1991 in paleontology
Encyclopedia
Birds
- Sankar ChatterjeeSankar ChatterjeeSankar Chatterjee is a paleontologist, and is the Paul W. Horn Professor of Geosciences at Texas Tech University and Curator of Paleontology at the Museum of Texas Tech University. He earned his Ph. D. from the University of Calcutta in 1970 and was a Post-doctoral Fellow at the Smithsonian...
's discovery of a possible TriassicTriassicThe Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Mya . As the first period of the Mesozoic Era, the Triassic follows the Permian and is followed by the Jurassic. Both the start and end of the Triassic are marked by major extinction events...
bird, ProtoavisProtoavisProtoavis is a problematic taxon of archosaurian known from fragmentary remains from Late Triassic Norian stage deposits near Post, Texas. Much controversy remains over the animal, and there are many different interpretations of what Protoavis actually is...
, if genuine, would push avian origins back almost 70 million years. The find ignites controversy over the connection between dinosaurs and birds.
Genera no longer considered to be birds
- ProtoavisProtoavisProtoavis is a problematic taxon of archosaurian known from fragmentary remains from Late Triassic Norian stage deposits near Post, Texas. Much controversy remains over the animal, and there are many different interpretations of what Protoavis actually is...
. The avian status of Protoavis has since been almost universally rejected by paleontologists.
Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George OlshevskyGeorge Olshevsky
George Olshevsky is a freelance editor, writer, publisher, amateur paleontologist, and mathematician living in San Diego, California.Olshevsky maintains the comprehensive online Dinosaur Genera List...
's dinosaur genera list and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.
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Alvarezsaurus Alvarezsaurus Alvarezsaurus is a genus of small alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of Argentina, approximately 86 - 83 million years ago. Estimates suggest that it measured about 2 meters in length and weighed approximately 20 kg... |
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Amargasaurus Amargasaurus Amargasaurus is a genus of dicraeosaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Period of what is now South America. It was small for a sauropod, reaching 10 meters length. It would have been a quadrupedal herbivore with a long, low skull on the end of a long neck, much like its relative... |
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José Bonaparte José Fernando Bonaparte, Ph.D. , is an Argentine paleontologist who discovered a plethora of South American dinosaurs and mentored a new generation of Argentine paleontologists like Rodolfo Coria... |
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Amurosaurus Amurosaurus Amurosaurus is a genus of lambeosaurine hadrosaurid dinosaur found in the latest Cretaceous period of eastern Asia. Like most lambeosaurs, it would have been a primarily bipedal herbivore with a "duckbill" shaped snout and a hollow crest on top of its head, although such a crest has not been found... |
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Andesaurus Andesaurus Andesaurus is a genus of basal titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur which existed during the middle of the Cretaceous Period in South America. Like most sauropods, it would have had a small head on the end of a long neck and an equally long tail... |
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José Bonaparte José Fernando Bonaparte, Ph.D. , is an Argentine paleontologist who discovered a plethora of South American dinosaurs and mentored a new generation of Argentine paleontologists like Rodolfo Coria... |
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Becklespinax Becklespinax Becklespinax is a genus of large theropod dinosaur based on a type specimen of three tall-spined vertebrae found in 1884 in Sussex, England by the fossil collector Samuel H. Beckles. The fossils are believed to have been from the Early Cretaceous.... |
Previously known as Acrocanthosaurus altispinax Acrocanthosaurus Acrocanthosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that existed in what is now North America during the Aptian and early Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Like most dinosaur genera, Acrocanthosaurus contains only a single species, A. atokensis. Its fossil remains are found mainly in the U.S... |
George Olshevsky George Olshevsky is a freelance editor, writer, publisher, amateur paleontologist, and mathematician living in San Diego, California.Olshevsky maintains the comprehensive online Dinosaur Genera List... . |
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“Eureodon” | Junior synonym of Tenontosaurus Tenontosaurus Tenontosaurus is a genus of medium- to large-sized ornithopod dinosaur. The genus is known from the late Aptian to Albian ages of the middle Cretaceous period sediments of western North America, dating between 115 to 108 million years ago... |
Brown vide:
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Euronychodon Euronychodon Euronychodon is the name given to a genus of coelurosaur dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous, described by Miguel Telles Antunes and Denise Sigogneau-Russell in 1991. It is similar to another coelurosaur, Paronychodon.... |
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Janenschia Janenschia Janenschia was a large sauropod from Late Jurassic Africa , and therefore the earliest known titanosaur. Originally thought to be a species of the diplodocid Tornieria/Barosaurus , it was later found to be a distantly related titanosaur. So far, it is only known from Tanzania... |
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“Nuoersaurus” | Nomen nudum Nomen nudum The phrase nomen nudum is a Latin term, meaning "naked name", used in taxonomy... |
Dong Zhiming Dong Zhiming , from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, is one of China's leading paleontologists. He began working at the IVPP in 1962, learning from Yang Zhongjian who was director at the time... |
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“Paraiguanodon” | Junior synonym of Bactrosaurus Bactrosaurus Bactrosaurus is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur that lived in east China during the late Cretaceous, about 70 mya. The position Bactrosaurus occupies in the Cretaceous makes it one of the earliest known hadrosaurs, and although it is not known from a full skeleton, Bactrosaurus is one of the best... |
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Protognathosaurus Protognathosaurus Protognathosaurus is a genus of dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic. It was a sauropod found in what is present-day China. The type species, P. oxyodon, was originally described by Zhang , and was renamed by George Olshevsky in 1991... |
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George Olshevsky George Olshevsky is a freelance editor, writer, publisher, amateur paleontologist, and mathematician living in San Diego, California.Olshevsky maintains the comprehensive online Dinosaur Genera List... |
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"Rioarribasaurus" | Nomen rejectum synonymous with Coelophysis Coelophysis Coelophysis , meaning "hollow form" in reference to its hollow bones , is one of the earliest known genera of dinosaur... |
Maryanska and Halszka Osmólska Halszka Osmólska Halszka Osmólska was a Polish paleontologist who had specialized in Mongolian dinosaurs.She was born in Poznań. A member of the 1965 and 1970 Polish–Mongolian expeditions to the Gobi Desert, she described many finds from these rocks, often with Teresa Maryańska... vide:
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"Seismosaurus" | Junior synonym of Diplodocus Diplodocus Diplodocus , or )is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur whose fossils were first discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston. The generic name, coined by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878, is a Neo-Latin term derived from Greek "double" and "beam", in reference to its double-beamed chevron bones... |
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Tarascosaurus Tarascosaurus Tarascosaurus is a genus of, perhaps abelisaurid, theropod dinosaur from Late Cretaceous of France.After having in 1988 identified an upper jaw bone found near Pourcieux as belonging to a member of the Abelisauridae, French paleontologist Eric Buffetaut reviewed the known remains of larger... |
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Taveirosaurus Taveirosaurus Taveirosaurus is a genus of ornithischian dinosaur that lived in Europe during the Late Cretaceous. The genus is based solely on teeth.... |
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Tochisaurus Tochisaurus Tochisaurus is a genus of small theropod dinosaur. It lived during the Late Cretaceous Period. Its fossils, consisting solely of the metatarsus, were found in Mongolia. The type species is T. nemegtensis, formalized by Kurzanov and Osmólska in 1991... |
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Halszka Osmólska Halszka Osmólska was a Polish paleontologist who had specialized in Mongolian dinosaurs.She was born in Poznań. A member of the 1965 and 1970 Polish–Mongolian expeditions to the Gobi Desert, she described many finds from these rocks, often with Teresa Maryańska... |
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"Ultrasauros" | Chimera Chimera (paleontology) In paleontology, a chimera is a fossil which was reconstructed with elements coming from more than a single species of animal. A now classic example of chimera is Protoavis.-List of paleontological chimeras:*Brontosaurus*Lametasaurus... of Brachiosaurus Brachiosaurus Brachiosaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Jurassic Morrison Formation of North America. It was first described by Elmer S. Riggs in 1903 from fossils found in the Grand River Canyon of western Colorado, in the United States. Riggs named the dinosaur Brachiosaurus altithorax,... and Supersaurus Supersaurus Supersaurus is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur discovered by Vivian Jones of Delta, Colorado, in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Colorado in 1972. The fossil remains came from the Brushy Basin Member of the formation, dating to about 153 million years ago... |
Jim Jensen Jim Jensen Harold James Jensen, usually known as Jim Jensen was a longtime American anchor and reporter, most notably at CBS' flagship station, WCBS-TV in New York.-Background:... vide:
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Valdoraptor Valdoraptor Valdoraptor is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. Its fossils were found in England. It is known only from bones of the feet.... |
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George Olshevsky George Olshevsky is a freelance editor, writer, publisher, amateur paleontologist, and mathematician living in San Diego, California.Olshevsky maintains the comprehensive online Dinosaur Genera List... |
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Velocisaurus Velocisaurus Velocisaurus is a genus of ceratosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous period of Argentina.In 1985 Oscar de Ferrariis and Zulma Gasparini uncovered fossils at Boca del Sapo in Neuquén province of Patagonia from layers of the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, dating from the Santonian. Among them... |
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José Bonaparte José Fernando Bonaparte, Ph.D. , is an Argentine paleontologist who discovered a plethora of South American dinosaurs and mentored a new generation of Argentine paleontologists like Rodolfo Coria... |
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New taxa
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Bennettazhia Bennettazhia Bennettazhia is a genus of pterosaur .In 1928 Charles Gilmore named a new species of Pteranodon: P. oregonensis. A humerus , two fused dorsal vertebrae and the broken-off end of some joint bone had been unearthed from the Lower Cretaceous beds of the Hudspeth Formation in Wheeler County, in the... |
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Non-mammalian
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
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Apsisaurus Apsisaurus Apsisaurus is an extinct genus of Early Permian varanopid synapsid known from Texas of the United States. It was first named by Michel Laurin in 1991 and the type species is Apsisaurus witteri. Apsisaurus witteri is known from the holotype MCZ 1474, a three-dimensionally preserved partial... |
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Lower Permian |
Archer City Formation |
United States |
Formerly assigned as a eosuchian diapsid Diapsid Diapsids are a group of reptiles that developed two holes in each side of their skulls, about 300 million years ago during the late Carboniferous period. Living diapsids are extremely diverse, and include all crocodiles, lizards, snakes, and tuatara... , was restudied an classified as a varanopid synapsid Synapsid Synapsids are a group of animals that includes mammals and everything more closely related to mammals than to other living amniotes. They are easily separated from other amniotes by having an opening low in the skull roof behind each eye, leaving a bony arch beneath each, accounting for their name... . |
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Ctenorhachis Ctenorhachis Ctenorhachis is an extinct genus of the family Sphenacodontidae. Ctenorhachis was related to Dimetrodon, but did not belong to the same subfamily as Dimetrodon and Sphenacodon, being a more basal member of Sphenacodontidae. Ctenorhachis lived in the Early Permian epoch... |
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Upper Permian |
United States |
A sphenacodontid synapsid. |
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