	2651 °F
WEL	1728 K	1455 °C	2651 °F
CRC		1455 °C
LNG		1453 °C
29 Cu copper Copper Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...
use	1357.77 K	1084.62 °C	1984.32 °F
WEL	1357.77 K	1084.62 °C	1984.32 °F
CRC		1084.62 °C
LNG		1084.62 °C
freezing point 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
30 Zn zinc Zinc Zinc , or spelter , is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2...
use	692.68 K	419.53 °C	787.15 °F
WEL	692.68 K	419.53 °C	787.15 °F
CRC		419.53 °C
LNG		419.527 °C
freezing point 692.677 K (419.527 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
31 Ga gallium Gallium Gallium is a chemical element that has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in nature, but as the gallium salt in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores. A soft silvery metallic poor metal, elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures. As it liquefies...
use	302.9146 K	29.7646 °C	85.5763 °F
WEL	302.91 K	29.76 °C	85.57 °F
CRC		tp 29.771 °C
CR2		29.76 °C
LNG		29.7646 °C
melting point 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
32 Ge germanium Germanium Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. The isolated element is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon....
use	1211.40 K	938.25 °C	1720.85 °F
WEL	1211.4 K	938.3 °C	1720.9 °F
CRC		938.25 °C
LNG		937.3 °C
33 As arsenic Arsenic Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As, atomic number 33 and relative atomic mass 74.92. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. It was first documented by Albertus Magnus in 1250.Arsenic is a metalloid...
use	1090 K	817 °C	1503 °F
WEL	1090 K	817 °C	1503 °F
CRC		tp 817 °C (at 3.70 MPa)
CR2		817 °C
LNG		817 °C
34 Se selenium Selenium Selenium is a chemical element with atomic number 34, chemical symbol Se, and an atomic mass of 78.96. It is a nonmetal, whose properties are intermediate between those of adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium... (hexagonal, gray)
use	494 K	221 °C	430 °F
WEL	494 K	221 °C	430 °F
CRC		220.5 °C
CR2		221 °C
LNG		217 °C
34 Se selenium Selenium Selenium is a chemical element with atomic number 34, chemical symbol Se, and an atomic mass of 78.96. It is a nonmetal, whose properties are intermediate between those of adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium... (vitreous)
use	(trans. to gray) 453 K	(trans. to gray) 180 °C	(trans. to gray) 356 °F
CRC		(trans. to gray) 180 °C
35 Br bromine Bromine Bromine ") is a chemical element with the symbol Br, an atomic number of 35, and an atomic mass of 79.904. It is in the halogen element group. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826... (Br₂)
use	265.8 K	-7.3 °C	19 °F
WEL	265.8 K	-7.3 °C	19 °F
CRC		-7.2 °C
LNG		-7.25 °C
36 Kr krypton Krypton Krypton is a chemical element with the symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of Group 18 and Period 4 elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionally distilling liquified air, and is often used with other...
use	115.79 K	-157.36 °C	-251.25 °F
WEL	115.79 K	-157.36 °C	-251.25 °F
CRC		tp -157.38 °C (at 73.2 kPa)
LNG		-157.36 °C
37 Rb rubidium Rubidium Rubidium is a chemical element with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group. Its atomic mass is 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other elements in group 1, such as very rapid...
use	312.46 K	39.31 °C	102.76 °F
WEL	312.46 K	39.31 °C	102.76 °F
CRC		39.30 °C
CR2		39.31 °C
LNG		39.31 °C
38 Sr strontium Strontium Strontium is a chemical element with the symbol Sr and the atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The metal turns yellow when exposed to air. It occurs naturally in the minerals celestine and...
use	1050 K	777 °C	1431 °F
WEL	1050 K	777 °C	1431 °F
CRC		777 °C
LNG		757 °C
39 Y yttrium Yttrium Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is...
use	1799 K	1526 °C	2779 °F
WEL	1799 K	1526 °C	2779 °F
CRC		1522 °C
CR2		1526 °C
LNG		1522 °C
40 Zr zirconium Zirconium Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the mineral zircon. Its atomic mass is 91.224. It is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium...
use	2128 K	1855 °C	3371 °F
WEL	2128 K	1855 °C	3371 °F
CRC		1855 °C
LNG		1852 °C
41 Nb niobium Niobium Niobium or columbium , is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It's a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite...
use	2750 K	2477 °C	4491 °F
WEL	2750 K	2477 °C	4491 °F
CRC		2477 °C
LNG		2468 °C
42 Mo molybdenum Molybdenum Molybdenum , is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek , meaning lead, itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores...
use	2896 K	2623 °C	4753 °F
WEL	2896 K	2623 °C	4753 °F
CRC		2623 °C
LNG		2622 °C
43 Tc technetium Technetium Technetium is the chemical element with atomic number 43 and symbol Tc. It is the lowest atomic number element without any stable isotopes; every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically and only minute amounts are found in nature... (Tc-98 ?)
use	2430 K	2157 °C	3915 °F
WEL	2430 K	2157 °C	3915 °F
CRC		2157 °C
LNG		(Tc-98) 2157 °C
44 Ru ruthenium Ruthenium Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most chemicals. The Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element...
use	2607 K	2334 °C	4233 °F
WEL	2607 K	2334 °C	4233 °F
CRC		2334 °C
LNG		2334 °C
45 Rh rhodium Rhodium Rhodium is a chemical element that is a rare, silvery-white, hard and chemically inert transition metal and a member of the platinum group. It has the chemical symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is composed of only one isotope, 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is found as the free metal, alloyed...
use	2237 K	1964 °C	3567 °F
WEL	2237 K	1964 °C	3567 °F
CRC		1964 °C
LNG		1963 °C
46 Pd palladium Palladium Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired...
use	1828.05 K	1554.9 °C	2830.82 °F
WEL	1828.05 K	1554.9 °C	2830.82 °F
CRC		1554.9 °C
LNG		1555 °C
47 Ag silver Silver Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...
use	1234.93 K	961.78 °C	1763.2 °F
WEL	1234.93 K	961.78 °C	1763.2 °F
CRC		961.78 °C
LNG		961.78 °C
freezing point 1234.93 K (961.78 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
48 Cd cadmium Cadmium Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Similar to zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and similar to mercury it shows a low...
use	594.22 K	321.07 °C	609.93 °F
WEL	594.22 K	321.07 °C	609.93 °F
CRC		321.07 °C
LNG		321 °C
49 In indium Indium Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, very soft, malleable and easily fusible post-transition metal is chemically similar to gallium and thallium, and shows the intermediate properties between these two...
use	429.75 K	156.60 °C	313.88 °F
WEL	429.75 K	156.6 °C	313.88 °F
CRC		156.60 °C
LNG		156.60 °C
freezing point 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
50 Sn tin Tin Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows chemical similarity to both neighboring group 14 elements, germanium and lead and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4... (white)
use	505.08 K	231.93 °C	449.47 °F
WEL	505.08 K	231.93 °C	449.47 °F
CRC		231.93 °C
LNG		231.928 °C
freezing point 505.078 K (231.928 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
51 Sb antimony Antimony Antimony is a toxic chemical element with the symbol Sb and an atomic number of 51. A lustrous grey metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite...
use	903.78 K	630.63 °C	1167.13 °F
WEL	903.78 K	630.63 °C	1167.13 °F
CRC		630.63 °C
LNG		630.7 °C
52 Te tellurium
use	722.66 K	449.51 °C	841.12 °F
WEL	722.66 K	449.51 °C	841.12 °F
CRC		449.51 °C
LNG		449.8 °C
53 I iodine Iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor.... (I₂)
use	386.85 K	113.7 °C	236.66 °F
WEL	386.85 K	113.7 °C	236.66 °F
CRC		113.7 °C
LNG		113.60 °C
54 Xe xenon Xenon Xenon is a chemical element with the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. The element name is pronounced or . A colorless, heavy, odorless noble gas, xenon occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts...
use	161.4 K	-111.7 °C	-169.1 °F
WEL	161.4 K	-111.7 °C	-169.1 °F
CRC		tp -111.79 °C (at 81.6 kPa)
LNG		-111.8 °C
55 Cs caesium Caesium Caesium or cesium is the chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 °C , which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at room temperature...
use	301.59 K	28.44 °C	83.19 °F
WEL	301.59 K	28.44 °C	83.19 °F
CRC		28.5 °C
CR2		28.44 °C
LNG		28.44 °C
56 Ba barium Barium Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Barium is never found in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air. Its oxide is historically known as baryta but it reacts with...
use	1000 K	727 °C	1341 °F
WEL	1000 K	727 °C	1341 °F
CRC		727 °C
LNG		726.9 °C
57 La lanthanum Lanthanum Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57.Lanthanum is a silvery white metallic element that belongs to group 3 of the periodic table and is the first element of the lanthanide series. It is found in some rare-earth minerals, usually in combination with cerium and...
use	1193 K	920 °C	1688 °F
WEL	1193 K	920 °C	1688 °F
CRC		918 °C
CR2		920 °C
LNG		920 °C
58 Ce cerium Cerium Cerium is a chemical element with the symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet . Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earth elements, making up about 0.0046% of the Earth's crust by weight...
use	1068 K	795 °C	1463 °F
WEL	1068 K	795 °C	1463 °F
CRC		798 °C
CR2		799 °C
LNG		795 °C
59 Pr praseodymium Praseodymium Praseodymium is a chemical element that has the symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the lanthanide group. It is too reactive to be found in native form, and when artificially prepared, it slowly develops a green oxide coating.The element...
use	1208 K	935 °C	1715 °F
WEL	1208 K	935 °C	1715 °F
CRC		931 °C
LNG		935 °C
60 Nd neodymium Neodymium Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite...
use	1297 K	1024 °C	1875 °F
WEL	1297 K	1024 °C	1875 °F
CRC		1021 °C
CR2		1016 °C
LNG		1024 °C
61 Pm promethium Promethium Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. It is notable for being the only exclusively radioactive element besides technetium that is followed by chemical elements with stable isotopes.- Prediction :... (Pm-147 ?)
use	1315 K	1042 °C	1908 °F
WEL	1373 K	1100 °C	2012 °F
CRC		1042 °C
LNG		(Pm-147) 1080 °C
62 Sm samarium Samarium Samarium is a chemical element with the symbol Sm, atomic number 62 and atomic weight 150.36. It is a moderately hard silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3...
use	1345 K	1072 °C	1962 °F
WEL	1345 K	1072 °C	1962 °F
CRC		1074 °C
CR2		1072 °C
LNG		1074 °C
63 Eu europium Europium Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water...
use	1099 K	826 °C	1519 °F
WEL	1099 K	826 °C	1519 °F
CRC		822 °C
LNG		822 °C
64 Gd gadolinium Gadolinium Gadolinium is a chemical element with the symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined form. Gadolinium was first detected spectroscopically in 1880 by de Marignac who separated its oxide and is credited with...
use	1585 K	1312 °C	2394 °F
WEL	1585 K	1312 °C	2394 °F
CRC		1313 °C
CR2		1314 °C
LNG		1312 °C
65 Tb terbium Terbium Terbium is a chemical element with the symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife...
use	1629 K	1356 °C	2473 °F
WEL	1629 K	1356 °C	2473 °F
CRC		1356 °C
CR2		1359 °C
LNG		1356 °C
66 Dy dysprosium Dysprosium Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime...
use	1680 K	1407 °C	2565 °F
WEL	1680 K	1407 °C	2565 °F
CRC		1412 °C
CR2		1411 °C
LNG		1412 °C
67 Ho holmium Holmium Holmium is a chemical element with the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Its oxide was first isolated from rare earth ores in 1878 and the element was named after the city of Stockholm....
use	1734 K	1461 °C	2662 °F
WEL	1734 K	1461 °C	2662 °F
CRC		1474 °C
CR2		1472 °C
LNG		1474 °C
68 Er erbium Erbium Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with the symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth...
use	1802 K	1529 °C	2784 °F
WEL	1770 K	1497 °C	2727 °F
CRC		1529 °C
LNG		1529 °C
talk	The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C. The World Book encyclopedia from 2002 lists 1529 °C.
69 Tm thulium Thulium Thulium is a chemical element that has the symbol Tm and atomic number 69. Thulium is the second least abundant of the lanthanides . It is an easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray luster...
use	1818 K	1545 °C	2813 °F
WEL	1818 K	1545 °C	2813 °F
CRC		1545 °C
LNG		1545 °C
70 Yb ytterbium Ytterbium Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. A soft silvery metallic element, ytterbium is a rare earth element of the lanthanide series and is found in the minerals gadolinite, monazite, and xenotime. The element is sometimes associated with yttrium or other related...
use	1097 K	824 °C	1515 °F
WEL	1097 K	824 °C	1515 °F
CRC		819 °C
CR2		824 °C
LNG		819 °C
71 Lu lutetium
use	1925 K	1652 °C	3006 °F
WEL	1925 K	1652 °C	3006 °F
CRC		1663 °C
LNG		1663 °C
72 Hf hafnium Hafnium Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Hafnium was the penultimate stable...
use	2506 K	2233 °C	4051 °F
WEL	2506 K	2233 °C	4051 °F
CRC		2233 °C
LNG		2227 °C
73 Ta tantalum Tantalum Tantalum is a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, the name comes from Tantalus, a character in Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion resistant. It is part of the refractory...
use	3290 K	3017 °C	5463 °F
WEL	3290 K	3017 °C	5463 °F
CRC		3017 °C
LNG		2996 °C
74 W tungsten Tungsten Tungsten , also known as wolfram , is a chemical element with the chemical symbol W and atomic number 74.A hard, rare metal under standard conditions when uncombined, tungsten is found naturally on Earth only in chemical compounds. It was identified as a new element in 1781, and first isolated as...
use	3695 K	3422 °C	6192 °F
WEL	3695 K	3422 °C	6192 °F
CRC		3422 °C
LNG		3387 °C
75 Re rhenium Rhenium Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an average concentration of 1 part per billion , rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has...
use	3459 K	3186 °C	5767 °F
WEL	3459 K	3186 °C	5767 °F
CRC		3186 °C
LNG		3180 °C
76 Os osmium Osmium Osmium is a chemical element with the symbol Os and atomic number 76. Osmium is a hard, brittle, blue-gray or blue-blacktransition metal in the platinum family, and is the densest natural element. Osmium is twice as dense as lead. The density of osmium is , slightly greater than that of iridium,...
use	3306 K	3033 °C	5491 °F
WEL	3306 K	3033 °C	5491 °F
CRC		3033 °C
LNG		3045 °C
77 Ir iridium Iridium Iridium is the chemical element with atomic number 77, and is represented by the symbol Ir. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum family, iridium is the second-densest element and is the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C...
use	2719 K	2446 °C	4435 °F
WEL	2739 K	2466 °C	4471 °F
CRC		2446 °C
LNG		2447 °C
78 Pt platinum Platinum Platinum is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pt and an atomic number of 78. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina del Pinto, which is literally translated into "little silver of the Pinto River." It is a dense, malleable, ductile, precious, gray-white transition metal...
use	2041.4 K	1768.3 °C	3214.9 °F
WEL	2041.4 K	1768.3 °C	3214.9 °F
CRC		1768.4 °C
LNG		1769 °C
79 Au gold Gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
use	1337.33 K	1064.18 °C	1947.52 °F
WEL	1337.33 K	1064.18 °C	1947.52 °F
CRC		1064.18 °C
LNG		1064.18 °C
freezing point 1337.33 K (1064.18 °C) fixed point on ITS-90
80 Hg mercury Mercury (element) Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver or hydrargyrum...
use	234.32 K	-38.83 °C	-37.89 °F
WEL	234.32 K	-38.83 °C	-37.89 °F
CRC		tp -38.837 °C
LNG		-38.83 °C
81 Tl thallium Thallium Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray poor metal resembles tin but discolors when exposed to air. The two chemists William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy discovered thallium independently in 1861 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy...
use	577 K	304 °C	579 °F
WEL	577 K	304 °C	579 °F
CRC		304 °C
LNG		303.5 °C
82 Pb lead Lead Lead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed...
use	600.61 K	327.46 °C	621.43 °F
WEL	600.61 K	327.46 °C	621.43 °F
CRC		327.46 °C
LNG		327.43 °C
83 Bi bismuth Bismuth Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a trivalent poor metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally uncombined, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores. The free element is 86% as dense as lead...
use	544.7 K	271.5 °C	520.7 °F
WEL	544.4 K	271.3 °C	520.3 °F
CRC		271.40 °C
LNG		271.5 °C
84 Po polonium Polonium Polonium is a chemical element with the symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores. Polonium has been studied for...
use	527 K	254 °C	489 °F
WEL	527 K	254 °C	489 °F
CRC		254 °C
LNG		254 °C
85 At astatine Astatine Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on the Earth only as the result of decay of heavier elements, and decays away rapidly, so much less is known about this element than its upper neighbors in the periodic table...
use	575 K	302 °C	576 °F
WEL	575 K	302 °C	576 °F
CRC		302 °C
LNG		302 °C
86 Rn radon Radon Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as the decay product of uranium or thorium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days...
use	202 K	-71 °C	-96 °F
WEL	202 K	-71 °C	-96 °F
CRC		-71 °C
LNG		-71 °C
87 Fr francium Francium Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It was formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K.Actually the least unstable isotope, francium-223 It has the lowest electronegativity of all known elements, and is the second rarest naturally occurring element...
use	300 K	27 °C	80 °F
CRC		27 °C
88 Ra radium Radium Radium is a chemical element with atomic number 88, represented by the symbol Ra. Radium is an almost pure-white alkaline earth metal, but it readily oxidizes on exposure to air, becoming black in color. All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive, with the most stable isotope being radium-226,...
use	973 K	700 °C	1292 °F
WEL	973 K	700 °C	1292 °F
CRC		700 °C
LNG		700.1 °C
89 Ac actinium Actinium Actinium is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Ac and atomic number 89, which was discovered in 1899. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated. Polonium, radium and radon were observed before actinium, but they were not isolated until 1902... (Ac-227 ?)
use	circa 1323 K	circa 1050 °C	circa 1922 °F
WEL	1323 K	1050 °C	1922 °F
CRC		1051 °C
LNG		(Ac-227) 1050(50) °C
90 Th thorium Thorium Thorium is a natural radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 and named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder....
use	2115 K	1842 °C	3348 °F
WEL	2115 K	1842 °C	3348 °F
CRC		1750 °C
LNG		1750 °C
91 Pa protactinium Protactinium Protactinium is a chemical element with the symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds where protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but can also assume...
use	1841 K	1568 °C	2854 °F
WEL	1841 K	1568 °C	2854 °F
CRC		1572 °C
92 U uranium Uranium Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
use	1405.3 K	1132.2 °C	2070 °F
WEL	1405.3 K	1132.2 °C	2070 °F
CRC		1135 °C
LNG		1135 °C
93 Np neptunium Neptunium Neptunium is a chemical element with the symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element and belongs to the actinide series. Its most stable isotope, 237Np, is a by-product of nuclear reactors and plutonium production and it can be used as a...
use	917 K	644 °C	1191 °F
WEL	910 K	637 °C	1179 °F
CRC		644 °C
LNG		644 °C
94 Pu plutonium Plutonium Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, forming a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation...
use	912.5 K	639.4 °C	1182.9 °F
WEL	912.5 K	639.4 °C	1182.9 °F
CRC		640 °C
LNG		639.5 °C
95 Am americium Americium Americium is a synthetic element that has the symbol Am and atomic number 95. This transuranic element of the actinide series is located in the periodic table below the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after another continent, America.Americium was first produced in 1944...
use	1449 K	1176 °C	2149 °F
WEL	1449 K	1176 °C	2149 °F
CRC		1176 °C
LNG		1176 °C
96 Cm curium Curium Curium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This radioactive transuranic element of the actinide series was named after Marie Skłodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre Curie. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in summer 1944 by the group of... (Cm-244 ?)
use	1613 K	1340 °C	2444 °F
WEL	1613 K	1340 °C	2444 °F
CRC		1345 °C
LNG		(Cm-244) 1340 °C
97 Bk berkelium Berkelium Berkelium , is a synthetic element with the symbol Bk and atomic number 97, a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949... (alpha)
use	1323 K	1050 °C	1922 °F
CRC		1050 °C
LNG		1050 °C
97 Bk berkelium Berkelium Berkelium , is a synthetic element with the symbol Bk and atomic number 97, a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949... (beta)
use	1259 K	986 °C	1807 °F
WEL	1259 K	986 °C	1807 °F
CRC		986 °C
LNG		986 °C
98 Cf californium Californium Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with the symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first made in the laboratory in 1950 by bombarding curium with alpha particles at the University of California, Berkeley. It is the ninth member of the actinide series and was the... (Cf-252 ?)
use	1173 K	900 °C	1652 °F
WEL	1173 K	900 °C	1652 °F
CRC		900 °C
LNG		(Cf-252) 900 °C
99 Es einsteinium Einsteinium Einsteinium is a synthetic element with the symbol Es and atomic number 99. It is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide.Einsteinium was discovered in the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein...
use	1133 K	860 °C	1580 °F
WEL	1133 K	860 °C	1580 °F
CRC		860 °C
LNG		860 °C
100 Fm fermium Fermium Fermium is a synthetic element with the symbol Fm. It is the 100th element in the periodic table and a member of the actinide series. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities,... (Fm-257 ?)
use	1800 K	1527 °C	2781 °F
WEL	1800 K	1527 °C	2781 °F
CRC		1527 °C
LNG		(Fm-257) 1527 °C
101 Md mendelevium Mendelevium Mendelevium is a synthetic element with the symbol Md and the atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, mendelevium is usually synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles. It was named after Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, who created the...
use	1100 K	827 °C	1521 °F
WEL	1100 K	827 °C	1521 °F
CRC		827 °C
102 No nobelium Nobelium Nobelium is a synthetic element with the symbol No and atomic number 102. It was first correctly identified in 1966 by scientists at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in Dubna, Soviet Union...
use	1100 K	827 °C	1521 °F
WEL	1100 K	827 °C	1521 °F
CRC		827 °C
103 Lr lawrencium Lawrencium Lawrencium is a radioactive synthetic chemical element with the symbol Lr and atomic number 103. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a period 7 d-block element and the last element of actinide series...
use	1900 K	1627 °C	2961 °F
WEL	1900 K	1627 °C	2961 °F
CRC		1627 °C
LNG		1627 °C

Melting point

See also

WEL

CRC

CR2

LNG