List of Holy Roman Empresses
Encyclopedia
Queen consort
A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king. A queen consort usually shares her husband's rank and holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles. Historically, queens consort do not share the king regnant's political and military powers. Most queens in history were queens consort...
of the Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
. The elective dignity of Holy Roman Emperor was restricted to males only, therefore there was never a Holy Roman Empress regnant, though women such as Theophanu
Theophanu
Theophanu , also spelled Theophania, Theophana or Theophano, was born in Constantinople, and was the wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor.-Family:...
or Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma...
, who controlled the power of rule, served as de facto
De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...
Empresses regnant.
Holy Roman Empresses
Before 924, the title of Emperor was not always associated with the German Kingdom; rather, it was initially associated with the Carolingian dynasty, and then possessed by several other figures of the 9th and 10th centuries. Their consorts were thus Empresses, but not necessarily German Queens.Carolingian
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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| Ermengarde of Hesbaye Ermengarde of Hesbaye Ermengarde of Hesbaye was Queen of the Franks and Holy Roman Empress as the wife of Emperor Louis I. She was Frankish, the daughter of Ingeram, count of Hesbaye, and Hedwig of Bavaria... Queen of the Franks, Empress |
Ingram Ingerman of Hesbaye Ingerman, or Ingram was a Frank and count of Hesbaye. His family is known as Robertians. His family line is not entirely sure, but he was probably the son of a Frank named Rodbert. Robert of Hesbaye and Cancor, founder of the Lorsch Abbey were probably his brothers... , Count of Hesbaye Hesbaye Hesbaye or Haspengouw , is a region spanning the south of the Belgian province of Limburg, the east of the Belgian provinces of Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant, and the northwestern part of the province of Liège.The Limburgish portion contains the cities of Tongeren, Sint-Truiden, Bilzen and... (Robertians) |
c.778 | 794/795 | Queen of Aquitaine 794/795 Queen of the Franks 28 January 814 |
813 husband as co-Emperor with his father/ 28 January 814 husband as sole Emperor |
3 October 818 | Louis I Louis the Pious Louis the Pious , also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781. He was also King of the Franks and co-Emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813... |
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Judith of Bavaria Judith, daughter of Welf Queen Judith , also known as Judith of Bavaria, was the daughter of Count Welf and a Saxon noblewoman named Hedwig, Duchess of Bavaria... Queen of the Franks, Empress |
Welf Welf (father of Judith) Welf I of Altorf was the son of the 9th century Frankish count Rothard of Metz, to whom the sons of Charles Martel entrusted half of Alemannia. Welf was master of several counties in the southern Rhineland & Bavaria. His family became politically powerful when Louis the Pious chose his oldest... , Count of Altdorf (Welfs Elder House of Welf The Elder House of Welf was a dynasty of European rulers in the 9th through 11th centuries to 1055. It consisted of two groups, a Burgundian group and a Swabian group. It is disputed whether the two groups formed one dynasty or whether they shared the same name by coincidence only.-Burgundian... ) |
805 | 819 | 20 June 840 husband's death |
19/23 April 843 | |||
| Ermengarde of Tours Ermengarde of Tours Ermengarde of Tours was the wife of Emperor Lothair I of the Franks. Her father was Hugh of Tours, a member of the Etichonen family, which claimed descent from the Merovingian Kings... Queen of Italy and the Middle Franks, Empress |
Hugh Hugh of Tours Hugh was the count of Tours and Sens during the reigns of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious, until his disgrace in February 828. He was probably a son of Count Haicho of the House of the Etichonen.... , Count of Tours Tours Tours is a city in central France, the capital of the Indre-et-Loire department.It is located on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Touraine, the region around Tours, is known for its wines, the alleged perfection of its local spoken French, and for the... (Etichonids Etichonids The Etichonids were an important noble family, probably of Frankish , Burgundian or Visigothic origin, who rose to dominate the region of Alsace in the Early Middle Ages from the seventh to the tenth centuries.... ) |
? | 821 | Queen of Italy 17 April 818 Queen of Middle Francia August 843 |
821 husband as co-Emperor with his father/ 20 June 840 husband as sole Emperor |
851 | Lothair I Lothair I Lothair I or Lothar I was the Emperor of the Romans , co-ruling with his father until 840, and the King of Bavaria , Italy and Middle Francia... |
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| Engelberga of Parma Engelberga Engelberga was the wife of Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor, from 5 October 851 to his death on 12 August 875. As empress, she exerted a powerful influence over her husband. Her family, the Supponids, prospered during Louis's reign... Queen of Italy, Empress |
Adelchis I Adelchis I of Spoleto Adelchis I or Adelgis I was the Count of Parma by the 830s, of Cremona after 841, and eventually of Brescia. According to some sources, he succeeded to the Duchy of Spoleto in 824. He was a second son of Suppo I and father of Suppo II. His main area of interest was in the Aemilia and eastern... , Count of Parma Parma Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its ham, its cheese, its architecture and the fine countryside around it. This is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world.... (Supponids Supponids The Supponids were a Frankish noble family of prominence in the Carolingian regnum Italicum in the ninth century. They were descended from Suppo I, who appeared for the first time in 817 as a strong ally of the Emperor Louis the Pious... ) |
? | 5 October 851 | Queen of Italy 5 October 851 | 5 October 851 husband as co-Emperor with his father/ 23 September 855 husband as sole Emperor |
12 August 875 husband's death |
896-901 | Louis II Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor Louis II the Younger was the King of Italy and Roman Emperor from 844, co-ruling with his father Lothair I until 855, after which he ruled alone. Louis's usual title was imperator augustus , but he used imperator Romanorum after his conquest of Bari in 871, which led to poor relations with Byzantium... |
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Richilde of Provence Richilde of Provence Richilde of the Ardennes was the second consort of Charles the Bald, King and Emperor of the Franks. By her marriage, she became Queen of the West Franks, and then Empress of the Franks... Queen of the West Franks, Empress |
Bivin Bivin of Gorze Bivin of Gorze was a Frank from the Bosonid-family. He was married to a daughter of Boso the Elder, who may have been called Richildis. During his life he functioned as lay abbot of the Gorze Abbey... , Count of the Ardennes(Bosonids) |
845 | 870 | Queen of the West Franks 870 | 29 December 875 | 5/6 October 877 husband's death |
2 June 910 | Charles the Bald Charles the Bald Charles the Bald , Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia , was the youngest son of the Emperor Louis the Pious by his second wife Judith.-Struggle against his brothers:He was born on 13 June 823 in Frankfurt, when his elder... |
| Richardis Richardis Saint Richardis, also known as Richgard and Richardis of Swabia , was the Holy Roman Empress as the wife of Charles the Fat. She was renowned for her piety.-Life:... Queen of the Franks, Empress |
Erchanger, count of Nordgau(Ahalolfings Ahalolfings The Ahalolfings or Alaholfings were a noble family of Alemannia in the Early Middle Ages. The family rose in the Carolingian Empire to possess lands in not only Alemannia, but Bavaria, Franconia, and Italy. Their original power base was around the upper Neckar and Danube rivers.The Ahalolfings are... ) |
c.840 | 862 | Various | 12 February 881 | As Queen: 11 November 887 husband's deposition as King As Empress: 13 January 888 husband's death |
18 September, 894-896 | Charles the Fat Charles the Fat Charles the Fat was the King of Alemannia from 876, King of Italy from 879, western Emperor from 881, King of East Francia from 882, and King of West Francia from 884. In 887, he was deposed in East Francia, Lotharingia, and possibly Italy, where the records are not clear... |
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| Ageltrude Ageltrude Ageltrude was the Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Italy as wife and mother respectively of Guy and Lambert... Queen of Italy, Empress |
Adelchis Adelchis of Benevento Adelchis was the son of Radelchis I, Prince of Benevento, and successor of his brother Radelgar in 854.It was given to Adelchis to preserve the ancient principality and its independence in the face of repeated assaults by the Saracens from the south, the Emperor Louis II from the north, and... , Prince of Benevento |
? | before 880 | Queen of Italy 889 | May 891 | 12 December 894 husband's death |
27 August 923 | Guy III of Spoleto Guy III of Spoleto Guy of Spoleto , sometimes known by the Italian version of his name, Guido, or by the German version, Wido, was the Margrave of Camerino from 880 and then Duke of Spoleto and Camerino from 883. He was crowned King of Italy in 889 and Holy Roman Emperor in 891... |
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| Ota Ota, wife of Arnulf of Carinthia Ota, also called Oda or Uta was the wife of Arnulf of Carinthia, mother of Louis the Child, and was by marriage Queen of the East Franks and Empress. She was a member of the Conradine Dynasty, the daughter of Berengar, Count of Hesse.Very little is known of Ota... |
Berengar I of Neustria Berengar I of Neustria Berengar I was a 9th-century nobleman of East Francia, a son of Gebhard, Count of Lahngau, and younger brother of Udo. He and his brother were created Margraves of Neustria by Charles the Bald in 861.... (Conradines) |
? | 888 | 22 February 896 | 8 December 899 | 30 November 903 | Arnulf Arnulf of Carinthia Arnulf of Carinthia was the Carolingian King of East Francia from 887, the disputed King of Italy from 894 and the disputed Holy Roman Emperor from February 22, 896 until his death.-Birth and Illegitimacy:... |
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| Anna of Constantinople Queen of Italy and Provence, Empress |
Leo VI the Wise Leo VI the Wise Leo VI, surnamed the Wise or the Philosopher , was Byzantine emperor from 886 to 912. The second ruler of the Macedonian dynasty , he was very well-read, leading to his surname... (Macedonian Macedonian dynasty The Macedonian dynasty ruled the Byzantine Empire from 867 to 1056, following the Amorian dynasty. During this period, the Byzantine state reached its greatest expanse since the Muslim conquests, and the Macedonian Renaissance in letters and arts began. The dynasty was named after its founder,... ) |
885 | around 900 | 900 in Provence (Lower Burgundy) 12 October 900 in Italy |
15/22 Feb 901 | 21 July 905 in the Empire and Italy 912 in Provence |
912 | Louis the Blind Louis the Blind Louis the Blind was the king of Provence from January 11, 887, King of Italy from October 12, 900, and briefly Holy Roman Emperor, as Louis III, between 901 and 905. He was the son of Boso, the usurper king of Provence, and Ermengard, a daughter of the Emperor Louis II. Through his father, he was... |
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| Bertila of Spoleto Bertila of Spoleto Bertila of Spoleto was the wife of Berengar I of Italy, and by marriage Queen consort of Italy and Holy Roman Empress.She was the daughter of Suppo II , and of Bertha . Her paternal grandfather was Adelchis I of Spoleto, second son of Suppo I and father of Suppo II.She married Berengar c. 880,... Queen of Italy, Empress |
Suppo II Suppo II Suppo II was a member of the Supponid family and Engelberga, the wife of Louis II may have been his sister. He was Count of Parma, Asti, and Turin. Along with his cousin, Suppo III, he was the chief lay magnate in Italy during Louis's reign.... , Count of Parma Parma Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its ham, its cheese, its architecture and the fine countryside around it. This is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world.... (Supponids Supponids The Supponids were a Frankish noble family of prominence in the Carolingian regnum Italicum in the ninth century. They were descended from Suppo I, who appeared for the first time in 817 as a strong ally of the Emperor Louis the Pious... ) |
860 | c.880 | Queen of Italy 26 December 887 husband's restoration |
January 915 | before December 915 | Berengar I of Italy Berengar I of Italy Berengar of Friuli was the Margrave of Friuli from 874 until no earlier than 890 and no later than 896, King of Italy from 887 until his death, and Holy Roman Emperor from 915 until his death.Berengar rose to become one of the most influential laymen in the empire of Charles the Fat before he... |
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| Anna of Provence Queen of Italy, Empress |
Louis the Blind Louis the Blind Louis the Blind was the king of Provence from January 11, 887, King of Italy from October 12, 900, and briefly Holy Roman Emperor, as Louis III, between 901 and 905. He was the son of Boso, the usurper king of Provence, and Ermengard, a daughter of the Emperor Louis II. Through his father, he was... , Emperor, King of Provence and Italy (Bosonids) |
- | by December 915 | 7 April 924 husband's death |
after May 930 | ||||
| Picture | Name | House | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
Holy Roman Empresses/German Queens
With the elevation of Otto I of Germany in 962 to the Imperial title, the title 'Roman King/Emperor' became inaliably associated with the Kingdom of Germany - although a King of Germany might not bear the Imperial title, it would eventually become impossible to conceive of a Holy Roman Emperor not being King of Germany. The following were all Queens of Germany as well as Roman Empresses.Ottonian Dynasty
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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Adelaide of Italy Adelaide of Italy Saint Adelaide of Italy , also called Adelaide of Burgundy, was the second wife of Otto the Great, Holy Roman Emperor... |
Rudolph II of Burgundy Rudolph II of Burgundy Rudolph II was king of Upper Burgundy , Lower Burgundy , and Italy . He was the son of Rudolph I, king of Upper Burgundy, and it is presumed that his mother was his father's known wife, Guilla of Provence... (Welf) |
931 | 951 | 2 February 962 (Crowned on this date) | 7 May 973 | 16 December 999 | Otto I Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Otto I the Great , son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of Germany, King of Italy, and "the first of the Germans to be called the emperor of Italy" according to Arnulf of Milan... |
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Theophanu of Byzantium Theophanu Theophanu , also spelled Theophania, Theophana or Theophano, was born in Constantinople, and was the wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor.-Family:... |
Konstantinos Skleros | 960 | 14 April 972 | 14 April 972 husband as co-Emperor with his father/ 7 May 973 husband as sole Emperor Crowned 14 April 972 |
7 December 983 husband's death |
15 June 991 | Otto II Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor Otto II , called the Red, was the third ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty, the son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy.-Early years and co-ruler with Otto I:... |
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Cunigunde of Luxembourg | Siegfried Siegfried of Luxembourg Siegfried is considered the first count of Luxembourg. He was actually count in the Moselgau and the Ardennes. He was also the advocate of the abbeys of Saint-Maximin de Trêves and Saint-Willibrod d'Echternach. He is speculated to be the son of Wigeric of Lotharingia, Count Palatine and Cunigunda... , Count of Luxemburg |
c.975 | c.1000 | 17 June 1002 | 26 April 1014 | 13 July 1024 | 3 March 1033 | Henry II Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor Henry II , also referred to as Saint Henry, Obl.S.B., was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Ottonian dynasty, from his coronation in Rome in 1014 until his death a decade later. He was crowned King of the Germans in 1002 and King of Italy in 1004... |
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
Salian Dynasty
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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Gisela of Swabia Gisela of Swabia Gisela of Swabia was the daughter of Herman II of Swabia and Gerberga of Burgundy. Both her parents were descendents of Charlemagne.-Life:... |
Hermann II, Duke of Swabia (Conradines) |
11 November 995 | 1016 | 8 September 1024 | 26 March 1027 | 4 June 1039 husband's death |
14 February 1043 | Conrad II Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II was Holy Roman Emperor from 1027 until his death.The son of a mid-level nobleman in Franconia, Count Henry of Speyer and Adelaide of Alsace, he inherited the titles of count of Speyer and of Worms as an infant when Henry died at age twenty... |
| Agnes de Poitou Agnes de Poitou Agnes of Poitou, Agnes of Aquitaine or Empress Agnes was Holy Roman Empress and regent of the Holy Roman Empire from 1056 to 1062.-Family:... |
William V, Duke of Aquitaine (Ramnulfids Ramnulfids The Ramnulfids, or the House of Poitiers, were a French dynasty ruling the County of Poitou and Duchy of Aquitaine in the ninth through twelfth centuries. Their power base was Poitou. In the early tenth century, they contested the dominance of northern Aquitaine and the ducal title to the whole... ) |
1025 | 21 November 1043 | 25 December 1046 | 5 October 1056 | 14 December 1077 | Henry III Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor Henry III , called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors... |
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Bertha of Savoy Bertha of Savoy Bertha of Savoy , also called Bertha of Turin, was the first wife of Emperor Henry IV, and was German Queen and Holy Roman Empress. She is buried in the cathedral of Speyer.-Life:... |
Otto, Count of Savoy (Savoy House of Savoy The House of Savoy was formed in the early 11th century in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, it grew from ruling a small county in that region to eventually rule the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until the end of World War II, king of Croatia and King of Armenia... ) |
21 September 1051 | 13 July 1066 | 21 March 1084 | 27 December 1087 | Henry IV Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV was King of the Romans from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until his forced abdication in 1105. He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty and one of the most powerful and important figures of the 11th century... |
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Eupraxia of Kiev Eupraxia of Kiev Eupraxia of Kiev was the daughter of Vsevolod I, Prince of Kiev and second wife of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the sister of Vladimir Monomakh.... |
Vsevolod I, Grand Prince of Kiev Vsevolod I of Kiev Vsevolod I Yaroslavich , ruled as Grand Prince of Kiev from 1078 until his death.-Early life:... (Rurikids) |
1071 | 14 August 1089 | 14 August 1089 | 31 December 1105 husband's deposition |
20 July 1109 | ||
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Matilda of England | Henry I of England Henry I of England Henry I was the fourth son of William I of England. He succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, to become Duke of Normandy in 1106... (Normandy) |
7 February 1101 | 7 January 1114 | 23 May 1125 | 10 September 1167 | Henry V Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V was King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor , the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty. Henry's reign coincided with the final phase of the great Investiture Controversy, which had pitted pope against emperor... |
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| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
House of Supplinburg
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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| Richenza of Northeim Richenza of Northeim Richenza of Northeim was a member of the dynasty of the Counts of Northeim, and a German Empress.She was the daughter of Henry the Fat of Northeim and Gertrud of Brunswick of the Brunonen dynasty.... |
Henry the Fat, Margrave of Frisia | c.1087/89 | c.1100 | 30 August 1125 | 4 June 1133 | 4 December 1137 | 10 June 1141 | Lothair III Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor Lothair III of Supplinburg , was Duke of Saxony , King of Germany , and Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 to 1137. The son of Count Gebhard of Supplinburg, his reign was troubled by the constant intriguing of Frederick I, Duke of Swabia and Duke Conrad of Franconia... |
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| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
House of Hohenstaufen
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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Beatrice Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy Beatrice of Burgundy was the only daughter of Renaud III, Count of Burgundy and Agatha of Lorraine. She was the second wife and Empress of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. Her maternal grandparents were Simon I, Duke of Lorraine and his wife Adelaide of Leuven. Beatrice was active at the... |
Renaud III Renaud III, Count of Burgundy Renaud III , son of Stephen I and Beatrix of Lorraine, was the count of Burgundy between 1127 and 1148. Previously, he had been the count of Mâcon since his father's death in 1102, with his brother, William of Vienne.... , Count of Burgundy |
1143 | 9 June 1156 | 15 November 1184 | Frederick I Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa was a German Holy Roman Emperor. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March, crowned King of Italy in Pavia in 1155, and finally crowned Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV, on 18 June 1155, and two years later in 1157 the term... |
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Constance Constance of Sicily Constance of Hauteville was the heiress of the Norman kings of Sicily and the wife of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor... |
Roger II Roger II of Sicily Roger II was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, later became Duke of Apulia and Calabria , then King of Sicily... , King of Sicily (Hauteville Hauteville family The family of the Hauteville was a petty baronial Norman family from the Cotentin which rose to prominence in Europe, Asia, and Africa through its conquests in the Mediterranean, especially Southern Italy and Sicily... ) |
1154 | 27 January 1186 | 14 April 1191 | 28 September 1197 | 27 November 1198 | Henry VI Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI was King of Germany from 1190 to 1197, Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 to 1197 and King of Sicily from 1194 to 1197.-Early years:Born in Nijmegen,... |
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| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
House of Welf
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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| Beatrix of Swabia | Philip Philip of Swabia Philip of Swabia was king of Germany and duke of Swabia, the rival of the emperor Otto IV.-Biography:Philip was the fifth and youngest son of Emperor Frederick I and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy, daughter of Renaud III, count of Burgundy, and brother of the emperor Henry VI... , King of Germany (Hohenstaufen Hohenstaufen The House of Hohenstaufen was a dynasty of German kings in the High Middle Ages, lasting from 1138 to 1254. Three of these kings were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor. In 1194 the Hohenstaufens also became Kings of Sicily... ) |
1198 | 1209 or 1212 | 1212 | Otto IV Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV of Brunswick was one of two rival kings of the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and emperor from 1209 on. The only king of the Welf dynasty, he incurred the wrath of Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated in 1215.-Early life:Otto was the third son of Henry the... |
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Marie of Brabant | Henry I, Duke of Brabant Henry I, Duke of Brabant Henry I of Brabant , named "The Courageous" Duke of Brabant and Duke of Lower Lotharingia until his death.-Biography:... |
c.1190 | after 19 May 1214 | 5 July 1215 husband's deposition |
May 1260 | |||
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
House of Hohenstaufen
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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| Constance of Aragon | Alfonso II Alfonso II of Aragon Alfonso II or Alfons I ; Huesca, 1-25 March 1157 – 25 April 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1164 until his death. He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was... , King of Aragon |
1179 | 5 August 1209 | 1211-1212 husband as King in opposition/ 5 July 1215 husband unopposed |
22 November 1220 | 23 April 1220 Ceased to be Queen: son elected as King; 23 June 1222 Ceased to be Empress upon death |
Frederick II Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II , was one of the most powerful Holy Roman Emperors of the Middle Ages and head of the House of Hohenstaufen. His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous... |
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Yolande of Brienne | John of Brienne John of Brienne John of Brienne was a French nobleman who became King of Jerusalem by marriage, and ruled the Latin Empire of Constantinople as regent.-Life:... , King of Jerusalem |
1212 | 9 November 1225 | never German Queen | 9 November 1225 | 25 April 1228 | ||
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Isabella of England Isabella of England For Isabella of England, the daughter of Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault, see Isabella de Coucy.Isabella of England, also called Elizabeth was an English princess and, by marriage, Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, and Queen consort of Sicily.-Biography:She was the fourth child but... |
John John of England John , also known as John Lackland , was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death... , King of England |
1214 | 15/20 July 1235 | May 1237 Ceased to be Queen: husband's second son elected as King; 1 December 1241 Ceased to be Empress upon death |
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| Picture | Name | House | Father | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
House of Wittelsbach
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut | William William I, Count of Hainaut William I, Count of Hainaut was Count William III of Avesnes, Count William III of Holland and Count William II of Zeeland from 1304 to his death... of Avesnes House of Avesnes The Avesnes family played an important role during the Middle Ages. The family has its roots in the small village Avesnes-sur-Helpe, in the north of France.... , Count of Hainaut |
1311 | 26 February 1324 | January 1328 | 11 October 1347 | 23 June 1356 | Louis IV Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV , called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the King of Germany from 1314, the King of Italy from 1327 and the Holy Roman Emperor from 1328.... |
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| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
House of Luxemburg
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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| Anna of Świdnica Anna von Schweidnitz Anna of Schweidnitz was Queen of Bohemia, German Queen, and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. She was the third wife of Emperor Charles IV.-Biography:... |
Henry II Henry II of Swidnica Henry II of Świdnica, , was a Duke of Świdnica since 1326 until his death .He was the second and younger son of Duke Bernard of Świdnica by his wife Kunigunde, daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high, Duke of Kuyavia and since 1320 King of Poland.-Life:Henry's exact date of birth is unknown, but was... , Duke of Świdnica Swidnica Świdnica is a city in south-western Poland in the region of Silesia. It has a population of 60,317 according to 2006 figures. It lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, being the seventh largest town in that voivodeship. From 1975–98 it was in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship... |
c. 1339 | 27 May 1353 | 5 April 1355 coronation with husband |
11 July 1362 | Charles IV Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor.... |
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| Elizabeth of Pomerania Elizabeth of Pomerania Elizabeth of Pomerania was the fourth and final wife of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia. Her parents were Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania and Elizabeth of Poland,... |
Bogislav V, Duke of Pomerania Dukes of Pomerania - 10th and 11th century – Dukes of the Slavic Pomeranian tribes :* 1046 mention of Zemuzil * 1113 Gallus Anonymus mentions several dukes of Pomerania: Swantibor, Gniewomir, and an unnamed duke besieged in Kołobrzeg.-Duchy of Pomerania:*1121–1135 Wartislaw I*1135–1155 Ratibor I, ancestor of the... |
1347 | 21 May 1363 | 1 November 1368 coronation |
29 November 1378 husband's death |
14 February 1393 | |||
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Barbara of Cilli | Hermann II, Count of Celje Counts of Celje The Counts of Cilli or Celje represent the most important medieval aristocratic and ruling house with roots and territory in present-day Slovenia.... |
1390 to 1395 | 1408 | 21 July 1411 husband's election |
31 May 1433 husband's coronation |
9 December 1437 husband's death |
11 July 1451 | Sigismund Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg KG was King of Hungary, of Croatia from 1387 to 1437, of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg. He was also King of Italy from 1431, and of Germany from 1411... |
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
House of Habsburg
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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| Leonor of Portugal Eleanor of Portugal, Empress Eleanor of Portugal was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire.She was a Portuguese infanta , daughter of King Edward of Portugal and his wife Leonor of Aragon... |
Edward of Portugal (Aviz House of Aviz The House of Aviz is a dynasty of kings of Portugal. In 1385, the Interregnum of the 1383-1385 crisis ended with the acclamation of the Master of the Order of Aviz, John, natural son of king Peter I and Dona Teresa Lourenço as king... ) |
18 September 1434 | 16 March 1452 | 19 March 1452 husband's coronation |
3 September 1467 | Frederick III Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick the Peaceful KG was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452... |
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Bianca Maria of Milan Bianca Maria Sforza Bianca Maria Sforza was Holy Roman Empress as the second wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest legitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan, by his second wife, Bona of Savoy.... |
Galeazzo Maria, Duke of Milan Galeazzo Maria Sforza Galeazzo Maria Sforza was Duke of Milan from 1466 until his death. He was famous for being lustful, cruel and tyrannical.... (Sforza House of Sforza Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan.-History:The dynasty was founded by Muzio Attendolo , called Sforza , a condottiero from Romagna serving the Angevin kings of Naples... ) |
5 April 1472 | 16 March 1494 | 4 February 1508 husband declared "emperor-elect" |
31 December 1510 | Maximilian I Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky... |
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Isabella of Portugal Isabella of Portugal Isabella of Portugal was a Portuguese Princess and Holy Roman Empress, Duchess of Burgundy, and a Queen Regent/Consort of Spain. She was the daughter of Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon. By her marriage to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Isabella was also Holy Roman Empress and Queen... |
Manuel I of Portugal Manuel I of Portugal Manuel I , the Fortunate , 14th king of Portugal and the Algarves was the son of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, , by his wife, Infanta Beatrice of Portugal... (Aviz House of Aviz The House of Aviz is a dynasty of kings of Portugal. In 1385, the Interregnum of the 1383-1385 crisis ended with the acclamation of the Master of the Order of Aviz, John, natural son of king Peter I and Dona Teresa Lourenço as king... ) |
23 October 1503 | 10 March 1526 | 24 February 1530 husband's coronation |
1 May 1539 | Charles V Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As... |
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Maria of Spain Maria of Spain Archduchess Maria of Austria was the spouse of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary. She was the daughter of Emperor Charles V and twice served as regent of Spain.-Life:... |
Emperor Charles V Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As... (Habsburg) |
21 June 1528 | 13 September 1548 | November 1562 husband's election |
25 July 1564 husband's ascension |
12 October 1576 husband's death |
26 February 1603 | Maximilian II Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II was king of Bohemia and king of the Romans from 1562, king of Hungary and Croatia from 1563, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation from 1564 until his death... |
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Anna of Austria | Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria was ruler of Further Austria including Tirol.-Life account:... (Habsburg) |
4 October 1585 | 4 December 1611 | 13 June 1612 husband's election |
14 December 1618 | Matthias Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor Matthias of Austria was Holy Roman Emperor from 1612, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1608 and King of Bohemia from 1611... |
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Eleonore of Mantua Eleonore Gonzaga For other women of the same name, see Eleanor Gonzaga Eleonora Gonzaga was the second wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen of Germany, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia.- Biography :Born in Mantua in 1598, Eleonora was the youngest daughter of duke... |
Vincenzo I, Duke of Mantua (Gonzaga House of Gonzaga The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708.-History:In 1433, Gianfrancesco I assumed the title of Marquis of Mantua, and in 1530 Federico II received the title of Duke of Mantua. In 1531, the family acquired the Duchy of Monferrato through marriage... ) |
23 September (23 February?) 1598 | 4 February 1622 | 15 February 1637 husband's death |
27 June 1655 | Ferdinand II Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II , a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia , and King of Hungary . His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War.- Life :... |
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Maria Anna of Spain | Philip III of Spain Philip III of Spain Philip III , also known as Philip the Pious, was the King of Spain and King of Portugal and the Algarves, where he ruled as Philip II , from 1598 until his death... (Habsburg) |
18 August 1606 | 20 February 1631 | 22 December 1636 husband's election |
15 February 1637 husband's ascension |
13 May 1646 | Ferdinand III Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III was Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria.-Life:... |
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Maria Leopoldine of Austria Maria Leopoldine of Austria Maria Leopoldine was Holy Roman Empress as the spouse of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor.-Biography:... |
Leopold V, Archduke of Austria Leopold V, Archduke of Austria Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria was the son of Archduke Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, and the younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand II, father of Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Further Austria... (Habsburg) |
6 April 1632 | 2 July 1648 | 7 August 1649 | ||||
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Eleanor of Mantua | Charles II, Duke of Mantua (Gonzaga House of Gonzaga The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708.-History:In 1433, Gianfrancesco I assumed the title of Marquis of Mantua, and in 1530 Federico II received the title of Duke of Mantua. In 1531, the family acquired the Duchy of Monferrato through marriage... ) |
18 November 1630 | 30 April 1651 | 2 April 1657 husband's death |
6 December 1686 | |||
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Margarita Teresa of Spain | Philip IV of Spain Philip IV of Spain Philip IV was King of Spain between 1621 and 1665, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, and King of Portugal until 1640... (Habsburg) |
12 July 1651 | 12 December 1666 | 12 March 1673 | Leopold I Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor | style="float:right;" | Leopold I was a Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and King of Bohemia. A member of the Habsburg family, he was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain. His maternal grandparents were Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria... |
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Claudia Felicitas of Austria Claudia Felicitas of Austria Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria was the eldest daughter of Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria, and his wife Anna de' Medici... |
Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria Ferdinand Charles was the Archduke of Further Austria, including Tyrol, from 1646 to 1662.As the son of Archduke Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici, he took over his mother's governatorial duties when he came of age in 1646. To finance his extravagant living style, he sold goods and entitlements... (Habsburg) |
30 May 1653 | 15 October 1673 | 8 April 1676 | ||||
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Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg was Holy Roman Empress as the spouse of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. Through her marriage, she was also Queen of Bohemia and Hungary, German Queen, and Archduchess of Austria. She served as Interim Regent in 1711... |
Philip William, Elector Palatine (Wittelsbach) |
6 January 1655 | 14 December 1676 | 5 May 1705 husband's death |
19 January 1720 | |||
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Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick | John Frederick, Duke of Calenburg John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg John Frederick was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled over the Principality of Calenberg, a subdivision of the duchy, from 1665 until his death.... (Welf) |
21 April 1673 | 24 February 1699 | 5 May 1705 husband's ascension |
17 April 1711 husband's death |
10 April 1742 | Joseph I Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of the Romans was the elder son of Emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg.... |
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Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was Princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary; and Archduchess of Austria by her marriage to Emperor Charles VI. She was renowned for her delicate beauty and also for being the mother of Empress... |
Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ruled over the Wolfenbüttel subdivision of the duchy from 1731 until his death.... (Welf) |
28 August (28 September?) 1691 | 1 August 1708 | December 1711 husband's election |
20 October 1740 husband's death |
21 December 1750 | Charles VI Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI was the penultimate Habsburg sovereign of the Habsburg Empire. He succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia , Hungary and Croatia , Archduke of Austria, etc., in 1711... |
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| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
House of Wittelsbach
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
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Maria Amalia of Austria Maria Amalia of Austria Maria Amalia of Austria was the younger daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I and Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg... |
Emperor Joseph I Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of the Romans was the elder son of Emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg.... (Habsburg) |
22 October 1701 | 5 October 1722 | 24 January 1742 husband's election |
20 January 1745 husband's death |
11 December 1756 | Charles VII Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII Albert a member of the Wittelsbach family, was Prince-elector of Bavaria from 1726 and Holy Roman Emperor from 24 January 1742 until his death in 1745... |
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House of Habsburg-Lorraine
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Maria Theresa of Austria Maria Theresa of Austria Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma... |
Emperor Charles VI Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI was the penultimate Habsburg sovereign of the Habsburg Empire. He succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia , Hungary and Croatia , Archduke of Austria, etc., in 1711... (Habsburg) |
13 May 1717 | 12 February 1736 | 13 September 1745 husband's election |
18 August 1765 husband's death |
29 November 1780 | Francis I Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor Francis I was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty... |
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Maria Josepha of Bavaria Maria Josepha of Bavaria Maria Josepha , Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, Princess of Bavaria, was the daughter of Charles Albert, Elector of Bavaria and Maria Amalia of Austria and the second wife of Emperor Joseph II... |
Emperor Charles VII Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII Albert a member of the Wittelsbach family, was Prince-elector of Bavaria from 1726 and Holy Roman Emperor from 24 January 1742 until his death in 1745... (Wittelsbach) |
30 March 1739 | 23 January 1765 | 18 August 1765 husband's ascension |
28 May 1767 | Joseph II Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I... |
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Maria Louisa of Spain | Charles III of Spain Charles III of Spain Charles III was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. He was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, the Princess Elisabeth Farnese... (Bourbon House of Bourbon The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma... ) |
24 November 1745 | 5 August 1765 | 30 September 1790 husband's election |
1 March 1792 husband's death |
15 May 1792 | Leopold II Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa... |
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Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies | Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies Ferdinand I reigned variously over Naples, Sicily, and the Two Sicilies from 1759 until his death. He was the third son of King Charles III of Spain by his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony. On 10 August 1759, Charles succeeded his elder brother, Ferdinand VI, as King Charles III of Spain... (Bourbon House of Bourbon The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma... ) |
6 June 1772 | 15 August 1790 | 5 July 1792 husband's election |
6 August 1806 husband's abdication |
13 April 1807 | Francis II Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz... |
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| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Queen | Became Empress | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
See also
- List of Roman Empresses (24 BC–AD 1453).
- List of Austrian Empresses (1804–1918).
- List of German queens
- List of Italian queens
- List of Burgundian consorts