List of ichthyosaurs - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This list of ichthyosaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

that have ever been included in the order Ichthyosauria or the parent clade Ichthyopterygia

Ichthyopterygia

Ichthyopterygia was a designation introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1840 to designate the Jurassic ichthyosaurs that were known at the time, but the term is now used more often for both true Ichthyosauria and their more primitive early and middle Triassic ancestors.Basal ichthyopterygians were...

, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium

Nomen dubium

In zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application...

), or were not formally published (nomen nudum

Nomen nudum

The phrase nomen nudum is a Latin term, meaning "naked name", used in taxonomy...

), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered ichthyopterygian. Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygians shall be noted as such.

Scope and terminology

There is no official, canonical list of ichthyosaur genera but one of the most thorough attempts can be found at the "Ichthyosauromorpha" section of Mikko Haaramo's Phylogeny Archive.

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals...

. Technical terms used include:

Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
Nomen nudum
Nomen nudum
The phrase nomen nudum is a Latin term, meaning "naked name", used in taxonomy...

(Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen. In this case, these nomina nuda will be deleted from this list in favor of the published name.
Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
Nomen dubium
Nomen dubium
In zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application...

(Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The List

Genus	Authors	Year	Status	Age	Location	Notes
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Actiosaurus Actiosaurus Actiosaurus is an extinct genus of reptile first described by Henri Sauvage in 1883. Little is known of it, and it is considered a nomen dubium. Originally described as a dinosaur, it is now widely considered to be an ichthyosaur. The type species is A. gaudryi .-External links:*....	Sauvage	1883 1883 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:-New taxa:...	Disputed.		Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
Aegirosaurus Aegirosaurus Aegirosaurus is an extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe.-Discovery and species:...	Bardet Fernández	2000 2000 in paleontology -Newly named insects:-Newly named placoderms:-Amphibians:-Ichthyosaurs:-Newly named crurotarsans:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr...	Valid.	uJ.	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .	A 2 meter long ophthalmosaurid whose remains were discovered in the Solnhofen limestone Solnhofen limestone The Solnhofen Plattenkalk is a Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätte that preserves a rare assemblage of fossilized organisms, including highly detailed imprints of soft bodied organisms such as sea jellies... and mistaken for a new Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic of Europe . It is among the best known ichthyosaur genera, with the Order Ichthyosauria being named after it... species. In 2000 2000 in paleontology -Newly named insects:-Newly named placoderms:-Amphibians:-Ichthyosaurs:-Newly named crurotarsans:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr... scientists concluded that the fossil Fossil Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past... material should be assigned to a new genus.
Anhuisaurus	Chen	1985 1985 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-References:...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Preoccupied by lizard genus Anhuisaurus Hou, 1974. Junior synonym of Chaohusaurus Chaohusaurus Chaohusaurus geishanensis was an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile, from the Early Triassic of Chaohu, China. It has also been called Anhuisaurus and Chensaurus. It was described by Young and Dong in 1972... .
Arthropterygius Arthropterygius Arthropterygius is an ichthyosaur which existed in Canada during the late Jurassic period. It contains the type species Arthropterygius chrisorum, named in 2010 by Erin E. Maxwell. Arthropterygius is the generic replacement name for Ophthalmosaurus chrisorum, named in 1993 from fossils found on ...	Maxwell	2010 2010 in paleontology -Anomalocaridids:-Newly named crustaceans:-Newly named insects:* A new family, Cascopleciidae, is published by Poinar Jr.* A new family of ceraphronoid Hymenopters, Radiophronidae, is published by Ortega-Blanco, Rasnitsyn, and Delclòs....	Valid.	uJ.	North America North America North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
Athabascasaurus Athabascasaurus Athabascasaurus is an extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from the Alberta of Canada.-Description:Athabascasaurus is known from the holotype TMP 2000.29.01, articulated nearly complete postcranial skeleton and nearly complete skull preserved in dorsal view, missing the premaxilla...	Druckenmiller Maxwell	2010 2010 in paleontology -Anomalocaridids:-Newly named crustaceans:-Newly named insects:* A new family, Cascopleciidae, is published by Poinar Jr.* A new family of ceraphronoid Hymenopters, Radiophronidae, is published by Ortega-Blanco, Rasnitsyn, and Delclòs....	Valid.	lK.	North America North America North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
Barracudasauroides Barracudasauroides Barracudasauroides is a genus of mixosaurid ichthyosaur which lived during the Middle Triassic. Fossils of this genus have been found in Guizhou Province, China. It is known from GMPKU-P-1033, a partial skeleton recovered from the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation of Yangjuan village, Xinmin...	Maisch	2010 2010 in paleontology -Anomalocaridids:-Newly named crustaceans:-Newly named insects:* A new family, Cascopleciidae, is published by Poinar Jr.* A new family of ceraphronoid Hymenopters, Radiophronidae, is published by Ortega-Blanco, Rasnitsyn, and Delclòs....	Valid.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .	Asia Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
Besanosaurus Besanosaurus Besanosaurus is a genus of large ichthyosaur that lived during the middle Triassic period, approximately 235 million years ago. This marine reptile came from the family Shastasauridae and was named by Dal Sasso and Pinna in 1996...	Dal Sasso Pinna	1996 1996 in paleontology -Newly named crustaceans:-Dinosaurs:* In the summer excavation resumed on the Talkeetna Mountains Hadrosaur, discovered in a quarry near the Glenn Highway, approximately 150 miles northeast of Anchorage.-Newly named dinosaurs:...	Valid.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .
Brachypterygius Brachypterygius Brachypterygius is a genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from England and European Russia. Brachypterygius was named by Friedrich von Huene in 1922 and the type species is therefore Brachypterygius extremus. The holotype of B. extremus is known from Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic of...	von Huene	1922 1922 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	uJ.	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .	A uJ Ophthalmosaurid closely related to Platypterygius Platypterygius Platypterygius was an ichthyosaur of the family Ophthalmosauridae. It is most closely related to the genera Caypullisaurus and Brachypterygius.-Discovery and species:... and Caypullisaurus Caypullisaurus Caypullisaurus is an extinct genus of large ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous of Argentina. Its holotype was collected from the Vaca Muerta Formation of Cerro Lotena, Neuquen, dating to the early Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic, about 150 million years ago... . Fossil Fossil Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past... s have been found in England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental... and Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... an Russia Russia Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects... .
Californosaurus Californosaurus Californosaurus perrini was an ichthyosaur, an extinct reptile, from the Lower Hosselkus Limestone of California. It has also been known as Shastasaurus perrini and Delphinosaurus perrini. It is the basal-most known true ichthyosaur...	Kuhn	1934 1934 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	uT.	N. America North America North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas... .	A 3 meter teretocnemid who is also the basal-most known Euichthyosaurian. Its remains were first recovered from the Carnian Carnian The Carnian is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic series . It lasted from about 228.7 till 216.5 million years ago . The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian... Lower Hosselkus Limestone of California. Californosaurus has also been known as Shastasaurus perrini Shastasaurus Shastasaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the middle and late Triassic, and is the largest marine reptile that has yet been found. Specimens have been reported from the United States, Canada, and China... and Delphinosaurus perrini.
Callawayia Callawayia Callawayia is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur. It contains the species Callawayia neoscapularis and C. altispinus....	Maische Matzke	2000 2000 in paleontology -Newly named insects:-Newly named placoderms:-Amphibians:-Ichthyosaurs:-Newly named crurotarsans:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr...	Valid.
Caypullisaurus Caypullisaurus Caypullisaurus is an extinct genus of large ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous of Argentina. Its holotype was collected from the Vaca Muerta Formation of Cerro Lotena, Neuquen, dating to the early Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic, about 150 million years ago...	Fernández	1997 1997 in paleontology -newly named:-Newly named birds:-Dinosaurs:* Paleontologist Karen Chin receives a coprolite that was excavated during 1995 from strata dating back to the Maastrichtian in Saskatchewan, Canada. The specimen was about 17 inches long and contained fragments of bone...	Valid.	uJ. to lK.	S. America South America South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east... .	A large ophthalmosaurid closely related to Platypterygius Platypterygius Platypterygius was an ichthyosaur of the family Ophthalmosauridae. It is most closely related to the genera Caypullisaurus and Brachypterygius.-Discovery and species:... and Brachypterygius Brachypterygius Brachypterygius is a genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from England and European Russia. Brachypterygius was named by Friedrich von Huene in 1922 and the type species is therefore Brachypterygius extremus. The holotype of B. extremus is known from Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic of... . It was discovered in strata dating to the uJ - lK of Argentina Argentina Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires... .
Chacaicosaurus Chacaicosaurus Chacaicosaurus is an extinct genus of long-snouted thunnosaur ichthyosaur known from northwestern Patagonia of Argentina.-Description:Chacaicosaurus is known only from the holotype MOZ 5803, articulated partial skeleton which preserved partial skull and almost complete forefin...	Fernández	1994 1994 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:* Aff. Rebbachisaurus gastroliths documented.* The "Talkeetna Mountains Hadrosaur" specimen was discovered in a quarry being excavated for road material. The quarry is near the Glenn Highway, approximately 150 miles northeast of Anchorage...	Valid.		S. America South America South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east... .	A Bajocian Bajocian In the geologic timescale, the Bajocian is an age or stage in the Middle Jurassic. It lasted from approximately 171.6 Ma to around 167.7 Ma . The Bajocian age succeeds the Aalenian age and precedes the Bathonian age.... genus whose fossil Fossil Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past... s have been found in Argentina Argentina Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires... . Possibly a stenopterygiid.
Chaohusaurus Chaohusaurus Chaohusaurus geishanensis was an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile, from the Early Triassic of Chaohu, China. It has also been called Anhuisaurus and Chensaurus. It was described by Young and Dong in 1972...	Young Dong	1972 1972 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	lT.	Asia Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population... .	A primitive ichthyosaur that retained a lizard-like body discoverered in Chaohu, China. It was also one of the smallest ichthyosaurs, being from 70 to 180 cm long and an estimated weight of 10 kg.
Chensaurus	Mazin Suteethorn Buffetaut Jaeger Helmcke-Ingavat	1991 1991 in paleontology -Birds:* Sankar Chatterjee's discovery of a possible Triassic bird, Protoavis, if genuine, would push avian origins back almost 70 million years. The find ignites controversy over the connection between dinosaurs and birds....	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Chaohusaurus Chaohusaurus Chaohusaurus geishanensis was an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile, from the Early Triassic of Chaohu, China. It has also been called Anhuisaurus and Chensaurus. It was described by Young and Dong in 1972... .
Chonespondylus Chonespondylus Chonespondylus is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur. It was formally described by Leidy in 1868.-External links:* at the Paleobiology Database....	Leidy	1868 1868 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .
Contectopalatus Contectopalatus Contectopalatus was a primitive ichthyosaur, an extinct fish-like marine reptile from the Middle Triassic of Germany. It was originally named Ichthyosaurus atavus , and later Mixosaurus atavus . It was recognised as a valid genus by Maisch and Matzke in 1998, though other authorities argue that it...	Maische Matzke	1998 1998 in paleontology -Amphibians:A. C. Henrici. 1998. A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:321-332-Dinosaurs:...	Disputed.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .	A strange mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... mixosaurid with a high crest of bone on its head and a 5 meter body. It was thought to be a Mixosaurus Mixosaurus Mixosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur. Fossils of Mixosaurus have been found all over the world - China, Timor, Indonesia, Italy, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Canada, Alaska, and Nevada. It was named in 1887 by George H. Baur... species for some time until given its own genus in 1998 1998 in paleontology -Amphibians:A. C. Henrici. 1998. A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:321-332-Dinosaurs:... . Some experts have felt that the splitting was unjustified.
Cymbospondylus Cymbospondylus Cymbospondylus was a basal early ichthyosaur that lived between the middle and later years of the Triassic period...	Leidy	1868 1868 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	lT. to mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .		One of the largest ichthyosaurs, adults ranged in length from 6 m (18 ft) up to 10 m (30 ft) long. It was one of the least fish-like of the ichthyosaurs, lacking a dorsal fin Dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin located on the backs of various unrelated marine and freshwater vertebrates, including most fishes, marine mammals , and the ichthyosaurs... and fluked tail. Consequently, Cymbospondylus probably swam by wriggling its body from side to side like a modern sea snake.
Delphinosaurus	Merriam	1905 1905 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Non-mammalian:...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Californosaurus Californosaurus Californosaurus perrini was an ichthyosaur, an extinct reptile, from the Lower Hosselkus Limestone of California. It has also been known as Shastasaurus perrini and Delphinosaurus perrini. It is the basal-most known true ichthyosaur... .
Eurhinosaurus Eurhinosaurus Eurhinosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic of Europe...	Abel	1909 1909 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data coutersy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-People:...	Valid.	lJ.	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .	A genus exceeding 6 m in length from the Sinemurian Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age or stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic epoch or series. It spans the time between 196.5 ± 2 Ma and 189.6 ± 1.5 Ma... to Toarcian Toarcian The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age or stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 183.0 Ma and 175.6 Ma... of England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental... and Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... . Eurhinosaurus was built like a regular ichthyosaur, with a fish Fish Fish are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups... -like body including a large eyes, dorsal Dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin located on the backs of various unrelated marine and freshwater vertebrates, including most fishes, marine mammals , and the ichthyosaurs... and caudal fins, but had one distinct feature that set it apart from other ichthyosaurs; its upper jaw was twice as long as the lower jaw and covered with sidewards-pointing 'teeth', like a sawfish's.
Eurypterygius	Jaekel	1904 1904 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Non-mammalian:-References:* Brown, B. Stomach stones and food of plesiosaurs, Science, n.s. 20, : 184-185...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic of Europe . It is among the best known ichthyosaur genera, with the Order Ichthyosauria being named after it... .
Excalibosaurus Excalibosaurus Excalibosaurus is a monotypic genus of marine prehistoric fish-like reptiles that lived during the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic period in what is now England...	McGowan	1986 1986 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-Pterosaurs:...	Valid.	lJ.		Lived during the Sinemurian Sinemurian In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age or stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic epoch or series. It spans the time between 196.5 ± 2 Ma and 189.6 ± 1.5 Ma... stage in what is now England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental... . It is characterized by the extreme elongation of the rostrum Rostrum (anatomy) The term rostrum is used for a number of unrelated structures in different groups of animals:*In crustaceans, the rostrum is the forward extension of the carapace in front of the eyes.... , giving the animal a swordfish Swordfish Swordfish , also known as broadbill in some countries, are large, highly migratory, predatory fish characterized by a long, flat bill. They are a popular sport fish of the billfish category, though elusive. Swordfish are elongated, round-bodied, and lose all teeth and scales by adulthood... -like look. Excalibosaurus is known from two skeletons. The holotype Holotype A holotype is a single physical example of an organism, known to have been used when the species was formally described. It is either the single such physical example or one of several such, but explicitly designated as the holotype... was from a juvenile with an estimated body length of 4 m. The estimated body length of the second specimen, discovered in 1996, is 7 m.
Grendelius	McGowan	1976 1976 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Newly named dinosaurs:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Brachypterygius Brachypterygius Brachypterygius is a genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from England and European Russia. Brachypterygius was named by Friedrich von Huene in 1922 and the type species is therefore Brachypterygius extremus. The holotype of B. extremus is known from Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic of... .
Grippia Grippia Grippia is a genus of ichthyosaur, an extinct group of reptiles that resembled dolphins. Fossils have been found along the coasts of Greenland, China, Japan, and Canada; of Early Triassic age. These ichthyosaurs were small; they were 1 - 1.5 m in length...	Wiman	1930 1930 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	lT.	Asia Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population... . Greenland Greenland Greenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe for... . Japan Japan Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south... . N. America North America North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas... .	A small ichthyosaur only 1-1.5 m long, its fossils have been found along the coasts of Greenland Greenland Greenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe for... , China China Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture... , Japan Japan Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south... , and Canada Canada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean... .
Guizhouichthyosaurus Guizhouichthyosaurus Guizhouichthyosaurus is a genus of Ichthyosaur which existed during the lower Carnian stage of the Late Triassic in southwest China. In contains the species Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae. It had been referred to the genus Shastasaurus in the past, but later study showed that it is likely distinct,...	Cao Luo	2000 2000 in paleontology -Newly named insects:-Newly named placoderms:-Amphibians:-Ichthyosaurs:-Newly named crurotarsans:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Shastasaurus Shastasaurus Shastasaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the middle and late Triassic, and is the largest marine reptile that has yet been found. Specimens have been reported from the United States, Canada, and China... .
Himalayasaurus	Young Dong	1972 1972 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Non-mammalian:...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Shonisaurus.
Hudsonelpidia Hudsonelpidia Hudsonelpidia is an extinct genus of small parvipelvian ichthyosaur known from British Columbia of Canada.-Description:Hudsonelpidia is known only from the holotype, a nearly complete skeleton which preserved the skull. It was collected in the Jewitt Spur locality from the Pardonet Formation,...	McGowan	1995 1995 in paleontology -Arachnids:-Insects:-Dinosaurs:* Fossil hunters working on behalf of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum discover a large coprolite from a theropod dinosaur in Maastrichtian strata. In 1997 it is sent to coprolite specialist Karen Chin, who determines that this specimen of fossilized feces was...	Valid.	uT.
Hupehsuchus Hupehsuchus Hupehsuchus was a small genus of marine reptile, about 1 meter long. It was found in the area of Hubei in China. This marine reptile lived in the Olenekian stage of the Early Triassic period. Hupehsuchus was similar to its close cousin, Nanchangosaurus, but differed from it in a number of ways...	Carroll Dong	1991 1991 in paleontology -Birds:* Sankar Chatterjee's discovery of a possible Triassic bird, Protoavis, if genuine, would push avian origins back almost 70 million years. The find ignites controversy over the connection between dinosaurs and birds....	Valid.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .	Asia Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population... .	Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian from the mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... of China People's Republic of China China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres... . The type species Type species In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species... is H. nanchangensis.
Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic of Europe . It is among the best known ichthyosaur genera, with the Order Ichthyosauria being named after it...	De la Beche Conybeare	1821 1821 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:* On 21 June, Gideon Algernon Mantell displays his Iguanodon fossils to the Geological Society, but arouses little interest....	Valid.	lJ.
Isfjordosaurus Isfjordosaurus Isfjordosaurus is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur. It was formally described by Ryosuke Motani in 1999, and contains the species Isfjordosaurus minor.-External links:* at www.biolib.cz....	Motani	1999 1999 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named taxa:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-References:...	Valid.			Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian.
Leptocheirus	Merriam	1903 1903 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data coutersy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-References:...	Valid.
Leptonectes Leptonectes Leptonectes is a genus of ichthyosaur that lived in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic . Fossils have been found in Belgium, England, Germany and Switzerland....	McGowan	1996 1996 in paleontology -Newly named crustaceans:-Dinosaurs:* In the summer excavation resumed on the Talkeetna Mountains Hadrosaur, discovered in a quarry near the Glenn Highway, approximately 150 miles northeast of Anchorage.-Newly named dinosaurs:...	Valid.		Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .	Lived from the Rhaetian Rhaetian The Rhaetian is in geochronology the latest age of the Triassic period or in chronostratigraphy the uppermost stage of the Triassic system. It lasted from 203.6 ± 1.5 to 199.6 ± 0.6 million years ago... to Pliensbachian Pliensbachian The Pliensbachian is an age of the geologic timescale or stage in the stratigraphic column. It is part of the Early or Lower Jurassic epoch or series and spans the time between 189.6 ± 1.5 Ma and 183 ± 1.5 Ma . The Pliensbachian is preceded by the Sinemurian and followed by the Toarcian.The... in what is now Belgium Belgium Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many... , England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental... and Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... .
Leptopterygius	Huene	1922 1922 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	uT. to lJ.
Macgowania Macgowania Macgowania is an extinct genus of parvipelvian ichthyosaur known from British Columbia of Canada.-Description:Macgowania is known only from the holotype ROM 41992 , a partial skeleton which preserved nearly complete skull, almost complete forefin and other postcranial elements...	Motani	1999 1999 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named taxa:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-References:...	Valid.
Macropterygius	Huene	1923 1923 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Aegirosaurus Aegirosaurus Aegirosaurus is an extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe.-Discovery and species:... .
Maiaspondylus Maiaspondylus Maiaspondylus is an extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from Northwest Territories of Canada.-Description:Maiaspondylus is known from the holotype UALVP 45635, a disarticulated but nearly complete skeleton preserved in three dimensions and from the referred materials...	Maxwell Caldwell	2006 2006 in paleontology -Insects:-Tetrapodomorphs:-Newly named temnospondylians:-Newly named amphibians:-Ichthyosaurs:-Newly named basal lepidosauromorphs:-Newly named plesiosaurs:-Newly named squamates:-Newly named crurotarsans:-Newly named dinosaurs:...	Valid.	uK.	N. America North America North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas... .
Merriamia	Boulenger	1904 1904 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Non-mammalian:-References:* Brown, B. Stomach stones and food of plesiosaurs, Science, n.s. 20, : 184-185...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Toretocnemus Toretocnemus Toretocnemus is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur. Its remains have been found in California, U.S.A.... .
Metashastasaurus	Nicholls Manabe	2001 2001 in paleontology -Newly named insects:-Newly named bony fishes:-Newly named amphibians:-Newly named turtles:-Ichthyosaurs:-Newly named basal lepidosauromorphs:-Newly named plesiosaurs:-Newly named sphenodonts:-Newly named basal archosauromorphs:...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Callawayia Callawayia Callawayia is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur. It contains the species Callawayia neoscapularis and C. altispinus.... .
Mikadocephalus Mikadocephalus Mikadocephalus is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur. Its remains have been found in Europe....	Maisch Matzke	1998 1998 in paleontology -Amphibians:A. C. Henrici. 1998. A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:321-332-Dinosaurs:...	Valid.		Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .
Mixosaurus Mixosaurus Mixosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur. Fossils of Mixosaurus have been found all over the world - China, Timor, Indonesia, Italy, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Canada, Alaska, and Nevada. It was named in 1887 by George H. Baur...	Baur	1887 1887 in paleontology -Classification Events:* Harry Govier Seeley divides the Dinosaurs into two taxa based on the configuration of their hip bones. -Newly named dinosaurs:-New taxa:-New taxa:-Paleontologists:...	Valid.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .
Mollesaurus Mollesaurus Mollesaurus is an extinct genus of large ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from northwestern Patagonia of Argentina.-Description:Mollesaurus is known from the holotype MOZ 2282 V, articulated partial skeleton which preserved partial skull and most of the vertebral column...	Fernandez	1999 1999 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named taxa:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-References:...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Ophthalmosaurus Ophthalmosaurus Ophthalmosaurus is an ichthyosaur of the Middle to Late Jurassic period , named for its extremely large eyes. It had a graceful 6 metre long dolphin-shaped body, and its almost toothless jaw was well adapted for catching squid... .
Myopterygius	von Huene	1922 1922 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Syn.			Synonymy of Platypterygius
Nanchangosaurus Nanchangosaurus Nanchangosaurus was a large aquatic reptile native to the middle Triassic of China. It was named after the area in China, Nanchang, where it was found. It was about three feet in length, and probably fed on fish or used its long jaws to probe for aquatic invertebrates...	Wang	1959 1959 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:...	Valid.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .
Nannopterygius Nannopterygius Nannopterygius is a genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic . Fossils have been found in England and Germany....	Huene	1922 1922 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	uJ.	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .	Nannopterygius is a genus Genus In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia... of ophthalmosaurid Ophthalmosauridae Ophthalmosauridae is an extinct family of thunnosaur ichthyosaurs from the Middle Jurassic to the early Late Cretaceous of Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Currently, the oldest known ophthalmosaurid is Mollesaurus from the early Bajocian of Argentina. Named by George H... ichthyosaur Ichthyosaur Ichthyosaurs were giant marine reptiles that resembled fish and dolphins... that lived in from the Kimmeridgian Kimmeridgian In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age or stage in the Late or Upper Jurassic epoch or series. It spans the time between 155.7 ± 4 Ma and 150.8 ± 4 Ma . The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxfordian and precedes the Tithonian.... to Tithonian Tithonian In the geologic timescale the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic epoch or the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic series. It spans the time between 150.8 ± 4 Ma and 145.5 ± 4 Ma... . Fossil Fossil Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past... s have been found in England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental... and Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... .
Omphalosaurus Omphalosaurus Omphalosaurus is an extinct genus of marine reptile from the Early Triassic of Spitsbergen.It has generally been considered an ichthyopterygian until Motani showed that it lacks the basal synapomorphies of Ichthyopterygia. However, Maisch described a new species and restated the affinity with...	Merriam	1906 1906 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:* Apatosaurus gastroliths documented.* Wieland claims to have found stegosaur gastroliths.-Newly named dinosaurs:Data coutersy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-References:...	Valid.	lT.	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .	An extinct Extinction In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point... genus Genus In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia... of marine reptile Marine reptile Marine reptiles are reptiles which have become secondarily adapted for an aquatic or semi-aquatic life in a marine environment.The earliest marine reptiles arose in the Permian period during the Paleozoic era... from Spitsbergen Spitsbergen Spitsbergen is the largest and only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. Constituting the western-most bulk of the archipelago, it borders the Arctic Ocean, the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea... . Is has been considered an ichthyopterygia Ichthyopterygia Ichthyopterygia was a designation introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1840 to designate the Jurassic ichthyosaurs that were known at the time, but the term is now used more often for both true Ichthyosauria and their more primitive early and middle Triassic ancestors.Basal ichthyopterygians were... n, however a study by Motani in 2000 showed that it lacks the basal synapomorphies Synapomorphy In cladistics, a synapomorphy or synapomorphic character is a trait that is shared by two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor, whose ancestor in turn does not possess the trait. A synapomorphy is thus an apomorphy visible in multiple taxa, where the trait in question originates in... of Ichthyopterygia. As such, its exact position in the diapsid Diapsid Diapsids are a group of reptiles that developed two holes in each side of their skulls, about 300 million years ago during the late Carboniferous period. Living diapsids are extremely diverse, and include all crocodiles, lizards, snakes, and tuatara... tree is currently unknown.
Ophthalmosaurus Ophthalmosaurus Ophthalmosaurus is an ichthyosaur of the Middle to Late Jurassic period , named for its extremely large eyes. It had a graceful 6 metre long dolphin-shaped body, and its almost toothless jaw was well adapted for catching squid...	Seeley	1874 1874 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:-New taxa:-Newly named pterosaurs:-new taxa:...	Valid.	mJ Middle Jurassic The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from 176-161 million years ago. In European lithostratigraphy, rocks of this Middle Jurassic age are called the Dogger.... . to uJ.	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... . N. America North America North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas... . S. America South America South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east... .
Otschevia	Efimov	1997 1997 in paleontology -newly named:-Newly named birds:-Dinosaurs:* Paleontologist Karen Chin receives a coprolite that was excavated during 1995 from strata dating back to the Maastrichtian in Saskatchewan, Canada. The specimen was about 17 inches long and contained fragments of bone...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Brachypterygius Brachypterygius Brachypterygius is a genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from England and European Russia. Brachypterygius was named by Friedrich von Huene in 1922 and the type species is therefore Brachypterygius extremus. The holotype of B. extremus is known from Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic of... .
Panjiangsaurus	Chen Chang	2003 2003 in paleontology -New taxa:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-newly named:-Conifers:-Angiosperms:...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Shastasaurus Shastasaurus Shastasaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the middle and late Triassic, and is the largest marine reptile that has yet been found. Specimens have been reported from the United States, Canada, and China... .
Paraophthalmosaurus	Arkhangelsky	1997 1997 in paleontology -newly named:-Newly named birds:-Dinosaurs:* Paleontologist Karen Chin receives a coprolite that was excavated during 1995 from strata dating back to the Maastrichtian in Saskatchewan, Canada. The specimen was about 17 inches long and contained fragments of bone...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Ophthalmosaurus Ophthalmosaurus Ophthalmosaurus is an ichthyosaur of the Middle to Late Jurassic period , named for its extremely large eyes. It had a graceful 6 metre long dolphin-shaped body, and its almost toothless jaw was well adapted for catching squid... .
Parvinatator Parvinatator Parvinatator is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur which existed in the Triassic Period. Its fossils have been found in British Columbia, Canada....	Nicholls Brinkman	1995 1995 in paleontology -Arachnids:-Insects:-Dinosaurs:* Fossil hunters working on behalf of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum discover a large coprolite from a theropod dinosaur in Maastrichtian strata. In 1997 it is sent to coprolite specialist Karen Chin, who determines that this specimen of fossilized feces was...	Valid.			Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian.
Pessopteryx	Wiman	1910 1910 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:* AMNH 5244, a ceratopsian braincase, was found isolated during an American Museum of Natural History Barnum Brown-led expedition.-Newly named dinosaurs:...	Valid.
Pessosaurus Pessosaurus Pessosaurus is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur which existed during the Middle Triassic period....	Wiman	1910 1910 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:* AMNH 5244, a ceratopsian braincase, was found isolated during an American Museum of Natural History Barnum Brown-led expedition.-Newly named dinosaurs:...	Valid.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .
Phalarodon Phalarodon Phalarodon is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur. Its remains have been found in North America and Spitsbergen....	Merriam	1910 1910 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:* AMNH 5244, a ceratopsian braincase, was found isolated during an American Museum of Natural History Barnum Brown-led expedition.-Newly named dinosaurs:...	Valid.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... .	Asia Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population... .
Phantomosaurus Phantomosaurus Phantomosaurus is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur, which existed during the late Anisian period. Fossils of the species Phantomosaurus neubigi have been found in southern Germany....	Maisch Matzke	2000 2000 in paleontology -Newly named insects:-Newly named placoderms:-Amphibians:-Ichthyosaurs:-Newly named crurotarsans:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr...	Valid.
Platypterygius Platypterygius Platypterygius was an ichthyosaur of the family Ophthalmosauridae. It is most closely related to the genera Caypullisaurus and Brachypterygius.-Discovery and species:...	Kuhn	1946	Valid.	uK.
Plutonisaurus	Efimov	1997 1997 in paleontology -newly named:-Newly named birds:-Dinosaurs:* Paleontologist Karen Chin receives a coprolite that was excavated during 1995 from strata dating back to the Maastrichtian in Saskatchewan, Canada. The specimen was about 17 inches long and contained fragments of bone...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Platypterygius Platypterygius Platypterygius was an ichthyosaur of the family Ophthalmosauridae. It is most closely related to the genera Caypullisaurus and Brachypterygius.-Discovery and species:... .
Proteosaurus	Home	1819	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic of Europe . It is among the best known ichthyosaur genera, with the Order Ichthyosauria being named after it... .
Protoichthyosaurus	Appleby	1979 1979 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-References:...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus Ichthyosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic of Europe . It is among the best known ichthyosaur genera, with the Order Ichthyosauria being named after it... .
Qianichthyosaurus Qianichthyosaurus Qianichthyosaurus is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur from the late Triassic period. Its fossils have been found in southeastern China....	Li	1999 1999 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named taxa:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-References:...	Valid.
Sangiorgiosaurus	Brinkmann	1998 1998 in paleontology -Amphibians:A. C. Henrici. 1998. A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:321-332-Dinosaurs:...	Valid.
Shastasaurus Shastasaurus Shastasaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the middle and late Triassic, and is the largest marine reptile that has yet been found. Specimens have been reported from the United States, Canada, and China...	Merriam	1895 1895 in paleontology -Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	mT Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided. It spans the time between 245 ± 1.5 Ma and 228 ± 2 Ma... to uT.	Asia Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population... . Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... . N. America North America North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas... .	Shastasaurus is a genus of ichthyosaur Ichthyosaur Ichthyosaurs were giant marine reptiles that resembled fish and dolphins... from whose remains have been found in United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district... , Canada Canada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean... , Mexico Mexico The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of... , Austria Austria Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the... , Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and... , Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition.... , Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... , Spitsbergen Spitsbergen Spitsbergen is the largest and only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. Constituting the western-most bulk of the archipelago, it borders the Arctic Ocean, the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea... and China China Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture... .
Shonisaurus	Camp	1976 1976 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Newly named dinosaurs:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.	uT.	?Asia Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population... . N. America North America North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas... .	The largest genus Genus In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia... of ichthyosaur Ichthyosaur Ichthyosaurs were giant marine reptiles that resembled fish and dolphins... that has yet been found. Fossil Fossil Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past... s of Shonisaurus were first found in Nevada Nevada Nevada is a state in the western, mountain west, and southwestern regions of the United States. With an area of and a population of about 2.7 million, it is the 7th-largest and 35th-most populous state. Over two-thirds of Nevada's people live in the Las Vegas metropolitan area, which contains its... in 1920. It lived during the Norian Norian The Norian is a division of the Triassic geological period. It has the rank of an age or stage . The Norian lasted from 216.5 ± 2.0 to 203.6 ± 1.5 million years ago. It was preceded by the Carnian and succeeded by the Rhaetian.-Stratigraphic definitions:The Norian was named after the Noric Alps in... stage of the late Triassic Triassic The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Mya . As the first period of the Mesozoic Era, the Triassic follows the Permian and is followed by the Jurassic. Both the start and end of the Triassic are marked by major extinction events... period and had a long pointed mouth that contained teeth only at the front end. S. popularis specimens reached a length of 15 meters (50 feet). A second species, S. sikanniensis, was later discovered in British Columbia British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858... and has an estimated length of 21 meters (70 feet).
Simbirskia	Otschev Efimov	1985 1985 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-References:...	Valid.
Simbirskiasaurus Simbirskiasaurus -External links:* at the Paleobiology Database....	Otschev Efimov	1985 1985 in paleontology -Insects:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-New taxa:-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:-References:...	Valid.	lK.
Stenopterygius Stenopterygius Stenopterygius is an extinct genus of thunnosaur ichthyosaur known from Europe . Maximum length was 4 meters.-Description:...	Jaekel	1904 1904 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Non-mammalian:-References:* Brown, B. Stomach stones and food of plesiosaurs, Science, n.s. 20, : 184-185...	Valid.	lJ.	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .	Lived from the Toarcian Toarcian The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age or stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 183.0 Ma and 175.6 Ma... to Aalenian Aalenian The Aalenian is a subdivision of the Middle Jurassic epoch/series of the geologic timescale that extends from about 175.6 Ma to about 171.6 Ma . It was preceded by the Toarcian and succeeded by the Bajocian.-Stratigraphic definitions:... from England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental... , France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France... , Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... and Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south... . Maximum length was 4 m. One famous fossil is that of a mother and baby that died in childbirth Childbirth Childbirth is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the birth of one or more newborn infants from a woman's uterus... . This proved that ichthyosaur infants were born tail-first, just like cetacea Cetacea The order Cetacea includes the marine mammals commonly known as whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Cetus is Latin and is used in biological names to mean "whale"; its original meaning, "large sea animal", was more general. It comes from Ancient Greek , meaning "whale" or "any huge fish or sea... ns, to prevent them from drowning before fully clearing the birth canal.
Suevoleviathan	Maisch	1998 1998 in paleontology -Amphibians:A. C. Henrici. 1998. A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:321-332-Dinosaurs:...	Valid.
Svalbardosaurus Svalbardosaurus Svalbardosaurus is a genus of ichtyosaurs from Triassic.- External links :*http://paleodb.geology.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=170940...	Mazin	1981 1981 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Plesiosaurs:* Carroll, R. C., 1981, Plesiosaur ancestors from the Upper Permian of Madagascar: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B, v. 293,...	Nomen dubium Nomen dubium In zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application... .	lT.
Sveltonectes Sveltonectes Sveltonectes is an extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from Ul’yanovsk region, western Russia.-Description:Sveltonectes is known from the holotype IRSNB R269, an almost complete three-dimensionally preserved skeleton which preserved partial skull...	Fischer Masure Arkhangelsky Godefroit	2011 2011 in paleontology -Lobopods:-Arachnids:-Insects:-Newly named jawless vertebrates:-Newly named acanthodian:-Newly named cartilaginous fishes:-Newly named bony fishes:-Newly named lepospondyls:-Newly named temnospondyls:-Newly named lissamphibians:...	Valid.	lK.	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .
Temnodontosaurus Temnodontosaurus Temnodontosaurus was an ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic, some 198 and 185 million years ago , in Europe...	Lydekker	1889 1889 in paleontology -Dinosaurs:-New taxa:...	Valid.	lJ.	Europe Europe Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting... .	Lived from the Hettangian Hettangian The Hettangian is the earliest age or lowest stage of the Jurassic period of the geologic timescale. It spans the time between 199.6 ± 0.6 Ma and 196.5 ± 1 Ma . The Hettangian follows the Rhaetian and is followed by the Sinemurian.In Europe stratigraphy the Hettangian is a part of the time span in... to Toarcian Toarcian The Toarcian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, an age or stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic. It spans the time between 183.0 Ma and 175.6 Ma... in England England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental... and Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... . It was a large genus Genus In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia... , exceeded 12 meters (30 ft) in length. Temnodontosaurus eyes were approximately 20 cm (8 in) in diameter making them the largest of any known vertebrate. >-	Thaisaurus Thaisaurus Thaisaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyopterygian which existed in the Triassic period....	Mazin Sutetthorn Buffetaut Jaeger Helmcke-Ignavat	1991 1991 in paleontology -Birds:* Sankar Chatterjee's discovery of a possible Triassic bird, Protoavis, if genuine, would push avian origins back almost 70 million years. The find ignites controversy over the connection between dinosaurs and birds....	Valid.	Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian.
Toretocnemus Toretocnemus Toretocnemus is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur. Its remains have been found in California, U.S.A....	Merriam	1902 1902 in paleontology -Crurotarsi:-Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.-Prolacertiformes:...	Valid.	uT.
Undorosaurus Undorosaurus Undorosaurus is an extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from Ul'yanovsk Province of western Russia.-Description:Undorosaurus is known from the holotype UPM EP-II-20 , a partial three-dimensionally preserved skeleton which preserved partial skull...	Efimov	1997 1997 in paleontology -newly named:-Newly named birds:-Dinosaurs:* Paleontologist Karen Chin receives a coprolite that was excavated during 1995 from strata dating back to the Maastrichtian in Saskatchewan, Canada. The specimen was about 17 inches long and contained fragments of bone...	Jr. synonym.	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Ophthalmosaurus Ophthalmosaurus Ophthalmosaurus is an ichthyosaur of the Middle to Late Jurassic period , named for its extremely large eyes. It had a graceful 6 metre long dolphin-shaped body, and its almost toothless jaw was well adapted for catching squid... .
Utatsusaurus Utatsusaurus Utatsusaurus is the earliest-known form of an ichthyopterygian , which lived in the early Triassic period . Unlike the more advanced ichthyosaurs, Utatsusaurus has no dorsal fin and has a broad skull that tapers slowly toward the snout...	Shikoma	1978 1978 in paleontology Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils...	Valid.	lT.		Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian.
Wimanius	Maisch Matzke	1988 1988 in paleontology -Newly named dinosaurs:Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.* The dubious family, Ornitholestidae is named by Gregory Scott Paul.-New taxa:-Non-mammalian:...	Valid.