List of state leaders in 1499
Encyclopedia
1498 state leaders - Events of 1499 - 1500 state leaders - State leaders by year
Africa
- Empire of Ethiopia - Na'odNa'odNa'od was of Ethiopia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the second son of Baeda Maryam and his second wife Kalyupe , and was born at Gabarge....
(1494–1508)- Adal SultanateAdal SultanateThe Adal Sultanate or the Kingdom of Adal was a medieval multi-ethnic Muslim state located in the Horn of Africa.-Overview:...
- Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-DinMuhammad ibn Azhar ad-DinMuhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal. Sihab ad-Din Ahmad states in his Futuh al-Habasa that he was the son of Azhar, the second son of Abu Bakr, one of the ten sons of Sa'ad ad-Din II, and ruled for 30 years....
(1488–1518)
- Adal Sultanate
- Kingdom of KongoKingdom of KongoThe Kingdom of Kongo was an African kingdom located in west central Africa in what are now northern Angola, Cabinda, the Republic of the Congo, and the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo...
- João IJoão I of KongoJoão I of Kongo, alias Nzinga a Nkuwu or Nkuwu Nzinga, was ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo between 1470–1506. He was baptized as João in 3 May 1491 by Portuguese missionaries.-Early reign:...
(1470–1509) - Songhai EmpireSonghai EmpireThe Songhai Empire, also known as the Songhay Empire, was a state located in western Africa. From the early 15th to the late 16th century, Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires in history. This empire bore the same name as its leading ethnic group, the Songhai. Its capital was the city...
- Askia Mohammad IAskia Mohammad IAskia the Great was a Soninke emperor of the Songhai Empire in the late 15th century, the successor of Sunni Ali Ber. Askia Muhammad strengthened his country and made it the largest country in West Africa's history...
, Askia of the Songhai Empire (1493–1528)
Americas
- Aztec EmpireAztecThe Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the late post-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology.Aztec is the...
- AuitzotlAuítzotlAhuizotl was the eighth Aztec ruler, the Hueyi Tlatoani, of the city of Tenochtitlan. He was responsible for much of the expansion of the Mexica domain, and consolidated the empire's power after emulating his predecessor...
(1486–1502) - Inca EmpireInca EmpireThe Inca Empire, or Inka Empire , was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century...
- Huayna CapacHuayna CapacHuayna Capac was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui.-Name:In Quechua, his name is spelled Wayna Qhapaq, and in Southern Quechua, it is Vaina Ghapakh...
(1493–1527) - Texcoco - NezahualpilliNezahualpilliNezahualpilli was ruler of the Mesoamerican city-state of Texcoco, elected by the city's nobility after the death of his father, Nezahualcoyotl, in 1472....
, King of Texcoco (1472–1515)
Asia
- AhmadnagarAhmadnagarAhmadnagar is located in Gujranwala DistricTt, Punjab, Pakistan.-References:...
- Ahmad Shah I, Nizam of Ahmadnagar (1490–1509) - ArakanRakhine StateRakhine State is a Burmese state. Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State in the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region in the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west, and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between...
- Tsalenggathu, King of Arakan (1494–1501) - Ava KingdomAva KingdomThe Ava Kingdom was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma from 1364 to 1555. Founded in 1364, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms that had ruled central Burma since the collapse of Pagan Empire in the late 13th century...
(Burma) - Minhkaung II (1481–1502) - Ayutthaya KingdomAyutthaya kingdomAyutthaya was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1350 to 1767. Ayutthaya was friendly towards foreign traders, including the Chinese, Vietnamese , Indians, Japanese and Persians, and later the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and French, permitting them to set up villages outside the walls of the...
(Siam) - Rama T'ibodi II (1491–1529) - Bahmani SultanateBahmani SultanateThe Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms...
- Muhammad Shah IV (1482–1518) - Sultanate of BengalSultanate of BengalThe Sultanate of Bengal was a state that existed from the 14th through the 16th centuries. It was eventually absorbed into the Mughal fold. The Sultanate was ruled by a series of dynasties with both local and foreign origins.-Origins:...
- Aladdin Husain (1494–1518) - Berar SultanateBerar Sultanate-Berar in Ancient History:Subah Berar and Gondwana the Vidarbha region known as Gulshan-e-Berar in medieval period since Khilji dynasty to mughal period according Aine-Akbari and Alimgeer Namah report the berar is hole Fourteen sarkar...
- Fath-Allah 'Imad ul-Mulk (1490–1504) - Bidar SultanateBidar SultanateBidar sultanate was one of the Deccan sultanates of late medieval India. Its founder, Qasim Barid was a Turk, domiciled in Georgia. He joined the service of the Bahmani sultan Muhammad Shah III. He started his career as a sar-naubat but later became the mir-jumla of the Bahmani sultanate...
- Qasim Shah I (1492–1504) - Bijapur Sultanate - Yusuf Adil ShahYusuf Adil ShahYusuf Adil Shah , referred as Adil Khan or Hidalcão by the Portuguese, was the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur for nearly two centuries...
(1490–1510) - CambodiaCambodiaCambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
- Sri Sukonthor, King of CambodiaKing of CambodiaThe King of Cambodia is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King's power is limited to that of a symbolic figurehead to whom people are to give love and respect...
(1486–1512) - Ceylon - Parakramabahu VIII, King of Ceylon (1484–1508)
- Chiang MaiChiang MaiChiang Mai sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. It is the capital of Chiang Mai Province , a former capital of the Kingdom of Lanna and was the tributary Kingdom of Chiang Mai from 1774 until 1939. It is...
- Müang Kaeo, King of Chiang Mai (1495–1526) - China (Ming DynastyMing DynastyThe Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
) - Hongzhi EmperorHongzhi EmperorThe Hongzhi Emperor was emperor of the Ming dynasty in China between 1487 and 1505. Born Zhu Youcheng , he was the son of the Chenghua Emperor and his reign as emperor of China is called the Hongzhi...
(1487–1505) - Delhi SultanateDelhi SultanateThe Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, of Turkic origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty...
- Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517) - Đại Việt (Viet Nam) Later Lê Dynasty - Lê Hiến TôngLê Hiển TôngLê Hiển Tông , born Lê Duy Hiệu, was the second-last king of Vietnamese Lê Dynasty. He reigned from 1740 to 1786 and was succeeded by his grandson Lê Duy Kỳ.-References:...
(1497–1504) - Sultanate of Gujarat - Mahmud Shah I (1458–1511)
- Japan (Sengoku period)Sengoku periodThe or Warring States period in Japanese history was a time of social upheaval, political intrigue, and nearly constant military conflict that lasted roughly from the middle of the 15th century to the beginning of the 17th century. The name "Sengoku" was adopted by Japanese historians in reference...
- Monarch - Emperor Go-TsuchimikadoEmperor Go-Tsuchimikadowas the 103rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1464 through 1500....
(1464–1500) - ShogunShogunA was one of the hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns, or their shikken regents , were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor...
(AshikagaAshikaga shogunateThe , also known as the , was a Japanese feudal military regime, ruled by the shoguns of the Ashikaga clan.This period is also known as the Muromachi period and gets its name from Muromachi Street of Kyoto where the third shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu established his residence...
) - Ashikaga YoshizumiAshikaga Yoshizumiwas the 11th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1494 to 1508 during the Muromachi period of Japan. He was the son of Ashikaga Masatomo and grandson of the sixth shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori. Yoshizumi was first called Yoshitō , then Yoshitaka.Yoshizumi was adopted by the 8th shogun...
(1494–1508)
- Monarch - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
- Sultanate of Kedah - Mohammed Jiwa Zainal al-Abidin I (1472–1506)
- Korea (Joseon Dynasty)Joseon DynastyJoseon , was a Korean state founded by Taejo Yi Seong-gye that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo at what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul...
- YeonsangunYeonsangun of JoseonYeonsan-gun , born Yi Yung, was the 10th king of Korea's Joseon Dynasty. He was the eldest son of Seongjong by his second wife, Lady Yoon. He is often considered the worst tyrant in Joseon Dynasty, notorious for launching two bloody purges of the seonbi elite...
(1494–1506) - Lan XangLan XangThe Lao kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Kao was established in 1354 by Fa Ngum.Exiled as an infant to Cambodia, Prince Fa Ngum of Xieng Dong Xieng Thong married a daughter of the Khmer king. In 1349 he set out from Angkor at the head of a 10,000-man army to establish his own country...
(VientianeVientiane-Geography:Vientiane is situated on a bend of the Mekong river, which forms the border with Thailand at this point.-Climate:Vientiane features a tropical wet and dry climate with a distinct monsoon season and a dry season. Vientiane’s dry season spans from November through March. April marks the...
) - Som Phou, King of Lan Xang (1496–1501) - Malacca SultanateMalacca SultanateEstablished by the Malay ruler Parameswara, the Sultanate of Malacca was first a Hindu kingdom in 1402 and later became Muslim following the marriage of the princess of Pasai in 1409. Centered in the modern town of Malacca, the sultanate bordered the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam in the north to...
- Mahmud Shah (1488–1510) - Malwa SultanateMalwa SultanateThe Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval independent kingdom in the Malwa region of the present day Madhya Pradesh state in India in 1392–1562.-History:For earlier history, see article Malwa....
-- Ghiyas-ud-Din Shah (1469–1500)
- Nasir-ud-Din Shah (1500–1511)
- MultanMultanMultan , is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about from Islamabad, from Lahore and from Karachi...
- Husseyn Langah I, King of Multan (1456–1502) - OrissaOrissaOrissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...
- Prataparudra, King of Orissa (1497–1540) - PahangPahangPahang is the third largest state in Malaysia, after Sarawak and Sabah, occupying the huge Pahang River river basin. It is bordered to the north by Kelantan, to the west by Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, to the south by Johor and to the east by Terengganu and the South China Sea.Its state...
- Mansur I (1475–1519) - Hanthawaddy KingdomHanthawaddy KingdomThe Hanthawaddy Kingdom was the dominant kingdom that ruled lower Burma from 1287 to 1539. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramannadesa by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287 as a nominal vassal state of Sukhothai Kingdom, and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty...
- Binnya Ran IIBinnya Ran IIBinnya Ran II was the 17th king of Hanthawaddy for 34 years from 1492 to 1526. He was revered for his gentleness although his first act as king was to enforce the massacre of the kinsmen, putting all the royal offspring to death....
(1492–1526) - Ryūkyū KingdomRyukyu KingdomThe Ryūkyū Kingdom was an independent kingdom which ruled most of the Ryukyu Islands from the 15th century to the 19th century. The Kings of Ryūkyū unified Okinawa Island and extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands in modern-day Kagoshima Prefecture, and the Sakishima Islands near Taiwan...
- Shō ShinSho Shin' was a king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, the third of the line of the Second Shō Dynasty. Shō Shin's long reign has been described as "the Great Days of Chūzan", a period of great peace and relative prosperity. He was the son of Shō En, the founder of the dynasty, by Yosoidon, Shō En's second wife,...
(1477–1526) - SindhSindhSindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
- Firuz Salah ud-Din, Sultan of Sindh (1492–1521) - TaungooTaungoo-Administration:*Taungoo District Peace and Development Council - List of Six Townships*Taungoo Township Peace and Development Council*Taungoo Ward Peace and Development Council - 22 Wards*Taungoo Municipal*District and Township Immigration Dept...
(Burma) - Minkyinyo, King of Taungoo (1486–1531) - Vijayanagara EmpireVijayanagara EmpireThe Vijayanagara Empire , referred as the Kingdom of Bisnaga by the Portuguese, was an empire based in South Indian in the Deccan Plateau region. It was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of the Yadava lineage. The empire rose to prominence as a culmination of attempts...
- Immadi Narasimha (1491–1505)
Europe
- Kingdom of AragonKingdom of AragonThe Kingdom of Aragon was a medieval and early modern kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain...
- Ferdinand IIFerdinand II of AragonFerdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
(1479–1516) - Crown of CastileCrown of CastileThe Crown of Castile was a medieval and modern state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then King Ferdinand III of Castile to the vacant Leonese throne...
- Isabella IIsabella I of CastileIsabella I was Queen of Castile and León. She and her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon brought stability to both kingdoms that became the basis for the unification of Spain. Later the two laid the foundations for the political unification of Spain under their grandson, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor...
(1474–1504) - Crimean KhanateCrimean KhanateCrimean Khanate, or Khanate of Crimea , was a state ruled by Crimean Tatars from 1441 to 1783. Its native name was . Its khans were the patrilineal descendants of Toqa Temür, the thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan...
- Meñli I GirayMeñli I GirayMeñli I Giray , also spelled as Mengli I Giray, was a khan of the Crimean Khanate and the sixth son of the khanate founder Haci I Giray....
(1478–1515) - Kingdom of Denmark and Norway - Hans, King of Denmark and Norway (1481–1513)
- Duchy of Schleswig - Frederick IFrederick I of DenmarkFrederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian...
(1490–1533) and John I (1481–1513) in condominial rule
- Duchy of Schleswig - Frederick I
- Kingdom of England and Wales - Henry VIIHenry VII of EnglandHenry VII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor....
(1485–1509) - Kingdom of FranceKingdom of FranceThe Kingdom of France was one of the most powerful states to exist in Europe during the second millennium.It originated from the Western portion of the Frankish empire, and consolidated significant power and influence over the next thousand years. Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, developed a...
- Louis XIILouis XII of FranceLouis proved to be a popular king. At the end of his reign the crown deficit was no greater than it had been when he succeeded Charles VIII in 1498, despite several expensive military campaigns in Italy. His fiscal reforms of 1504 and 1508 tightened and improved procedures for the collection of taxes...
(1498–1515) - Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
- Maximilian IMaximilian I, Holy Roman EmperorMaximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...
(1486–1519)- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau -
- Ernest IErnest I, Prince of Anhalt-DessauErnest I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau , was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau....
(1471–1516) - George IIGeorge II, Prince of Anhalt-DessauGeorge II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau....
(1471–1509) - Rudolph IVRudolph IV, Prince of Anhalt-DessauRudolph IV, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau....
(1471–1510)
- Ernest I
- Principality of Anhalt-Köthen - Waldemar VIWaldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-KöthenWaldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen , was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen....
(1471–1508) - Ansbach and BayreuthPrincipality of AnsbachThe Principality of Ansbach or Brandenburg-Ansbach was a reichsfrei principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on the Bavarian city of Ansbach...
- Frederick IFrederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-AnsbachFrederick I of Ansbach and Bayreuth was born at Ansbach as the eldest son of the Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg by his second wife Anna, daughter of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony. His elder half-brother was the Elector Johann Cicero of Brandenburg...
, Burgrave and Prince of Ansbach and BayreuthPrincipality of AnsbachThe Principality of Ansbach or Brandenburg-Ansbach was a reichsfrei principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on the Bavarian city of Ansbach...
(1486–1541) - Margraviate of Baden-Baden - Christopher IChristopher I, Margrave of Baden-BadenChristopher I of Baden was a Margrave of Baden-Baden in 1475–1515.Christopher was the eldest son of Charles I, Margrave of Baden-Baden and Katharina of Austria, a sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. He built the New Castle and moved there in 1479. In 1515 he divided his possessions...
(1475–1515) - Duchy of Bavaria-Dachau - Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria (1467–1501)
- Duchy of Bavaria-Landshut - George, Duke of Bavaria-LandshutBavaria-Landshut-History:The creation of the duchy was the result of the death of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian. In the Treaty of Landsberg 1349, which divided up Louis's empire, his sons Stephen, William, and Albert were to receive jointly Lower Bavaria and the Netherlands. Four years later the inheritance was...
(1479–1503) - Duchy of Bavaria-Munich - Albert IVAlbert IV, Duke of BavariaDuke Albert IV of Bavaria-Munich , , from 1467 Duke of Bavaria-Munich, from 1503 Duke of the reunited Bavaria.-Biography:...
, Duke of Bavaria-MunichBavaria-Munich-History:After the death of Stephen II in 1375, his sons Stephen III, Frederick, and John II jointly ruled Bavaria-Landshut. After seventeen years, the brothers decided to formally divide their inheritance. John received Bavaria-Munich, Stephen received Bavaria-Ingolstadt, while Frederick kept...
(1465–1504) - Bentheim-BentheimBentheim-BentheimBentheim-Bentheim was a County of southeastern Lower Saxony, Germany. The borders of Bentheim-Bentheim by 1806 were the modern borders of the District of Bentheim. It was one of the original partitions of the County of Bentheim in 1277, and it partitioned between itself and Bentheim-Steinfurt in 1454...
- Eberwin, Count of Bentheim-BentheimBentheim-BentheimBentheim-Bentheim was a County of southeastern Lower Saxony, Germany. The borders of Bentheim-Bentheim by 1806 were the modern borders of the District of Bentheim. It was one of the original partitions of the County of Bentheim in 1277, and it partitioned between itself and Bentheim-Steinfurt in 1454...
(1473–1530) - Bentheim-LingenBentheim-LingenBentheim-Lingen was a County based around Lingen in Germany. Bentheim-Lingen emerged as a partition of Bentheim-Tecklenburg in 1450, and was absorbed by Spain in 1555...
- Nicholas III, Count of Bentheim-LingenBentheim-LingenBentheim-Lingen was a County based around Lingen in Germany. Bentheim-Lingen emerged as a partition of Bentheim-Tecklenburg in 1450, and was absorbed by Spain in 1555...
(1493–1508) - Bentheim-SteinfurtBentheim-SteinfurtBentheim-Steinfurt was a County of Germany, located in northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia in the region surrounding Steinfurt. Bentheim-Steinfurt was a partition of Bentheim-Bentheim...
- Arnold II, Count of Bentheim-SteinfurtBentheim-SteinfurtBentheim-Steinfurt was a County of Germany, located in northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia in the region surrounding Steinfurt. Bentheim-Steinfurt was a partition of Bentheim-Bentheim...
(1498–1544) - Bentheim-TecklenburgBentheim-TecklenburgBentheim-Tecklenburg was a German district based in the region around Tecklenburg in northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Bentheim-Tecklenburg emerged as a partition of the County of Bentheim in 1277, and was partitioned between itself and Bentheim-Lingen in 1450. Count Conrad converted his...
- Otto VIII, Count of Bentheim-TecklenburgBentheim-TecklenburgBentheim-Tecklenburg was a German district based in the region around Tecklenburg in northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Bentheim-Tecklenburg emerged as a partition of the County of Bentheim in 1277, and was partitioned between itself and Bentheim-Lingen in 1450. Count Conrad converted his...
(1493–1526) - Kingdom of BohemiaKingdom of BohemiaThe Kingdom of Bohemia was a country located in the region of Bohemia in Central Europe, most of whose territory is currently located in the modern-day Czech Republic. The King was Elector of Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, whereupon it became part of the Austrian Empire, and...
- Vladislav II (1471–1516) - Electorate of Brandenburg
- John Cicero (1486–1499)
- Joachim I Nestor (1499–1535)
- Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen - Johann Rode von WaleJohann Rode von WaleJohann Rode von Wale was a Catholic cleric, a Doctor of Canon and Civil Law, a chronicler, a long-serving government official and as John III Prince-archbishop of Bremen between 1497 and...
(1497–1511) - Brunswick and Lunenburg
- Duchy of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Calenberg line' - Eric II (1495–1540)
- Duchy of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Grubenhagen line -
- Henry IVHenry IV, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenDuke Henry IV of Brunswick Grubenhagen was a member of the Guelph dynasty and was Prince of Brunswick-Grubenhagen.- Life :...
(1464–1526) - Philip IPhilip I, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenPhilip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen was a member of the House of Guelph. He was ruler of the Principality of Grubenhagen. He was the second son of Duke Albert II of Grubenhagen and his wife Elizabeth, née Countess of Waldeck. Philip was the last member of the Grubenhagen line to use the...
(1496–1551)
- Henry IV
- Duchy of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Wolfenbüttel linePrincipality of Brunswick-WolfenbüttelThe Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, whose history was characterised by numerous divisions and reunifications. Various dynastic lines of the House of Welf ruled Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806...
- Henry VIII (1495–1514)
- BurgundyFranche-ComtéFranche-Comté the former "Free County" of Burgundy, as distinct from the neighbouring Duchy, is an administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France...
- Philip IV, Duke and Free Count of Burgundy (1482–1506) - County of Castell -
- George I (1498–1528)
- John VII (1498–1500)
- Wolfgang I (1498–1546)
- Duchy of ClevesDuchy of ClevesThe Duchy of Cleves was a State of the Holy Roman Empire. It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and the town of Wesel, bordering the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of Brabant in the west...
- John IIJohn II, Duke of ClevesJohn II, "The Pious" or "The Babymaker", Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark, was a son of John I, Duke of Cleves and Elizabeth of Nevers. He ruled Cleves from 1481 to his death in 1521...
(1481–1521) - East FrisiaEast FrisiaEast Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....
- Edward I, Count of East FrisiaEast FrisiaEast Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....
(1491–1528) - County of Fürstenberg -
- Henry IX (1484–1499)
- Wolfgang (1499–1509)
- Duchy of Gelders - Charles (1492–1538)
- Hanau-Babenhausen - Philip II, Count of Hanau-Babenhausen (1480–1504)
- Hanau-Münzenberg - Philip I, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (1452–1500)
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) -
- William I (1471–1500)
- William II (1471–1500)
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg - William IIIWilliam III, Landgrave of HesseWilliam III "the Younger", Landgrave of Hesse ruled on the part of the county known as Upper Hesse, with residence in Marburg....
(1483–1500) - Hohenlohe-Neuenstein - Kraft VII, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1472–1503)
- Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Weikersheim - John II, Count of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Weikersheim (1497–1509)
- Hohenzollern - Eitel Frederick II, Count of Hohenzollern (1488–1512)
- Duchy of Holstein - Frederick IFrederick I of DenmarkFrederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian...
(1490–1533) and John I (1481–1513) in condominial rule - Isenburg-BüdingenIsenburg-BüdingenIsenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse, Germany, located in Büdingen. There were two different Counties of the same name. The first was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg, and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511. The second was a partition of...
- Louis II, Count of Isenburg in BüdingenIsenburg-BüdingenIsenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse, Germany, located in Büdingen. There were two different Counties of the same name. The first was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg, and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511. The second was a partition of...
(1461–1511) - Duchy of Jülich-Berg - William IVWilliam IV, Duke of Jülich-BergWilliam IV of Jülich-Berg was the last ruler of the Duchy of Jülich-Berg.- Life :William was the son of Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg and Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg. When his father died in 1475, William became Duke of Jülich-Berg.He married the rich Countess Elisabeth of Nassau-Saarbrücken in...
(1475–1511) - Leiningen-Apremont - Hesso, Count of Leiningen-Apremont (1495–1530)
- Leiningen-Dachsburg-Hartenburg - Emich VIII, Count of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Hartenburg (1495–1535)
- Leiningen-Rickingen -
- Herman, Count of Leiningen-Rickingen (1473–1506)
- Wecker, Count of Leiningen-Rickingen (1473–1499)
- Leiningen-WesterburgLeiningen-WesterburgLeiningen-Westerburg was an historic state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the vicinity of Leiningen and Westerburg in what is now the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate....
- Reinhard V, Count of Leiningen-WesterburgLeiningen-WesterburgLeiningen-Westerburg was an historic state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the vicinity of Leiningen and Westerburg in what is now the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate....
(1481–1522) - Limburg-Styrum
- John III, Count of Limburg-Styrum (1473–1510)
- Adolph, Count of Limburg-Styrum (1493–1505)
- LippeLippeLippe is a Kreis in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe....
- Bernard VII, Lord of LippeLippeLippe is a Kreis in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe....
(1432–1511) - Duchy of Lorraine - René IIRené II, Duke of LorraineRené II was Count of Vaudémont from 1470, Duke of Lorraine from 1473, and Duke of Bar from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the Kingdom of Naples and the County of Provence as the Duke of Calabria 1480–1493 and as King of Naples and Jerusalem 1493–1508...
, Duke of Lorraine and Bar (1473–1508) - LöwensteinLöwensteinLöwenstein is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was first mentioned in 1123. The castle of Löwenstein served as a residence for the counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim. In 1634 the castle was destroyed by the imperial forces....
- Louis I, Count of LöwensteinLöwensteinLöwenstein is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was first mentioned in 1123. The castle of Löwenstein served as a residence for the counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim. In 1634 the castle was destroyed by the imperial forces....
(1476–1524) - Lower Isenburg -
- James, Count of Lower Isenburg (1486–1503)
- Gerlach II, Count of Lower Isenburg (1490–1502)
- Mansfeld-Hinter-Ort - Albert VII, Count of Mansfeld-Hinter-Ort (1486–1560)
- Mansfeld-Mittel-Ort - Gebhard VII, Count of Mansfeld-Mittel-Ort (1486–1558)
- Mansfeld-Querfurt, 2nd Line - Volrad II, Count of Mansfeld-Querfurt, 2nd Line (1450–1499)
- Mansfeld-Vorder-Ort -
- Günther IV, Count of Mansfeld-Vorder-Ort (1484–1526)
- Ernest II, Count of Mansfeld-Vorder-Ort (1484–1531)
- Hoyer IV, Count of Mansfeld-Vorder-Ort (1484–1540)
- Duchy of Mecklenburg
- Mangus II (1483–1503)
- BalthasarBalthasar, Duke of MecklenburgBalthasar of Mecklenburg was Duke of Mecklenburg, Coadjutor and administrator of the Diocese of Hildesheim and the Diocese of Schwerin from 1474 to 1479....
(1483–1507)
- Nassau-Beilstein -
- Henry IV, Count of Nassau-Beilstein (1477–1499)
- John IV, Count of Nassau-Beilstein (1499–1513)
- Nassau-Beilstein-Liebenscheid - Bernard, Count of Nassau-Beilstein-Liebenscheid (1499–1506)
- Nassau-Dillenburg -
- Engelbert II, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1475–1504)
- John V, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1475–1516)
- Nassau-Idstein - Philip, Count of Nassau-Idstein (1480–1509)
- Nassau-SaarbrückenNassau-SaarbrückenNassau-Saarbrücken was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Upper Rhenish Circle. It belonged to the Walram branch of the House of Nassau.-County of Saarbrücken:...
- John Louis, Count of Nassau-SaarbrückenNassau-SaarbrückenNassau-Saarbrücken was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Upper Rhenish Circle. It belonged to the Walram branch of the House of Nassau.-County of Saarbrücken:...
(1472–1545) - Nassau-Weilburg - Louis I, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1480–1523)
- Nassau-Wiesbaden - Adolph III, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden (1480–1509)
- County of Oldenburg -
- Gerhard II (1483–1512)
- John IV (1483–1526)
- Adolph (1483–1500)
- OrangeHouse of Orange-NassauThe House of Orange-Nassau , a branch of the European House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands — and at times in Europe — since William I of Orange organized the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule, which after the Eighty Years' War...
- John II, Prince of Orange (1482–1502) - Ortenburg-NeuortenburgOrtenburg-NeuortenburgOrtenburg-Neuortenburg was a minor county and Imperial State in present-day Lower Bavaria, Germany. It was located on the lands around Ortenburg Castle, about west of Passau...
- Ulrich II, Count of Ortenburg-NeuortenburgOrtenburg-NeuortenburgOrtenburg-Neuortenburg was a minor county and Imperial State in present-day Lower Bavaria, Germany. It was located on the lands around Ortenburg Castle, about west of Passau...
(1495–1524) - Palatinate-MosbachPalatinate-MosbachPalatinate-Mosbach was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Mosbach and Eberbach in the north of modern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.Palatinate-Mosbach was created in 1410 out of the partition of the Palatinate after the death of King Rupert III for his son Otto...
- Otto II, Count Palatine of MosbachPalatinate-MosbachPalatinate-Mosbach was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Mosbach and Eberbach in the north of modern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.Palatinate-Mosbach was created in 1410 out of the partition of the Palatinate after the death of King Rupert III for his son Otto...
(1461–1499) - Palatinate-SimmernPalatinate-SimmernPalatinate-Simmern was one of the collateral lines of the Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach.The Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach was divided into four lines after the death of Rupert III in 1410, including the line of Palatinate-Simmern with its capital in Simmern. This line...
- John I, Count Palatine of SimmernPalatinate-SimmernPalatinate-Simmern was one of the collateral lines of the Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach.The Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach was divided into four lines after the death of Rupert III in 1410, including the line of Palatinate-Simmern with its capital in Simmern. This line...
(1480–1509) - Palatinate-ZweibrückenPalatinate-ZweibrückenPalatinate-Zweibrücken is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its capital was Zweibrücken.-Overview:→ History before 1394 see main article County of Zweibrücken→ History before 1444 see main article County of Veldenz...
- Alexander, Duke of ZweibrückenPalatinate-ZweibrückenPalatinate-Zweibrücken is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its capital was Zweibrücken.-Overview:→ History before 1394 see main article County of Zweibrücken→ History before 1444 see main article County of Veldenz...
(1489–1514) - Palatine Electorate - PhilipPhilip, Elector PalatinePhilip the Upright, Elector Palatine of the Rhine was an Elector Palatine of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach from 1476 to 1508....
, Elector Palatine (1476–1508) - PyrmontBad Pyrmont-External links:* * -Multimedia:*...
- Frederick, Count of PyrmontBad Pyrmont-External links:* * -Multimedia:*...
(1494–1535) - Reuss-Greiz -
- Henry I, Bailiff of Reuss-Greiz (1475–1502)
- Henry II, Bailiff of Reuss-Greiz (1475–1528)
- Henry III, Bailiff of Reuss-Greiz (1475–1535)
- Reuss-LobensteinReuss-LobensteinReuss-Lobenstein was a state located in the German part of the Holy Roman Empire. The members of Reuss-Lobenstein family belonged to the Reuss Junior Line. Reuss-Lobenstein has existed on two different occasions, it was firstly created in 1425 as a lordship with Heinrich II, Lord of...
- Henry II, Bailiff of Reuss-LobensteinReuss-LobensteinReuss-Lobenstein was a state located in the German part of the Holy Roman Empire. The members of Reuss-Lobenstein family belonged to the Reuss Junior Line. Reuss-Lobenstein has existed on two different occasions, it was firstly created in 1425 as a lordship with Heinrich II, Lord of...
(1482–1500) - Reuss-Plauen - Henry II, Bailiff of Reuss-Plauen (1482–1520)
- Reuss-Weida - Henry II, Bailiff of Reuss-Weida (? - 1510)
- Saarwerden - John V, Count of Saarwerden (1491–1501)
- Salm-Badenweiler - John VI, Algrave of Salm-Badenweiler (1451–1505)
- Salm-Blankenburg - Louis, Altgrave of Salm-Blankenburg (1494–1503)
- Salm-Dhaun - Philip, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun (1499–1521)
- Salm-KyrburgSalm-KyrburgSalm-Kyrburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire located in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, one of the various partitions of Salm. It was twice created: the first time as a Wild- and Rhinegraviate , and secondly as a Principality...
- John VII, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-KyrburgSalm-KyrburgSalm-Kyrburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire located in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, one of the various partitions of Salm. It was twice created: the first time as a Wild- and Rhinegraviate , and secondly as a Principality...
(1499–1531) - Salm-Reifferscheid - Peter, Altgrave of Salm-Reifferscheid (1479–1505)
- Duchy of SavoyDuchy of SavoyFrom 1416 to 1847, the House of Savoy ruled the eponymous Duchy of Savoy . The Duchy was a state in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, with some territories that are now in France. It was a continuation of the County of Savoy...
- Philibert IIPhilibert II, Duke of SavoyPhilibert II , surnamed the Handsome or the Good, was the Duke of Savoy from 1497 until his death.-Biography:...
(1497–1499) - Saxe-Lauenburg - John IVJohn V, Duke of Saxe-LauenburgJohn V of Saxe-Lauenburg was the eldest son of Duke Bernard II of Saxe-Lauenburg and Adelheid of Pomerania-Stolp , daughter of Duke Bogislaus VIII of Pomerania-Stolp...
, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1463–1507) - Electorate of SaxonyElectorate of SaxonyThe Electorate of Saxony , sometimes referred to as Upper Saxony, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire. It was established when Emperor Charles IV raised the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg to the status of an Electorate by the Golden Bull of 1356...
- Frederick IIIFrederick III, Elector of SaxonyFrederick III of Saxony , also known as Frederick the Wise , was Elector of Saxony from 1486 to his death. Frederick was the son of Ernest, Elector of Saxony and his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Albert III, Duke of Bavaria...
(1486–1525) - Saxony - Albertinian LineSaxonyThe Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
- AlbertAlbert, Duke of SaxonyAlbert III was a Duke of Saxony. He was nicknamed Albert the Bold or Albert the Courageous and founded the Albertine line of the House of Wettin....
, Duke of Saxony - Albertinian LineSaxonyThe Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
(1485–1500) - SaynSaynSayn was a mediæval German County located in the Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia. There were two Counties of Sayn: the first County emerged in 1139. It became closely associated with the County of Sponheim early in its existence. Count Henry II was notable for being accused of...
-- Gerhard III, Count of SaynSaynSayn was a mediæval German County located in the Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia. There were two Counties of Sayn: the first County emerged in 1139. It became closely associated with the County of Sponheim early in its existence. Count Henry II was notable for being accused of...
(1493–1506) - John V, Count of SaynSaynSayn was a mediæval German County located in the Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia. There were two Counties of Sayn: the first County emerged in 1139. It became closely associated with the County of Sponheim early in its existence. Count Henry II was notable for being accused of...
(1498–1529)
- Gerhard III, Count of Sayn
- Sayn-WittgensteinSayn-WittgensteinSayn-Wittgenstein was a county of mediæval Germany, located in the Sauerland of eastern North Rhine-Westphalia. Sayn-Wittgenstein was created when Count Salentin of Sayn-Homburg married the heiress Countess Adelaide of Wittgenstein in 1345...
-- William I, Count of Sayn-WittgensteinSayn-WittgensteinSayn-Wittgenstein was a county of mediæval Germany, located in the Sauerland of eastern North Rhine-Westphalia. Sayn-Wittgenstein was created when Count Salentin of Sayn-Homburg married the heiress Countess Adelaide of Wittgenstein in 1345...
(1494–1570) - John VI, Count of Sayn-WittgensteinSayn-WittgensteinSayn-Wittgenstein was a county of mediæval Germany, located in the Sauerland of eastern North Rhine-Westphalia. Sayn-Wittgenstein was created when Count Salentin of Sayn-Homburg married the heiress Countess Adelaide of Wittgenstein in 1345...
(1494–1551)
- William I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein
- Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg -
- John I, Count of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg (1464/1498–1527)
- Anthony, Count of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg (1474–1526)
- Otto III, Count of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg (1492–1510)
- Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, Elder Line -
- Henry XXX, Count of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, Elder Line (1488–1524)
- Henry XXXI, Count of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, Elder Line (1493–1499)
- Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, Younger Line - Günther XXXIX, Count of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, Younger Line (1493–1531)
- Schwarzburg-Leutenberg - Balthasar II, Count of Schwarzburg-Leutenberg (1463–1525)
- Solms-BraunfelsSolms-BraunfelsSolms-Braunfels was a County in what is today the federal Land of Hesse in Germany.Solms-Braunfels was a partition of Solms, and was raised to a Principality in 1742. Solms-Braunfels was partitioned between: itself and Solms-Ottenstein in 1325; itself and Solms-Lich in 1409; and itself,...
- Otto II, Count of Solms-BraunfelsSolms-BraunfelsSolms-Braunfels was a County in what is today the federal Land of Hesse in Germany.Solms-Braunfels was a partition of Solms, and was raised to a Principality in 1742. Solms-Braunfels was partitioned between: itself and Solms-Ottenstein in 1325; itself and Solms-Lich in 1409; and itself,...
(1459–1504) - Solms-Lich - Philip, Count of Solms-Lich (1477–1544)
- StolbergStolberg- Towns in Germany :* Stolberg, Saxony-Anhalt in the district of Sangerhausen in Saxony-Anhalt, seat of the counts of Stolberg* Stolberg in the district of Aachen in North Rhine-Westphalia, part of the Duchy of Jülich until 1794, awarded to Prussia in 1815* Stollberg, in the Erzgebirgskreis in the...
- Henry XIX, Count of StolbergStolberg- Towns in Germany :* Stolberg, Saxony-Anhalt in the district of Sangerhausen in Saxony-Anhalt, seat of the counts of Stolberg* Stolberg in the district of Aachen in North Rhine-Westphalia, part of the Duchy of Jülich until 1794, awarded to Prussia in 1815* Stollberg, in the Erzgebirgskreis in the...
(1455–1511) - Sulz and Klettgau: Rudolph V, Landgrave of Sulz and Klettgau (1493–1535)
- Upper Salm - John VI, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Upper Salm and Dhaun-Kyrburg (1495–1499)
- Waldeck-Eisenberg - Philip II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1475–1524)
- Waldeck-Wildungen - Henry VIII, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1475–1513)
- WertheimWertheimWertheim may refer to:* Wertheim vacuum cleaner, a brand of vacuum cleaner* Wertheim am Main, Baden-Württemberg, Germany* Wertheim , a chain of German department stores...
: Michael II, Count of WertheimWertheimWertheim may refer to:* Wertheim vacuum cleaner, a brand of vacuum cleaner* Wertheim am Main, Baden-Württemberg, Germany* Wertheim , a chain of German department stores...
(1496–1521) - Wertheim-Freudenberg - Asmus, Count of Wertheim-Freudenberg (1482–1509)
- WiedWiedWied was a County of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located on the river Wied where it meets the Rhine. Wied emerged as a County earlier than many other German states. From 1243–1462, Wied was united with an Isenburgian County as Isenburg-Wied. Wied was partitioned twice: between itself and...
-- William III, Count of WiedWiedWied was a County of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located on the river Wied where it meets the Rhine. Wied emerged as a County earlier than many other German states. From 1243–1462, Wied was united with an Isenburgian County as Isenburg-Wied. Wied was partitioned twice: between itself and...
(1487–1526) - John II, Count of WiedWiedWied was a County of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located on the river Wied where it meets the Rhine. Wied emerged as a County earlier than many other German states. From 1243–1462, Wied was united with an Isenburgian County as Isenburg-Wied. Wied was partitioned twice: between itself and...
(1487–1533)
- William III, Count of Wied
- Duchy of Württemberg - Ulrich I (1498–1519)
- Zweibrücken-Lichtenberg -
- Simon VI Wecker, Count of Zweibrücken-Lichtenberg (1464–1499)
- Simon VII Wecker, Count of Zweibrücken-Lichtenberg (1464–1504)
- Reinhard, Count of Zweibrücken-Lichtenberg (1499–1532)
- Zweibrücken-Ochsenstein -
- Henry II, Count of Zweibrücken-Ochsenstein (1453–1499)
- George, Count of Zweibrücken-Ochsenstein (1499–1559)
- Principality of Anhalt-Dessau -
- Kingdom of HungaryKingdom of HungaryThe Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
- Ulászló II (1490–1516) - Kingdom of LeónKingdom of LeónThe Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in AD 910 when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the peninsula shifted their capital from Oviedo to the city of León...
- Isabella I of CastileIsabella I of CastileIsabella I was Queen of Castile and León. She and her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon brought stability to both kingdoms that became the basis for the unification of Spain. Later the two laid the foundations for the political unification of Spain under their grandson, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor...
(1474–1504) - Grand Duchy of LithuaniaGrand Duchy of LithuaniaThe Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 12th /13th century until 1569 and then as a constituent part of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1791 when Constitution of May 3, 1791 abolished it in favor of unitary state. It was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic...
- Alexander JagiellonAlexander JagiellonAlexander of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jagiellon...
(1492–1506) - Ottoman (Turkish) EmpireOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
- Beyazid II (1481–1512) - Kingdom of PolandKingdom of Poland (1385–1569)The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state created by the accession of Jogaila , Grand Duke of Lithuania, to the Polish throne in 1386. The Union of Krewo or Krėva Act, united Poland and Lithuania under the rule of a single monarch...
- John I Olbracht (1492–1501) - Kingdom of PortugalKingdom of PortugalThe Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...
- Manuel IManuel I of PortugalManuel I , the Fortunate , 14th king of Portugal and the Algarves was the son of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, , by his wife, Infanta Beatrice of Portugal...
(1495–1521) - Grand Duchy of MoscowGrand Duchy of MoscowThe Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
- Ivan IIIIvan III of RussiaIvan III Vasilyevich , also known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus"...
(1462–1505) - Kingdom of ScotlandKingdom of ScotlandThe Kingdom of Scotland was a Sovereign state in North-West Europe that existed from 843 until 1707. It occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shared a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England...
- James IVJames IV of ScotlandJames IV was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stewart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended with the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden Field, where he became the last monarch from not only Scotland, but also from all...
(1488–1513) - Kingdom of Sweden - John I of DenmarkJohn I of DenmarkJohn, also known as Hans; né Johannes was King of Denmark , Norway and as John II of Sweden in the Kalmar Union, and also Duke of Schleswig and Holstein...
(1497–1501) - Republic of VeniceRepublic of VeniceThe Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
- Agostin Barbarigo, Doge of Venice (1486–1501)
Middle East and North Africa
- Mamluk Sultanate of EgyptMamluk Sultanate (Cairo)The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt was the final independent Egyptian state prior to the establishment of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1805. It lasted from the overthrow of the Ayyubid Dynasty until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. The sultanate's ruling caste was composed of Mamluks, Arabised...
- Qansuh (1498–1500)