List of active separatist movements in Europe

This is a list of currently active separatist

Separatism

Separatism is the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. While it often refers to full political secession, separatist groups may seek nothing more than greater autonomy...

movements in Europe

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

. Separatism includes autonomism

Autonomism

Autonomism refers to a set of left-wing political and social movements and theories close to the socialist movement. As an identifiable theoretical system it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerist communism...

and secession

Secession

Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity. Threats of secession also can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.-Secession theory:...

ism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet two criteria:

They are active movements with active members.
They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized
Unrecognized state
An unrecognized state may be:*a state currently not recognized by one given state , see List of states with limited recognition...

regions with de facto
De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...

autonomy
Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
Sovereign state
A sovereign state, or simply, state, is a state with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood to be a state which is neither...
Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area
Autonomous area
An autonomous area or autonomous entity is an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or freedom from an external authority. Typically it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the country or populated by a national minority. Countries that include autonomous areas are often...

but not outright secession
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question
  Government in exile
  A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a country's legitimate government, but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power, and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile usually operate under the assumption that they will one day return to their...
  
  , with or without control
- Political party (or parties): for political parties
  Political party
  A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
  
  involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist
  Terrorism
  Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
  
  organisations)
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
  Advocacy group
  Advocacy groups use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and/or policy; they have played and continue to play an important part in the development of political and social systems...

Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union

European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...

(EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance

European Free Alliance

The European Free Alliance is a European political party. It consists of various national-level political parties in Europe which advocate either full political independence , or some form of devolution or self-governance for their country or region...

(EFA). In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighbouring country.

Azerbaijan

Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, lying between Lower Karabakh and Zangezur and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains...
- De facto state: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
- Government-in-exile: Azerbaijan — Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh
  Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh
  The Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh , also known as the Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh Social Union, Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh in exile is a social union representing the Azerbaijani community of Nagorno Karabakh, in exile since May 1994.-History:The...

Belgium

- Proposed state: Flanders
  - Political parties: Lijst Dedecker, Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie (EFA member), Vlaams Belang
    Vlaams Belang
    Vlaams Belang is a Belgian far-right political party in the Flemish Region and Brussels that advocates the independence of Flanders and strict limits on immigration, whereby immigrants would be obliged to adopt Flemish culture and language...
- Proposed state: Wallonia Early Modern France

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Islamic Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

- Proposed state: Islamic Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  - Political parties: Party of Democratic Action
    Party of Democratic Action
    The Party of Democratic Action is a Bosniak national political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.-History:The Party of Democratic Action was founded in May 1990 by Alija Izetbegović, representing the Bosnian Muslim population...
    
    , Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party-Sefer Halilović, Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina is a liberal conservative political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina led by Haris Silajdžić. On the issues of the internal divisions of Bosnia, SBiH wants to eliminate two entities, and establish a "one man-one vote political system" in an unified...
    
    , Party of Straight Path BiH (Partija pravog puta BiH)
- Proposed state: Republika Srpska
  - Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party
- Proposed state: Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
  - Political parties: Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a political party of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is an observer member of the European People's Party ....
    
    , Croatian Democratic Union 1990
    Croatian Democratic Union 1990
    The Croatian Democratic Union 1990 is a political party of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It split of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is led by Božo Ljubić. In the 2006 it was the leading member of the Croats Together coalition....
    
    , Croatian Christian Democratic Union AP Western Bosnia
- Proposed state: AP Western Bosnia
  - Political parties: Democratic People's Community
    Democratic People's Community
    The Democratic People's Community is a Bosniak political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.At the last legislative elections, 5 October 2002, the party - led by Fikret Abdić - won 1.4% of the popular vote and 1 out of 42 seats in the House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 3 out of...

Croatia

Secessionist movements

Republic of Serbian Krajina
Republic of Serbian Krajina
The Republic of Serbian Krajina was a self-proclaimed Serb entity within Croatia. Established in 1991, it was not recognized internationally. It formally existed from 1991 to 1995, having been initiated a year earlier via smaller separatist regions. The name Krajina means "frontier"...
- Advocacy groups: Republic of Serbian Krajina Government in Exile
Republic of Dubrovnik
- Advocacy groups: Republic of Dubrovnik Government in Exile

Autonomist movements

Istria County
Istria County
Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene...
- Political parties: Istrian Democratic Assembly
  Istrian Democratic Assembly
  The Istrian Democratic Assembly is a Croatian regional and social liberal political party in Istria. The hyphenated abbreviation IDS-DDI is most commonly used....
  
  , Istrian Social Democratic Forum
  Istrian Social Democratic Forum
  Istrian Socialdemocratic Forum is a regional left-wing political party in Istria County of Croatia.It was founded by dissident faction of Istrian Democratic Assembly and firstly it was named Istrian Democratic Forum, led by Luciano Delbianco, former prefect of Istria County.In the past, it has...
- Proposed autonomous county/region: Istria County
  Istria County
  Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene...
Joint Council of Municipalities
Joint Council of Municipalities
Joint Council of Municipalities is a body that aligns the interests of the Serb ethnic community in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia in the Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Syrmia County, coordinate the law and provides initiatives and proposals to the institutions of government,...
- Political parties: Independent Democratic Serb Party, Party of Danube Serbs
  Party of Danube Serbs
  The Party of Danube Serbs is a Serb minority political party in Croatia. It was formed as the Serbian Radical Party of the Republic of Serbian Krajina by Rade Leskovac in the early 1990s...
- Advocacy group: Joint Council of Municipalities
  Joint Council of Municipalities
  Joint Council of Municipalities is a body that aligns the interests of the Serb ethnic community in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia in the Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Syrmia County, coordinate the law and provides initiatives and proposals to the institutions of government,...
  
  part of Serb National Council
- Proposed autonomous municipalities: Trpinja
  Trpinja
  Trpinja is a village and municipality in the Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. There are 1,537 inhabitants in village Trpinja and 5,680 inhabitants in the municipality according to the 2011 census. The majority of the population are Serbs, making up 89.29% of the population according to...
  
  , Erdut
  Erdut
  Erdut is a village and a municipality in eastern Croatia. It is located in the Osijek-Baranja County, eastern Slavonia, 37 km east of Osijek. The elevation of the village of Erdut is 158 m...
  
  , Markušica
  Markušica
  Markušica is a village and a municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia. There are 3,053 inhabitants, the majority of the population which are Serbs, who make up 90.76% of the population according to the 2001 population census...
  
  , Borovo, Croatia
  Borovo, Croatia
  Borovo , previously called Borovo Selo , is a village and an eponymous municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. It is located on the Danube across the border with Serbia, and has a population of 5,133 , with 86.56% of the population of Serb ethnicity...
  
  , Jagodnjak
  Jagodnjak
  Jagodnjak is a village and a municipality in the Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. Jagodnjak development index is less than 50% of the Croatian average, which classifies them into 10% of the poorest municipalities...
  
  , Negoslavci
  Negoslavci
  Negoslavci is a village and a municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County, Croatia. There are 1,466 inhabitants, the majority of the population which are Serbs, making up 96.58% of the population according to the 2001 population census...
  
  , Šodolovci
  Šodolovci
  Šodolovci is a village and a municipality in Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 1,653 Serbs, 240 Croats and 62 others. By mother tongue, there are 1,719 Croatian speakers, 204 Serbian speakers and 32 speakers of other languages...
  
  which are all members of Joint Council of Municipalities
  Joint Council of Municipalities
  Joint Council of Municipalities is a body that aligns the interests of the Serb ethnic community in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia in the Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Syrmia County, coordinate the law and provides initiatives and proposals to the institutions of government,...

Cyprus

De facto state with partial de jure recognition: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Denmark

- Proposed state: Faroe Islands
  - Political parties: Republican Party
    Republican Party (Faroe Islands)
    The Republic is a left-wing political party in the Faroe Islands committed to Faroese Independence. It was founded in 1948 as a reaction to independence not being proclaimed after a public vote on the matter showed a significant plurality for it in 1946.In 1998 Høgni Hoydal succeeded Heini O....
    
    , People's Party
    People's Party (Faroe Islands)
    The Faroese People's Party – Radical Self-Government is a liberal conservative political party in the Faroe Islands, led by Jørgen Niclasen. One of the four major parties, it's had eight seats in the Løgting since the 2011 election, making it the joint-largest party, but neither of the Faroes'...
    
    , Centre Party
    Centre Party (Faroe Islands)
    The Centre Party is a Christianity-based, agrarian and conservative political party in the Faroe Islands, led by Jenis av Rana.At the 2008 parliamentary election, the party won 8.4% of the popular vote and 3 out of 33 seats...
    
    , Self-Government Party

Finland

- Proposed state: Åland Islands
  - Political party: Future of Åland
    Future of Åland
    The Future of Åland is a separatist political party in the Åland Islands. The goal of the party is to make Åland an independent state....
    
    (EFA member) Sami
    Sami people
    The Sami people, also spelled Sámi, or Saami, are the arctic indigenous people inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of far northern Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Kola Peninsula of Russia, and the border area between south and middle Sweden and Norway. The Sámi are Europe’s northernmost...
- Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi

France

Secessionist movements Basque Country

Northern Basque Country

The French Basque Country or Northern Basque Country situated within the western part of the French department of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques constitutes the north-eastern part of the Basque Country....

- Political party: Abertzaleen Batasuna
  Abertzaleen Batasuna
  Abertzaleen Batasuna is a Basque political party in France.It is the largest Basque nationalist party of the French Basque Country gathering around 10% of the votes in this territory. Its immediate goal is the establishment of a Pays Basque département out of Pyrénées-Atlantiques...
  
  (AB), Batasuna
  Batasuna
  Batasuna was a Basque nationalist political party based mainly in Spain, where it was outlawed in 2003, after a court ruling declared proven that the party was financing ETA with public money. Batasuna is included in the "European Union list of terrorist persons and organizations" as a component...
  
  , Eusko Alkartasuna
  Eusko Alkartasuna
  Eusko Alkartasuna is a Basque nationalist political party operating in Spain and France. The Basque language name means Basque Solidarity and abbreviated as EA. The party describes itself as a Basque nationalist, democratic, popular, progressive and non-denominational party...
  
  (EFA member), Parti Nationaliste Basque
  Basque Nationalist Party
  The Basque National Party is the largest and oldest Basque nationalist party. It is currently the largest political party in the Basque Autonomous Community also with a minor presence in Navarre and a marginal one in the French Basque Country...
  
  .
- Advocacy group: All local politicians , even those in "French" parties, agree to demand a Basque département and co-officiality of Basque language
  Basque language
  Basque is the ancestral language of the Basque people, who inhabit the Basque Country, a region spanning an area in northeastern Spain and southwestern France. It is spoken by 25.7% of Basques in all territories...
  
  , a demand that has been rejected by the French government.
- Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  LAB is a Basque nationalist trade union operating mainly in Spain currently led by Ainhoa Etxaide.It was created in 1974 by Jon Idigoras among others...
- Youth Advocacy groups: Egi
  EGI
  The European Grid Infrastructure refers to a series of efforts to provide access to high-performance computing resources across Europe using grid computing techniques. The EGI links centres in different European countries to support international research in many scientific disciplines...
  
  , Gazte Abertzaleak, Iritzarri, Segi
  SEGI
  Segi is a Basque pro-independence and revolutionary left-wing organization. It forms part of the Basque National Liberation Movement and is aligned with Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak and Batasuna....
- Militant organisation: Iparretarrak
  Iparretarrak
  Iparretarrak or IK was a Basque nationalist terrorist organization operating in the French Basque Country.It was founded in 1973 by Philippe Bidart, to date, 1982 remains as their most active year, with 32 attacks; despite having mostly targeted tourist developments, it has also assassinated a...
  
  (defunct), ETA
  ETA
  ETA , an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna is an armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization. The group was founded in 1959 and has since evolved from a group promoting traditional Basque culture to a paramilitary group with the goal of gaining independence for the Greater Basque Country...
  
  , Irrintzi
  Irrintzi
  Irrintzi is an armed Basque nationalist group or cell that acts in the French Basque Country . The word irrintzi refers originally to the traditional Basque folk high pitched scream used to express celebration or happiness....
- Proposed state: Euskadi or Euskal Herria (Basque Country)
- Advocacy groups: Celtic League
  Celtic League (political organisation)
  The Celtic League is a non-governmental organisation that promotes self-determination and Celtic identity and culture in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall and the Isle of Man, known as the Celtic nations. It places particular emphasis on the indigenous Celtic languages...
- Political party: Adsav
  Adsav
  Adsav is a Breton nationalist secessionist party active in Britanny, which claims to be neither right-wing or left-wing, although its roots are on the right and it is widely considered to be a far right party....
  
  , Emgann
  Emgann
  Emgann is a left wing Breton nationalist movement in Brittany, France. Founded in 1982, it soon became one of the principal groups agitating for Breton independence...
- Militant organisation: Armée Révolutionnaire Bretonne
  Breton Revolutionary Army
  The Breton Revolutionary Army , is an illegal armed organization that is part of the Breton nationalism movement in the Brittany region of France.-I- Origins of the conflict:...
  
  , Front de Libération de la Bretagne
- Proposed state: Brittany
  Brittany
  Brittany is a cultural and administrative region in the north-west of France. Previously a kingdom and then a duchy, Brittany was united to the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province. Brittany has also been referred to as Less, Lesser or Little Britain...
  
  (Main article: Corsican nationalism
  Corsican nationalism
  Corsican nationalism is a social and political movement in Corsica, active since the 1960s.- History :In 1923 was created the Partitu Corsu d'Azione by Petru Rocca, an Italian irredentist who initially promoted the union of Corsica to the Kingdom of Italy but after World War II changed to promote...
  
  )
- Political party: Corsica Libera
  Corsica Libera
  Corsica Libera is a political party seeking independence for Corsica. It was founded in Corte in February 2009 by members of three nationalist parties, Corsica Nazione, Rinnovu and the Corsican Nationalist Alliance...
- Militant organisation: National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
  National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
  The National Liberation Front of Corsica is a militant group that advocates an independent state on the island of Corsica, separate from France. They also want all currently imprisoned members of the FLNC in France to be put into Corsican prisons. The organisation's presence is primarily in...
- Proposed state: Corsica or Italy
Nice
Nice
Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...
- Political party: Nissa Rebela
- Political party: Savoyard League
  Savoyard League
  The Savoyan League is a French regionalist political party based in Savoy.The party supports the independence of Savoy from France. The two departments of Savoy, named Savoie and Haute-Savoie have belonged to France since the Treaty of Turin in 1860...

Gradual and eventual secession

- Political party: Breton Party
  Parti Breton
  The Breton Party is a social-democratic and social-liberal nationalist party which aspires to the creation of an independent "Republic of Brittany", within the European Union.-Program:...

Autonomist movements

- Political party: Alsace d'Abord
  Alsace d'abord
  Alsace d'abord is a political party seeking autonomy for Alsace in France.The party is considered to be a far-right party by most observers, due to its strong stance against immigration, its opposition to Turkish entry into the European Union and its affirmation of an Alsatian national identity...
  
  , Nationalforum Elsass-Lothringen, Unser Land
- Political party: Union Démocratique Bretonne
  Union Démocratique Bretonne
  The Breton Democratic Union is the main autonomist and regionalist party in Brittany and Loire-Atlantique. It advocates devolution for Brittany as well as the promotion of the Breton language and its associated culture....
  
  (EFA member), (Main article: Corsican nationalism
  Corsican nationalism
  Corsican nationalism is a social and political movement in Corsica, active since the 1960s.- History :In 1923 was created the Partitu Corsu d'Azione by Petru Rocca, an Italian irredentist who initially promoted the union of Corsica to the Kingdom of Italy but after World War II changed to promote...
  
  )
- Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa
  Partitu di a Nazione Corsa
  The Party of the Corsican Nation is a political party seeking autonomy for Corsica. It was founded in Corte in 2002 by members of three nationalist parties, Union of the Corsican People , A Scelta Nova and A Mossa Naziunale....
  
  (EFA member)
- Proposed autonomous area: Corsica
  Corsica
  Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....
Countea de Nissa
- Political party: Nissa Rebela
- Political party: Le Mouvement Normand
  Le Mouvement Normand
  Mouvement normand is a political organisation in France that campaigns for autonomy of Normandy. Unlike many regionalist groupings in France, it rejects "separatism" and underlines the view that people of Normandy are one of the constituent nationalities that made up the French nation...
- Proposed region: Normandie
  Normandy
  Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...
  
  (to merge the two regions of Basse-Normandie
  Basse-Normandie
  Lower Normandy is an administrative region of France. It was created in 1956, when the Normandy region was divided into Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy...
  
  and Haute-Normandie
  Haute-Normandie
  Upper Normandy is one of the 27 regions of France. It was created in 1984 from two départements: Seine-Maritime and Eure, when Normandy was divided into Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy. This division continues to provoke controversy, and some continue to call for reuniting the two regions...
  
  opposed by Norman activists).
- Political party: Savoyard League
  Savoyard League
  The Savoyan League is a French regionalist political party based in Savoy.The party supports the independence of Savoy from France. The two departments of Savoy, named Savoie and Haute-Savoie have belonged to France since the Treaty of Turin in 1860...
- Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Partit Occitan
  Partit Occitan
  The Occitan Party is a political party in France. Its aims include greater autonomy for the Occitania region of southern France. The Occitan Party was formed in Toulouse in 1987 through the union of different occitanist movements , of candidates to the 1986 regional elections a d of various...
  
  (EFA member), Iniciativa per Occitània, Anaram au Patac, Hartèra

Rearrangement of regions

Picardie (region), activists are the Picard people. The French government regional committee had planned to subdivide the region and give each one of the 3 departements to neighbouring regions of Champagne-Ardenne
Champagne-Ardenne
Champagne-Ardenne is one of the 27 regions of France. It is located in the northeast of the country, bordering Belgium, and consists of four departments: Aube, Ardennes, Haute-Marne, and Marne. The region is famous for its sparkling white wine . Its rivers, most of which flow west, include the...

, Ile-de-France
Île-de-France (région)
Île-de-France is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-two administrative regions of France, composed mostly of the Paris metropolitan area....

and Nord Pas-de-Calais. The Picard people are divided on this proposal.
Several regions want to be divided into newer ones, notably in the Midi-Pyrenees and Alpes-Cote de Azur.

Georgia

Abkhazia
Abkhazia
Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...

(member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

)
- De facto state: Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti
  Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti
  Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti are ethnic Armenians of Georgian nationality living in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of the Republic of Georgia, which borders the Republic of Armenia to the south and where ethnic Armenians form the great majority of the population with minority Georgians and...
- Proposed autonomous area: Javakhk autonomous region
  - Advocacy groups: Javakhk
    Javakhk
    Javakhk was a historical region of Kingdom of Armenia and a canton of Gugark province . It is currently located in the territory of modern Georgia roughly corresponding to the Javakheti region.-Antiquity:...
    
    , United Javakhk Democratic Alliance
    United Javakhk Democratic Alliance
    The United Javakhk Democratic Alliance is a non-government organization composed of ethnic Armenians living in Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia. It has, at various times, called for local autonomy for predominantly ethnic Armenian area of Javakheti known in Armenian as Javakhk; whence the...
    
    , VirkSouth Ossetia
    South Ossetia
    South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic....
- De facto state:

Germany

- Political party: Bavaria Party
  Bavaria Party
  The Bavaria Party is a separatist political party in the state of Bavaria in southern Germany. It was founded in 1946 and describes itself as patriotic Bavarian, advocating Bavarian independence within the European Union...
  
  (EFA member)
Frisia
Frisia
Frisia is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i.e. the German Bight. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language...

(see Netherlands)
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony is a German state situated in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany...

, Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...

, Saarland
Saarland
Saarland is one of the sixteen states of Germany. The capital is Saarbrücken. It has an area of 2570 km² and 1,045,000 inhabitants. In both area and population, it is the smallest state in Germany other than the city-states...

and East Germany (the former German Democratic Republic 1949-90) - autonomous movements to expand sovereign powers as Länder
States of Germany
Germany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...

or states, in agreement when they joined Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...

(1815 or 1870) and/or Federal Republic of Germany (1955 or 1990).

Italy

- Proposed state: Padania
  Padania
  Padania is an alternative name for the Po Valley in Italy. The term was sparingly used until the early 1990s, when Lega Nord, a political party in Italy, proposed Padania as a possible denomination for an autonomous Northern Italy...
- Political parties: Lega Nord
- Political parties: Valdotanian Union
  Valdotanian Union
  The Valdotanian Union is a regionalist-centrist Italian political party active in Aosta Valley. Its leaders are Ego Perron, party president, and Augusto Rollandin, President of the Region....
  
  , Edelweiss Aosta Valley
  Edelweiss Aosta Valley
  Edelweiss Aosta Valley is a Christian-democratic and centrist Italian political party active in Aosta Valley.It was founded in 2001 by the merger of the Autonomists and the Autonomist Federation...
  
  , Autonomist Federation
  Autonomist Federation
  The Autonomist Federation is a centrist, social-liberal and social-democratic Italian political party active in Aosta Valley...
  
  , Valdotanian Renewal
  Valdotanian Renewal
  Valdotanian Renewal was a social-liberal Italian political party.It was founded in 2006 by a split from the Valdotanian Union , led by former President of Region Carlo Perrin...
  
  , Lively Aosta Valley
  Lively Aosta Valley
  Lively Aosta Valley was a social-liberal Italian political party active in Aosta Valley. It was founded in 2005 by a left-wing split from the Valdotanian Union and its leader was Roberto Louvin....
  
  , Lega Nord Valle d'Aosta
  Lega Nord Valle d'Aosta
  Lega Nord Valle d'Aosta is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in Aosta Valley...
  
  Piedmont
  Piedmont
  Piedmont is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres and a population of about 4.4 million. The capital of Piedmont is Turin. The main local language is Piedmontese. Occitan is also spoken by a minority in the Occitan Valleys situated in the Provinces of...
- Political parties: Lega Nord Piemont
  Lega Nord Piemont
  Lega Nord Piemont is a regionalist political party in Italy that is the regional section of Lega Nord in Piedmont.Its leader Roberto Cota is the President of Piedmont since March 2010.-Early years:...
  
  Lombardy
  Lombardy
  Lombardy is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The capital is Milan. One-sixth of Italy's population lives in Lombardy and about one fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region, making it the most populous and richest region in the country and one of the richest in the whole of Europe...
- Political parties: Lega Lombarda
  Lega Lombarda
  Lega Lombarda is a regionalist political party active in Lombardy. Led by Giancarlo Giorgetti, the party is the second largest in the region....
  
  , Lega Alleanza Lombarda, Lombard Independentist Front Insubria
  Insubria
  Insubria is a historical-geographical region which corresponds to the area inhabited in Classical antiquity by the Insubres. Secondarily the name can refer to the Duchy of Milan...
- Advocacy groups: Domà Nunch
  Domà Nunch
  Domà Nunch , is a social movement active in Insubria, across the border between Italy and Switzerland. It is an eco-national extra-parliamentary organization....
Trentino
- Political parties: Union for Trentino
  Union for Trentino
  The Union for Trentino is a regionalist centrist and Christian-democratic political party active in the province of Trentino, Italy. The party is currently led by Marco Tanas....
  
  , Lega Nord Trentino
  Lega Nord Trentino
  Lega Nord Trentino is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the provincial section of Lega Nord in Trentino. The current national secretary is Maurizio Fugatti, deputy to the Italian Parliament...
  
  , Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party
  Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party
  The Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party is a regionalist Christian-democratic Italian political party based in Trentino.-History:The party was founded in 1948 as Trentino Tyrolean People's Party . In 1982 a split between the conservative wing, led by Franco Tretter, and the centrist wing of the...
  
  , Autonomist Trentino
  Autonomist Trentino
  Autonomist Trentino is a regionalist Christian-democratic Italian political party based in Trentino.It was founded in 2002 by a split from the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party of those members who contested the party new alliance with the centre-left-coalition...
  
  , Ladin Autonomist Union
  Ladin Autonomist Union
  The Ladin Autonomist Union is a minor progressive political party in the province of Trentino, Italy, which seeks to represent the Ladin minority in the Province and especially that living in Fascia Valley...
  
  , United Valleys
  United Valleys
  United Valleys is a regionalist Italian political party active in the province of Trentino, Italy.It was formed in May 2006 by former leader of Lega Nord Trentino Denis Bertolini and seeks to represent the inhabitants of the valleys of Trentino: Val di Sole, Val di Non, Valle dell'Adige, Valli...
  
  , Popular Autonomy, Fassa
  Fassa
  Fassa is a minor Christian-democratic political party in the province of Trentino, Italy, which seeks to represent the Ladin minority in the Province and especially that living in Fascia Valley...
South Tyrol
South Tyrol
South Tyrol , also known by its Italian name Alto Adige, is an autonomous province in northern Italy. It is one of the two autonomous provinces that make up the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province has an area of and a total population of more than 500,000 inhabitants...
- Political parties: South Tyrolean People's Party
  South Tyrolean People's Party
  The South Tyrolean People's Party is a regionalist Christian democratic political party active in the Italian province of South Tyrol.Founded in 1945, the SVP represents the German-speaking population of the province, as well as Ladin speakers. Since the first election of the Provincial Council in...
  
  , Union for South Tyrol
  Union for South Tyrol
  The Citizens' Union is a separatist, nationalist and conservative political party active in South Tyrol committed to the German-speaking minority and its right to self-determination...
  
  , The Libertarians
  The Libertarians
  The Libertarians is a liberal and nationalist political party in the Italian province of South Tyrol committed to the German-speaking minority....
  
  , South Tyrolean Freedom
  South Tyrolean Freedom
  The South Tyrolean Freedom is a separatist German-speaking political party active in South Tyrol committed to the reunification of South Tyrol with the state of Tyrol within Austria....
  
  , Political Movement Ladins, Democratic Party of South Tyrol
  Democratic Party of South Tyrol
  The Democratic Party of South Tyrol is a minor regionalist liberal, green and social-democratic political party active in South Tyrol.The party was founded in 1997, as a continuation of the Social Democratic Party of South Tyrol, and was led by Roland Girardi...
  
  , Lega Nord Sud Tirolo
  Lega Nord Sud Tirolo
  Lega Nord Sud Tirolo/Lega Nord Südtirol is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the provincial section of Lega Nord in South Tyrol...
- Militant organisations: South Tyrolean Liberation Committee
  South Tyrolean Liberation Committee
  The South Tyrolean Liberation Committee was an organisation founded by Sepp Kerschbaumer in the mid-1950s to fight for South Tyrolean independence from Italy. The organisation were regarded as terrorists by the Italian government but many South Tyroleans regarded them as freedom fighters....
  
  Veneto
  Veneto
  Veneto is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 5 million, ranking 5th in Italy.Veneto had been for more than a millennium an independent state, the Republic of Venice, until it was eventually annexed by Italy in 1866 after brief Austrian and French rule...
- Movement: Venetism
  Venetism
  Venetian nationalism is an ideology and a regionalist movement demanding more autonomy, or even independence from Italy, for Veneto, and promoting the re-discovery the Republic of Venice's heritage, traditions, culture and language...
- Political parties: Liga Veneta
  Liga Veneta
  Liga Veneta is a regionalist political party based in Veneto, combining Venetism and fiscal federalism. Liga Veneta is by far the largest party in Veneto and the party of Luca Zaia, President of Veneto since March 2010.It was the first party of its kind in Northern Italy, predating Umberto...
  
  , North-East Project
  North-East Project
  North-East Project is a Venetist, fiscal federalist and libertarian Italian political party based in Veneto, demanding larger autonomy, if not complete independence for the region.-History:...
  
  , Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetians in Movement
  Venetians in Movement
  Venetians Movement is an Venetist separatist cross-party political movement which aims to promote independence regardless of individual political positions such as left or right, in a democratic and nonviolent way...
  
  , Venetian National Party
  Venetian National Party
  The Venetian National Party was a Venetist, libertarian and separatist political party active in Veneto, Lombardy and Friuli-Venezia Giulia...
  
  , Venetian People's Unity
  Venetian People's Unity
  The Venetian People's Unity is a Venetist socialist and separatist political party.Founded in 2008, the party seeks to represent the "Venetian left" and takes example from Herri Batasuna...
  
  , Veneto State
  Veneto State
  Veneto State is a Venetist independentist political party active in Veneto and eastern Lombardy. The party seeks to achieve full political independence for the former territories of the Venetian Republic from Italy through a referendum...
  
  Friuli-Venezia Giulia
  Friuli-Venezia Giulia
  Friuli–Venezia Giulia is one of the twenty regions of Italy, and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The capital is Trieste. It has an area of 7,858 km² and about 1.2 million inhabitants. A natural opening to the sea for many Central European countries, the region is...
- Political parties : Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia
  Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia
  Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in Friuli-Venezia Giulia....
  
  , Friuli Movement
  Friuli Movement
  Friuli Movement is a regionalist political party active in Friuli, Italy since 1966.The party is currently active, but has lost importance...
  
  , Giulian Front
  Giulian Front
  Giulian Front is a regionalist political party active in the Province of Trieste, Italy.Formed in the mid 1990s, the party strives for the independence of Trieste from Italy , in line with a tradition started with the Independence Front for the Free Giulian State after World War II and continued...
  
  , Front Furlan Liguria
  Liguria
  Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. Its capital is Genoa. It is a popular region with tourists for its beautiful beaches, picturesque little towns, and good food.-Geography:...
- Political party: Lega Nord Liguria
  Lega Nord Liguria
  Lega Nord Liguria is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in Liguria. The current national secretary is Francesco Bruzzone.-History:...
  
  , Ligurian Independentist Movement Emilia
  Emilia (region of Italy)
  Emilia is a historical region of northern Italy which approximately corresponds to the western and north-eastern portions of today’s Emilia-Romagna region...
- Political parties: Lega Nord Emilia
  Lega Nord Emilia
  Lega Nord Emilia is a regionalist political party in Italy active in the Emilian part of Emilia-Romagna. It is one of the 13 "national" sections forming Lega Nord.-History:...
  
  Romagna
  Romagna
  Romagna is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to the east, and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west...
- Political parties: Lega Nord Romagna
  Lega Nord Romagna
  Lega Nord Romagna is a regionalist political party in Italy active in the Romagna, part of Emilia-Romagna. It is one of the two regional sections of Lega Nord in Emilia-Romagna, the other being Lega Nord Emilia....
  
  Tuscany
  Tuscany
  Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....
- Political parties: Lega Nord Toscana Marche
  Marche
  The population density in the region is below the national average. In 2008, it was 161.5 inhabitants per km2, compared to the national figure of 198.8. It is highest in the province of Ancona , and lowest in the province of Macerata...
- Political parties: Lega Nord Marche
  Lega Nord Marche
  Lega Nord Marche is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in the Marche. The current national secretary is Luca Rodolfo Paolini, who was elected deputy in the 2008 general election in Tuscany: it was the first time ever that Lega Nord Marche was...
  
  Umbria
  Umbria
  Umbria is a region of modern central Italy. It is one of the smallest Italian regions and the only peninsular region that is landlocked.Its capital is Perugia.Assisi and Norcia are historical towns associated with St. Francis of Assisi, and St...
- Political parties: Lega Nord Umbria
  Lega Nord Umbria
  Lega Nord Umbria is a regionalist political party in Italy which is the regional section of Lega Nord in Umbria. The party is provisionally directed by Luca Rodolfo Paolini, national secretary of Lega Nord Marche....
- Political parties: Sardinia Nation
  Sardinia Nation
  Sardinia Nation is a minor separatist and democratic-socialist political party in Sardinia, Italy. Its leader is Bustianu Cumpostu.-History:...
  
  , Sardinian Action Party
  Sardinian Action Party
  The Sardinian Action Party is a regionalist social-democratic political party in Sardinia, which has recently sided with The People of Freedom, the largest centre-right party in Italy.-History:...
  
  , Independence Republic of Sardinia
  Independence Republic of Sardinia
  Independence Republic of Sardinia is a social-democratic and non-violent separatist political party in Sardinia...
  
  , To the Left for Independence
  To the Left for Independence
  To the Left for Independence is a separatist and communist Italian political party active in Sardinia....
  
  Sicily
  Sicily
  Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
- Political parties: Movement for the Independence of Sicily
  Movement for the Independence of Sicily
  The Movement for the Independence of Sicily is a separatist movement, with the goal to obtain independence of the island from Italy...
  
  , Sicilian Alliance
  Sicilian Alliance
  The Sicilian Alliance is a minor autonomist and national-conservative political party in Sicily, Italy.It was founded in 2005 and was led by Nello Musumeci, a MEP who was elected on the National Alliance's list....
  
  , Sicilian People's Party, Sicilian National Front
- Advocacy groups: Terra e Liberazione Southern Italy

Political parties: Movement for Autonomy
Movement for Autonomy
The Movement for Autonomies is a regionalist Christian democratic political party in Italy. It demands economic development and greater autonomy for Sicily, mainly, and for other regions of Southern Italy...

, Federalist Alliance
Federalist Alliance
The Federalist Alliance is a federalist Italian political party, which is the emanation of Lega Nord in Central and Southern Italy....

, Lega Sud Ausonia
Lega Sud Ausonia
Lega Sud Ausonia is a minor independentist political party in Italy.The party was founded in 1991, as the sister-party of Lega Nord in Southern Italy, and is led by Gianfranco Vestuto. Similarly to Lega Nord's goal of establishing an independent Padania, Lega Sud wants to establish an independent...

, Southern Action League
Southern Action League
The Southern Action League is a regionalist national-conservative Italian political party active in Apulia and especially in the Province of Taranto....

Lithuania

Samogitia

Samogitia is one of the five ethnographic regions of Lithuania. It is located in northwestern Lithuania. Its largest city is Šiauliai/Šiaulē. The region has a long and distinct cultural history, reflected in the existence of the Samogitian dialect...

- Political party: Samogitian Party
  Samogitian Party
  The Samogitian Party is an ethnic-regionalist autonomist party of the Lithuania's Samogitian minority founded in April 2008.-Creation:In 2008, the Ministry of Justice refused to register the party claiming that there were not enough participants at its inaugural meeting, but also that the...
Latgalia (with neighbouring Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...

, northernmost Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...

and westernmost Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

).
- Political party: Latgalian People's Party

Macedonia

Illyrida

Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia

Albanians are the largest ethnic minority in the Republic of Macedonia. Of the 2,022,547 citizens of Macedonia, 509,083, or 25%, are Albanian according to the latest national census in 2002. The Albanian minority lives mostly in the north-western part of the country...

- Political party: Democratic Party of Albanians
  Democratic Party of Albanians
  The Democratic Party of Albanians or DPA is a political party of the ethnic Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia. The DPA is a merger of the Party for Democratic Prosperity of Albanians and the People's Democratic Party which took place in June 1997...
- Status: Continued unrest within Albanian-majority areas of Macedonia

Moldova

Transnistria

Transnistria is a breakaway territory located mostly on a strip of land between the Dniester River and the eastern Moldovan border to Ukraine...

- Status: De facto state Gagauzia
  Gagauzia
  Gagauzia , formally known as the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Găgăuzia , is an autonomous region of...
- Status: autonomy region state

Montenegro

Sandžak

Sandžak also known as Raška is a historical region lying along the border between Serbia and Montenegro...

- Proposed state: Bosnia and Herzegovina Sandžak
  Sandžak
  Sandžak also known as Raška is a historical region lying along the border between Serbia and Montenegro...
  
  (merging with Serbian part of Sandžak)
  - Political parties: Party of Democratic Action
    Party of Democratic Action
    The Party of Democratic Action is a Bosniak national political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.-History:The Party of Democratic Action was founded in May 1990 by Alija Izetbegović, representing the Bosnian Muslim population...
Bay of Kotor
Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor in south-western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic Sea. The bay, sometimes called Europe's southernmost fjord, is in fact a submerged river canyon of the disintegrated Bokelj River which used to run from the high mountain plateaus of Mount Orjen...

-Kotor
Kotor
Kotor is a coastal city in Montenegro. It is located in a secluded part of the Gulf of Kotor. The city has a population of 13,510 and is the administrative center of the municipality....
Ulcinj
Ulcinj
Ulcinj is a coastal resort town and municipality in Montenegro. The town of Ulcinj has a population of 10,828 of which the majority are Albanians...
Serbs of Montenegro
Serbs of Montenegro
Montenegrin Serbs is a regional, ethnographic group of ethnic Serbs. They compose the second largest ethnic group in Montenegro after the Montenegrins....

Netherlands

Frisia

Frisia is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i.e. the German Bight. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language...

- Political party: Frisian National Party
  Frisian National Party
  The Frisian National Party is a Frisian nationalist political party in the Netherlands. The FNP is mostly involved in Frisian politics...
  
  , (EFA member)
- Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Fryslân

Romania

Székely Land

The Székely Land or Szekler Land refers to the territories inhabited mainly by the Székely, a Hungarian-speaking ethnic group from eastern Transylvania...

: Székely autonomy initiatives

Székely autonomy initiatives

The Székely Land is a region of central Romania. According to official data from the Romania's 2002 census, 668,471 persons in Mureş, Harghita and Covasna counties consider themselves Hungarian...

- Political organisation: Szekler National Council
  Szekler National Council
  The Szekler National Council is the main political organization representing the Székely of Romania.-History:The Council was founded on October 16, 2003. Its first president was József Csapó, who served until autumn 2006, when he resigned...

North Caucasus

Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

- Militant organisation: Chechen separatists
  Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
  The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is the unrecognized secessionist government of Chechnya. The republic was proclaimed in late 1991 by Dzokhar Dudayev, and fought two devastating wars between separatists and the Russian Federation which denounced secession...
  
  ; though recently Ramzan Kadyrov
  Ramzan Kadyrov
  Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov is the President of Chechnya and a former Chechen rebel.Ramzan is a son of former Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov, assassinated in May 2004. In February 2007 Kadyrov replaced Alu Alkhanov as President, shortly after he had turned 30, which is the minimum age for the post...
  
  , the Russian-appointed leader of the Chechen Republic within Russia has also made statements seeming to support broad autonomy, criticising Russian attempts to make a "North Caucasus" district inviting back separatist leader Akhmad Zakayev,
- Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
  Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
  The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is the unrecognized secessionist government of Chechnya. The republic was proclaimed in late 1991 by Dzokhar Dudayev, and fought two devastating wars between separatists and the Russian Federation which denounced secession...
  
  Chechnya
  Chechnya
  The Chechen Republic , commonly referred to as Chechnya , also spelled Chechnia or Chechenia, sometimes referred to as Ichkeria , is a federal subject of Russia . It is located in the southeastern part of Europe in the Northern Caucasus mountains. The capital of the republic is the city of Grozny...
  
  , Dagestan
  Dagestan
  The Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
  
  , Ingushetia
  Ingushetia
  The Republic of Ingushetia is a federal subject of Russia , located in the North Caucasus region with its capital at Magas. In terms of area, the republic is the smallest of Russia's federal subjects except for the two federal cities, Moscow and Saint Petersburg...
- Proposed state: Caucasian Emirate (claimed successor to Ichkeria)
Circassia
Circassia
Circassia was an independent mountainous country located in the Caucasus region of Eurasia and was the largest and most important country in the Caucasus. Circassia was located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea...
- Movement: Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi
- Proposed state: Circassia, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes Adygea as well as large parts of Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachey-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Krai, and Stavropol' Krai)
Balkar and Karachay peoples
- Movement: Various nationalist organisations in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia
- Goals: Firstmost, the establishment of autonomy for the Karachai and Balkars, rather than in biethnic republics where they must share power with Russians and Circassians (division of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia into smaller units, also popular for Circassian nationalists). Then, the unification of Karachay and Balkar units is advocated by some but not all nationalists (see Balkar and Karachai nationalism)

Other regions

Tatarstan

The Republic of Tatarstan is a federal subject of Russia located in the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Kazan, which is one of Russia's largest and most prosperous cities. The republic borders with Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Samara, and Orenburg Oblasts, and with the Mari El, Udmurt,...

- Political party: All-Tatar Public Center
  All-Tatar Public Center
  The All-Tatar Public Center, , also known as the Tatar Social Center is a Tatar social organization with a nationalist agenda...
- Proposed state: Tatarstan
  Tatarstan
  The Republic of Tatarstan is a federal subject of Russia located in the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Kazan, which is one of Russia's largest and most prosperous cities. The republic borders with Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Samara, and Orenburg Oblasts, and with the Mari El, Udmurt,...
  
  , Idel-Ural
  Idel-Ural
  Idel-Ural is a historical region in Eastern Europe, in what is today Russia. The name literally means Volga-Urals in the Tatar language. The frequently used Russian variant is Volgo-Uralye...
- Movement: the Udmurt Counsel is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
- Proposed state: Udmurtia
  Udmurtia
  The Udmurt Republic , or Udmurtia is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Izhevsk. Population: -History:...

East Prussia

East Prussia is the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast from the 13th century to the end of World War II in May 1945. From 1772–1829 and 1878–1945, the Province of East Prussia was part of the German state of Prussia. The capital city was Königsberg.East Prussia...

- Proposed state: East Prussia
  East Prussia
  East Prussia is the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast from the 13th century to the end of World War II in May 1945. From 1772–1829 and 1878–1945, the Province of East Prussia was part of the German state of Prussia. The capital city was Königsberg.East Prussia...
  
  (comprises Kaliningrad Oblast
  Kaliningrad Oblast
  Kaliningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia situated on the Baltic coast. It has a population of The oblast forms the westernmost part of the Russian Federation, but it has no land connection to the rest of Russia. Since its creation it has been an exclave of the Russian SFSR and then the...
  
  ) Karelia
  Karelia
  Karelia , the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden...
- Proposed state: East Karelia
  East Karelia
  East Karelia , also rendered as Eastern Karelia or Russian Karelia, is a name for the part of Karelia that since the Treaty of Stolbova in 1617 has remained Christian Orthodox under Russian supremacy. It is separated from the western part of Karelia, called Finnish Karelia or historically Swedish...
  
  or reunification with North Karelia
  North Karelia
  North Karelia is a region in eastern Finland. It borders to the regions of Kainuu, Northern Savonia, Southern Savonia, South Karelia and to Russia.The city of Joensuu is the centre of the North Karelia region.- Municipalities :...
  
  and South Karelia
  South Karelia
  South Karelia is a region of Finland. It borders to the regions of Kymenlaakso, Southern Savonia, North Karelia and to Russia. The term "South Karelia" might also be used to refer to the southern parts of the entire Karelia — the Region of South Karelia is termed "South" because it is the...
  
  and the formation of united Karelia
  Karelia
  Karelia , the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden...
- Proposed state: Ingria
  Ingria
  Ingria is a historical region in the eastern Baltic, now part of Russia, comprising the southern bank of the river Neva, between the Gulf of Finland, the Narva River, Lake Peipus in the west, and Lake Ladoga and the western bank of the Volkhov river in the east...
  
  (comprises Saint Petersburg
  Saint Petersburg
  Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
  
  and Leningrad Oblast
  Leningrad Oblast
  Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
  
  ) Chuvashia
  Chuvashia
  The Chuvash Republic , or Chuvashia for short, is a federal subject of Russia . It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. Population: -Geography:...
- Proposed state: Chuvashia
  Chuvashia
  The Chuvash Republic , or Chuvashia for short, is a federal subject of Russia . It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. Population: -Geography:...
  
  Komi Republic
  Komi Republic
  The Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...
- Proposed state: Komi Republic
  Komi Republic
  The Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...
  
  Mari El
  Mari El
  The Mari El Republic is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Yoshkar-Ola. Population: -Geography:The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia, along the Volga River. The swampy Mari Depression is located in the west of the republic...
- Proposed state: Mari El
  Mari El
  The Mari El Republic is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Yoshkar-Ola. Population: -Geography:The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia, along the Volga River. The swampy Mari Depression is located in the west of the republic...
  
  Mordovia
  Mordovia
  The Republic of Mordovia , also known as Mordvinia, is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Saransk. Population: -Geography:The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia...
- Proposed state: Mordovia
  Mordovia
  The Republic of Mordovia , also known as Mordvinia, is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Saransk. Population: -Geography:The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia...
  
  Bashkortostan
  Bashkortostan
  The Republic of Bashkortostan , also known as Bashkiria is a federal subject of Russia . It is located between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains. Its capital is the city of Ufa...
- Proposed state: Bashkortostan
  Bashkortostan
  The Republic of Bashkortostan , also known as Bashkiria is a federal subject of Russia . It is located between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains. Its capital is the city of Ufa...

Serbia

(member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...

)

- de facto state: Republic of Kosovo
  Republic of Kosovo
  Kosovo , officially the Republic of Kosovo is a partially recognised state and a disputed territory in the Balkans...
- Political parties: Democratic League of Kosovo
  Democratic League of Kosovo
  The Democratic League of Kosovo is the second largest political party in Kosovo. It is a conservative and liberal conservative party; the main right-wing party in Kosovo....
  
  , Alliance for the Future of Kosovo
  Alliance for the Future of Kosovo
  The Alliance for the Future of Kosovo is a political party in Kosovo. It was formed on 29 April 2001.- Leadership :The current president of the party is Ramush Haradinaj. In December 2004 the parliament elected him as Prime Minister of Kosovo and he formed a coalition government with the largest...
  
  , Democratic Party of Kosovo
  Democratic Party of Kosovo
  The Democratic Party of Kosovo is the largest political party in Kosovo . It is a social democratic party and the main leftist party in Kosovo....
  
  , National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo
  National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo
  The National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo is a radical left-wing nationalist political party in Kosovo. It was led by Smajl Latifi who is now leader of Movement for Integration and Unification .- History :...
  
  , The People's Movement for Kosovo
- Militant organisation: Kosovo Liberation Army
  Kosovo Liberation Army
  The Kosovo Liberation Army or KLA was a Kosovar Albanian paramilitary organization which sought the separation of Kosovo from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990s....
  
  (became Kosovo Protection Corps
  Kosovo Protection Corps
  The Kosovo Protection Corps was a civilian emergency services organisation in Kosovo active from 1999 to 2009.The KPC was created on September 21, 1999 through the promulgation of UNMIK Regulation 1999/8 and the agreement of a "Statement of Principles" on the KPC's permitted role in Kosovo...
  
  )
- ; proposed larger level of Autonomy
  Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
  Vojvodina Autonomist Movement is a political movement in the Serbian province of Vojvodina that advocating more autonomy for Vojvodina within Serbia.-History:...
- Political parties: The League of Vojvodina Social Democrats
  League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina
  The League of Vojvodina Social Democrats is a regionalist social democratic political party in Serbia...
  
  Northern Vojvodina; proposed autonomous region: Hungarian Regional Autonomy
  Hungarian Regional Autonomy
  The Hungarian Regional Autonomy is the name of a proposed new administrative unit in the northern part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia...
- Political parties: Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians, Democratic Community of Vojvodina Hungarians, Hungarian Civic Alliance
  Hungarian Civic Alliance, Serbia
  Hungarian Civic Alliance , Građanski Savez Mađara ) is an ethnic Hungarian political party in Serbia, led by Laslo Rac Sabo.In 2008 local elections in Serbia, the Hungarian Civic Alliance won 13.59% of votes in Senta and two seats in the municipal parliament in Ada....
  
  , Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians
  Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians
  The Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians ; , Savez vojvođanskih Mađara ) is an ethnic Hungarian political party in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. Its chairman is István Pásztor. The former party chairman József Kasza is now its honorary president...
  
  ; see also Hungarians in Vojvodina
  Hungarians in Vojvodina
  Hungarians are the second largest ethnic group in the Vojvodina province in northern Serbia. According to the 2002 census, there are 290,207 ethnic Hungarians in Vojvodina who compose 14.28% of the provincial population. The number of ethnic Hungarians in the whole of Serbia is 293,299, and their...
  
  Sandžak
  Sandžak
  Sandžak also known as Raška is a historical region lying along the border between Serbia and Montenegro...
- Proposed state: Bosnia and Herzegovina Sandžak
  Sandžak
  Sandžak also known as Raška is a historical region lying along the border between Serbia and Montenegro...
  
  (merging with Montenegro's part of Sandžak)
  - Political parties: Party of Democratic Action
    Party of Democratic Action
    The Party of Democratic Action is a Bosniak national political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.-History:The Party of Democratic Action was founded in May 1990 by Alija Izetbegović, representing the Bosnian Muslim population...
    
    Preševo Valley
    Preševo Valley
    The Preševo Valley , is an Albanian political catchphrase used to describe the two south Serbian municipalities of Bujanovac and Preševo, which have a majority ethnic Albanian population. Medvedja municipality is sometimes also included under this term, although it has a majority Serbian population...

Spain

Basque Country (autonomous community)

The Basque Country is an autonomous community of northern Spain. It includes the Basque provinces of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa, also called Historical Territories....

and Navarre

Navarre

Navarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France...

(Main article: Basque nationalism

Basque nationalism

Basque nationalism is a political movement advocating for either further political autonomy or, chiefly, full independence of the Basque Country in the wider sense...

)

- Political parties: Partido Nacionalista Vasco (member of the European Democratic Party
  European Democratic Party
  The European Democratic Party is a centrist European political party in favour of European integration. It was initiated on April 16, 2004 and formally founded on December 9 in Brussels...
  
  ), Eusko Alkartasuna
  Eusko Alkartasuna
  Eusko Alkartasuna is a Basque nationalist political party operating in Spain and France. The Basque language name means Basque Solidarity and abbreviated as EA. The party describes itself as a Basque nationalist, democratic, popular, progressive and non-denominational party...
  
  (EFA member), Aralar
  Aralar Party
  Aralar is a Basque socialist and separatist political party in Spain. The party is led by Patxi Zabaleta. It is opposed to the violent struggle of ETA....
  
  , Nafarroa Bai
  Nafarroa Bai
  Nafarroa Bai is a Navarrese coalition of both left and right wing Basque nationalist parties which was created for the 2004 Spanish General election....
  
  , Basque Nationalist Action, Batasuna
  Batasuna
  Batasuna was a Basque nationalist political party based mainly in Spain, where it was outlawed in 2003, after a court ruling declared proven that the party was financing ETA with public money. Batasuna is included in the "European Union list of terrorist persons and organizations" as a component...
  
  (illegalised due to terrorism support), Bildu
  Bildu
  Bildu is a Basque nationalist, separatist and abertzale leftist political coalition active in the Basque Country and Navarre. It was official launched on 3 April 2011...
- Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  LAB is a Basque nationalist trade union operating mainly in Spain currently led by Ainhoa Etxaide.It was created in 1974 by Jon Idigoras among others...
- Youth Advocacy groups: EGI
  Euzko Gaztedi
  Euzko Gaztedi Indarra-EGI is the youth wing of the Basque main nationalist political party, the Basque Nationalist Party . Their presence is in the Basque Country, in the Basque Autonomous Community, Navarre and in the Northern Basque Country...
  
  , Gazte Abertzaleak, Iratzarri, Segi
  SEGI
  Segi is a Basque pro-independence and revolutionary left-wing organization. It forms part of the Basque National Liberation Movement and is aligned with Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak and Batasuna....
- Militant organisation: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) (disbanded)
- Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria, the Balearic Islands
  Balearic Islands
  The Balearic Islands are an archipelago of Spain in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.The four largest islands are: Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera. The archipelago forms an autonomous community and a province of Spain with Palma as the capital...
  
  and the Valencian Community
  Valencian Community
  The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain located in central and south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Valencia...
  
  , known alternatively as Valencian Country (Main articles: Catalan independentism
  Catalan independentism
  Catalan independentism is a political movement, derived from Catalan nationalism, which supports the independence of Catalonia or the so-called Catalan countries from Spain and France...
  
  , Catalan nationalism
  Catalan nationalism
  Catalan nationalism or Catalanism , is a political movement advocating for either further political autonomy or full independence of Catalonia....
  
  and Valencian nationalism)
- Civil Organization: Sobirania i Progrés, Plataforma pel Dret de Decidir, Cercle d'Estudis Sobiranistes, Deu Mil en Xarxa per l'Autodeterminació.
- Advocacy groups: Catalunya Acció, Free Catalonia, Moviment de Defensa de la Terra, Reagrupament
  Reagrupament
  Reagrupament or Reagrupament Independentista is a political party in Catalonia, Spain, formally constituted on 3 October 2009. It is an umbrella group for various supporters of Catalan independence and the creation of a sovereign state for Catalonia. Currently, it has no representation in the...
  
  .
- Youth Advocacy groups: Maulets
  Maulets (politics)
  Maulets is a youth political organisation that belongs to the Catalan fascist independentist movement. Its task is to mobilise the young fascists of Catalonia in order to achieve an independent and totalitarian nation....
  
  , Coordinadora d'Assemblees de Joves de l'Esquerra Independentista, Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Endavant, Sindicat d'Estudiants dels Països Catalans, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Negres Tempestes.
- Political parties (pro-Catalan Countries
  Catalan Countries
  The Catalan term Països Catalans refers to the territories where the Catalan language is spoken.The first mentions of the term date back to the late 19th century, but it never surpassed the limits of a small circle of Catalan authors until its strictly cultural dimension became increasingly...
  
  ): Candidatura d'Unitat Popular (in the Catalan Countries
  Catalan Countries
  The Catalan term Països Catalans refers to the territories where the Catalan language is spoken.The first mentions of the term date back to the late 19th century, but it never surpassed the limits of a small circle of Catalan authors until its strictly cultural dimension became increasingly...
  
  ), Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
  Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
  The Republican Left of Catalonia is a left wing Catalan independentist political party in Spain. It is also the main sponsor of the independence movement from France and Spain in the territories known among Catalan nationalists as Països Catalans...
  
  (in Catalonia, Balearic Islands, and Northern Catalonia
  Northern Catalonia
  Northern Catalonia is a term that is sometimes used, particularly in Catalan writings, to refer to the territory ceded to France by Spain through the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659...
  
  ; called Esquerra Republicana del País Valencià in the Valencian Community) (EFA member), Estat Català
  Estat Català
  Estat Català is a historical pro-independence political party in Catalonia, Spain.Despite its role in the 20th and 21st centuries both in Catalan and Spanish politics, ever since Spain returned to democracy in the 1970s, the party has not managed to get any of its candidates elected, having...
  
  (only based in Catalonia), Solidaritat Catalana per la Independència
  Solidaritat Catalana per la Independència
  Catalan Solidarity for Independence is a political party in Catalonia, founded in the summer of 2010 as an outcome of the grassroots social movement that initiated and organized the Catalonian independence referendums of 2009 and 2010...
  
  , Democràcia Catalana.
- Political parties (based in the Balearic Islands
  Balearic Islands
  The Balearic Islands are an archipelago of Spain in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.The four largest islands are: Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera. The archipelago forms an autonomous community and a province of Spain with Palma as the capital...
  
  ): Partit Socialista de Mallorca-Entesa Nacionalista
  Majorca Socialist Party
  The Majorca Socialist Party is a political party in Majorca, Spain. The PSM defines itself as socialist, environmentalist, and Catalan nationalist, from a Majorcan point of view....
  
  (in Majorca), Entesa de l'Esquerra de Menorca (in Minorca
  Minorca
  Min Orca or Menorca is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. It takes its name from being smaller than the nearby island of Majorca....
  
  ).
- Political parties (based in the Valencian Community
  Valencian Community
  The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain located in central and south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Valencia...
  
  ): Esquerra Republicana del País Valencià, Bloc Nacionalista Valencià, Coalició Compromís
  Coalició Compromís
  Coalició Compromís , literally Coalition Commitment, is an electoral alliance in the Valencian Community in Spain. The parties involved include the Valencian Nationalist Bloc, the left-wing Valencian People's Initiative, and ecologist parties...
  
  .
- Political parties (autonomist): Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya, Unió Democràtica de Catalunya (in Catalonia only); Unió Mallorquina (in Majorca only).
- Proposed state: Catalan Countries – Països Catalans (Valencian nationalists propose either a dependent state within the Catalan Countries, or a separate state).
- Proposed flag: Estelada
  Estelada
  The Estelada is an unofficial flag typically waved by Catalan independentists to express their support for an either independent Catalonia or independent Països Catalans...
  
  Galicia (Main article: Galician nationalism
  Galician nationalism
  Galician nationalism is a political movement arguing for the recognition of Galicia as a nation. The political movement referred to as modern Galician nationalism was born at the beginning of the twentieth century from the idea of Galicianism.- Ideology :...
  
  )
- Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego
  Bloque Nacionalista Galego
  The Galician Nationalist Bloc is a Galician nationalist coalition of political parties. It is self-defined as a "patriotic front".Formed in 1982, under the guidance of historical leader Xosé Manuel Beiras, the BNG advocates for further devolution of powers to the Parliament of Galicia and the...
  
  (Galician Nationalist Block) (autonomist) (EFA member), NÓS-Unidade Popular
  Nós-Unidade Popular
  Nós-Unidade Popular is a Galician nationalist political party. It was formed by the merger of Assembleia da Mocidade Independentista, Primeira Linha, and other organizations. It currently lacks any institutional representation.-Activities:...
  
  (WE-Popular Unity) (independentist), Frente Popular Galego (Galician Popular Front) (independentist), Partido Galeguista
  Partido Galeguista (1978)
  The Partido Galeguista was a Galician party founded in 1978, referring to itself as the historical descendant of the Partido Galeguista in the Second Spanish Republic .-History:...
  
  (The Galician Party), Terra Galega
  Terra Galega
  Terra Galega is a coalition of center-wing Galician nationalist political parties; it was established on November 4, 2005; but the name has been registered since May 2005....
  
  Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party)
- Youth Advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF
- Militant organisation: Resistência Galega
  Resistência Galega
  Resistência Galega , sometimes referred to as REGA, is the term used by a series of left-wing and Galician separatist organizations and individuals to claim attacks in the northern region of Spain. The term was first used in 2005 when a manifest named Manifesto da Resistência Galega appeared on the...
- Proposed state: Galician Republic (Main article: Andalusian nationalism
  Andalusian nationalism
  Andalusian nationalism or Andalusian regionalism, sometimes referred as Andalucismo in Spanish, is the name given to the political movement in Spain advocating the recognition of Andalusian people as a "nation". It is considered to be represented primarily by the Andalusian Party but there are also...
  
  )
- Political parties (autonomist): Partido Andalucista, Partido Socialista Andaluz, Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas, Partido Comunista del Pueblo Andaluz
- Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Asamblea Nacional de Andalucia
- Youth movement: Jaleo!!!, Juventudes Andalucistas
- Proposed state: Andalusia
  Andalusia
  Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
- Political party (autonomist): Chunta Aragonesista
  Aragonese Council
  The Chunta Aragonesista is a political party of Aragon , influenced by socialism, ecologism and pacifism. CHA defends a federal state, greater financial resources for Aragon, and the protection of the environment and hydrological resources of the Ebro Valley...
  
  (EFA member)
- Political party (secessionist): Estau Aragonés, Tierra Aragonesa
- Advocacy groups: Puyalón
- Youth movement: Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista, A Enrestida
- Proposed state: Aragon
  Aragon
  Aragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
  
  (Main article: Asturian nationalism
  Asturian nationalism
  Nationalism and regionalism is present in the politics spectrum of the Principality of Asturias. Although asturian nationalist parties like Partíu Asturianista did have institutional representation in the Asturian parliament and government and others like Andecha Astur have also political...
  
  )
- Political parties (autonomist): Partíu Asturianista
  Partíu Asturianista
  Partíu Asturianista is a nationalist political party from Asturias, Spain,founded in 1985 by Xuan Xosé Sánchez Vicente.-Ideology:...
  
  , URAS
- Political parties (secessionist): Unidá Nacionalista Asturiana (EFA member), Bloque por Asturies, Andecha Astur
  Andecha Astur
  thumb|"[[Asturina cola estrella bermeya]]". A [[Red star|socialist]] and nationalist flag of [[Asturias]] used by Andecha AsturAndecha Astur is an Asturian nationalist leftist political party of Spain.-History:The party was founded in 1990...
- Youth movements: Darréu
  Darréu
  Darréu - Mocedá Nacionaliego is a left-wing Asturian nationalist youth organization. It is based in the Asturias region of northwestern Spain.-Ideology:...
  
  , UNA-Mocedá , Fai!
- Trade Unions: CSI, SUATEA, Frenti Estudiantil d'Asturies
- Other pro-independence organisations: Sofitu
- Proposed state: Socialist Republic of Asturias
  Asturias
  The Principality of Asturias is an autonomous community of the Kingdom of Spain, coextensive with the former Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages...
- Proposed flag: Asturina
- Political party: Conceju Nacionaliegu Cántabru
- Youth movement: Regüelta (Revolt)
- Trade union: Intersindical Cántabra
- Proposed state: Cantabria
  Cantabria
  Cantabria is a Spanish historical region and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city. It is bordered on the east by the Basque Autonomous Community , on the south by Castile and León , on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea.Cantabria...
- Proposed flag: Lábaro
  Lábaro
  The Lábaro is a modern interpretation of an ancient military standard of the Cantabri people from pre-Roman Iberum. It consists of a purple cloth on which there is what would be called in heraldry a "saltire voided " made up of curved lines, with knobs at the end of each line.Additionally, and...
  
  (Main article: Canarian nationalism
  Canarian nationalism
  Canarian nationalism is a political movement that encourages the national consciousness of the Canarian people. The term includes several ideological trends, ranging from the right to self-determination to a demand for further autonomy within Spain.-Self-government through history:The origins of...
  
  )
- Political parties: Coalición Canaria
- Proposed state: Canary Islands
  Canary Islands
  The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...
  
  Castile
  Castile (historical region)
  A former kingdom, Castile gradually merged with its neighbours to become the Crown of Castile and later the Kingdom of Spain when united with the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre...
  
  (Main article: Castilian nationalism
  Castilian nationalism
  Castilian nationalism, or Castilianism, is a political movement that advocates for the national recognition of Castile, and in some cases, its independence....
  
  )
- Political parties (autonomist): Tierra Comunera
  Tierra Comunera
  Tierra Comunera is a nationalist political party in the Spanish historical region of Castile. It is modelled after the Basque and Catalan nationalist parties but does not advocate full independence for Castile, instead favoring cooperation or unification among what they call the five Castilian...
- Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana
  Izquierda Castellana
  The Castilian Left is a leftist nationalist political movement active in the Spanish historical region of Castile.-History:Izquierda Castellana constituted a definitive movement in Madrid by the year 2002, as a section of Izquierda Comunera, which also included the organizations Unidad Popular...
  
  , Movimiento Popular Castellano,
- Youth movement: YESCA
- Proposed state: Castile
  Castile (historical region)
  A former kingdom, Castile gradually merged with its neighbours to become the Crown of Castile and later the Kingdom of Spain when united with the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre...
- Proposed flag: Pendón Morado, Pendón Estrellado León
  León (province)
  León is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.About one quarter of its population of 500,200 lives in the capital, León. The weather is cold and dry during the winter....
- Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés (UPL or Leonese People's Union), Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (PREPAL), Unión del Pueblo Salmantino (UPS), Partido Carlista del Reino de León (PC)
- Proposed state: País Llïonés - Leonese Country (Conceyu Xoven)
- Proposed autonomous region: Comunidad Autónoma de León - Autonomous Community of León (UPL, PREPAL, UPS, PC)
- Civil organisations: Ciudadanos del Reino de Leon (CCRRLL), Ciudadanos Zamoranos (CCZZ)
- Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven
  Conceyu Xoven
  Conceyu Xoven is a Spanish political youth organisation affiliated with Leonese People's Union in León and Zamora demanding the independence of the Leonese Country....
  
  (Young Council)
- Principal Article: Leonese regionalist movement

Sweden

Sami

Sami people

The Sami people, also spelled Sámi, or Saami, are the arctic indigenous people inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of far northern Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Kola Peninsula of Russia, and the border area between south and middle Sweden and Norway. The Sámi are Europe’s northernmost...

- Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi Scania
  Skåneland
  Skåneland or Skånelandene are terms used in historical contexts in Scandinavia to describe the area on the southern and south-western part of the Scandinavian peninsula, which under the Treaty of Roskilde was transferred from Denmark to Sweden. It corresponds to the provinces of Blekinge,...
  
  Political or cultural organisation: Stiftelsen Skånsk Framtid (Scanian Future Foundation) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
  The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization , formed in 11 February 1991, in The Hague, is an international organization of political organisations and governments representing self-proclaimed "indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognised or occupied territories". The organization...
  
  )

Switzerland

Internal secessionism

- Political party: Mouvement Indépendantiste Jurassien (Jurassian Independentist Movement), Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien(Jurassian Autonomist Movement), Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)

Turkey

Kurdish people
Kurdish people
The Kurdish people, or Kurds , are an Iranian people native to the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey...
- Proposed state:
  Kurdistan
  - Political party: Peace and Democracy Party (BDP)
    Peace and Democracy Party
    The Peace and Democracy Party ) is a political party in the Republic of Turkey. It succeeded the Democratic Society Party following the closure of the latter party for its alleged connections with the PKK, which is listed as a terrorist organization by the EU.The BDP has observer status in the...
  - Militant organisation: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
    Kurdistan Workers Party
    The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
    
    Laz people
    Laz people
    The Laz are an ethnic group native to the Black Sea coastal regions of Turkey and Georgia...
- Proposed state: Lazistan
  Lazistan
  Lazistan was the Ottoman administrative name for the sanjak comprising the Laz or Lazuri-speaking population on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea. However, its boundaries did not coincide with the Laz-speaking area...

Ukraine

(the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People

Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People

The Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People is the central executive body of the Kurultai of Crimean Tatars, living in their homeland of Crimea, Ukraine...

is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization