Lophodermium
Encyclopedia
Lophodermium is a genus
of fungi within the family Rhytismataceae
. The genus contains 145 species and has a global distribution. The genus contains both plant pathogens infecting living foliage, and detritivore
s utilising dead plant matter. The genus infects many different plant families but with a notable concentration in the family Pinaceae
; many Lophodermium species are restricted to a single host genus (or even species), but some, particularly those infecting grasses
, may infect several genera. Some are economically important plant pathogens, such as those that cause needlecast disease in European Black Pine
, Scots Pine
and Red Pine
in forestry
and christmas tree
plantations. In these species, notably L. pinastri and L. seditiosum, the fungal spore
s disperse and infect the pine
needles in late summer, which turn brown by the following spring and then fall off.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of fungi within the family Rhytismataceae
Rhytismataceae
The Rhytismataceae are a family of fungi in the Rhytismatales order. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi , the family contains 55 genera and 728 species.-Genera:...
. The genus contains 145 species and has a global distribution. The genus contains both plant pathogens infecting living foliage, and detritivore
Detritivore
Detritivores, also known as detritophages or detritus feeders or detritus eaters or saprophages, are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus . By doing so, they contribute to decomposition and the nutrient cycles...
s utilising dead plant matter. The genus infects many different plant families but with a notable concentration in the family Pinaceae
Pinaceae
Pinaceae are trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly known as Coniferales. Pinaceae are supported as monophyletic by its protein-type sieve...
; many Lophodermium species are restricted to a single host genus (or even species), but some, particularly those infecting grasses
Poaceae
The Poaceae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called grasses, although the term "grass" is also applied to plants that are not in the Poaceae lineage, including the rushes and sedges...
, may infect several genera. Some are economically important plant pathogens, such as those that cause needlecast disease in European Black Pine
European Black Pine
Pinus nigra, the European Black Pine, is a moderately variable species of pine, occurring across southern Mediterranean Europe from Spain to the Crimea, in Asia Minor and on Cyprus, and in the high mountains of the Maghreb in North Africa....
, Scots Pine
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris, commonly known as the Scots Pine, is a species of pine native to Europe and Asia, ranging from Scotland, Ireland and Portugal in the west, east to eastern Siberia, south to the Caucasus Mountains, and as far north as well inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia...
and Red Pine
Red Pine
Pinus resinosa, commonly known as the red pine or Norway pine, is pine native to North America. The Red Pine occurs from Newfoundland west to Manitoba, and south to Pennsylvania, with several smaller, disjunct populations occurring in the Appalachian Mountains in Virginia and West Virginia, as well...
in forestry
Forestry
Forestry is the interdisciplinary profession embracing the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, and conserving forests and associated resources in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human benefit. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands...
and christmas tree
Christmas tree
The Christmas tree is a decorated evergreen coniferous tree, real or artificial, and a tradition associated with the celebration of Christmas. The tradition of decorating an evergreen tree at Christmas started in Livonia and Germany in the 16th century...
plantations. In these species, notably L. pinastri and L. seditiosum, the fungal spore
Spore
In biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many bacteria, plants, algae, fungi and some protozoa. According to scientist Dr...
s disperse and infect the pine
Pine
Pines are trees in the genus Pinus ,in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species.-Etymology:...
needles in late summer, which turn brown by the following spring and then fall off.
Partial list of species
A selection of species is listed below with their principal hosts:- Lophodermium abietis. Host: PiceaSpruceA spruce is a tree of the genus Picea , a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal regions of the earth. Spruces are large trees, from tall when mature, and can be distinguished by their whorled branches and conical...
(often included in L. piceae) - Lophodermium apiculatum. Host: PoaceaePoaceaeThe Poaceae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called grasses, although the term "grass" is also applied to plants that are not in the Poaceae lineage, including the rushes and sedges...
- Lophodermium arundinaceum. Host: Poaceae
- Lophodermium aucupariae. Host: SorbusSorbusSorbus is a genus of about 100–200 species of trees and shrubs in the subfamily Maloideae of the Rose family Rosaceae. Species of Sorbus are commonly known as whitebeam, rowan, service tree, and mountain ash...
- Lophodermium australe. Host: PinusPinePines are trees in the genus Pinus ,in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species.-Etymology:...
- Lophodermium autumnale. Host: AbiesFirFirs are a genus of 48–55 species of evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. They are found through much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, occurring in mountains over most of the range...
- Lophodermium baculiferum. Host: Pinus
- Lophodermium caricinum. Host: CarexCarexCarex is a genus of plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges. Other members of the Cyperaceae family are also called sedges, however those of genus Carex may be called "true" sedges, and it is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as...
- Lophodermium chamaecyparissi. Host: JuniperJuniperJunipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the...
us - Lophodermium conigenum. Host: Pinus
- Lophodermium consociatum. Host: Abies
- Lophodermium culmigenum. Host: Poaceae
- Lophodermium decorum. Host: Abies
- Lophodermium durilabrum. Host: Pinus
- Lophodermium exaridum. Host: PyrolaPyrolaPyrola is a genus of evergreen herbaceous plants in the family Ericaceae. Under the old Cronquist system it was placed in its own family Pyrolaceae, but genetic research showed it belonged in the family Ericaceae. The species are commonly known as wintergreen, a name shared with several other...
- Lophodermium festucae. Host: Poaceae
- Lophodermium foliicola. Host: RosaceaeRosaceaeRosaceae are a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including about 2830 species in 95 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the largest genera are Alchemilla , Sorbus , Crataegus , Cotoneaster , and Rubus...
, particularly CrataegusCrataegusCrataegus , commonly called hawthorn or thornapple, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe,... - Lophodermium gramineum. Host: Poaceae
- Lophodermium herbarum. Host: ConvallariaConvallariaConvallaria majalis , commonly known as the lily-of-the-valley, is a poisonous woodland flowering plant native throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere in Asia and Europe....
- Lophodermium hypophyllum. Host: VacciniumVacciniumVaccinium is a genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the plant Family Ericaceae. The fruit of many species are eaten by humans and some are of commercial importance, including the cranberry, blueberry, bilberry or whortleberry, lingonberry or cowberry, and huckleberry...
- Lophodermium hysterioides. Host: Amelanchier
- Lophodermium indianum. Host: Pinus
- Lophodermium intermissum. Host: Andromeda
- Lophodermium juniperinum. Host: Juniperus
- Lophodermium lacerum. Host: Abies
- Lophodermium laricinum. Host: LarixLarchLarches are conifers in the genus Larix, in the family Pinaceae. Growing from 15 to 50m tall, they are native to much of the cooler temperate northern hemisphere, on lowlands in the north and high on mountains further south...
- Lophodermium macci. Host: Pinus subgenus Strobus
- Lophodermium maculare. Hosts: ArctostaphylosArctostaphylosArctostaphylos is a genus of plants comprised by the manzanitas and bearberries. They are shrubs or small trees.There are about 60 species of Arctostaphylos, ranging from ground-hugging arctic, coastal, and mountain species to small trees up to 6 m tall. Most are evergreen , with small oval...
, Vaccinium - Lophodermium melaleucum. Host: Vaccinium
- Lophodermium molitoris. Host: Pinus
- Lophodermium nanakii. Host: Picea
- Lophodermium nitens. Host: Pinus
- Lophodermium oxycocci. Host: Vaccinium
- Lophodermium paeoniae. Hosts: PaeoniaPeonyPeony or paeony is a name for plants in the genus Paeonia, the only genus in the flowering plant family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, southern Europe and western North America...
- Lophodermium petiolicola. Hosts: CastaneaChestnutChestnut , some species called chinkapin or chinquapin, is a genus of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce.-Species:The chestnut belongs to the...
, QuercusOakAn oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus , of which about 600 species exist. "Oak" may also appear in the names of species in related genera, notably Lithocarpus... - Lophodermium piceae. Host: Abies (L. abietis often considered synonymous)
- Lophodermium pinastri Hosts: Larix, Pinus
- Lophodermium pini-excelsae Host: Pinus subgenus Strobus
- Lophodermium pini-mugonis Host: Pinus mugoMountain PinePinus mugo, the Mountain Pine or Mugo Pine, is a high-altitude European pine, found in the Pyrenees, Alps, Erzgebirge, Carpathians, northern Apennines and Balkan Peninsula mountains from 1,000 m to 2,200 m, occasionally as low as 200 m in the north of the range in Germany and Poland, and as high...
- Lophodermium pyrolae. Host: Pyrola
- Lophodermium rubicola. Host: RubusRubusRubus is a large genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. Raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries are common, widely distributed members of the genus. Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are...
- Lophodermium schweinitziiLophodermium schweinitziiLophodermium schweinitzii is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
. Hosts: GaultheriaGaultheriaGaultheria is a genus of about 170-180 species of shrubs in the family Ericaceae. The name memorializes Jean François Gauthier of Quebec, a mis-spelt honour bestowed by the Scandinavian Pehr Kalm in 1748. These plants are native to Asia, North and South America, and Australasia...
, RhododendronRhododendronRhododendron is a genus of over 1 000 species of woody plants in the heath family, most with showy flowers... - Lophodermium seditiosum Host: Pinus
- Lophodermium sphaerioides. Host: Rhododendron
- Lophodermium thuyae. Host: ThujaThujaThuja is a genus of coniferous trees in the Cupressaceae . There are five species in the genus, two native to North America and three native to eastern Asia...
- Lophodermium typhinum. Host: TyphaTyphaTypha is a genus of about eleven species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae. The genus has a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution, but is essentially cosmopolitan, being found in a variety of wetland habitats...
- Lophodermium uncinatum. Host: Abies
External links
- Lophodermium at Index FungorumIndex FungorumIndex Fungorum, an international project to index all formal names in the Fungi Kingdom. Somewhat comparable to the IPNI, but with more contributing institutions....