Archery

Archery

Archery is the art, practice, or skill of propelling arrows with the use of a bow, from Latin arcus. Archery has historically been used for hunting and combat; in modern times, however, its main use is that of a recreational activity...

 at the 1984 Summer Olympics

1984 Summer Olympics

The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Los Angeles, California, United States in 1984...

was contested in the same format used since 1972. There were two events: men's individual and women's individual. Points were in a format called the double FITA

International Archery Federation

The International Archery Federation is the governing body of the sport of archery. It is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is composed of 140 national archery associations, and is recognized by the International Olympic Committee.-History:FITA was founded on 4 September 1931 in Poland...

 round, which included 288 arrows shot over four days at four different distances: 70 meters, 60 meters, 50 meters, 30 meters for women; 90 meters, 70 meters, 50 meters, 30 meters for men. It was the fourth, and last, time that the format was used in Olympic competition.

Neroli Fairhall

Neroli Fairhall

Neroli Susan Fairhall MBE was a New Zealand athlete, who was the first paraplegic competitor in the Olympic Games....

 from New Zealand, who came 35th in the Women's individual event, was the first paraplegic athlete to compete at the Olympic Games.

Medallists

Event:	Gold:	Silver:	Bronze:
Men's individual:
Women's individual:

Medal table

1		1	1	0	2
2		1	0	1	2
3		0	1	0	1
4		0	0	1	1

Men's individual

Rank	Name	Nation	Round 1 Score	Round 1 Rank	Round 2 Score	Round 2 Rank	Total Score
1	Darrell Pace Darrell Pace Darrell Owen Pace is a former archer from the United States, who won two individual Olympic and World Championships titles each during his career. In 2011, he was declared as the Men's archer for 20th century by the International Archery Federation .Pace, at the age of 16, became the youngest...	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	1317 (OR)	1	1299	1	2616 (OR)
2	Richard McKinney Richard McKinney (archer) Richard "Rick" McKinney is an archer from the United States, who competed in the Olympic Games four times, winning a pair of silver medals....	United States	1295	2	1269	5	2564
3	Hiroshi Yamamoto	Japan Japan Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...	1276	3	1287	3	2563
4	Takayoshi Matsushita	Japan	1264	7	1288	2	2552
5	Tomi Poikolainen	Finland Finland Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...	1275	4	1263	7	2538
6	Goran Bjerendal	Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....	1275	5	1247	12	2522
7	Marnix Vervinck	Belgium Belgium Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...	1260	9	1259	8	2519
8	Koo Ja-Chung	Korea South Korea The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...	1226	28	1274	4	2500
9	Harry Wittig	West Germany West Germany West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990....	1231	21	1266	6	2497
10	Armin Garnreiter	West Germany	1235	16	1259	9	2494
11	Chqi Won-Tae	Korea	1245	13	1245	16	2490
12	Glenn Meyers	United States	1246	12	1242	17	2488
13	Martinus Reniers	Netherlands Netherlands The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...	1247	11	1239	18	2486
14	Patrick DeKoning	Belgium	1264	8	1222	27	2486
15	Detlef Kahlert	West Germany	1230	22	1256	10	2486
16	Suradi Rukimin	Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...	1268	6	1217	28	2485
17	Gerard Douis	France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...	1234	19	1251	11	2485
18	Yong Shan	China People's Republic of China China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...	1251	10	1232	21	2483
19	Gert Bjerendal	Sweden	1235	17	1246	14	2481
20	Thomas Hardmeier	Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....	1230	23	1246	15	2476
21	Steven Hallard Steven Hallard Steven Leslie Hallard is a British archer who was a member of the British squad that won the team bronze medals at the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics-Olympics:...	Great Britain United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...	1235	18	1238	20	2473
22	Jeon In-Su	Korea	1228	25	1239	19	2467
23	Jan Roger Skyttesaeter	Norway Norway Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...	1234	20	1231	23	2465
24	Andre Braun	Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...	1227	26	1232	22	2459
25	Giancarlo Ferrari Giancarlo Ferrari Giancarlo Ferrari is an Italian archer, who has participated at the Olympic Games as in the discipline of archery on several occasions. In 1976 and 1980 he won bronze at the Summer Olympics.- References :* *...	Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...	1227	27	1228	24	2455
26	Willy van den Bossche	Belgium	1245	14	1209	33	2454
27	Tommy Quick	Sweden	1219	30	1228	25	2447
28	Kyösti Laasonen Kyösti Laasonen Kyösti Laasonen is an archer from Finland, who was born in Kitee, Finland.He competed for Finland in the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich, Germany in the individual event where he finished in third place behind American John Williams and Sweden's Gunnar Jervill...	Finland	1229	24	1214	29	2443
29	Ilario Di Buò Ilario di Buo Ilario Di Buò is an archer from Italy.Di Buò won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the team archery competition. He placed 20th in the individual competition.-2004 Summer Olympics:...	Italy	1190	40	1247	13	2437
30	Peter Gillam	Great Britain	1223	29	1212	32	2435
31	Christopher Blake Christopher Blake Christopher Blake was an English actor and screenwriter who is best remembered for starring in the British sitcom That's My Boy alongside Mollie Sugden.- Early life:...	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	1245	15	1189	40	2434
32	Jean Claude Rohla	Luxembourg	1217	32	1204	35	2421
33	Adolfo Gonzalez	Mexico Mexico The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...	1204	37	1214	30	2418
34	Dale Lightfoot	New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...	1191	39	1226	26	2417
35	Philippe Loyen	France	1206	36	1205	34	2411
36	Zhang Zheng	China	1207	35	1198	37	2405
37	Manuel Rubio	Spain Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...	1213	33	1177	43	2390
38	Feng Zemin	China	1175	46	1214	31	2389
39	Gilles Cresto	Monaco Monaco Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...	1209	34	1180	41	2389
40	Kemal Erer	Turkey Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...	1190	41	1196	38	2386
41	Juan Echavarria	Colombia Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...	1176	45	1203	36	2379
42	Tu Chih-Chen	Chinese Taipei Chinese Taipei Chinese Taipei is the designated name used by the Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan, to participate in some international organizations and almost all sporting events, such as the Olympics, Paralympics, Asian Games and Asian Para Games...	1181	44	1195	39	2376
43	Donald Pandiangan	Indonesia	1218	31	1156	52	2374
44	Renato Emilio	Brazil Brazil Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...	1184	42	1179	42	2363
45	Izzet Avci	Turkey	1193	38	1168	46	2361
46	Amphol Amalekajorn	Thailand Thailand Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...	1182	43	1160	50	2342
47	Jose Prieto	Spain	1167	50	1174	45	2341
48	Richard Priestman Richard Priestman Richard John Priestman is a British archer who was a member of the British squad that won the team bronze medals at the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics His wife Vladlena Priestman competed in archery for Great Britain at the 2000 Summer Olympics.-Olympics:Priestman has competed in archery at three...	Great Britain	1172	48	1167	47	2339
49	Markku Syrjälä	Finland	1157	51	1176	44	2333
50	Wachera Piyapattra	Thailand	1168	49	1160	51	2328
51	Rui Santos	Portugal Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...	1173	47	1151	53	2324
52	Ichiro Shimamura	Japan	1148	52	1164	48	2312
53	Thinley Dorji	Bhutan Bhutan Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...	1134	53	1164	49	2298
54	Steve Yuen	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	1129	54	1094	55	2223
55	Nawang Pelzang	Bhutan	1118	56	1103	54	2221
56	Lo Kam Kuen	Hong Kong	1121	55	1072	57	2193
57	Fok Ming-Shan	Hong Kong	1077	57	1088	56	2165
58	Ismael Rivera	Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...	1042	58	1047	58	2089
59	Mansour Hamaid	Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...	1024	59	974	61	1998
60	Lhendup Tshering	Bhutan	1021	60	976	60	1997
61	Faisal al Basam	Saudi Arabia	991	61	1002	59	1993
62	Yousef Jawdat	Saudi Arabia	880	62	836	62	1716

Women's individual

Seven of the top eight archers were from nations that had been absent from the 1980 Summer Olympics

1980 Summer Olympics

The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Moscow in the Soviet Union. In addition, the yachting events were held in Tallinn, and some of the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament...

.

Final Rank	Name	Nation	Round 1 Score	Round 1 Rank	Round 2 Score	Round 2 Rank	Total Score
1	Seo Hyang-Soon Seo Hyang-Soon Seo Hyang-Soon is a female South Korean archer and Olympic champion. She competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where she won an individual gold medal, only 17 years old.-References:...	Korea South Korea The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...	1275	3	1293 (OR)	1	2568 (OR)
2	Li Lingiuan Li Lingiuan Li Lingjuan was first Chinese woman to win an Olympic medal in archery. She did so in her first appearance at the Olympics in Los Angeles, 1984.-External links:*...	China People's Republic of China China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...	1279	1	1280	2	2559
3	Kim Jin-Ho Kim Jin-Ho Kim Jin-Ho is a female South Korean archer and Olympic medalist. She competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where she won an individual bronze medal, and an additional two medals in the 1986 Asian Games. She currently teaches at the Korea National Sport University.-References:...	Korea	1276	2	1279	3	2555
4	Hiroko Ishizu	Japan Japan Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...	1263	6	1261	4	2524
5	Päivi Meriluoto Paivi Meriluoto Päivi Meriluoto is an archer from Finland.She competed for Finland in the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow, The Soviet Union in the individual event where she finished in third place.- References :*...	Finland Finland Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...	1259	8	1250	8	2509
6	Manuela Dachner	West Germany West Germany West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990....	1260	7	1248	9	2508
7	Katrina King	United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...	1265	4	1243	11	2508
8	Wu Yanan Wu Yanan Wu Yanan is a female Chinese handball player who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She got married to Hardeep Kharbanda in December 2008....	China	1240	12	1253	7	2493
9	Aurora Breton	Mexico Mexico The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...	1264	5	1217	19	2481
10	Minako Hokari	Japan	1241	11	1240	13	2481
11	Doris Haas	West Germany	1239	13	1241	12	2480
12	Ruth Rowe	United States	1223	18	1254	6	2477
13	Ursula Hess	Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....	1246	10	1227	16	2473
14	Liselotte Andersson	Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....	1251	9	1217	20	2468
15	Ama Rantal	Finland	1204	30	1256	5	2460
16	Jeannette Goergen	Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...	1224	17	1228	15	2452
17	Park Young-Sook	Korea	1201	31	1244	10	2445
18	Wang Jin	China	1229	15	1216	21	2445
19	Terene Donovan	Australia Australia Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...	1222	19	1220	17	2442
20	Hazel Greene	Ireland Ireland Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...	1221	20	1219	18	2440
21	Ester Robertson	Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...	1225	16	1210	24	2435
22	Marie Claire van Stevens	Belgium Belgium Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...	1220	21	1211	22	2431
23	Catherina Floris	Netherlands Netherlands The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...	1211	27	1211	23	2422
24	Ann Shurrock	New Zealand New Zealand New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...	1218	23	1204	27	2422
25	Linda Kazienko	Canada Canada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...	1220	22	1201	29	2421
26	Ylva Iversson	Sweden	1186	34	1234	14	2420
27	Vreny Burger	Switzerland	1215	24	1204	28	2419
28	Montserrat Martin	Spain Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...	1212	26	1206	26	2418
29	Eileen Robinson	Great Britain United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...	1198	32	1210	25	2408
30	Angela Goodall	Great Britain	1209	28	1192	30	2401
31	Susan Wilcox	Great Britain	1231	14	1167	36	2398
32	Ursula Valenta	Austria Austria Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...	1215	25	1180	33	2395
33	Lucile Lemay	Canada	1205	29	1174	34	2379
34	Benita Edds	United States	1174	36	1192	31	2366
35	Neroli Fairhall Neroli Fairhall Neroli Susan Fairhall MBE was a New Zealand athlete, who was the first paraplegic competitor in the Olympic Games....	New Zealand	1167	38	1190	32	2357
36	Wanda Sadegur	Canada	1177	35	1172	35	2349
37	Macy Lau	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	1162	39	1164	37	2326
38	Ascension Guerra	Spain	1174	37	1130	39	2304
39	Mary Vaughan	Ireland	1147	40	1151	38	2298
40	Raymonda Verlinden	Belgium	1189	33	1099	42	2288
41	Joanna Agius	Malta Malta Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...	1138	41	1102	41	2240
42	Lu Jui Chiung	Chinese Taipei Chinese Taipei Chinese Taipei is the designated name used by the Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan, to participate in some international organizations and almost all sporting events, such as the Olympics, Paralympics, Asian Games and Asian Para Games...	1114	43	1112	40	2226
43	Sonam Chuki	Bhutan Bhutan Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...	1122	42	1072	44	2194
44	Rinzi Lham	Bhutan	1106	44	1077	43	2183
45	Ng Wing-Na	Hong Kong	1091	45	1057	45	2148
46	Karma Chhoden	Bhutan	1048	46	1038	46	2086
47	Wang-Lau So-Han	Hong Kong	1025	47	1031	47	2056