Rubus is a large genus

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

 of flowering plant

Flowering plant

The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...

s in the rose

Rose

A rose is a woody perennial of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae. There are over 100 species. They form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Flowers are large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows...

 family, Rosaceae

Rosaceae

Rosaceae are a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including about 2830 species in 95 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the largest genera are Alchemilla , Sorbus , Crataegus , Cotoneaster , and Rubus...

, subfamily Rosoideae

Rosoideae

The rose subfamily Rosoideae consists of more than 850 species, including many shrubs, perennial herbs, and fruit plants such as strawberries and brambles...

. Raspberries

Raspberry

The raspberry or hindberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus Rubus, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus; the name also applies to these plants themselves...

, blackberries

Blackberry

The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by any of several species in the Rubus genus of the Rosaceae family. The fruit is not a true berry; botanically it is termed an aggregate fruit, composed of small drupelets. The plants typically have biennial canes and perennial roots. Blackberries and...

, and dewberries

Dewberry

The dewberries are a group of species in the genus Rubus, section Rubus, closely related to the blackberries. They are small trailing brambles with berries reminiscent of the raspberry, but are usually purple to black instead of red.Dewberries are common throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere,...

 are common, widely distributed members of the genus. Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit

Fruit

In broad terms, a fruit is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds.The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state,...

, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets.

The blackberries, as well as various other Rubus species with mounding or rambling growth habits, are often called bramble

Bramble

Brambles are thorny plants of the genus Rubus, in the rose family . Bramble fruit is the fruit of any such plant, including the blackberry and raspberry. The word comes from Germanic *bram-bezi, whence also German Brombeere , Dutch Braam and French framboise...

s. However, this name is not used for those like the raspberry that grow as upright canes, or for trailing or prostrate species such as most dewberries, or various low-growing boreal, arctic, or alpine species.

The generic name means blackberry in Latin

Latin

Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...

 and was derived from the word ruber, meaning "red".

The genus Rubus is believed to have existed since at least 23.7 to 36.6 million years ago.

The scientific study of brambles is known as "batology".

Examples of the hundreds, if not thousands, of species of Rubus include:

• Rubus allegheniensis – Allegheny Blackberry
• Rubus arcticus – Arctic Raspberry
• Rubus armeniacus
  Rubus armeniacus
  Rubus armeniacus, Armenian Blackberry or Himalayan Blackberry, is a species of Rubus in the blackberry group Rubus subgenus Rubus series Discolores Focke. It is native to Armenia in southwest Asia, and widely naturalised elsewhere...
  
  – Himalayan Blackberry
• Rubus caesius – European Dewberry
• Rubus canadensis – Canadian Blackberry
• Rubus chamaemorus – Cloudberry
• Rubus coreanus
  Rubus coreanus
  Rubus coreanus is a species of raspberry native to Korea, Japan, and China. It produces edible berries that are fermented into bokbunja ju, a Korean fruit wine...
  
  - Bokbunja
• Rubus cuneifolius – Sand Blackberry
• Rubus fruticosus agg. – Blackberry
• Rubus glaucifolius
  Rubus glaucifolius
  Rubus glaucifolius is a species of wild raspberry known by the common name San Diego raspberry. It is native to Oregon and California, where it grows in mountain forests. It is a tangling shrub with very slender, lightly prickly stem spreading and branching outward. The leaves are each made up of...
  
  - San Diego Raspberry
• Rubus hayata-koidzumii (R. calycinoides) – Creeping Raspberry
• Rubus hochstetterorum - Azorean Blackberry
• Rubus idaeus
  Rubus idaeus
  Rubus idaeus is a red-fruited species of Rubus native to Europe and northern Asia and commonly cultivated in other temperate regions. A closely related plant in North America, sometimes regarded as the variety Rubus idaeus var...
  
  – European Red Raspberry
• Rubus laciniatus
  Rubus laciniatus
  Rubus laciniatus, the Cutleaf Evergreen Blackberry or Evergreen Blackberry, is a species of Rubus native to Europe. it is an introduced species in North America...
  
  - Cutleaf Evergreen Blackberry
• Rubus lasiococcus
  Rubus lasiococcus
  Rubus lasiococcus is a species of wild blackberry known by the common names roughfruit berry and dwarf bramble. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in mountain forests...
  
  - Roughfruit Berry
• Rubus leucodermis
  Rubus leucodermis
  Rubus leucodermis is a species of Rubus native to western North America, from British Columbia, Canada south to California, New Mexico and Mexico...
  
  – Whitebark Raspberry or Western Raspberry
• Rubus occidentalis
  Rubus occidentalis
  Rubus occidentalis is a species of Rubus native to eastern North America. Its common name black raspberry is shared with the closely related western American species Rubus leucodermis...
  
  – Black Raspberry
• Rubus odoratus
  Rubus odoratus
  Rubus odoratus is a species of Rubus, native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to Ontario, and south to Georgia and Alabama....
  
  – Flowering Raspberry
• Rubus parviflorus – Thimbleberry
• Rubus parvifolius
  Rubus parvifolius
  Rubus parvifolius, native raspberry, or small-leaf bramble, is a scrambling shrub occurring in heathland and eucalyptus woodland native to eastern Australia....
  
  - Small-leaf Bramble (Australia)
• Rubus pensilvanicus
  Rubus pensilvanicus
  Rubus pensilvanicus, known commonly as Pennsylvania Blackberry, is a prickly bramble native to eastern North America. The canes are green at first but then turning dark red, usually ridged, with copious straight prickles. The leaves are compound, usually bearing 5 or 7 leaflets. The flowers are...
  
  – Pennsylvania Blackberry
• Rubus phoenicolasius
  Rubus phoenicolasius
  Rubus phoenicolasius is a species of raspberry native to northern China, Japan, and Korea. The species was introduced to Europe and North America as an ornamental plant and for its potential in breeding hybrid raspberries...
  
  – Wineberry
• Rubus saxatilis
  Rubus saxatilis
  Rubus saxatilis or Stone Bramble is a species of bramble found in Europe and temperate Asia to Japan. The green stems are 20–60 cm tall and covered with minute needle-like prickles, and leaves are usually compound with three leaflets...
  
  – Stone Bramble
• Rubus spectabilis – Salmonberry
• Rubus strigosus
  Rubus strigosus
  Rubus strigosus, the American Red Raspberry or American Raspberry, is a species of Rubus native to much of North America. It has often been treated as a variety or subspecies of the closely related Eurasian Rubus idaeus , but currently is more commonly treated as a distinct...
  
  – American Red Raspberry
• Rubus trifidus
  Rubus trifidus
  Rubus trifidus is a species from Japan....
  
  - Japanese Blackberry
• Rubus ursinus
  Rubus ursinus
  Rubus ursinus is a species of blackberry or dewberry known by the common names California blackberry/dewberry, Douglas berry, and Pacific blackberry/dewberry. It is native to western North America. This is a wide, spreading shrub or vine-bearing bush with prickly branches that can tip layer to...
  
  – Trailing Blackberry

The genus also includes numerous hybrids, both natural and bred by man, such as the Loganberry

Loganberry

The loganberry is an hexaploid hybrid produced from crossing an octaploid blackberry and a diploid red raspberry. The plant and the fruit resemble the blackberry more than the raspberry, but the fruit colour is a dark red, rather than black...

 (Rubus × loganobaccus).

See also: List of Lepidoptera that feed on Rubus

Scientific classification

The genus Rubus is a very complex one, particularly the blackberry

Blackberry

The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by any of several species in the Rubus genus of the Rosaceae family. The fruit is not a true berry; botanically it is termed an aggregate fruit, composed of small drupelets. The plants typically have biennial canes and perennial roots. Blackberries and...

/dewberry

Dewberry

The dewberries are a group of species in the genus Rubus, section Rubus, closely related to the blackberries. They are small trailing brambles with berries reminiscent of the raspberry, but are usually purple to black instead of red.Dewberries are common throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere,...

 subgenus (Rubus), with polyploidy

Polyploidy

Polyploid is a term used to describe cells and organisms containing more than two paired sets of chromosomes. Most eukaryotic species are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes — one set inherited from each parent. However polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common...

, hybridization, and facultative apomixis

Apomixis

In botany, apomixis was defined by Winkler as replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction, without fertilization. This definition notably does not mention meiosis...

 apparently all frequently occurring, making species

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...

 classification of the great variation in the subgenus one of the grand challenges of systematic botany.

Rubus species have a basic chromosome number of seven. Polyploidy from the diploid (14 chromosomes) to the tetradecaploid (98 chromosomes) is exhibited.

Some treatments have recognized dozens of species each for what other, comparably qualified botanists have considered single, more variable species. On the other hand, species in the other Rubus subgenera

Subgenus

In biology, a subgenus is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.In zoology, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the Tiger Cowry of the Indo-Pacific, Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, which...

 (such as the raspberries) are generally distinct, or else involved in more routine one-or-a-few taxonomic debates, such as whether the European and American red raspberries are better treated as one species or two. (In this case, the two-species view is followed here, with Rubus idaeus and R. strigosus both recognized; if these species are combined, then the older name R. idaeus has priority for the broader species.)

Molecular data have backed up classifications based on geography and chromosome number, but following morphological

Plant morphology

Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level...

 data such as the structure of the leaves and stems do not appear to produce a phylogenetic classification.

The classification presented below recognizes 13 subgenera

Subgenus

In biology, a subgenus is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.In zoology, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the Tiger Cowry of the Indo-Pacific, Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, which...

 within Rubus, with the largest subgenus (Rubus) in turn divided into 12 sections

Section (botany)

In botany, a section is a taxonomic rank below the genus, but above the species. The subgenus, if present, is higher than the section, and the rank of series, if present, is below the section. Sections are typically used to help organise very large genera, which may have hundreds of species...

. Representative examples are presented, but there are many more species not mentioned here.

Subgenus Anoplobatus Rubus odoratus Rubus odoratus Rubus odoratus is a species of Rubus, native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to Ontario, and south to Georgia and Alabama.... Rubus koehleri Rubus parviflorus (Thimbleberry) Rubus aliceae Rubus aboriginum (Garden Dewberry) Rubus deliciosus Rubus deliciosus Rubus deliciosus is a deciduous shrub native to the United States, in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, New Mexico, western Oklahoma , and Wyoming.-Distribution:... Rubus neomexicanus Subgenus Chamaebatus Rubus subg. Chamaebatus Rubus subgenus Chamaebatus is a subgenus of flowering plant in the rose family. Species within this subgenus are:*R. calycinus*R. hayata-koidzumii*R. nivalis*R. pectinellus... Rubus hayata-koidzumii Rubus calycinus Rubus calycinus Rubus calycinus is a species of flowering plant in the rose family.... Rubus nivalis Rubus nivalis Rubus nivalis, commonly known as snow raspberry, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to far northern California, where it grows in mountain forests.-External links:***...  (Snow Raspberry) Rubus pectinellus Subgenus Chamaemorus Rubus chamaemorus Rubus pseudochamaemorus Subgenus Comaropsis Rubus geoides Subgenus Cyclactis Rubus arcticus Rubus saxatilis Rubus saxatilis Rubus saxatilis or Stone Bramble is a species of bramble found in Europe and temperate Asia to Japan. The green stems are 20–60 cm tall and covered with minute needle-like prickles, and leaves are usually compound with three leaflets... Rubus fockeanus Rubus humulifolius Rubus lasiococcus Rubus lasiococcus Rubus lasiococcus is a species of wild blackberry known by the common names roughfruit berry and dwarf bramble. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in mountain forests... Rubus pedatus Rubus pedatus Rubus pedatus is a species of raspberry known under the common names Five-leaved bramble, Strawberryleaf Raspberry and Creeping Raspberry. It is a low shrub or herb with thorn-less creeping stems. The leaves are alternate, deciduous, divided into 5 leaflets each coarsely toothed. The flowers are... Rubus xanthocarpus Subgenus Diemenicus Rubus gunnianus Subgenus Dalibardastrum Rubus amphidasys Rubus nepalensis Rubus nepalensis Rubus nepalensis is a species of evergreen raspberry endemic to Nepal and Himalayan India. It grows to about 1m in diameter, with height up to 20cms. Fruit is small, edible, and slightly sour.... Rubus tricolor Rubus tsangiorum Subgenus Idaeobatus Rubus acuminatissimus Rubus adenophorus Rubus alexeterius Rubus alpestris Rubus amabilis Rubus apetalus Rubus archboldianus Rubus aurantiacus Rubus biflorus Rubus chingii Rubus cockburnianus Rubus cockburnianus Rubus cockburnianus is a large plant of the Rubus genus that is cultivated in the UK, and has occasionally escaped into the wild.... Rubus columellaris Rubus copelandii Rubus corchorifolius Rubus coreanus Rubus coreanus Rubus coreanus is a species of raspberry native to Korea, Japan, and China. It produces edible berries that are fermented into bokbunja ju, a Korean fruit wine... Rubus coreanus Miquel Rubus crataegifolius Rubus crataegifolius Rubus crataegifolius is a species of raspberry which grows wild in northeastern China, Japan, Korea, and the Ussuri region of the Russian Far East.... Rubus croceacanthus Rubus ellipticus Rubus ellipticus Rubus ellipticus commonly known as Yellow Himalayan raspberry is a thorny fruiting shrub that originates from South Asia.-Invasive species - 100 worst:... Rubus eustephanos Rubus flosculosus Rubus fraxinifolius Rubus glabricarpus Rubus grayanus Rubus hawaiensis Rubus hawaiensis Rubus hawaiensis, also called the Ākala, is a species of Rubus endemic to Hawaii. It is found on the islands of Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii in mesic to wet forest at elevations of... Rubus hirsutus Rubus hoffmeisterianus Rubus hypargyrus Rubus idaeus Rubus idaeus Rubus idaeus is a red-fruited species of Rubus native to Europe and northern Asia and commonly cultivated in other temperate regions. A closely related plant in North America, sometimes regarded as the variety Rubus idaeus var... Rubus illecebrosus Rubus innominatus Rubus inopertus Rubus irritans Rubus komarovii Rubus lasiostylus Rubus leucodermis Rubus leucodermis Rubus leucodermis is a species of Rubus native to western North America, from British Columbia, Canada south to California, New Mexico and Mexico... Rubus ludwigii Rubus lutescens Rubus macilentus Rubus macraei Rubus macraei Rubus macraei, commonly known as Ākalakala, is a species of Rubus that is endemic to Hawaii. Although superficially similar to the other Hawaiian species, Rubus hawaiensis, the two are believed to be derived from separate colonizations of Hawaii. R... Rubus mesogaeus Rubus microphyllus Rubus minusculus Rubus niveus Rubus niveus Rubus niveus is a species of Rubus native to southern Asia, from Afghanistan east through India and China to Taiwan and the Philippines, south to Sri Lanka and Malaysia, and north to Gansu in China.It is a shrub growing to 1–2.5 m tall, the stems whitish tomentose at first, becoming glabrous green... Rubus occidentalis Rubus occidentalis Rubus occidentalis is a species of Rubus native to eastern North America. Its common name black raspberry is shared with the closely related western American species Rubus leucodermis... Rubus palmatus Rubus parvifolius Rubus parvifolius Rubus parvifolius, native raspberry, or small-leaf bramble, is a scrambling shrub occurring in heathland and eucalyptus woodland native to eastern Australia.... Rubus peltatus Rubus pentagonus Rubus phoenicolasius Rubus phoenicolasius Rubus phoenicolasius is a species of raspberry native to northern China, Japan, and Korea. The species was introduced to Europe and North America as an ornamental plant and for its potential in breeding hybrid raspberries... Rubus pileatus Rubus pinfaensis Rubus pinnatus Rubus probus Rubus probus Rubus probus , or Atherton Raspeberry, is a wild tropical raspberry species native to Papua New Guinea and Australia.... Rubus pungens Rubus racemosus Rubus rigidus Rubus rosifolius Rubus rosifolius Rubus rosifolius, also known as roseleaf bramble, West Indian raspberry, thimbleberry and ola'a... Rubus sachalinensis Rubus simplex Rubus spectabilis Rubus stans Rubus strigosus Rubus strigosus Rubus strigosus, the American Red Raspberry or American Raspberry, is a species of Rubus native to much of North America. It has often been treated as a variety or subspecies of the closely related Eurasian Rubus idaeus , but currently is more commonly treated as a distinct... Rubus suavissimus Rubus subornatus Rubus sumatranus Rubus teledapos Rubus thibetanus Rubus thibetanus Rubus thibetanus, known as ghost bramble, is a species of deciduous shrub in the genus Rubus, native to China, where the local Chinese name may be translated into English as Tibetan dewberry. It is xu zang xuan gou zi in transcribed Chinese-Distribution and habitat:R... Rubus trianthus Rubus trifidus Rubus trifidus Rubus trifidus is a species from Japan.... Rubus vernus Subgenus Lampobatus Rubus turquinensis Rubus trichomallus Rubus shankii Rubus sapidus Rubus roseus Rubus peruvianus Rubus nubigenus Rubus megalococcus Rubus macvaughianus Rubus irasuensis Rubus imperialis Rubus hondurensis Rubus glaucus Rubus glabratus Rubus giganteus Rubus gachetensis Rubus florulentus Rubus fagifolius Rubus eriocarpus Rubus eggersii Rubus costaricanus Rubus coriaceus Rubus acanthophyllos Rubus choachiensis Rubus bullatus Rubus briareus Rubus bogotensis Rubus betonicifolius Rubus adenotrichos Rubus adenothallus Subgenus Malachobatus Rubus acuminatus Rubus alceifolius Rubus assamensis Rubus bambusarum Rubus buergeri Rubus chroosepalus Rubus chrysophyllus Rubus elongatus Rubus fairholmianus Rubus flagelliflorus Rubus fockei Rubus formosensis Rubus gardnerianus Rubus glomeratus Rubus henryi Rubus hunanensis Rubus ichangensis Rubus irenaeus Rubus kawakamii Rubus lambertianus Rubus lineatus Rubus moluccanus Rubus moluccanus Rubus moluccanus, Molucca bramble or Broad-leaf Bramble, is a scrambling shrub or climber, native to moist eucalyptus forest and rainforest of eastern Australia, distributed from Queensland to Victoria.... Rubus multibracteatus Rubus paniculatus Rubus parkeri Rubus pseudosieboldii Rubus pyrifolius Rubus rolfei Rubus rugosus Rubus setchuenensis Rubus sieboldii Rubus sieboldii Rubus sieboldii, the Molucca Raspberry, is a flowering plant in the genus Rubus. The species are native to Australia, and mid-western Asia, in the Himalaya Mountains and foothills... Rubus splendidissimus Rubus swinhoei Rubus tephrodes Rubus tiliaceus Rubus wardii Rubus xanthoneurus Subgenus Micranthobatus Rubus australis Rubus cissoides Bush lawyer (plant) Bush lawyer is a common name of a group of climbing blackberry plants that are found in New Zealand, many of them rampant forest vines... Rubus parvus Rubus schmidelioides Rubus squarrosus Subgenus Orobatus Rubus loxensis

Subgenus Rubus (syn. subgenus Eubatus) Sections Sect. Allegheniensis Rubus allegheniensis Rubus alumnus Rubus pennus Sect. Arguti Rubus abactus Rubus andrewsianus Rubus argutus Rubus frondosus Rubus orarius Rubus ostryifolius Rubus pensilvanicus Rubus pensilvanicus Rubus pensilvanicus, known commonly as Pennsylvania Blackberry, is a prickly bramble native to eastern North America. The canes are green at first but then turning dark red, usually ridged, with copious straight prickles. The leaves are compound, usually bearing 5 or 7 leaflets. The flowers are... Rubus recurvans Sect. Caesii Rubus caesius Sect. Canadenses Rubus canadensis Rubus kennedyanus Sect. Corylifolii Rubus fioniae Rubus tuberculatus Rubus wahlbergii Rubus fabrimontanus Rubus dissimulans Rubus dumetorum Rubus gothicus Rubus camptostachys Rubus adenoleucus Rubus aureolus Rubus babingtonianus Rubus britannicus Rubus conjungens Rubus cyclomorphus Rubus eluxatus Rubus lamprocaulos Rubus mortensenii Rubus nemorosus Rubus seebergensis Sect. Cuneifolii Rubus cuneifolius Sect. Flagellares Rubus arundelanus Rubus biformispinus Rubus deamii Rubus enslenii Rubus flagellaris Sect. Hispidi Rubus hispidus Sect. Rubus (also known as Rubus fruticosus agg.) Rubus bifrons Rubus laciniatus Rubus laciniatus Rubus laciniatus, the Cutleaf Evergreen Blackberry or Evergreen Blackberry, is a species of Rubus native to Europe. it is an introduced species in North America... Rubus plicatus Rubus nessensis Rubus ulmifolius Rubus ulmifolius Rubus ulmifolius is a species of wild blackberry known by the English common name elmleaf blackberry or thornless blackberry and the Spanish common name zarzamora. It is native to Europe and North Africa, and it is widely known elsewhere as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed... Rubus adornatus Rubus adspersus Rubus ammobius Rubus arrhenii Rubus atrichantherus Rubus axillaris Rubus bavaricus Rubus bertramii Rubus braeuckeri Rubus bregutiensis Rubus canescens Rubus cardiophyllus Rubus chloocladus Rubus chlorothyrsos Rubus cimbricus Rubus clusii Rubus conothyrsoides Rubus dasyphyllus Rubus divaricatus Rubus drejeri Rubus egregius Rubus foliosus Rubus fuscus Rubus gelertii Rubus glandithyrsos Rubus godronii Rubus grabowskii Rubus gratus Rubus gremlii Rubus hirtus Rubus infestus Rubus insularis Rubus macrophyllus Rubus micans Rubus montanus Rubus mucronulatus Rubus pedemontanus Rubus polyanthemus Rubus praecox Rubus pyramidalis Rubus radula Rubus rhamnifolius Rubus rhombifolius Rubus rosaceus Rubus rudis Rubus schlechtendalii Rubus schleicheri Rubus senticosus Rubus slesvicensis Rubus sprengelii Rubus sulcatus Rubus vestitus Rubus vigorosus Rubus vulgaris Rubus acheruntinus Rubus ahenifolius Rubus alterniflorus Rubus amplificatus Rubus anglocandicans Rubus angustifrons Rubus armeniacus Rubus armeniacus Rubus armeniacus, Armenian Blackberry or Himalayan Blackberry, is a species of Rubus in the blackberry group Rubus subgenus Rubus series Discolores Focke. It is native to Armenia in southwest Asia, and widely naturalised elsewhere... (syn. R. discolor) Rubus bakerianus Rubus bayeri Rubus bloxamianus Rubus bloxamii Rubus bollei Rubus boraeanus Rubus calvatus Rubus caucasicus Rubus chrysoxylon Rubus cissburiensis Rubus colemannii Rubus concolor Rubus cordifolius Rubus cyri Rubus diversus Rubus dumnoniensis Rubus echinatoides Rubus echinatus Rubus errabundus Rubus erythrops Rubus fissus Rubus formidabilis Rubus furvicolor Rubus fuscoater Rubus ieri Rubus georgicus Rubus glanduliger Rubus glandulosus Rubus hartmanii Rubus hylophilus Rubus inermis Rubus lamprophyllus Rubus lespinassei Rubus leucostachys Rubus ergii Rubus eianus Rubus linkianus Rubus miszczenkoi Rubus moschus Rubus mulleri Rubus nitidioides Rubus pedatifolius Rubus piceetorum Rubus promachonicus Rubus rubritinctus Rubus sanctus Rubus sanctus Rubus santus, commonly called holy bramble, is a species of bramble native to parts of Asia and Europe.... Rubus scheutzii Rubus separinus Rubus septentrionalis Rubus thyrsiflorus Sect. Setosi Rubus glandicaulis Rubus missouricus Rubus notatus Rubus semisetosus Rubus setosus Rubus stipulatus Rubus vermontanus Sect. Ursini Rubus × loganobaccus Rubus ursinus Rubus ursinus Rubus ursinus is a species of blackberry or dewberry known by the common names California blackberry/dewberry, Douglas berry, and Pacific blackberry/dewberry. It is native to western North America. This is a wide, spreading shrub or vine-bearing bush with prickly branches that can tip layer to... Sect. Verotriviales Rubus lucidus Rubus riograndis Rubus trivialis

External links

• Rubus at the Western Kentucky University
  Western Kentucky University
  Western Kentucky University is a public university in Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA. It was formally founded by the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1906, though its roots reach back a quarter-century earlier....