HLA-DR is a MHC class II

MHC class II

MHC Class II molecules are found only on a few specialized cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells, all of which are professional antigen-presenting cells ....

 cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen

Human leukocyte antigen

The human leukocyte antigen system is the name of the major histocompatibility complex in humans. The super locus contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6, and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and...

 complex on chromosome 6 region 6p21.31. The complex of HLA-DR and its ligand, a peptide of 9 amino acids in length or longer, constitutes a ligand for the T-cell receptor (TCR). HLA (human leukocyte antigens) were originally defined as cell surface antigens that mediate graft-versus-host disease

Graft-versus-host disease

Graft-versus-host disease is a common complication after a stem cell transplant or bone marrow transplant from another person . Immune cells in the donated marrow or stem cells recognize the recipient as "foreign". The transplanted immune cells then attack the host's body cells...

, which resulted in the rejection of tissue transplants in HLA-mismatched donors. Identification of these antigens has led to greater success and longevity in organ transplant.

HLA-DR is also involved in several autoimmune conditions, disease susceptibility and disease resistance. It is also closely linked to HLA-DQ

HLA-DQ

HLA-DQ is a cell surface receptor type protein found on antigen presenting cells. DQ is an αβ heterodimer of the MHC Class II type. The α and β chains are encoded by HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1, respectively. These two loci are adjacent to each other on chromosome 6p21.3. Both the α-chain and β-chain...

 and this linkage often makes it difficult to resolve the more causative factor in disease.

HLA-DR molecules are upregulated in response to signalling. In the instance of an infection, the peptide (such as the staphylococcal enterotoxin I peptide) is bound into a DR molecule and presented to a few of a great many T-cell receptors found on T-helper cells. These cells then bind to antigens on the surface of B-cells stimulating B-cell proliferation.

Function

The primary function of HLA-DR is to present peptide antigens, potentially foreign in origin, to the immune system for the purpose of eliciting or suppressing T-(helper)-cell responses that eventually lead to the production of antibodies against the same peptide antigen. Antigen presenting cells (macrophages, B-cells and dendritic cells) are the cells in which DR are typically found. Increased abundance of DR 'antigen' on the cell surface is often in response to stimulation, and, therefore, DR is also a marker for immune stimulation.

Structure

HLA-DR is a αβ heterodimer, cell surface receptor, each subunit contains 2 extracellular domains, a membrane spanning domain and a cytoplasmic tail. Both α and β chains are anchored in the membrane. The N-terminal domain of the mature protein forms an alpha-helix that constitutes the exposed part of the binding groove, the C-terminal cytoplasmic region interact with the other chain forming a beta-sheet under the binding groove spanning to the cell membrane. The majority of the peptide contact positions are in the 1st 80 residues of each chain.

Genetics

The genetics of HLA-DR is complex. HLA-DR is encoded by several loci and several 'genes' of different function at each locus. The DR α-chain is encoded by the HLA-DRA

HLA-DRA

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRA gene. HLA-DRA encodes the alpha subunit of HLA-DR. Unlike the alpha chains of other Human MHC class II molecules, the alpha subunit is practically invariable...

 locus. Unlike the other DR loci functional variation in mature DRA gene products is absent. (Note: see table Number of Variant Alleles HLA-DR Loci- reduces the potential functional combinations from ~1400 to ~400 (table is not exact because new alleles are continually being added not all new alleles are functional variants of the mature subunits)).

28 (of 75) Most common DR-DQ haplotypes in Caucasian Americans

DR	DR-DQ	DR	DQ		Freq
Serotype	haplotype	B1	A1	B1	%
DR1	DR1-DQ5	0101	0101	0501	9.	1
		0102	0101	0501	1.	4
		0103	0101	0501	0.	5
DR3	DR3-DQ2	0301	0501	0201	13.	1
DR4	DR4-DQ7	0401	0300	0301	5.	4
		0407	0300	0301	0.	9
	DR4-DQ8	0401	0300	0302	5.	0
		0402	0300	0302	1.	0
		0403	0300	0302	0.	4
		0404	0300	0302	3.	9
		0405	0300	0302	0.	3
DR7	DR7-DQ2	0701	0201	0202	11.	1
	DR7-DQ9	0701	0201	0303	3.	7
DR8	DR8-DQ4	0801	0401	0402	2.	2
	DR8-DQ7	0803	0601	0301	0.	1
DR9	DR9-DQ9	0901	0300	0303	0.	8
DR10	DR10-DQ5	1001	0104	0501	0.	7
DR11	DR11-DQ7	1101	0505	0301	5.	6
		1103	0505	0301	0.	3
		1104	0505	0301	2.	7
DR12	DR12-DQ7	1201	0505	0301	1.	1
DR13	DR13-DQ6	1301	0103	0603	5.	6
		1302	0102	0604	3.	4
		1302	0102	0609	0.	7
	DR13-DQ7	1303	0505	0301	0.	7
DR14	DR14-DQ5	1401	0104	0503	2.	0
DR15	DR15-DQ6	1501	0102	0602	14.	2
		1502	0103	0602	0.	7
DR16	DR16-DQ5	1601	0102	0502	1.	0

The DR β-chain is encoded by 4 loci, however no more
than 3 functional loci are present in a single individual, and no more than two on a single chromosome. Sometimes an individual may only possess 2 copies of the same locus,
DRB1*. The HLA-DRB1

HLA-DRB1

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-9 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR.- Function :...

 locus is ubiquitous and encodes a very large number of functionally variable gene products (HLA-DR1

HLA-DR1

HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

 to HLA-DR17

HLA-DR17

HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

). The HLA-DRB3 locus encodes the HLA-DR52

HLA-DR52

HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. There are 3 allele groups that can produce 35 isoforms.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution...

 specificity, is moderately variable and is variably associated with certain HLA-DRB1

HLA-DRB1

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-9 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR.- Function :...

 types. The HLA-DRB4 locus encodes the HLA-DR53

HLA-DR53

HLA-DR53 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB4 locus. There are 13 alleles at this locus that encode 7 proteins.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution. and the DRB4 locus presence is linked to HLA-DR7...

 specificity, has some variation, and is associated with certain HLA-DRB1

HLA-DRB1

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-9 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR.- Function :...

 types. The HLA-DRB5 locus encodes the HLA-DR51

HLA-DR51

HLA-DR51 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the antigens encoded by the minor DR locus HLA-DRB5.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution...

 specificity, which is typically invariable, and is linked to the HLA-DR2

HLA-DR2

HLA-DR2 of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group...

 types.

• linkage (See Table)
  • DQA1 and DQB1
    HLA-DQ
    HLA-DQ is a cell surface receptor type protein found on antigen presenting cells. DQ is an αβ heterodimer of the MHC Class II type. The α and β chains are encoded by HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1, respectively. These two loci are adjacent to each other on chromosome 6p21.3. Both the α-chain and β-chain...
    
    
    • Linkage disequilibrium exists for many DR-DQ
      HLA DR3-DQ2
      HLA DR3-DQ2 is double serotype that specifically recognizes cells from individuals who carry a multigene HLA DR, DQ haplotype.Certain HLA DR and DQ genes have known involvementin autoimmune diseases. DR3-DQ2, a multigene...
      
       types.
  • Nomenclature issues. Some older studies may refer to DR15 or 16 as DR2 and DQ5 and DQ6 as DQ1 therefore a haplotype DR2-DQ1 is usually referring to DR15-DQ6 but could be referring to DR16-DQ5. DR5 is used to refer to DR11 and DR12, in which case DQ3 might be used. In these instances DQ3 almost always can be interpreted as DQ7, but DR5 is most often DR11 and less frequently DR12. Similar issues exist for DR6 versus DR13 and DR14. DR6-DQ1 can refer to either DR13-DQ6 or less frequently DR14-DQ5, but DR6-DQ3 or DR6-DQ7 generally refers to DR13-DQ7. Even older literature has more confusing designations. By looking at the change of disease association with improved testing we can see how science has evolved over time.

style = "font-size:90%" | Number of Variant Alleles HLA-DR Loci

HLA-DR
HLA	-A1	-B1	-B3 to -B51	Potential
Locus	#	#	#	Combinations
Alleles	3	463	74	1635
Unique Polypeptide	2	394	57	902
Contact Variant	1	~300	~30	~330
1DRB3, DRB4, DRB5 have variable presence in humans

Evolution and Allele Frequencies

There is a high level of allelic diversity at HLA DRB1, it is second only to HLA-B locus in number of allelic variants. These two loci are highest sequence variation rate within human genome. This means HLA-DRB1

HLA-DRB1

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-9 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR.- Function :...

 is rapidly evolving, much more rapidly than almost all other protein encoding loci. Much of the variation at HLA DRB1 occurs at peptide contact positions in the binding groove, as a result many of the alleles alter the way the DR binds peptide ligands and changes the repertoire each receptor can bind.
This means that most of the changes are functional in nature, and therefore are under selection. In the HLA region, genes are under heterozygous or balancing selection, although certain alleles appear to be under positive or negative selection, either in the past or present

HLA generally evolve through a process of gene conversion

Gene conversion

Gene conversion is an event in DNA genetic recombination, which occurs at high frequencies during meiotic division but which also occurs in somatic cells. It is a process by which DNA sequence information is transferred from one DNA helix to another DNA helix, whose sequence is altered.It is one...

, which is a form of short distance or 'abortive' genetic recombination

Genetic recombination

Genetic recombination is a process by which a molecule of nucleic acid is broken and then joined to a different one. Recombination can occur between similar molecules of DNA, as in homologous recombination, or dissimilar molecules, as in non-homologous end joining. Recombination is a common method...

. Functional motifs in genes are exchanged to form new alleles, and frequently new, functionally different DR isoforms. HLA-DR represents an extreme example of this. A survey of X-linked loci reveals that most human loci have undergone fixation within the last 600,000 years, and diploid loci have undergone significant proportion of fixation in that period of time.

The level of deep branching at X-linked loci indicates loci were close to fixation or fixed at the end of the human population bottleneck

Population bottleneck

A population bottleneck is an evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing....

 100,000 to 150,000 years ago. The HLA-DR locus represents a major exception to this observation. Based on distribution of major groupings in the human population it is possible to assert that more than a dozen major variants survived the population bottleneck. This observation is supported by the concept of a heterozygous selection coefficient operating on the HLA-DR, and at the HLA-DRB1

HLA-DRB1

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-9 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR.- Function :...

 locus to a greater degree relative to HLA-DQB1

HLA-DQB1

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1, also known as HLA-DQB1, is a human gene and also denotes the genetic locus that contains this gene...

 and HLA-DPB1

HLA-DPB1

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DPB1 gene.-Further reading:...

. Most of the HLA alleles currently present in the human population can be explained by gene conversion between these ancient ancestral types, some that persist into the extant population.

Serogroups

|+ Subpages for DR serotypes
|-
| colspan = "3" | Serotypes of HLA-DRB1

HLA-DRB1

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-9 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR.- Function :...

 gene products
|-
| >

Split antigens |- | HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

>- | HLA-DR2 HLA-DR2 HLA-DR2 of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group...

HLA-DR15 HLA-DR15 HLA-DR15 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1501 to *1505 and *1507 gene products. DR15 is found at high levels from Ireland to Central Asia. frequencies...

HLA-DR16 HLA-DR16 HLA-DR16 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1601, *1602 and *1604 gene products. DR16 is found in the Mediterranean at modest frequencies... >- | HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed to the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease....

HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

HLA-DR18 HLA-DR18 HLA-DR18 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0302 and *0303 gene products. Compared to DR17 which is found at high frequency in Western Europe, DR18 is found more in SE Europe and Central Asia.-Serology:... >- | HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

>- | HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1101 to *1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens.-Serology:...

HLA-DR12 HLA-DR12 HLA-DR12 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1201 to *1203, *1206. DR12 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR11 antigens.-Serology:... >- | HLA-DR6 HLA-DR6 HLA-DR6 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR13 and HLA-DR14 antigen serotypes.-Serology:DR6 serological reactivity is relatively poor compared to other serological tests for DR antigens. Compare to DQ2 or DR7....

HLA-DR13 HLA-DR13 HLA-DR13 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1301 to *13082, *1310 and some other *13 gene products. DR13 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR14 antigens.-Alleles:...

HLA-DR14 HLA-DR14 HLA-DR14 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1401 to *1408, *1410 to *1418, and other *14 gene products. DR14 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR13 antigens.-Alleles:... >- | HLA-DR7 HLA-DR7 HLA-DR7 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0701 to *0705 gene products.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR7 is excellent for *0701. The serology of *0703 to *0705 to *0709, and *0711 to *0714 serotypes is unknown. DRB1*0710N is a null allele. DRB1*0702 nomenclature has been...

>- | HLA-DR8 HLA-DR8 HLA-DR8 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0801 to *0807, and *0810 to *0812 gene products.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR8 is relatively good...

>- | HLA-DR9 HLA-DR9 HLA-DR09 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1001 gene product.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR9 is relatively good. The serology of DRB1*0902 to *0906 serotypes is unknown.-Genetic linkage:...

>- | HLA-DR10 HLA-DR10 HLA-DR10 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1001 gene product.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR10 is relatively good.-By allele:DRB1*1001 is associated with ovarian cancer and invasive squamous cell cervical cancer...

>-

The table provide below links to subpages with information about distribution, genetic
linkage and disease association for the HLA-DR serogroups.

Interlocus DRB Linkage

DRB1 is linked with other DRB loci in 4 ways
|+ DR1 to D17 genetic linkage to DR51, DR52, and DR53
|-
! width = "70px" | non-DRB1 >

linked DRB1 antigens |- ! antigens

antigens |- ! None | align = "center" | DR1

DR8

DR10

>- ! DR51 | align = "center" | DR2

DR15

DR16

>- ! rowspan = "3" | DR52 | align = "center" | DR3

DR17

DR18

>- | DR5

DR11

DR12

>- | DR6

DR13

DR14

>- ! DR53 | align = "center" | DR4

DR7

DR8

DR9 |-

Associated diseases

|+ Diseases associated with HLA-DR and links to DR subpages^*
|-
| colspan = "2" align="center" | Disease >

Associated DR |- | colspan = "2" | alopecia areata Alopecia areata Alopecia areata is a medical condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body, usually from the scalp. Because it causes bald spots on the scalp, especially in the first stages, it is sometimes called spot baldness. In 1–2% of cases, the condition can spread to the entire scalp ...

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

>- | anemia Anemia Anemia is a decrease in number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. However, it can include decreased oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule due to deformity or lack in numerical development as in some other types of hemoglobin...

pernicious

DR15 HLA-DR15 HLA-DR15 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1501 to *1505 and *1507 gene products. DR15 is found at high levels from Ireland to Central Asia. frequencies...

>- | colspan = "2" | antiphospholipid syndrome Antiphospholipid syndrome Antiphospholipid syndrome or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome , often also Hughes syndrome, is an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state caused by antibodies against cell-membrane phospholipids that provokes blood clots in both arteries and veins as well as pregnancy-related complications such as... , primary

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

DR12 HLA-DR12 HLA-DR12 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1201 to *1203, *1206. DR12 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR11 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | aneurysm Aneurysm An aneurysm or aneurism is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel. Aneurysms can commonly occur in arteries at the base of the brain and an aortic aneurysm occurs in the main artery carrying blood from the left ventricle of the heart...

coronary artery

DR16 HLA-DR16 HLA-DR16 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1601, *1602 and *1604 gene products. DR16 is found in the Mediterranean at modest frequencies...

>- | arteritis Arteritis Arteritis is inflammation of the walls of arteries, usually as a result of infection or auto-immune response.-Types:Some disorders have arteritis as their main feature...

Takayasu's

DR16 HLA-DR16 HLA-DR16 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1601, *1602 and *1604 gene products. DR16 is found in the Mediterranean at modest frequencies...

>- | rowspan = "8" | arthritis Arthritis Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints.... , rheumatoid Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints. The process produces an inflammatory response of the synovium secondary to hyperplasia of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development...

juvenile

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

DR14 HLA-DR14 HLA-DR14 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1401 to *1408, *1410 to *1418, and other *14 gene products. DR14 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR13 antigens.-Alleles:...

DR15 HLA-DR15 HLA-DR15 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1501 to *1505 and *1507 gene products. DR15 is found at high levels from Ireland to Central Asia. frequencies... >- | pauciarticular, juv.

DR8 HLA-DR8 HLA-DR8 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0801 to *0807, and *0810 to *0812 gene products.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR8 is relatively good...

>- | Still's disease Still's disease Still's disease can refer to:* Juvenile idiopathic arthritis* Adult-onset Still's disease...

DR12 HLA-DR12 HLA-DR12 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1201 to *1203, *1206. DR12 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR11 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | iritis Iritis Iritis is a form of anterior uveitis and refers to the inflammation of the iris of the eye.-Types:There are two main types of iritis: acute and chronic. They differ in numerous ways....  w/juv. arthritis

DR12 HLA-DR12 HLA-DR12 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1201 to *1203, *1206. DR12 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR11 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | seronegative

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

>- | w/systemic sclerosis

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

>- | lyme disease induced

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

>- | tiopronin intolerance

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

DR11 HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1101 to *1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens.-Serology:...

DR12 HLA-DR12 HLA-DR12 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1201 to *1203, *1206. DR12 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR11 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | rowspan = "2" | cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy, which literally means "heart muscle disease," is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death or both. Cardiomyopathy can often go undetected, making it especially dangerous to...

hypertrophic

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

DR17 HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

>- | T. cruzi induced

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

DR7 HLA-DR7 HLA-DR7 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0701 to *0705 gene products.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR7 is excellent for *0701. The serology of *0703 to *0705 to *0709, and *0711 to *0714 serotypes is unknown. DRB1*0710N is a null allele. DRB1*0702 nomenclature has been...

DR15 HLA-DR15 HLA-DR15 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1501 to *1505 and *1507 gene products. DR15 is found at high levels from Ireland to Central Asia. frequencies...

>- | rowspan = "2" | colitis Colitis In medicine, colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine .Colitides may be acute and self-limited or chronic, i.e...

Crohn's Crohn's disease Crohn's disease, also known as regional enteritis, is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms...

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

>- | ulcerative Ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease . Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the colon , that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores. The main symptom of active disease is usually constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset...

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

>- | rowspan = "2" | diabetes

juvenile (type 1)

DR3 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed to the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease....

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

DR17 HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

DR18 HLA-DR18 HLA-DR18 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0302 and *0303 gene products. Compared to DR17 which is found at high frequency in Western Europe, DR18 is found more in SE Europe and Central Asia.-Serology:... >- | fatty liver (type 2)

DR8 HLA-DR8 HLA-DR8 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0801 to *0807, and *0810 to *0812 gene products.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR8 is relatively good...

>- | encephalomyelitis Encephalomyelitis Encephalomyelitis is a general term for inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, describing a number of disorders:* Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or postinfectious encephalomyelitis, a demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, possibly triggered by vaccination or viral...

rabies vaccine-induced

DR17 HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

>- |encephalopathy Encephalopathy Encephalopathy means disorder or disease of the brain. In modern usage, encephalopathy does not refer to a single disease, but rather to a syndrome of global brain dysfunction; this syndrome can be caused by many different illnesses.-Terminology:...

acute necrotizing

DR52 HLA-DR52 HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. There are 3 allele groups that can produce 35 isoforms.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution...

>- | rowspan = "2" | epilepsy Epilepsy Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain.About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly two out of every three new cases...

childhood

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

>- | infantile/spasm

DR17 HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

>- | heart disease Heart disease Heart disease, cardiac disease or cardiopathy is an umbrella term for a variety of diseases affecting the heart. , it is the leading cause of death in the United States, England, Canada and Wales, accounting for 25.4% of the total deaths in the United States.-Types:-Coronary heart disease:Coronary...

rheumatic

DR16 HLA-DR16 HLA-DR16 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1601, *1602 and *1604 gene products. DR16 is found in the Mediterranean at modest frequencies...

>- | rowspan = "3" | hepatitis Hepatitis Hepatitis is a medical condition defined by the inflammation of the liver and characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. The name is from the Greek hepar , the root being hepat- , meaning liver, and suffix -itis, meaning "inflammation"...

autoimmune

DR2 HLA-DR2 HLA-DR2 of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group...

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

DR17 HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

>- | primary biliary cirrhosis Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary biliary cirrhosis, often abbreviated PBC, is an autoimmune disease of the liver marked by the slow progressive destruction of the small bile ducts within the liver. When these ducts are damaged, bile builds up in the liver and over time damages the tissue. This can lead to scarring,...

DR2 HLA-DR2 HLA-DR2 of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group...

DR8 HLA-DR8 HLA-DR8 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0801 to *0807, and *0810 to *0812 gene products.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR8 is relatively good...

>- | chronic type C

DR11 HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1101 to *1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | colspan = "2" | lichen planus

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

DR10 HLA-DR10 HLA-DR10 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1001 gene product.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR10 is relatively good.-By allele:DRB1*1001 is associated with ovarian cancer and invasive squamous cell cervical cancer...

>- | rowspan = "3" | lupus Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus , often abbreviated to SLE or lupus, is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. As occurs in other autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage... ,

systemic

DR3 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed to the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease....

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

DR52 HLA-DR52 HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. There are 3 allele groups that can produce 35 isoforms.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution...

>- | hydralazine-induced

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

>- | with Sjögren's syndrome Sjögren's syndrome Sjögren's syndrome , also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome", is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva....

DR15 HLA-DR15 HLA-DR15 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1501 to *1505 and *1507 gene products. DR15 is found at high levels from Ireland to Central Asia. frequencies...

>- | lymphadenopathy Lymphadenopathy Lymphadenopathy is a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes." It is, however, almost synonymously used with "swollen/enlarged lymph nodes". It could be due to infection, auto-immune disease, or malignancy....

generalized

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

>- | lymphoma Lymphoma Lymphoma is a cancer in the lymphatic cells of the immune system. Typically, lymphomas present as a solid tumor of lymphoid cells. Treatment might involve chemotherapy and in some cases radiotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation, and can be curable depending on the histology, type, and stage... ,

mycosis fungoides Mycosis fungoides -External links:* * *...

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

>- |colspan = "2" | melioidosis Melioidosis Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by a Gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, found in soil and water. It is of public health importance in endemic areas, particularly in Thailand and northern Australia. It exists in acute and chronic forms. Symptoms may include pain in...

DR16 HLA-DR16 HLA-DR16 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1601, *1602 and *1604 gene products. DR16 is found in the Mediterranean at modest frequencies...

>- | rowspan = "2" | myasthenia Myasthenia -Medical conditions:* Myasthenia gravis* Ocular myasthenia* Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome...

gravis Myasthenia gravis Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatiguability...

DR3 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed to the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease....

DR6 HLA-DR6 HLA-DR6 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR13 and HLA-DR14 antigen serotypes.-Serology:DR6 serological reactivity is relatively poor compared to other serological tests for DR antigens. Compare to DQ2 or DR7....

DR13 HLA-DR13 HLA-DR13 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1301 to *13082, *1310 and some other *13 gene products. DR13 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR14 antigens.-Alleles:...

DR14 HLA-DR14 HLA-DR14 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1401 to *1408, *1410 to *1418, and other *14 gene products. DR14 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR13 antigens.-Alleles:... >- | penicillamine-induced

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

>- | myositis Myositis Myositis is a general term for inflammation of the muscles. Many such conditions are considered likely to be caused by autoimmune conditions, rather than directly due to infection It is also a documented side effect of the lipid-lowering drugs statins and fibrates.Elevation of creatine kinase in...

inflammatory inclusion body

DR17 HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

DR18 HLA-DR18 HLA-DR18 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0302 and *0303 gene products. Compared to DR17 which is found at high frequency in Western Europe, DR18 is found more in SE Europe and Central Asia.-Serology:...

DR52 HLA-DR52 HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. There are 3 allele groups that can produce 35 isoforms.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution...

>- | colspan = "2" | narcolepsy Narcolepsy Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder, or dyssomnia, characterized by excessive sleepiness and sleep attacks at inappropriate times, such as while at work. People with narcolepsy often experience disturbed nocturnal sleep and an abnormal daytime sleep pattern, which often is confused with insomnia...

DR2 HLA-DR2 HLA-DR2 of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group...

DR12 HLA-DR12 HLA-DR12 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1201 to *1203, *1206. DR12 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR11 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | nephritis Nephritis Nephritis is inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys. The word "nephritis" was imported from Latin, which took it from Greek: νεφρίτιδα. The word comes from the Greek νεφρός - nephro- meaning "of the kidney" and -itis meaning "inflammation".... ,

tubulointerstitial

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

>- | nephropathy Nephropathy Nephropathy refers to damage to or disease of the kidney. An older term for this is nephrosis.-Causes:Causes of nephropathy include administration of analgesics, xanthine oxidase deficiency, and long-term exposure to lead or its salts...

IgA-mediated

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

>- | colspan = "2" | polyglandular deficiency syndrome

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

>- |rowspan = "2" | pemphigus Pemphigus Pemphigus is a rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes.In pemphigus, autoantibodies form against desmoglein. Desmoglein forms the "glue" that attaches adjacent epidermal cells via attachment points called desmosomes...

foliaceous

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

>- | vulgaris

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

>- | psoriasis Psoriasis Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis is not contagious. However, psoriasis has been linked to an increased risk of...

vulgaris

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

DR7 HLA-DR7 HLA-DR7 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0701 to *0705 gene products.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR7 is excellent for *0701. The serology of *0703 to *0705 to *0709, and *0711 to *0714 serotypes is unknown. DRB1*0710N is a null allele. DRB1*0702 nomenclature has been...

>- | papillomatosis,

respiratory

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

>- | sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis , also called sarcoid, Besnier-Boeck disease or Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease, is a disease in which abnormal collections of chronic inflammatory cells form as nodules in multiple organs. The cause of sarcoidosis is unknown...

non-chronic

DR17 HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

DR52 HLA-DR52 HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. There are 3 allele groups that can produce 35 isoforms.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution...

>- | rowspan = "4" | sclerosis Sclerosis (medicine) In medicine, sclerosis refers to the stiffening of a structure, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue.Types include:... ,

multiple

DR2 HLA-DR2 HLA-DR2 of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group...

DR15 HLA-DR15 HLA-DR15 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1501 to *1505 and *1507 gene products. DR15 is found at high levels from Ireland to Central Asia. frequencies...

DR53 HLA-DR53 HLA-DR53 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB4 locus. There are 13 alleles at this locus that encode 7 proteins.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution. and the DRB4 locus presence is linked to HLA-DR7...

>- | "bout onset" multiple

DR3 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed to the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease....

>- | systemic

DR4 HLA-DR4 HLA-DR4 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number ofmoderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.-Serology:The serological identification of DR4 is good...

DR11 HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1101 to *1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens.-Serology:...

DR16 HLA-DR16 HLA-DR16 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1601, *1602 and *1604 gene products. DR16 is found in the Mediterranean at modest frequencies...

DR52 HLA-DR52 HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. There are 3 allele groups that can produce 35 isoforms.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution... >- | vulval lichen

DR12 HLA-DR12 HLA-DR12 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1201 to *1203, *1206. DR12 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR11 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | colspan = "2"| schizophrenia

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

>- | rowspan = "11" |susceptibility

leprosy Leprosy Leprosy or Hansen's disease is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Named after physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen, leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions...

DR2 HLA-DR2 HLA-DR2 of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group...

>- | tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...

DR2 HLA-DR2 HLA-DR2 of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group...

>- | ragweed Ra6 allergy

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

>- | asthma, mite sensitive

DR11 HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1101 to *1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | 2ndary infection, AIDS AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus...

DR3 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed to the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease....

>- | aspergillosis Aspergillosis Aspergillosis is the name given to a wide variety of diseases caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. The most common forms are allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary aspergilloma and invasive aspergillosis. Most humans inhale Aspergillus spores every day...

DR15 HLA-DR15 HLA-DR15 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1501 to *1505 and *1507 gene products. DR15 is found at high levels from Ireland to Central Asia. frequencies...

>- | Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi's sarcoma is a tumor caused by Human herpesvirus 8 , also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus . It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi , a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872. It became more widely known as one of the AIDS defining...

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

>- | thyroid carcinomas

DR8 HLA-DR8 HLA-DR8 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0801 to *0807, and *0810 to *0812 gene products.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR8 is relatively good...

DR11 HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1101 to *1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | ovarian/cervical cancer

DR10 HLA-DR10 HLA-DR10 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1001 gene product.-Serology:The serological reaction of DR10 is relatively good.-By allele:DRB1*1001 is associated with ovarian cancer and invasive squamous cell cervical cancer...

DR11 HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1101 to *1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens.-Serology:...

DR15 HLA-DR15 HLA-DR15 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1501 to *1505 and *1507 gene products. DR15 is found at high levels from Ireland to Central Asia. frequencies...

>- | grape induced anaphylaxis

DR11 HLA-DR11 HLA-DR11 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1101 to *1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens.-Serology:...

>- | Chlamydia pneumoniae

DR52 HLA-DR52 HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. There are 3 allele groups that can produce 35 isoforms.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution...

>- | rowspan = "2" | thyroiditis Thyroiditis Thyroiditis is the inflammation of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located on the front of the neck below the laryngeal prominence, and makes hormones that control metabolism.-Classification:...

Hashimoto's

DR3 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed to the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease....

DR5 HLA-DR5 HLA-DR5 is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.-Serology:With the exception of a few DRB1* alleles the reactivity of DR5 is relatively poor.-Disease associations:...

>- | Grave's

DR3 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR3 is composed to the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease....

DR17 HLA-DR17 HLA-DR17 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe...

DR52 HLA-DR52 HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. There are 3 allele groups that can produce 35 isoforms.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution...

>- | uveitis Uveitis Uveitis specifically refers to inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, termed the "uvea" but in common usage may refer to any inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye....

tubulointerstitial

DR1 HLA-DR1 HLA-DR1 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.-Serology:The serology for the most popular DR1 alleles is excellent. The serology for alleles , , , , , , and is unknown.-By serotype:...

External links