Francis Walker (entomologist)
Encyclopedia
Entomology
Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of arthropodology...
, and stirred controversy during his later life as his publications resulted in a huge number of junior synonyms.
Walker was contracted by the British Museum
British Museum
The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its...
between June 1848 and late 1873 to catalogue their insects (except Coleoptera). He was born in Southgate
Southgate, London
Southgate is an area of north London, England, primarily within the London Borough of Enfield, although parts of its western fringes lie within the London Borough of Barnet. It is located around north of Charing Cross. The name is derived from being the south gate to Enfield Chase...
, England on 31 July 1809 and died at Wanstead
Wanstead
Wanstead is a suburban area in the London Borough of Redbridge, North-East London. The main road going through Wanstead is the A12. The name is from the Anglo-Saxon words wænn and stede, meaning "settlement on a small hill"....
, England on 5 October 1874. Walker added an immense amount of material to the collections of the British Museum
Natural History Museum
The Natural History Museum is one of three large museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, England . Its main frontage is on Cromwell Road...
and wrote over 300 scientific papers and notes. He is best known for his catalogues of Orthoptera
Orthoptera
Orthoptera is an order of insects with paurometabolous or incomplete metamorphosis, including the grasshoppers, crickets and locusts.Many insects in this order produce sound by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps...
, Neuroptera
Neuroptera
The insect order Neuroptera, or net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order contains some 6,010 species...
, Homoptera
Homoptera
Homoptera is a deprecated suborder of order Hemiptera; recent morphological studies and DNA analysis strongly suggests that the order is paraphyletic. It was therefore split into the suborders Sternorrhyncha, Auchenorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha....
, Diptera
Diptera
Diptera , or true flies, is the order of insects possessing only a single pair of wings on the mesothorax; the metathorax bears a pair of drumstick like structures called the halteres, the remnants of the hind wings. It is a large order, containing an estimated 240,000 species, although under half...
, Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies . It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...
and Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees and ants. There are over 130,000 recognized species, with many more remaining to be described. The name refers to the heavy wings of the insects, and is derived from the Ancient Greek ὑμήν : membrane and...
. Collaborating with Alexander Henry Haliday
Alexander Henry Haliday
Alexander Henry Haliday, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday and Alexis Heinrich Haliday sometimes Halliday , was an Irish entomologist. He is primarily known for his work on Hymenoptera, Diptera and Thysanoptera, but Haliday worked on all insect orders and on many aspects of entomology.Haliday...
, a lifelong friend, he was one of the first students of the Chalcidoidea. He was also a close friend of John Curtis
John Curtis (entomologist)
John Curtis was an English entomologist and illustrator.-Biography:Curtis was born in Norwich and learned his engraving skills in the workshop of his father, Charles Morgan Curtis...
. Walker was a Fellow of the Entomological Society. Walker's specimens are in the Natural History Museum
Natural History Museum
The Natural History Museum is one of three large museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, England . Its main frontage is on Cromwell Road...
, London, Hope Department of Entomology, University of Oxford, The National Museum of Ireland
Natural History Museum (Ireland)
Ireland's Natural History Museum , often called the Dead Zoo a branch of the National Museum of Ireland, is housed on Merrion Street in Dublin, Ireland...
, Dublin Zoologische Staatssammlung München
Zoologische Staatssammlung München
Zoologische Staatssammlung München or ZSM or The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology is a major German research institution for zoological systematics. With over 20 million zoological specimens it is one of the largest natural history collections in the world. The sections are Entomology,...
and the School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
Family and childhood
Francis Walker was the son of John Walker of Arnos GroveArnos Grove
Arnos Grove is an area in the south west corner of the London Borough of Enfield, England.It sits close to Enfield's borders with two other boroughs: Barnet and Haringey...
a Fellow
Fellow
A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a person, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who are awarded...
of the Royal Society
Royal Society
The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is possibly the oldest such society in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London"...
, the Linnean Society and the Royal Horticultural Society
Royal Horticultural Society
The Royal Horticultural Society was founded in 1804 in London, England as the Horticultural Society of London, and gained its present name in a Royal Charter granted in 1861 by Prince Albert...
.Born into a wealthy and highly educated family Francis spent the years 1816 (when he was seven years old) to 1820 (when he was eleven) in Switzerland at Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
, Lucerne
Lucerne
Lucerne is a city in north-central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of that country. Lucerne is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and the capital of the district of the same name. With a population of about 76,200 people, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland, and...
and Vevey
Vevey
Vevey is a town in Switzerland in the canton Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne.It was the seat of the district of the same name until 2006, and is now part of the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District...
where the family party was joined by Madame de Staël
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein , commonly known as Madame de Staël, was a French-speaking Swiss author living in Paris and abroad. She influenced literary tastes in Europe at the turn of the 19th century.- Childhood :...
, the poet Lord Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, later George Gordon Noel, 6th Baron Byron, FRS , commonly known simply as Lord Byron, was a British poet and a leading figure in the Romantic movement...
and some Swiss naturalists gathered around Nicolas Théodore de Saussure. With his brother Henry (1825–1892), Francis collected butterflies on an ascent of Mount Pilatus
Pilatus (mountain)
Pilatus is a mountain near Lucerne, Switzerland. Jurisdiction over the mountain is divided between the cantons of Obwalden, Nidwalden, and Lucerne...
in 1818 and so was an entomologist at age nine.
In 1840 Walker married Mary Elizabeth Ford.
"Occupation"
In 1834 Walker took up the editorship of the Entomological MagazineEntomological Magazine
The Entomological Magazine is a publication devoted to entomology.The Entomological Magazine was published between September 1832 and October 1838 by the Society of Entomologists of London...
for one year and unpaid and in 1837 he began working on a contract basis for the British Museum
Natural History Museum
The Natural History Museum is one of three large museums on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, England . Its main frontage is on Cromwell Road...
where he remained until 1863. He lived at Arnos Grove and relied on family money for his main income.
Traveller and Alpinist
_(after_a_work_by_harry_fenn)_-_isola_pescatori,_1878.jpg)
- 1830 - An extended trip to France with the entomologist John CurtisJohn Curtis (entomologist)John Curtis was an English entomologist and illustrator.-Biography:Curtis was born in Norwich and learned his engraving skills in the workshop of his father, Charles Morgan Curtis...
establishing a lifelong friendship. They visited FontainebleauFontainebleauFontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department, and it is the seat of the arrondissement of Fontainebleau...
MontpellierMontpellier-Neighbourhoods:Since 2001, Montpellier has been divided into seven official neighbourhoods, themselves divided into sub-neighbourhoods. Each of them possesses a neighbourhood council....
, NantesNantesNantes is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the 6th largest in France, while its metropolitan area ranks 8th with over 800,000 inhabitants....
and VaucluseVaucluseThe Vaucluse is a department in the southeast of France, named after the famous spring, the Fontaine-de-Vaucluse.- History :Vaucluse was created on 12 August 1793 out of parts of the departments of Bouches-du-Rhône, Drôme, and Basses-Alpes...
, sightseeing and collecting insects, particularly Satyridae. The trip ended in JerseyJerseyJersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and... - 1836 - a three-month collecting trip to Lapland with William Christy, Jr. and W.D. Hooker.
- 1848 - ThanetThanetThanet is a local government district of Kent, England which was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, and came into being on 1 April 1974...
- 1849 - with his new bride Elizabeth May a summer in Switzerland. They also went to the Isle of WightIsle of WightThe Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–4 miles off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent...
. - 1857 - collecting and visiting museums in CalaisCalaisCalais is a town in Northern France in the department of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sub-prefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's capital is its third-largest city of Arras....
, RouenRouenRouen , in northern France on the River Seine, is the capital of the Haute-Normandie region and the historic capital city of Normandy. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe , it was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy in the Middle Ages...
, Paris, StrasbourgStrasbourgStrasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
, AixAix-en-ProvenceAix , or Aix-en-Provence to distinguish it from other cities built over hot springs, is a city-commune in southern France, some north of Marseille. It is in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, in the département of Bouches-du-Rhône, of which it is a subprefecture. The population of Aix is...
(for fossil insects), Baden-BadenBaden-BadenBaden-Baden is a spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River, in the region of Karlsruhe...
, HeidelbergHeidelberg-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of...
, WiesbadenWiesbadenWiesbaden is a city in southwest Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse. It has about 275,400 inhabitants, plus approximately 10,000 United States citizens...
, FrankfurtFrankfurtFrankfurt am Main , commonly known simply as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2010 population of 688,249. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010...
, MainzMainzMainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire...
, CologneCologneCologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
, BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
, and Antwerp. Most time was spent in the Black ForestBlack ForestThe Black Forest is a wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. The highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres ....
. - 1861 - North DevonNorth DevonNorth Devon is the northern part of the English county of Devon. It is also the name of a local government district in Devon. Its council is based in Barnstaple. Other towns and villages in the North Devon District include Braunton, Fremington, Ilfracombe, Instow, South Molton, Lynton and Lynmouth...
, - 1863 - in the Lake DistrictLake DistrictThe Lake District, also commonly known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a mountainous region in North West England. A popular holiday destination, it is famous not only for its lakes and its mountains but also for its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth...
- 1865 - North WalesNorth WalesNorth Wales is the northernmost unofficial region of Wales. It is bordered to the south by the counties of Ceredigion and Powys in Mid Wales and to the east by the counties of Shropshire in the West Midlands and Cheshire in North West England...
and Ireland but most of 1865 was spent on the continent, in Paris, GenevaGenevaGeneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
, LucerneLucerneLucerne is a city in north-central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of that country. Lucerne is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and the capital of the district of the same name. With a population of about 76,200 people, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland, and...
, InterlakenInterlakenInterlaken is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland, a well-known tourist destination in the Bernese Oberland.-History:...
, AltdorfAltdorf, SwitzerlandAltdorf is the capital of the Swiss canton of Uri. The municipality covers an area of and is located at a height of above sea-level, to the right of the river Reuss.-Location:...
.He again ascended Mount Pilatus and went to MürrenMürrenMürren is a traditional Walser mountain village in Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, at an elevation of 1,650 m above sea level and unreachable by public road....
, KanderstegKanderstegKandersteg is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located along the valley of the River Kander, west of the Jungfrau massif. It is noted for its spectacular mountain scenery and sylvan alpine landscapes. Tourism is a...
, Oeschinen SeeOeschinen LakeOeschinen Lake is a lake in the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, east of Kandersteg in the Oeschinen valley. At an elevation of , it has a surface area of . Its maximum depth is ....
and climbed to the Gemmi PassGemmi PassGemmi Pass is a high mountain pass across the Bernese Alps connecting Leukerbad in the canton of Valais in Switzerland with Kandersteg in the canton of Bern....
. - 1867 - Col de VozaMont Blanc MassifThe Mont Blanc massif is a mountain range in the western Alps. It is named after Mont Blanc, at 4,810.45 m the highest summit of the Alps. It is located in France , Italy , and Switzerland...
, Mer de GlaceMer de GlaceThe Mer de Glace is a glacier located on the northern slopes of the Mont Blanc massif, in the Alps. At long and deep, it is the longest glacier in France.-Geography:...
, the Tête Noire Pass on the way from Martigny to ChamonixChamonixChamonix-Mont-Blanc or, more commonly, Chamonix is a commune in the Haute-Savoie département in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It was the site of the 1924 Winter Olympics, the first Winter Olympics...
, SionSion, SwitzerlandSion is the capital of the Swiss canton of Valais. it had a population of .Landmarks include the Basilique de Valère and Château de Tourbillon. Sion has an airfield for civilian and military use, which, because of its location in a valley, causes a reasonable amount of noise pollution. FC Sion...
, Great St Bernard Pass, Saint-Maurice, VilleneuveVilleneuve, VaudVilleneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Aigle.-Geography:Villeneuve has an area, , of . Of this area, or 26.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 55.2% is forested...
and Geneva. - 1868 - Isle of ManIsle of ManThe Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...
, HolyheadHolyheadHolyhead is the largest town in the county of Anglesey in the North Wales. It is also a major port adjacent to the Irish Sea serving Ireland....
North WalesNorth WalesNorth Wales is the northernmost unofficial region of Wales. It is bordered to the south by the counties of Ceredigion and Powys in Mid Wales and to the east by the counties of Shropshire in the West Midlands and Cheshire in North West England...
including LlanberisLlanberisLlanberis is a village in Gwynedd, North Wales, lying on the southern banks of Llyn Padarn in Snowdonia. It takes its name from Saint Peris, an early Welsh saint.According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, the population of Llanberis was 1,954...
. - 1870 - LlanberisLlanberisLlanberis is a village in Gwynedd, North Wales, lying on the southern banks of Llyn Padarn in Snowdonia. It takes its name from Saint Peris, an early Welsh saint.According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, the population of Llanberis was 1,954...
and North Wales. - 1872 - Rome, PisaPisaPisa is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa...
, LuccaLuccaLucca is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, situated on the river Serchio in a fertile plainnear the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Lucca...
, FlorenceFlorenceFlorence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
, NaplesNaplesNaples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, SorrentoSorrentoSorrento is the name of many cities and towns:*Sorrento, Italy*Sorrento, Florida, United States*Sorrento, Louisiana, United States*Sorrento, Maine, United States*Sorrento, Victoria, a township on the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria, Australia...
, CapriCapriCapri is an Italian island in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side of the Gulf of Naples, in the Campania region of Southern Italy...
, MilanMilanMilan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, VeniceVeniceVenice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
, Lake ComoLake ComoLake Como is a lake of glacial origin in Lombardy, Italy. It has an area of 146 km², making it the third largest lake in Italy, after Lake Garda and Lake Maggiore...
, Lake MaggioreLake MaggioreLake Maggiore is a large lake located on the south side of the Alps. It is the second largest of Italy and largest of southern Switzerland. Lake Maggiore is the most westerly of the three great prealpine lakes of Italy, it extends for about 70 km between Locarno and Arona.The climate is mild...
. - 1874 - Land's EndLand's EndLand's End is a headland and small settlement in west Cornwall, England, within the United Kingdom. It is located on the Penwith peninsula approximately eight miles west-southwest of Penzance....
and Scilly Isles
Major works
- Monographia ChalciditumMonographia ChalciditumMonographia Chalciditum by Francis Walker, published in two volumes in 1839, was a founding work of entomology, introducing new genera of chalcidoid Hymenoptera later to be ranked as families. The work is a compilation of descriptions published in the Entomological Magazine...
. Hypolitus Balliére, 219, Regent Street, London, J. B. Balliére, 13, Rue d' École de Médecine, Paris, J. and G. Weigel, Leipsig (Leipzig, Germany)(1839) - Insecta Britannica DipteraInsecta Britannica DipteraInsecta Britannica Diptera is a seminal work of entomology by Francis Walker. The most important part of the work was written jointly with Alexander Henry Haliday...
3 vols. London (1851–1856)
Different views of Walker
Walker is notable in the present time for the large number of synonymous taxa he described. A careless taxonomist by today's standards, he often gave more than one name to the same speciesSpecies
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
. In this respect, however, he was no worse than many entomologists of that time; what makes for the more common occurrence of Walker's taxa in synonymy is the sheer volume of this scientist's work.
An unsigned obituary [by J. T. Carrington] in the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (1874, 11: 140–141) began 'More than twenty years too late for his scientific reputation, and after having done an amount of injury almost inconceivable in its immensity, Francis Walker has passed from among us',
Edward Newman (1874, Entomologist, 7: 260–264), in contrast described him as the 'most voluminous and most industrious writer on Entomology this country has ever produced' and said of him 'I never met anyone who possessed more correct, more diversified, or more general information, or who imparted that information to others with greater readiness and kindness'.
Kenneth G.V. Smith (Smith, K. G. V. 1987. Darwin's insects: Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
's entomological notes, with an introduction and comments by Kenneth G. V. Smith. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series. Vol. 14(1): 1-143) says this '[h]is Catalogues of Insects in the British Museum Collections' will always stand as a tribute to his industry. Walker (1836) also described the Diptera from Captain P. P. King's collection made on the first surveying voyage of Adventure and Beagle.Fortunately, many of his descriptions of Darwin's insects will endure because they were of little known groups from little worked regions and most of his types are still in the British Museum (Natural History). For a recent balanced account of this remarkable man see Graham, M. W. R. de V. 1979. "Ambulator": Francis Walker, English Entomologist (1809–1874). Entomologist's Gazette 30: 7–20.
Publication list
- 1833. Monographia chalcidum (continued from page 384). Ent Mag 1(5): 455-466.
- 1834. Monographia chalciditum (continued from p. 39). Ent Mag 2(2): 148-179.
- 1834. Monographia chalciditum (continued from p. 309). Ent Mag 2(4): 340-369.
- 1835. Characters of some undescribed New HollandNew Holland (Australia)New Holland is a historic name for the island continent of Australia. The name was first applied to Australia in 1644 by the Dutch seafarer Abel Tasman as Nova Hollandia, naming it after the Dutch province of Holland, and remained in use for 180 years....
Diptera. Ent Mag 2(5): 468-473. - 1835. Monographia chalciditum (continued from p. 369). Ent Mag 2(5): 476-502.
- 1835. Monographia chalciditum (continued from Vol. II., page 502.). Ent Mag 3(1): 94-97.
- 1836. Monographia chalciditum (continued). Ent Mag 3(5): 465-496.
- 1838. Descriptions of British chalcidites. Ann Mag Nat Hist (1)1(4): 307-312.
- 1838. Descriptions of British chalcidites. [continuation from p. 312] Ann Mag Nat Hist (1)1(5): 381-387.
- 1839. Monographia Chalciditum. Volume 1. Balliere, London. 333 pp.
- 1839. Monographia Chalciditum. Volume 2. Balliere, London. 100 pp.
- 1843. Description des Chalcidites trouv饳 au bluff de Saint-Jean, dans la Floride orientale; par MM. E. Doubleday et R. Forster. Premier m魯ire. Ann Soc Ent Fr (2)1: 145-162.
- 1846. Characters of some undescribed species of chalcidites. (Continued from p. 115). Ann Mag Nat Hist (1)17(111): 177-185.
- 1846. Part I—Chalcidites. Pp. 1–100 In: List of the specimens of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London. vi + 237 pp.
- 1849. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Printed by order of the Trustees [British Museum], London. 231-484 pp.
- 1849. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. Printed by order of the Trustees [British Museum], London. 485-687 pp.
- 1849. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. Printed by order of the Trustees [British Museum], London. 689-1172 pp.
- 1850. Descriptions of aphides. (Continued from vol. v. p. 395). Ann Mag Nat Hist (2)6(31): 41-48.
- 1851. List of the specimens of homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. British Museum, London. 1188 pp.
- 1852. Diptera. Part I. Pp. 1–75 In: Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed species in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Vol. I. John Van Voorst, London. 474 pp.
- 1852. Diptera. Part IV. Pp. 253–414 In: Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed species in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Vol. I. John Van Voorst, London. 474 pp.
- 1852. List of the specimens of homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum, London. 1188 pp.
- 1853. Catalogue of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. - Sialides-Nemopterides. British Museum, London. 193-476 pp.
- 1853. Catalogue of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. - (Termitidae-Ephemeridae). British Museum, London. 477-585 pp.
- 1855. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part V. Lepidoptera Heterocera. British Museum (Natural History), London. 977-1257 pp.
- 1856. Diptera. Part V. Pp. 415–474 In: Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed species in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Vol. I. John Van Voorst, London. 474 pp.
- 1856. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part X.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 253-491 pp.
- 1856. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IX.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1-252 pp.
- 1857. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Singapore and Malacca by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. J Proc Linn Soc Lond Zool 1: 4-39.
- 1857. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. J Proc Linn Soc Lond Zool 1: 105-136.
- 1857: Catalogue of the homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with description of new species. J Proc Linn Soc Lond Zool 1: 141-175.
- 1857. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XIII.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 983-1236 pp.
- 1858. Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects. Ann Mag Nat Hist (3)2(9): 202-209.
- 1858. Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects. (Continued from p. 209). Ann Mag Nat Hist (3)2(10): 280-286.
- 1858. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XIV.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. .
- 1858. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XV.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1521-1888 pp.
- 1858. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XVI.--Deltoides. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1-253 pp.
- 1858. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of W.W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. Trans Ent Soc Lond (2)4(6): 190-235.
- 1859. Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects. (Continued from p. 56). Ann Mag Nat Hist (3)3(16): 258-265.
- 1859. Catalogue of dipterous insects collected in the Aru Islands by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. J Proc Linn Soc Lond Zool 3: 77-131.
- 1859. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. J Proc Linn Soc Lond Zool 4: 90-172.
- 1859. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XVII.--Pyralides. British Museum (Natural History), London. 255-508 pp.
- 1859. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XIX.--Pyralides. British Museum (Natural History), London. 799-1036 pp.
- 1860 Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Volume: 5, Series 3, Pages: 304-311 full text
- 1861. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Amboyna by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. J Proc Linn Soc Lond Zool 5: 144-168.
- 1861. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XXII.--Geometrites (continued). British Museum (Natural History), London. 499-755.
- 1861. List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XVIII.--Geometrites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 757-1020 pp.
- 1862. Catalogue of the heterocerous lepidopterous insects collected at Sarawak, in Borneo, by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. (Continued from page 145). J Proc Linn Soc Lond Zool 6: 171-198.
- 1863. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XXVII. Crambites & Tortricites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1-286 pp.
- 1863. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XXVIII. Tortricites & Tineites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 287-561 pp.
- 1864. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XXIX. Tineites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 533-835 pp.
- 1864. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XXX. Tineites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 837-1096 pp.
- 1865. Descriptions of new species of the dipterous insects of New Guinea. J Linn Soc Lond Zool 8: 102-130.
- 1865. Descriptions of new species of the dipterous insects of New Guinea. J Proc Linn Soc Lond Zool 8: 102-130.
- 1865. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XXXII. Supplement.--Part 2. British Museum (Natural History), London. 323-706 pp.
- 1866. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement.--Part 4. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1121-1533 pp.
- 1866. Appendix. A list of mammals, birds, insects, reptiles, fishes, shells, annelides, and Diatomaceae, collected by myself in British Columbia and Vancouver Island, with notes on their habits. [List of Coleoptera]. Pp. 309–334 In: J.K. Lord. The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. Richard Bentley, London. 375 pp.
- 1868. Catalogue of the specimens of Blattariae in the collection of the British Museum. Printed for the Trustees of the British Museum, London. 239 pp.
- 1869. Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera saltatoria and supplement to the Blattariae in the collection of the British Museum [Part I.] British Museum, London. 1-224 pp.
- 1869. Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera saltatoria in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. [Locustidae (contd.).] British Museum, London. 225-423 pp.
- 1870. Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera saltatoria in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. [Locustidae (contd.), Acrididae.] British Museum, London. 425-604 pp.
- 1871. Notes on Chalcidiae. Part I. Eurytomidae. E.W. Janson, London. 1-17 pp.
- 1872. Catalogue of the specimens of heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. 5. Printed for the Trustees of the British Museum, London. 1-202 pp.
External links
- Plates from Insecta Britannica DipteraInsecta Britannica DipteraInsecta Britannica Diptera is a seminal work of entomology by Francis Walker. The most important part of the work was written jointly with Alexander Henry Haliday...
- Internet Archive has digitised versions of Insecta Britannica DipteraInsecta Britannica DipteraInsecta Britannica Diptera is a seminal work of entomology by Francis Walker. The most important part of the work was written jointly with Alexander Henry Haliday...
(all 3 published volumes) and List of the ... homopterous Insects in the ... Museum (1852) Volume 4; List of the specimens of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British museum .. (1846–48) pt. I. Chalcidites.--pt. II. Chalcidites. Additional species and Catalogue of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British museum .. (1852–53) pt. I. Phryganides. Perlides.--pt. II. Sialid. Nemopterides.--pt. III. Termitid. Ephemerid.--pt. IV. Odonata
and
- Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera Heterocera London, Janson (1869)
- with John Edward GrayJohn Edward GrayJohn Edward Gray, FRS was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....
Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and supplement of the Blattariæ in the collection of the British museum London, printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum (1869-1870 [1] - 1869-1870 Volume 1 [71]
- 1869-1870 Volume 2 [71]
- 1869-1870 Volume 3 [71]
- Universal Chalcidoid Database pdfs of Walker's publications on Chalcidoids.
- EOL Encyclopedia of LifeEncyclopedia of LifeThe Encyclopedia of Life is a free, online collaborative encyclopedia intended to document all of the 1.9 million living species known to science. It is compiled from existing databases and from contributions by experts and non-experts throughout the world...
Taxa described by Francis Walker.Complete.Sometimes has very detailed links to older literature. - Systema Dipterorum Nomenclator Full list of Diptera taxa described by Francis Walker