List of Georgian Wars
Encyclopedia
This is a list of wars fought by the nation of Georgia
, from all its periods of independence to the present day.
Mid-8th century B.C.
- The oldest Georgian state of Diaokhi destroyed by the Urartians
.
The 720s BC - Western Georgian power of Colchis
fell under Cimmerian incursions.
The end of the 4th century BC - War of liberation of the eastern Georgian tribes under Prince Parnavaz. Creation of the first Georgian kingdom of Kartli
(Iberia
).
65 BC - The Roman
expedition in Kartli
and Colchis
under Pompey
.
134 AD
- King Parsman of Iberia organizes the Alans
’ raids against the Roman
and Parthia
n vassal states (Albania
, Midia, Armenia
, Cappadocia
).
270s AD - Anti-Roman uprising in Colchis
.
482-484 - King Vakhtang I Gorgasali
's war of resistance to the Persian invaders in Kartli
.
542-562 - Persian-Byzantine
wars in Colchis
(Egrisi
).
572 - Persians expelled as a result of national uprising in Kartli
.
627 - Fall of Tbilisi
under Byzantine
and Khakhan attack.
640s-1068 - Arab
invasions in Georgia; Georgian resistance to Arab invaders.
1080 - Turk-Seljuk invasions in Georgia (the so-called Great Turkish Conquests: "Didi Turkoba" in Georgian).
1099-1125 - Wars of King David the Builder. Turks
and Arabs expelled from Georgia; reunification of the Kingdom of Georgia; conquest of the neighbouring lands in Caucasus
; a strong feudal state established; several Muslim
attacks repelled.
12 August 1121 - Battle of Didgori: the greatest victory in Georgian military history.
1122 - Liberation of Arab-held Tbilisi
by David the Builder.
1195 - Battle of Shamkor
(see Tamar of Georgia
).
1203 - Battle of Basian
(see Tamar of Georgia
).
1210 - Expedition of Georgian army in Iran
.
1225-1231- Khorasm invasion in Georgia; Georgians defeated at Garnisi (1225); the fall of Tbilisi
(1226).
1235-1236 - Mongol conquests of Georgia.
1259-1260, 1297 - Unsuccessful uprisings against Mongols
.
1330s - King Giorgi the Brilliant
expelled Mongols
and restored the strength and integrity of the Kingdom of Georgia
.
1386-1403 - Tamerlane's (Timur) invasions of Georgia
. The peace treaty signed in 1403.
XV-XVIII centuries - Wars of resistance to the Persian and Ottoman
invaders.
September 1795 - The last Persian invasion; battle of Krtsanisi: 4.500 Georgians under King Erekle II
defeated by 38.000 Persians; Tiflis fell after heroic resistance.
1810 - War of independence in the western Georgian Kingdom of Imereti
; Russia occupies and annexes Imereti. King Solomon II (the last Georgian monarch of Bagrationi dynasty) forced to flee after being defeated by overwhelming Russian troops.
Georgia served as a battlefield in all Russian-Turkish
and Russian-Persian wars in the 19th cent.
1857 - A large anti-Russian rebellion in Samegrelo
(Principality of Mengrelia).
1914-1918 - World War I; collapse of Russian Empire
; declaration of the Democratic Republic of Georgia
(May 26, 1918).
April–June, 1918 - Turkish-Georgian war; Turkish temporary occupation of Batumi
and Akhalkhalaki.
December 1918 - Georgian-Armenian war 1918
.
1918-1919 - Unsuccessful Russian-backed pro-Bolshevik
revolts in various regions of Georgia.
October 1919-April 1920 - First Soviet Russian
aggression : border clashes during the Bolshevik coup attempt
; Peace Treaty of Moscow
signed on May 7, 1920; Soviet Russia
recognized Georgian independence.
February 11-March 19, 1921 - The Bolshevik Russia's Red Army
attacks and occupies
the whole territory of Georgia. The legal government of Georgia is forced to leave the country.
March 12, 1921 - Turkish
troops occupied Batumi
as Soviet armies invaded Georgia. Troops of the ousted Menshevik
government under General Giorgi Kvinitadze
and General Giorgi Mazniashvili
, remaining in western parts of the country, expelled the Turks
on March 18 and ceded Batumi
to the Soviets to avoid the loss of Ajara region.
1922 -1924 - Guerrilla resistance to the Soviet occupation.
August 1924 - Unsuccessful popular uprising against the Soviet occupation; repressions and terror in Georgia.
1939 -1945 - World War II. Georgia contributed 700.000 soldiers to the Red army
and more than 400.000 fell in the war. A few thousands Georgian émigrés (e.g., the Georgian Committee, the political organization of Tetri Giorgi
and the Georgian Legion
of Wehrmacht
under major-general Shalva Maglakelidze) collaborated with the Nazis hoping to liberate their Motherland with the help of Germany. Many Georgians were involved in resistance movements against the Nazi occupants in France, Italy, etc. Georgian guerrilla fighter Pore Mosulishvili
became a national hero of Italy. Georgian émigré, colonel of the French Foreign Legion
Dimitri Amilakhvari
was prominent military officer of the French Resistance
.
See also Georgian Uprising of Texel
.
January 5, 1991 - July 14, 1992 - Armed conflict in former "South Ossetia
" autonomy; escalated again in July–August 2004; still unresolved.
December 22, 1991- January 6, 1992 - Violent military coup d'état
in Tbilisi
. First President of the Republic of Georgia, Dr. Zviad Gamsakhurdia
overthrown. He was forced to leave Georgia.
August 14, 1992-May 15, 1994 - War in Abkhazia
; ethnic conflict and Russian intervention. The conflict escalated again in May 1998 and October 2001; remains unresolved.
October–November 1993- Civil war
in western Georgia; President Gamsakhurdia's forces defeated. Gamsakhurdia's death (December 31, 1993).
The Kosovo Force (KFOR)
International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan
International Stabilization Force in Iraq
2008 Conflict in South Ossetia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
, from all its periods of independence to the present day.
Mid-8th century B.C.
Anno Domini
and Before Christ are designations used to label or number years used with the Julian and Gregorian calendars....
- The oldest Georgian state of Diaokhi destroyed by the Urartians
Urartu
Urartu , corresponding to Ararat or Kingdom of Van was an Iron Age kingdom centered around Lake Van in the Armenian Highland....
.
The 720s BC - Western Georgian power of Colchis
Colchis
In ancient geography, Colchis or Kolkhis was an ancient Georgian state kingdom and region in Western Georgia, which played an important role in the ethnic and cultural formation of the Georgian nation.The Kingdom of Colchis contributed significantly to the development of medieval Georgian...
fell under Cimmerian incursions.
The end of the 4th century BC - War of liberation of the eastern Georgian tribes under Prince Parnavaz. Creation of the first Georgian kingdom of Kartli
Kartli
Kartli is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari , on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated. Known to the Classical authors as Iberia, Kartli played a crucial role in ethnic and political consolidation of the Georgians in the Middle Ages...
(Iberia
Caucasian Iberia
Iberia , also known as Iveria , was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli , corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia...
).
65 BC - The Roman
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization where the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 508 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and...
expedition in Kartli
Kartli
Kartli is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari , on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated. Known to the Classical authors as Iberia, Kartli played a crucial role in ethnic and political consolidation of the Georgians in the Middle Ages...
and Colchis
Colchis
In ancient geography, Colchis or Kolkhis was an ancient Georgian state kingdom and region in Western Georgia, which played an important role in the ethnic and cultural formation of the Georgian nation.The Kingdom of Colchis contributed significantly to the development of medieval Georgian...
under Pompey
Pompey
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey or Pompey the Great , was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic...
.
134 AD
Anno Domini
and Before Christ are designations used to label or number years used with the Julian and Gregorian calendars....
- King Parsman of Iberia organizes the Alans
Alans
The Alans, or the Alani, occasionally termed Alauni or Halani, were a group of Sarmatian tribes, nomadic pastoralists of the 1st millennium AD who spoke an Eastern Iranian language which derived from Scytho-Sarmatian and which in turn evolved into modern Ossetian.-Name:The various forms of Alan —...
’ raids against the Roman
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
and Parthia
Parthia
Parthia is a region of north-eastern Iran, best known for having been the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire....
n vassal states (Albania
Albania
Albania , officially known as the Republic of Albania , is a country in Southeastern Europe, in the Balkans region. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea...
, Midia, Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
, Cappadocia
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in Nevşehir Province.In the time of Herodotus, the Cappadocians were reported as occupying the whole region from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine...
).
270s AD - Anti-Roman uprising in Colchis
Colchis
In ancient geography, Colchis or Kolkhis was an ancient Georgian state kingdom and region in Western Georgia, which played an important role in the ethnic and cultural formation of the Georgian nation.The Kingdom of Colchis contributed significantly to the development of medieval Georgian...
.
482-484 - King Vakhtang I Gorgasali
Vakhtang I Gorgasali
Vakhtang I "Gorgasali" , of the Chosroid dynasty, was a king of Iberia, natively known as Kartli in the second half of the 5th and first quarter of the 6th century. Gorgasali is a sobriquet meaning in Iranian "wolf’s head"...
's war of resistance to the Persian invaders in Kartli
Kartli
Kartli is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari , on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated. Known to the Classical authors as Iberia, Kartli played a crucial role in ethnic and political consolidation of the Georgians in the Middle Ages...
.
542-562 - Persian-Byzantine
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
wars in Colchis
Colchis
In ancient geography, Colchis or Kolkhis was an ancient Georgian state kingdom and region in Western Georgia, which played an important role in the ethnic and cultural formation of the Georgian nation.The Kingdom of Colchis contributed significantly to the development of medieval Georgian...
(Egrisi
Egrisi
Lazica or Egrisi in Georgian |Georgia]], named after the Laz tribe, which at some time dominated the local ruling élite.The kingdom flourished between the 6th century BC and the 7th century AD. It covered part of the territory of the former kingdom Colchis and subjugated the territory of modern...
).
572 - Persians expelled as a result of national uprising in Kartli
Kartli
Kartli is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari , on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated. Known to the Classical authors as Iberia, Kartli played a crucial role in ethnic and political consolidation of the Georgians in the Middle Ages...
.
627 - Fall of Tbilisi
Tbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
under Byzantine
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
and Khakhan attack.
640s-1068 - Arab
Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
invasions in Georgia; Georgian resistance to Arab invaders.
1080 - Turk-Seljuk invasions in Georgia (the so-called Great Turkish Conquests: "Didi Turkoba" in Georgian).
1099-1125 - Wars of King David the Builder. Turks
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and Arabs expelled from Georgia; reunification of the Kingdom of Georgia; conquest of the neighbouring lands in Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
; a strong feudal state established; several Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
attacks repelled.
12 August 1121 - Battle of Didgori: the greatest victory in Georgian military history.
1122 - Liberation of Arab-held Tbilisi
Tbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
by David the Builder.
1195 - Battle of Shamkor
Battle of Shamkor
Battle of Shamkor was fought on June 1, 1195 near the city of Shamkor, Arran , the Battle of Shamkor was a major victory won by the Georgian army, commanded by David Soslan, over the army of the Azerbaijani Atabeg Abu Bakr.The battle was fought as part of several conflicts between the Atabeg State...
(see Tamar of Georgia
Tamar of Georgia
Tamar , of the Bagrationi dynasty, was Queen Regnant of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. Tamar presided over the "Golden age" of the medieval Georgian monarchy...
).
1203 - Battle of Basian
Battle of Basian
The Battle of Basian was fought, in the 13th century, between the armies of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuqid Sultanate of Rüm in the Basian vale 60 km northeast of the city of Erzurum in what is now northeast Republic of Turkey. The battle is variously dated between 1202 and 1205, but...
(see Tamar of Georgia
Tamar of Georgia
Tamar , of the Bagrationi dynasty, was Queen Regnant of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. Tamar presided over the "Golden age" of the medieval Georgian monarchy...
).
1210 - Expedition of Georgian army in Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
.
1225-1231- Khorasm invasion in Georgia; Georgians defeated at Garnisi (1225); the fall of Tbilisi
Tbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
(1226).
1235-1236 - Mongol conquests of Georgia.
1259-1260, 1297 - Unsuccessful uprisings against Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
.
1330s - King Giorgi the Brilliant
George V of Georgia
George V, the "Brilliant" was King of Georgia from 1299 to 1302 and again from 1314 until his death. A flexible and far-sighted politician, he recovered Georgia from a century-long Mongol domination, restoring the country’s previous strength and Christian culture.-Reign:George was born to King...
expelled Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
and restored the strength and integrity of the Kingdom of Georgia
Kingdom of Georgia
The Kingdom of Georgia was a medieval monarchy established in AD 978 by Bagrat III.It flourished during the 11th and 12th centuries, the so-called "golden age" of the history of Georgia. It fell to the Mongol invasions of the 13th century, but managed to re-assert sovereignty by 1327...
.
1386-1403 - Tamerlane's (Timur) invasions of Georgia
Timur's invasions of Georgia
Georgia, a Christian kingdom in the Caucasus, was subjected, between 1386 and 1404, to several disastrous invasions by the Islamic armies of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur, whose vast empire stretched, at its greatest extent, from Central Asia into Anatolia.These conflicts were intimately linked with...
. The peace treaty signed in 1403.
XV-XVIII centuries - Wars of resistance to the Persian and Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
invaders.
September 1795 - The last Persian invasion; battle of Krtsanisi: 4.500 Georgians under King Erekle II
Erekle II
Erekle II was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi Dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. In the contemporary Persian sources he is referred to as Erekli Khan, while Russians knew him as Irakli...
defeated by 38.000 Persians; Tiflis fell after heroic resistance.
1810 - War of independence in the western Georgian Kingdom of Imereti
Imereti
Imereti is a province in Georgia situated along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni river. It consists of the following Georgian administrative-territorial units:#Kutaisi #Baghdati region#Vani region#Zestafoni region...
; Russia occupies and annexes Imereti. King Solomon II (the last Georgian monarch of Bagrationi dynasty) forced to flee after being defeated by overwhelming Russian troops.
Georgia served as a battlefield in all Russian-Turkish
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and Russian-Persian wars in the 19th cent.
1857 - A large anti-Russian rebellion in Samegrelo
Samegrelo
Samegrelo/Samargalo or Megrelia, Mingrelia is a historic province in the western part of Georgia, formerly also known as Odishi.It is inhabited by the Megrelians, an ethnic subgroup of the Georgians.-Geography and Climate:...
(Principality of Mengrelia).
1914-1918 - World War I; collapse of Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
; declaration of the Democratic Republic of Georgia
Democratic Republic of Georgia
The Democratic Republic of Georgia , 1918–1921, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia.The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917...
(May 26, 1918).
April–June, 1918 - Turkish-Georgian war; Turkish temporary occupation of Batumi
Batumi
Batumi is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. Sometimes considered Georgia's second capital, with a population of 121,806 , Batumi serves as an important port and a commercial center. It is situated in a subtropical zone, rich in...
and Akhalkhalaki.
December 1918 - Georgian-Armenian war 1918
Georgian-Armenian War 1918
Georgian-Armenian War was a border war fought in 1918 between the Democratic Republic of Georgia and the Democratic Republic of Armenia over the parts of the then-disputed provinces of Lori, Javakheti, and Borchalo district, which had been historically Armeno-Georgian marchlands, but were largely...
.
1918-1919 - Unsuccessful Russian-backed pro-Bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
revolts in various regions of Georgia.
October 1919-April 1920 - First Soviet Russian
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....
aggression : border clashes during the Bolshevik coup attempt
1920 Georgian coup attempt
The Georgian coup in May 1920 was an unsuccessful attempt to take power by the Bolsheviks in the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Relying on the 11th Red Army of Soviet Russia operating in neighboring Azerbaijan, the Bolsheviks, attempted to take control of a military school and government offices...
; Peace Treaty of Moscow
Treaty of Moscow (1920)
The Treaty of Moscow , signed between Soviet Russia and the Democratic Republic of Georgia in Moscow on May 7, 1920, granted Georgia de jure recognition of independence in exchange of the promise not to grant asylum on Georgian soil to troops of powers hostile to Bolshevik Russia.- Background...
signed on May 7, 1920; Soviet Russia
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....
recognized Georgian independence.
February 11-March 19, 1921 - The Bolshevik Russia's Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
attacks and occupies
Red Army invasion of Georgia
The Red Army invasion of Georgia also known as the Soviet–Georgian War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia was a military campaign by the Soviet Russian Red Army against the Democratic Republic of Georgia aimed at overthrowing the Social-Democratic government and installing the Bolshevik regime...
the whole territory of Georgia. The legal government of Georgia is forced to leave the country.
March 12, 1921 - Turkish
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
troops occupied Batumi
Batumi
Batumi is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. Sometimes considered Georgia's second capital, with a population of 121,806 , Batumi serves as an important port and a commercial center. It is situated in a subtropical zone, rich in...
as Soviet armies invaded Georgia. Troops of the ousted Menshevik
Menshevik
The Mensheviks were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1904 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party. The dispute originated at the Second Congress of that party, ostensibly over minor issues...
government under General Giorgi Kvinitadze
Giorgi Kvinitadze
Giorgi Kvinitadze was a Georgian military commander who rose from an officer in the Imperial Russian army to commander-in-chief of the Democratic Republic of Georgia...
and General Giorgi Mazniashvili
Giorgi Mazniashvili
Giorgi Mazniashvili was a Georgian general and one of the most prominent military figures in the Democratic Republic of Georgia...
, remaining in western parts of the country, expelled the Turks
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
on March 18 and ceded Batumi
Batumi
Batumi is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. Sometimes considered Georgia's second capital, with a population of 121,806 , Batumi serves as an important port and a commercial center. It is situated in a subtropical zone, rich in...
to the Soviets to avoid the loss of Ajara region.
1922 -1924 - Guerrilla resistance to the Soviet occupation.
August 1924 - Unsuccessful popular uprising against the Soviet occupation; repressions and terror in Georgia.
1939 -1945 - World War II. Georgia contributed 700.000 soldiers to the Red army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
and more than 400.000 fell in the war. A few thousands Georgian émigrés (e.g., the Georgian Committee, the political organization of Tetri Giorgi
Tetri Giorgi (organization)
Tetri Giorgi has been a name of several political and paramilitary organizations as well as non-political foundations operating in Georgia or by Georgians abroad. It is derived from the cult of Tetri Giorgi, one of the Georgian identities of St...
and the Georgian Legion
Georgian Legion
The Georgian Legion was a name of a Georgian military formation within the German army during World War II. Their established aim was the restoration of Georgia’s independence from the Soviet Union.- History :...
of Wehrmacht
Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
under major-general Shalva Maglakelidze) collaborated with the Nazis hoping to liberate their Motherland with the help of Germany. Many Georgians were involved in resistance movements against the Nazi occupants in France, Italy, etc. Georgian guerrilla fighter Pore Mosulishvili
Pore Mosulishvili
Pore Mosulishvili was a Georgian soldier and partisan in the Italian resistance movement. He was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor and the title Hero of the Soviet Union for actions during the Second World War.-Biography:Pore Nikolaevich Mosulishvili born in July 20, 1916 to...
became a national hero of Italy. Georgian émigré, colonel of the French Foreign Legion
French Foreign Legion
The French Foreign Legion is a unique military service wing of the French Army established in 1831. The foreign legion was exclusively created for foreign nationals willing to serve in the French Armed Forces...
Dimitri Amilakhvari
Dimitri Amilakhvari
Prince Dimitri Zedguinidze-Amilakhvari, more commonly known as Dimitri Amilakhvari was a French military officer and Lieutenant Colonel of the French Foreign Legion, of Georgian origin who played an influential role in the French Resistance against Nazi occupation in World War II, and became an...
was prominent military officer of the French Resistance
French Resistance
The French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II...
.
See also Georgian Uprising of Texel
Georgian Uprising of Texel
The Georgian Uprising on Texel was an insurrection by the 882nd Infantry Battalion Königin Tamara of the Georgian Legion of the German Army stationed on the German occupied Dutch island of Texel . The battalion was made up of 800 Georgians and 400 Germans, with mainly German officers...
.
January 5, 1991 - July 14, 1992 - Armed conflict in former "South Ossetia
South Ossetia
South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic....
" autonomy; escalated again in July–August 2004; still unresolved.
December 22, 1991- January 6, 1992 - Violent military coup d'état
Coup d'état
A coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...
in Tbilisi
Tbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
. First President of the Republic of Georgia, Dr. Zviad Gamsakhurdia
Zviad Gamsakhurdia
Zviad Gamsakhurdia was a dissident, scientist and writer, who became the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Georgia in the post-Soviet era...
overthrown. He was forced to leave Georgia.
August 14, 1992-May 15, 1994 - War in Abkhazia
Abkhazia
Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...
; ethnic conflict and Russian intervention. The conflict escalated again in May 1998 and October 2001; remains unresolved.
October–November 1993- Civil war
Civil war
A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly-united nation state....
in western Georgia; President Gamsakhurdia's forces defeated. Gamsakhurdia's death (December 31, 1993).
The Kosovo Force (KFOR)
International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
International Stabilization Force in Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
2008 Conflict in South Ossetia