Jerzy Linderski is a Polish contemporary scholar of ancient history and Roman religion and law.

Currently George L. Paddison

George L. Paddison

George Lucas Paddison was an American assistant professor, lawyer, and sales supervisor.George Paddison, a native of North Carolina, studied chemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1905. He studied further at Kentucky State University and...

 Professor of Latin Emeritus at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States...

, Jerzy Linderski is one of the foremost classical philologists and Roman historians of the modern era. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Kraków

Kraków

Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...

 in Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

 in 1960. He has served on the faculties of the University of Oregon

University of Oregon

-Colleges and schools:The University of Oregon is organized into eight schools and colleges—six professional schools and colleges, an Arts and Sciences College and an Honors College.- School of Architecture and Allied Arts :...

 and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States...

. His scholarship has concentrated, in particular, on topics of Roman

Roman mythology

Roman mythology is the body of traditional stories pertaining to ancient Rome's legendary origins and religious system, as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans...

 religion

Religion

Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to...

 and augury, Roman law

Roman law

Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, and the legal developments which occurred before the 7th century AD — when the Roman–Byzantine state adopted Greek as the language of government. The development of Roman law comprises more than a thousand years of jurisprudence — from the Twelve...

 and Latin

Latin

Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...

 epigraphy

Epigraphy

Epigraphy Epigraphy Epigraphy (from the , literally "on-writing", is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing; that is, the science of identifying the graphemes and of classifying their use as to cultural context and date, elucidating their meaning and assessing what conclusions can be...

.

Books

1. Pánstwo a kolegia ze studiów nad historią rzymckich stowarzyszeń u schyłku republiki. (1961).
2. Rzymskie zgromadzenie wyborcze od Sulli do Cezara. (1966).
3. Roman Questions: Selected Papers. (Steiner, 1995).
4. ed. Imperium sine fine. T. Robert S. Broughton and the Roman republic. (Stuttgart: Steiner, 1996) X, 234 S., Abb. Taf., ed. Linderski, J., (Historia, Einzelschriften, 105).
5. [Festschrift] C.F. Konrad ed. Augusto augurio: Rerum humanarum et divinarum commentationes in honorem Jerzy Linderski. (Steiner, 2004). [Includes papers by former students, including Frances Hickson-Hahn, Timothy J. Moore, Christopher McDonough, Hans-Friedrich Mueller, Matthew Panciera, Michael Johnson, Jonathan Perry, Daniel Gargola, Tadeusz Mazurek, and C.F. Konrad].
6. Roman Questions II: Selected Papers. (Steiner, [October 2007]).

Articles

1. "Notes on CIL
   Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
   The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions. It forms an authoritative source for documenting the surviving epigraphy of classical antiquity. Public and personal inscriptions throw light on all aspects of Roman life and history...
   
    I³ 364". PP 13 (1958) 47-50.
2. "Świadectwo Askoniusza o położeniu prawnym kołegiøw u schyłku republiki." (Poln.) ['Germ. Ein Zeugnis des Asconius zur Rechtslage der Collegien am Ende der Republik.] Eos 50 (1959-60) 133-141.
3. "Zum Namen Competalis." Glotta 39 (1960) 145-149.
4. "Ciceros Rede "Pro Caelio" und die Ambitus- und Vereinsgesetzgebung der ausgehenden Republik." Hermes 89 (1961) 106-119.
5. "Two speeches of Q. Hortensius
   Quintus Hortensius
   Quintus Hortensius Hortalus was a Roman orator and advocate.At the age of nineteen he made his first speech at the bar, and shortly afterwards successfully defended Nicomedes IV of Bithynia, one of Rome's dependants in the East, who had been deprived of his throne by his brother. From that time...
   
   . A contribution to the corpus oratorum of the Roman republic." PP 16 (1961) 304-311.
6. "Etruskische Etymologien, zilaθ and purθ." Glotta 40 (1962) 150-159.
7. "Suetons Bericht ueber die Vereinsgesetzgebung unter Caesar und Augustus." ZSS-Roem. Abt. 79 (1962) 396-402.
8. "Cicero
   Cicero
   Marcus Tullius Cicero , was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.He introduced the Romans to the chief...
   
    and Sallust
   Sallust
   Gaius Sallustius Crispus, generally known simply as Sallust , a Roman historian, belonged to a well-known plebeian family, and was born at Amiternum in the country of the Sabines...
   
    on Vargunteius." Historia 12 (1963) 511-512.
9. "Alfred the Great
   Alfred the Great
   Alfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.Alfred is noted for his defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, becoming the only English monarch still to be accorded the epithet "the Great". Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself...
   
    and the Tradition of Ancient Geography." Speculum 39 (1964) 434-439.
10. "Constitutional Aspects of the consular elections in 59 B.C." Historia 14 (1965) 423-442.
11. "The Surnames and the alleged affinity of C. Caelius Rufus." Eos 56 (1966) 146-150.
12. "Were Pompey
    Pompey
    Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey or Pompey the Great , was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic...
    
     and Crassus
    Marcus Licinius Crassus
    Marcus Licinius Crassus was a Roman general and politician who commanded the right wing of Sulla's army at the Battle of the Colline Gate, suppressed the slave revolt led by Spartacus, provided political and financial support to Julius Caesar and entered into the political alliance known as the...
    
     elected in absence to their first consulship
    Roman consul
    A consul served in the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic.Each year, two consuls were elected together, to serve for a one-year term. Each consul was given veto power over his colleague and the officials would alternate each month...
    
    ?" In Mélanges offerts à Kazimierz Michałowski. (Warszawa 1966) 523-526.
13. "Der Senat und die Vereine." In Gesellschaft und Recht im griechisch-römischen Altertum. (Berlin 1968) 94-95.
14. "Three trials in 54 B.C. Sufenas, Cato
    Cato the Younger
    Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis , commonly known as Cato the Younger to distinguish him from his great-grandfather , was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy...
    
    , Procilius and Cicero, Ad Atticum 4, 15, 4." In Studi in onore di Edoardo Volterra, 2. (Milano 1971) 281-302.
15. "Roemischer Staat und die Goetterzeichen: zum Problem der obnuntiatio." Jahrbuch der Universitaet Düsseldorf 1969-1970 [1971] 309-322.
16. "The aedileship of Favonius, Curio the Younger
    Gaius Scribonius Curio
    Gaius Scribonius Curio was the name of a father and son who lived in the late Roman Republic.-Father:Gaius Scribonius Curio was a Roman statesman and orator. He was nicknamed Burbulieus for the way he moved his body while speaking...
    
     and Cicero's election to the augur
    Augur
    The augur was a priest and official in the classical world, especially ancient Rome and Etruria. His main role was to interpret the will of the gods by studying the flight of birds: whether they are flying in groups/alone, what noises they make as they fly, direction of flight and what kind of...
    
    ate." HSCP 76 (1972) 181-200.
17. Kaminska-Linderski, A.: "A. Gabinius A. f. Capito and the first vote in the legislative comitia tributa". ZPE 12 (1973) 247-252.
18. "The Mother of Livia Augusta
    Livia
    Livia Drusilla, , after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14 also known as Julia Augusta, was a Roman empress as the third wife of the Emperor Augustus and his adviser...
    
     and the Aufidii Lurcones
    Aufidius Lurco
    Marcus Aufidius Lurco or known as Aufidius Lurco, was a Roman magistrate who lived in the 1st century BC. Lurco was a member of the gens Aufidia, a Roman family of Plebs status, who appeared in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire. They became a family of consular rank...
    
     of the Republic." Historia 23 (1974) 463-480.
19. "The Quaestor
    Quaestor
    A Quaestor was a type of public official in the "Cursus honorum" system who supervised financial affairs. In the Roman Republic a quaestor was an elected official whereas, with the autocratic government of the Roman Empire, quaestors were simply appointed....
    
    ship of Marcus Antonius
    Mark Antony
    Marcus Antonius , known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. As a military commander and administrator, he was an important supporter and loyal friend of his mother's cousin Julius Caesar...
    
    ." Phoenix 28 (1974) 213-223.
20. "Libiis or Libens? A note on a new dedication to Liber Pater
    Liber
    In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber , also known as Liber Pater was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad. His festival of Liberalia became associated with free speech and the rights...
    
     from Dacia
    Dacia
    In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
    
    ." Latomus 34 (1975) 209-211.
21. "Two Quaestorships." CP 70 (1975) 35-38.
22. "Legibus praefecti mittebantur (Mommsen and Festus 262, 5, 13 L)." Historia 28 (1979) 247-250.
23. "Amianus." ZPE 30 (1978) 158.
24. "A Non-Misunderstood Text Concerning Tages
    Tages
    Tages was a founding prophet of Etruscan religion who is known from reports by Latin authors of the late Roman republic and Roman empire. He revealed a cosmic view of divinity and correct methods of ascertaining divine will concerning events of public interest. Divination was undertaken in Roman...
    
    ." PP 33, fasc. 180 (1978) 195-196.
25. "De villa Appio Pulchro falso attributa." PP 34, fasc. 193 (1980 [1981]) 272-273.
26. "Exta and Aves: An Emendation in Rufinus
    Tyrannius Rufinus
    Tyrannius Rufinus or Rufinus of Aquileia was a monk, historian, and theologian. He is most known as a translator of Greek patristic material into Latin—especially the work of Origen.-Life:...
    
    , Origen
    Origen
    Origen , or Origen Adamantius, 184/5–253/4, was an early Christian Alexandrian scholar and theologian, and one of the most distinguished writers of the early Church. As early as the fourth century, his orthodoxy was suspect, in part because he believed in the pre-existence of souls...
    
    is in Numeros Homilia 17.2." HSCP 85 (1981) 213-215.
27. "Patientia fregit. M. Octavius and Ti. Gracchus (Cicero, Brutus 95)." Athenaeum 60 (1982) 244-247.
28. "Auspicia et Auguria Romana...Summo Labore Collecta: A Note on Minucius Felix, Octavius 26.1." CP 77 (1982) 148-150.
29. "Natalis Patavii." ZPE 50 (1983) 227-232.
30. "A Witticism of Appuleius Saturninus." Rivista di Filologia 111 (1983 [1984]) 452-459.
31. "Rome, Aphrodisias and the Res gestae". The genera militiae and the status of Octavian." JRS 74 (1984) 74-80.
32. "Usu, farre, coemptione. Bemerkungen zur Ueberlieferung eines Rechtsatzes." ZSS-Roem. Abt. 101 (1984) 301-311.
33. "Si vis pacem, para bellum. Concepts of defensive imperialism." In The imperialism of Mid-Republican Rome. The proceedings of a conference held at the American Academy in Rome, November 5 - 6, 1982. (Rome 1984) 133-164.
34. "Buying the vote. Electoral corruption in the late republic." AncWorld 11 (1985) 87-94.
35. "The dramatic date of Varro, De re rustica, book III and the elections in 54." Historia 34 (1985) 248-254.
36. "The Libri Reconditi." HSCP 89 (1985) 207-234.
37. "The Augural Law." ANRW II 16.3:2146-2312 (1986).
38. "Religious aspects of the conflict of the orders. The case of "confarreatio". - in: Social struggles in archaic Rome. New perspectives on the conflict of the orders. (Berkeley 1986) 244-261.
39. "The aediles and the didascaliae." AncHistB 1 (1987) 83-88.
40. "Fumum vendere and fumo necare." Glotta 65 (1987) 137-146.
41. "Fumo necare: An Addendum." Glotta 65 (1987) 250-251.
42. "Sannio and Remus." Mnemosyne 42 (1989) 90-93.
43. "Vergil and Dionysius." Vergilius 38 (1992) 3-11.
44. "Two Cruces in Seneca, De vita beata 25.2." AJP 103 (1982) 89-95.
45. "A Missing Ponticus." AJAH 12 (1987)[1995] 148-166.
46. "Partus ancillae. A vetus quaestio in the light of a new inscription." Labeo 33 (1987) 192-198.
47. "Julia in Regium." ZPE 72 (1988) 181-200.
48. "Garden parlors. Nobles and birds". - in: Studia Pompeiana et classica in honor of Wilhelmina F. Jashemski, 2. Classica. (New Rochelle 1989) 105-127.
49. "Heliogabalus, Alexander Severus and the Ius confarreationis. A note on the "Historia Augusta"". - in: Historia testis. Mélanges d'épigraphie, d'histoire ancienne et de philologie offerts à Tadeusz Zawadzki. (Fribourg 1989) 207-215.
50. "The auspices and the struggle of the orders. - in: Staat und Staatlichkeit in der frühen römischen Republik. Akten eines Symposiums, 12. - 15. Juli 1988, Freie Universität Berlin. (Stuttgart 1990) 34-48.
51. "Certis calendis." - Epigraphica 52 (1990) 85-96.
52. "The death of Pontia." - RhM 133 (1990) 86-93.
53. "Mommsen
    Theodor Mommsen
    Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician, archaeologist, and writer generally regarded as the greatest classicist of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research...
    
     and Syme
    Ronald Syme
    Sir Ronald Syme, OM, FBA was a New Zealand-born historian and classicist. Long associated with Oxford University, he is widely regarded as the 20th century's greatest historian of ancient Rome...
    
    . Law and power in the principate of Augustus
    Augustus
    Augustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
    
    ." - in: Between republic and empire. Interpretations of Augustus and his principate. (Berkeley 1990) 42-53.
54. "Roman officers in the year of Pydna. - AJPh 111 (1990) 53-71.
55. "The surname of M. Antonius Creticus and the cognomina ex victis gentibus." - ZPE 80 (1990) 157-164.
56. "Aes olet. Petronius 50, 7 and Martial 9, 59, 11." HSCP 94 (1992) 349-353.
57. "Games in Patavium. - Ktema 17 (1992)[1996] 55-76.
58. "Ambassadors go to Rome". - in: Les relations internationales. Actes du colloque de Strasbourg, 15 - 17 juin 1993. (Paris 1995) 453-478.
59. "Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton
    Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton
    Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton was a Canadian classical scholar and leading Latin prosopographer of the twentieth century. He is especially noted for his definitive three-volume work, Magistrates of the Roman Republic ....
    
    ." Gnomon 67 (1995) 91-93.
60. "Roman Religion in Livy
    Livy
    Titus Livius — known as Livy in English — was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people. Ab Urbe Condita Libri, "Chapters from the Foundation of the City," covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome well before the traditional foundation in 753 BC...
    
    ." Livius. Aspekte seines Werkes (Ed. Wolfgang Schuller [Konstanz, 1993]) 53-70.
61. "Cato maior
    Cato the Elder
    Marcus Porcius Cato was a Roman statesman, commonly referred to as Censorius , Sapiens , Priscus , or Major, Cato the Elder, or Cato the Censor, to distinguish him from his great-grandson, Cato the Younger.He came of an ancient Plebeian family who all were noted for some...
    
     in Aetolia
    Aetolia
    Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania.-Geography:...
    
    ." In Transitions to empire. Essays in Greco-Roman history, 360 - 146 B.C., in honor of E. Badian. (Norman Okla. 1996) 376-408.
62. "Q. Scipio
    Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica
    Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica , in modern scholarship often as Metellus Scipio, was a Roman consul and military commander in the Late Republic. During the civil war between Julius Caesar and the senatorial faction led by Pompeius Magnus , he remained a staunch optimate...
    
     imperator." In Imperium sine fine. T. Robert S. Broughton and the Roman republic. (Stuttgart 1996) 145-185.
63. "Agnes Kirsopp Michels and the religio." CJ 92 (1996-97) 323-345, Taf.
64. "Finis porcelli". RCulClMedioev 39 (1997) 105-107.
65. "Transitus. Official travel under the sign of "obelus". Philologus 143 (1999) 288-299.
66. "Banqueting." Arctos 34 (2000) 101-107.
67. "Iuppiter Dolichenus
    Jupiter Dolichenus
    Jupiter Dolichenus was a Roman god created from the syncretization of Jupiter, the Roman 'King of the gods', and a Baal cult of Commagene in Asia Minor. The Baal gods were themselves king gods and the combination was intended to form a powerful mixture of eastern and western regal traditions...
    
    , Hercules
    Hercules
    Hercules is the Roman name for Greek demigod Heracles, son of Zeus , and the mortal Alcmene...
    
     and Volcanus
    Vulcan (mythology)
    Vulcan , aka Mulciber, is the god of beneficial and hindering fire, including the fire of volcanoes in ancient Roman religion and Roman Neopaganism. Vulcan is usually depicted with a thunderbolt. He is known as Sethlans in Etruscan mythology...
    
     in Balaclava." Historia 49 (2000) 128-129.
68. "Imago hortorum. Pliny the Elder
    Pliny the Elder
    Gaius Plinius Secundus , better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian...
    
     and the gardens of the urban poor." ClPhil 96 (2001) 305-308.
69. "Silver and gold of valor. The award of "armillae" and "torques"." Latomus 60 (2001) 3-15.
70. "Isto vilius, immo carum". Anecdotes about king Romulus
    Romulus
    - People:* Romulus and Remus, the mythical founders of Rome* Romulus Augustulus, the last Western Roman Emperor* Valerius Romulus , deified son of the Roman emperor Maxentius* Romulus , son of the Western Roman emperor Anthemius...
    
    . AJPh 123 (2002) 587-599.
71. "De Tito templum Veneris Paphiae visente, sive de hostiis vovendis et deligendis." Hermes 130 (2002) 507-510.
72. "Caelum arsit" and "osidione liberare". Latin idiom and the exploits of the Eighth Augustan Legion at the time of Commodus." ZPE 142 (2003) 241-255.
73. "The Menander Inscription from Pompeii and the Expression primus scripsit." ZPE 159 (2007) 45-55.

Reviews

1. Reden und Schweigen: roemische Religion bei Plinius Maior." CP 70 (1975) 284-289.
2. "L'ordre equestre a l' epoque republicaine (312-43 av. J.-C.). Tome 2: Prosopographie des chevaliers romains." CP 72 (1977) 55-60.
3. "Two Studies in Roman Nomenclature." Phoenix 31 (1977 [1978]) 372-375.
4. "Cicero Imperator. Studies in Cicero's Correspondence 51-47 B.C." Gnomon 52 (1980) 782-785.
5. "Iscrizioni lapidarie latine del Museo nazionale concordiese di Portogruaro, I secolo a.C. - III secolo d.C." ANews 10 (1981) 99-100.
6. "Cicero and Roman divination." - PP 37 (1982) 12-38.
7. "The Roman Republic." CP 77 (1982) 174-178.
8. "Cicero, The Ascending Years." CJ77 (1982) 275-277.
9. "Le delit religieux dans la cite antique." CP 79 (1984) 174-177.
10. "La gladiature en Occident des origines à la mort de Domitien." ClPhil 80 (1985) 189-192.
11. "Philosophe et augure. Recherches sur la théorie cicéronienne de la divination." ClPhil 81 (1986) 330-340.
12. "Templum." ClPhil 81 (1986) 330-340.
13. "Untersuchungen zur Religion und zur Religionspolitik des Kaisers Elagabal." JRS 80 (1990) 235.
14. "Les cultes orientaux dans le monde romain." JRS 80 (1990) 235-236.
15. "The bronze liver of Piacenza. Analysis of a polytheistic structure." ClPhil 85 (1990) 67-71, Abb.
16. "Fratres Arvales. Storia di un collegio sacerdotale romano." CP 86 (1991) 84-87.
17. "Jews and god-fearers at Aphrodisias. Greek inscriptions with commentary." Gnomon 63 (1991) 559-561.
18. "Lucio Giunio Bruto. Ricerche di storia, religione e diritto sulle origini della repubblica romana." AJPh 112 (1991) 407-409.
19. "Iscrizioni lapidarie latine del Museo nazionale concordiese di Portogruaro, I secolo a.C. - III secolo d.C." ANews 16 (1991) 108-109.
20. "Römische Geburtsriten." AJPh 113 (1992) 303-304.
21. "Prophecy and History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire: A Historical Commentary on the THirteenth Sibylline Oracle." CP 88 (1993) 180-183.
22. "Roman marriage. Iusti coniuges from the time of Cicero to the time of Ulpian." AJPh 116 (1995) 154-156.
23. "Volcanus. Recherches comparatistes sur les origines du culte de Vulcain." AJPh 118 (1997) 644-647.
24. "Supplementa Italica. Nuova serie, 4." JRA 11 (1998) 459-470.
25. "Supplementa Italica. Nuova serie, 5." JRA 11 (1998) 470-474.
26. "Religions of Rome." JRA 13 (2000) 453-463.
27. "Per la storia romana della provincia di Pesaro e Urbino." JRA 15 (2002) 577-581.
28. "Fonti letterarie ed epigrafiche per la storia romana della provincia di Pesaro e Urbino." JRA 15 (2002) 577-581.
29. "L'Etruria dei Romani. Opere pubbliche e donazioni private in età imperiale." JRA 16 (2003) 495-499.
30. "Theodori Mommseni epistulae ad familiares Italicos." Review of M. Buoncore, Theodor Mommsen e gli studi sul mondo antico. Dalle sue lettere. JRA 19 (2006) 739-745.
31. "Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult." AJPh 129.1 (2008) 125-128.
32. "The Regional Diversification of Latin: 200 BC-AD 600." AJPh 130.3 (2009) 468-73.