Governors in the various Province

Province

A province is a territorial unit, almost always an administrative division, within a country or state.-Etymology:The English word "province" is attested since about 1330 and derives from the 13th-century Old French "province," which itself comes from the Latin word "provincia," which referred to...

s of the Viceroyalty of New Spain

New Spain

New Spain, formally called the Viceroyalty of New Spain , was a viceroyalty of the Spanish colonial empire, comprising primarily territories in what was known then as 'América Septentrional' or North America. Its capital was Mexico City, formerly Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire...

.

In addition to governors, the following list (under construction) intends to give an overview of colonial units of the provincial level; therefore it also includes some offices of similar rank, especially the intendant

Intendant

The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office...

. Intendente is both a Spanish and Portuguese word, derived from the French Intendant. It was introduced to the Spanish Monarchy

Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire comprised territories and colonies administered directly by Spain in Europe, in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was therefore one of the first global empires. At the time of Habsburgs, Spain reached the peak of its world power....

 by the Bourbon Dynasty

House of Bourbon

The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...

, which Spain shared with France

France

The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

 after the early 18th century. This list also does not distinguish between Gobernaciones and Provincias, because they were essentially two grades of provinces.

Provinces under the Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo

• Under the judicial jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  The Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo was the first court of the Spanish crown in America. It was created by Ferdinand V of Castile in his decree of 1511, but due to disagreements between the governor of Hispaniola, Diego Colon and the Crown, it was not implemented until it was reestablished by...
  
   and the administrative supervision of its President-Captain General with great autonomy from the Viceroy of New Spain.

Island of Santo Domingo

• 1492-1499 Christopher Columbus
  Christopher Columbus
  Christopher Columbus was an explorer, colonizer, and navigator, born in the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led to general European awareness of the American continents in the...
  
  , as Governor or Viceroy of the Indies.
• 1499-1502 Francisco de Bobadilla
  Francisco de Bobadilla
  Francisco de Bobadilla was a Spanish colonial administrator. Member of the Order of Calatrava, in 1499, de Bobadilla was appointed to succeed Christopher Columbus as the second governor of the Indies, Spain's new territories in America, by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella...
  
  , as Governor of the Indies.
• 1502-1509 Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres, as Governor of the Indies.
• 1509-1518 Diego Colón
  Diego Colón
  Diego Columbus was the 2nd Admiral of the Indies, 2nd Viceroy of the Indies and 3rd Governor of the Indies. He was the firstborn son of Christopher Columbus and wife Filipa Moniz Perestrelo, and was born in 1479/1480 in Porto Santo, Portugal or 1474 in Lisbon, Portugal. He died February...
  
  , as Governor of the Indies until 1511, thereafter as Viceroy of the Indies.
• 1526 Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  The Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo was the first court of the Spanish crown in America. It was created by Ferdinand V of Castile in his decree of 1511, but due to disagreements between the governor of Hispaniola, Diego Colon and the Crown, it was not implemented until it was reestablished by...
  
   established.
• 1536 Viceroyalty of the Indies purchased by Crown from Luis Colón. Santo Domingo
  Colony of Santo Domingo
  The Captaincy General of Santo Domingo was the first Spanish colony in the New World, and later became the Dominican Republic. Originally known as "La Española", the colony was organized as the Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo in 1511. After years of struggles with the French, the Spanish remained...
  
   directly administered by the President-Captain General of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo.
• 1795-1808 Spanish part of the Island ceded to France in the Peace of Basel
  Peace of Basel
  The Peace of Basel of 1795 consists of three peace treaties involving France .* The first of the three treaties of 1795, France made peace with Prussia on 5 April; , * The Second was with Spain on 22 July, ending the War of the Pyrenees; and*...
  
  . Island ceases to be a Spanish possession.
• 1808-1821After local revolts and subsequent defeat of the French, Santo Domingo realigns itself with Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
  . Yet, this is the era of "Foolish Spain"
  España Boba
  España Boba or "The Era of Foolish Spain" was a period of time, from 1809 to 1821, in which the Spanish imperial government exercised only nominal power over its colony in Santo Domingo...
  
   and the colony is loosely held.
• 1821-1844 Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo
  Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo
  The Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo was Haiti's military invasion and ensuing 22-year occupation of the newly independent Republic of Spanish Haiti, formerly the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, what is present-day Dominican Republic, from February 9, 1822 until February 27, 1844.The...
  
   by Jean Pierre Boyer
  Jean Pierre Boyer
  Jean-Pierre Boyer , a native of Saint-Domingue, was a soldier, one of the leaders of the Haitian Revolution, and President of Haiti from 1818 to 1843. He reunited the north and south of Haiti in 1820 and also invaded and took control of Santo Domingo, which brought all of Hispaniola under one...
  
  
• 1844-1861 Birth of the Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
   as an independent country, yet due to fears of re invasion by the Haitian Armies, Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
   realigns itself with Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
  .
• 1861-1865 Territory is re-Colonized by Spain
  Spain
  Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
  
   and Pedro Santana
  Pedro Santana
  Pedro Santana y Familias was a wealthy cattle rancher, soldier, politician and dictator of the Dominican Republic. He was born in the community of Hinche, which was part of the Colony of Santo Domingo. Currently, Hinche is a border town part of Haiti...
  
   is appointed Governor and Captain General of the Colony of Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
  .
• 1865 Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
   is restored as a sovereign nation.

Island of Cuba

• See List of colonial heads of Cuba.
• 1510 Conquered by Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
  Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
  Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar was a Spanish conquistador. He conquered and governed Cuba on behalf of Spain.-Early life:...
  
  , who becomes first Governor.
• 1511 Settlers create Municipality
  Cabildo (council)
  For a discussion of the contemporary Spanish and Latin American cabildo, see Ayuntamiento.A cabildo or ayuntamiento was a former Spanish, colonial administrative council that governed a municipality. Cabildos were sometimes appointed, sometimes elected, but were considered to be representative of...
  
   of Barbacoa
  Barbacoa
  Barbacoa is a form of cooking meat that originated in the Caribbean with the Taíno people, from which the term "barbecue" derives. In contemporary Mexico it generally refers to meats or a whole sheep slow-cooked over an open fire, or more traditionally, in a hole dug in the ground covered with...
  
   to separate Island from the Viceroyalty of Diego Colón
  Diego Colón
  Diego Columbus was the 2nd Admiral of the Indies, 2nd Viceroy of the Indies and 3rd Governor of the Indies. He was the firstborn son of Christopher Columbus and wife Filipa Moniz Perestrelo, and was born in 1479/1480 in Porto Santo, Portugal or 1474 in Lisbon, Portugal. He died February...
  
  .
• 1607 Governor given additional office of Captain General. Pedro Váldez first Governor-Captain General.
• 1765 Independent Intendancy created for the Island. First Intendant was Miguel de Altarriba.
• 1795 Audiencia of Santo Domingo moves to Cuba; becomes Audiencia of Puerto Príncipe
  Camagüey
  Camagüey is a city and municipality in central Cuba and is the nation's third largest city. It is the capital of the Camagüey Province.After almost continuous attacks from pirates the original city was moved inland in 1528.The new city was built with a confusing lay-out of winding alleys that made...
  
  .
• 1821 Collapse of the Viceroyalty of New Spain makes Island of Cuba principal possession of the Spanish Monarchy in America.

Island of Puerto Rico

• See List of Governors of Puerto Rico.
• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  The Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo was the first court of the Spanish crown in America. It was created by Ferdinand V of Castile in his decree of 1511, but due to disagreements between the governor of Hispaniola, Diego Colon and the Crown, it was not implemented until it was reestablished by...
  
  .
• 1508 First settlement established by Juan Ponce de León
  Juan Ponce de León
  Juan Ponce de León was a Spanish explorer. He became the first Governor of Puerto Rico by appointment of the Spanish crown. He led the first European expedition to Florida, which he named...
  
  , who becomes first Governor.
• 1511 Island returned to the Viceroyalty of Diego Colón
  Diego Colón
  Diego Columbus was the 2nd Admiral of the Indies, 2nd Viceroy of the Indies and 3rd Governor of the Indies. He was the firstborn son of Christopher Columbus and wife Filipa Moniz Perestrelo, and was born in 1479/1480 in Porto Santo, Portugal or 1474 in Lisbon, Portugal. He died February...
  
  .
• 1536 Crown purchases Viceroyalty from Luis Colón, Diego's son.
• 1536-1545 Each half of the Island administered by the Alcalde
  Alcalde
  Alcalde , or Alcalde ordinario, is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An alcalde was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian cabildo and judge of first instance of a town...
  
  s of San Juan
  San Juan, Puerto Rico
  San Juan , officially Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista , is the capital and most populous municipality in Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 395,326 making it the 46th-largest city under the jurisdiction of...
  
   and San Germán
  San Germán, Puerto Rico
  San Germán is a municipality located in the southwestern region of Puerto Rico, south of Mayagüez and Maricao; north of Lajas; east of Hormigueros and Cabo Rojo; and west of Sabana Grande. San Germán is spread over 18 wards and San Germán Pueblo...
  
  .
• 1545 Governorship reestablished.
• 1580 Governor given additional office of Captain General.
• 1784 Governor-Captain General given additional office of Intendant.
• 1821 Collapse of Viceroyalty of New Spain. Island of Puerto Rico under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Puerto Príncipe
  Camagüey
  Camagüey is a city and municipality in central Cuba and is the nation's third largest city. It is the capital of the Camagüey Province.After almost continuous attacks from pirates the original city was moved inland in 1528.The new city was built with a confusing lay-out of winding alleys that made...
  
  , Cuba.

Province of Florida (1699-1763)

Intendancy issues handled by the Cuban Intendancy starting in 1763.

• 1565 Granted right to communicate directly to the Council of the Indies. Florida
  Spanish Florida
  Spanish Florida refers to the Spanish territory of Florida, which formed part of the Captaincy General of Cuba, the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and the Spanish Empire. Originally extending over what is now the southeastern United States, but with no defined boundaries, la Florida was a component of...
  
   overseen by President of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo until subordinated to Cuba in 1763.
• 10 February 1763 Traded to Britain (exchanged for Cuba); division into two colonies, East Florida and West Florida.
• 9 May 1781 West Florida retaken by Spain.
• 23 September 1783 East and West Florida formally returned to Spain (subordinated to Cuba).
• 27 October 1785 Northern boundary of Florida established by the Treaty of San Lorenzo/Pinckney's Treaty
  Pinckney's Treaty
  Pinckney's Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish...
  
  .
• 22 February 1819 Ceded to U.S. by Adams-Onís Treaty
  Adams-Onís Treaty
  The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty or the Purchase of Florida, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that gave Florida to the U.S. and set out a boundary between the U.S. and New Spain . It settled a standing border dispute between the two...
  
  .

Province of Nueva Andalucía

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  The Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo was the first court of the Spanish crown in America. It was created by Ferdinand V of Castile in his decree of 1511, but due to disagreements between the governor of Hispaniola, Diego Colon and the Crown, it was not implemented until it was reestablished by...
  
   until the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada
  Viceroyalty of New Granada
  The Viceroyalty of New Granada was the name given on 27 May 1717, to a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. The territory corresponding to Panama was incorporated later in 1739...
  
   in 1739.
• 1536 Province of New Andalusia
  New Andalusia
  The name New Andalusia refers to two separate regions of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.* New Andalusia Governorate - created as one of Charles V's grants of 1534...
  
   created.
• 1568 New Andalusia joined with neighboring Province of Paria; first Governor Diego Fernández de Serpa.
• 1739 Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Bogotá in judicial matters.
• 1739-1777 Maintained under the administration of the President of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo.
• 1777 Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo in judicial matters; under the Captain General of Venezuela
  Captaincy General of Venezuela
  The Captaincy General of Venezuela was an administrative district of colonial Spain, created in 1777 to provide more autonomy for the provinces of Venezuela, previously under the jurisdiction of the Viceroyalty of New Granada and the Audiencia of Santo Domingo...
  
   in administrative matters.
• 1786 Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Caracas in judicial matters.

Province of Vera Cruz

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico
  Real Audiencia of Mexico
  The Royal Audience of Mexico was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Kingdom of New Spain or the Kingdom of Mexico...
  
  .
• 1787 Intendencia of Vera Cruz
  Veracruz, Veracruz
  Veracruz, officially known as Heroica Veracruz, is a major port city and municipality on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The city is located in the central part of the state. It is located along Federal Highway 140 from the state capital Xalapa, and is the state's most...
  
  , part of New Spain.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Transformed into State of Veracruz
  Veracruz
  Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave , is one of the 31 states that, along with the Federal District, comprise the 32 federative entities of Mexico. It is divided in 212 municipalities and its capital city is...
  
  .

Intendants of Vera Cruz

• 1787 - 1790 Pedro de Corbalán
• 1790 - 1794 Pedro Fernández de Gorositza y Lorea
• 1794 - 1796 Pedro Ponce
• 1796 - 1799 Diego García Panes
• 1799 - 1810 García Dávila
• 1810 - 1812 Carlos de Urrutia y Montoya
• 1812 - 1814 Pedro Telmo Landero
• 1814 - 1815 José de Quevedo
• 1816 - 1818 José Dávila (First time)
• 1818 - 1819 Pascual Sebastián de Liñán y Dolz de Espejo
• 1819 - 1821 José Dávila (Second time)

Kingdom of Mexico or New Spain

• Administered directly by the Viceroy and the Real Audiencia of Mexico
  Real Audiencia of Mexico
  The Royal Audience of Mexico was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Kingdom of New Spain or the Kingdom of Mexico...
  
  ; see List of viceroys of New Spain.
• See Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire for early history.

Province of Puebla

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico
  Real Audiencia of Mexico
  The Royal Audience of Mexico was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Kingdom of New Spain or the Kingdom of Mexico...
  
  .
• 1787 Intendencia
  Intendant
  The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office...
  
  of Puebla established.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Puebla transformed into the State of Puebla
  Puebla
  Puebla officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 217 municipalities and its capital city is Puebla....
  
  .

Intendants of Puebla

• 1787 - 1811 Manuel Flón y Tejada, conde de la Cadena
• 1811 - 1812 García Dávila
• 1812 Santiago de Irissari
• 1812 - 1813 Prudencio de Guadalfajara y Aguilera, conde de Castro Terreño
• 1814 Ramón Díaz Ortega
• 1814 - 1815 José Moreno y Daioz
• 1815 - 1816 Joaquín Estévez
• 1816 - 1821 Ciriaco del Llano

Province of Oaxaca

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico
  Real Audiencia of Mexico
  The Royal Audience of Mexico was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Kingdom of New Spain or the Kingdom of Mexico...
  
  .
• 1521 Marquisate
  Marquess
  A marquess or marquis is a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The term is also used to translate equivalent oriental styles, as in imperial China, Japan, and Vietnam...
  
   of the Valley of Oaxaca created for Hernán Cortés
  Hernán Cortés
  Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century...
  
  .
• 1787 Intendencia of Oaxaca
  Oaxaca
  Oaxaca , , officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca is one of the 31 states which, along with the Federal District, comprise the 32 federative entities of Mexico. It is divided into 571 municipalities; of which 418 are governed by the system of customs and traditions...
  
  , part of New Spain.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.

Intendants Oaxaca

• 1787 - 1808 Antonio de Mora y Peysal
• 1808 - 1810 Antonio María Izquierdo de la Torre
• 1810 - 1814 Joseph María Lazo y Nacarino
• 1814 - 1816 Francisco Rendón (First time)
• 1816 - 1818 Antonio Basilio Gutiérrez de Ulloa
• 1818 - 1821 Francisco Rendón (Second time)

Province of Valladolid

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico
  Real Audiencia of Mexico
  The Royal Audience of Mexico was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Kingdom of New Spain or the Kingdom of Mexico...
  
  .
• 1787 Intendencia of Valladolid created.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Valladolid transformed into State of Michoacán
  Michoacán
  Michoacán officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Michoacán de Ocampo is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 113 municipalities and its capital city is Morelia...
  
  .

Intendants of Valladolid

• 1787 - 1791 Juan Antonio de Riaño y Bárcena de los Cuentos y Velarde
• 1797 - 1808 Felipe Díaz de Ortega Bustillo
• 1810 - 1821 Manuel Merino y Moreno

Province of Guanajuato

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico
  Real Audiencia of Mexico
  The Royal Audience of Mexico was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Kingdom of New Spain or the Kingdom of Mexico...
  
  .
• 1787 Intendecia of Guanajuato
  Guanajuato
  Guanajuato officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Guanajuato is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 46 municipalities and its capital city is Guanajuato....
  
   created.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.

Intendants of Guanajuato

• 1787 - 1790 Andrés de Amat y Torosa
• 1790 - 1792 Pedro José Soriano
• 1792 - 1810 Juan Antonio Riaño y Barcena de los Cuentos y Velarde
• 1810 - 1821 Fernando Pérez Marañón

Province of San Luis Potosí

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Mexico
  Real Audiencia of Mexico
  The Royal Audience of Mexico was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Kingdom of New Spain or the Kingdom of Mexico...
  
  .
• 1787 Intendencia of San Luis Potosí
  San Luis Potosí
  San Luis Potosí officially Estado Libre y Soberano de San Luis Potosí is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 58 municipalities and its capital city is San Luis Potosí....
  
   created.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.

Intendants of San Luis Potosí

• 1787 - 1799 Bruno Díaz de Alcedo
• 1799 - 1800 Vicente Bernabeu
• 1800 - 1804 Onésimo Antonio Durán
• 1804 - 1805 Manuel Ampudía
• 1805 - 1809 José Ignacio Vélez
• 1809 - 1810 José Ruíz de Aguirre
• 1810 - 1821 Manuel Jacinto de Acevedo

Province of Yucatán (Mérida)

• 1517 Claimed for Spain.
• 1519 Spanish colonization of the Yucatán
  Yucatán
  Yucatán officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 106 municipalities and its capital city is Mérida....
  
   peninsula begins.
• 1527 - 1543 Province of Yucatán, subordinated to Nueva España (see Mexico).
• 1543 - 1549 Subordinated to the Kingdom of Guatemala
  Captaincy General of Guatemala
  The Captaincy General of Guatemala , also known as the Kingdom of Guatemala , was an administrative division in Spanish America which covered much of Central America, including what are now the nations of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, and the Mexican state of Chiapas...
  
   (autonomous part of the Viceroyalty).
• 1543 - 1560 Part of Captaincy of Gracias (Yucatán, Chiapas, Tabasco, Panama and Central America).
• 1549 - 1550 Subordinated to Nueva España.
• 1550 - 1560 Subordinated to Guatemala.
• 1560 Subordinated to Nueva España.
• 1617 Captaincy General of the Yucatán established.
• 1787 Intendencia of Mérida
  Mérida, Yucatán
  Mérida is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Yucatán and the Yucatán Peninsula. It is located in the northwest part of the state, about from the Gulf of Mexico coast...
  
   created.
• 28 September 1821 Part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Yucatán
  Yucatán
  Yucatán officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 106 municipalities and its capital city is Mérida....
  
   transformed into a state.

Governors Yucatán

• 1526 - 1540 Francisco de Montejo
  Francisco de Montejo
  Francisco de Montejo y Alvarez was a Spanish conquistador in Mexico and Central America.Francisco de Montejo was born in Salamanca, Spain, in 1479 to Juan de Montejo and Catalina Alvarez de Tejeda. He left Spain in 1514, and arrived in Cuba in time to join Grijalva's expedition along the coast of...
  
   (First time)
• 1540 - 1546 Francisco de Montejo, El Mozo (the younger)
• 1546 - 1549 Francisco de Montejo
  Francisco de Montejo
  Francisco de Montejo y Alvarez was a Spanish conquistador in Mexico and Central America.Francisco de Montejo was born in Salamanca, Spain, in 1479 to Juan de Montejo and Catalina Alvarez de Tejeda. He left Spain in 1514, and arrived in Cuba in time to join Grijalva's expedition along the coast of...
  
   (Second time)
• 1549 - 1565 The Alcalde
  Alcalde
  Alcalde , or Alcalde ordinario, is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An alcalde was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian cabildo and judge of first instance of a town...
  
  s of Mérida
• 1565 - 1571 Luis de Céspedes y Oviedo
• 1571 - 1573 Diego de Santillán
• 1573 - 1577 Francisco de Solís
• 1577 - 1582 Guillén de las Casas
• 1582 - 1586 Francisco de Solís
• 1586 - 1593 Antonio de Vozmediano
• 1593 - 1595 Alonso Ordóñez de Nevares
• 1595 - 1596 Pablo Higueras de la Cerda
• 1596 - 1597 Carlos Sámano y Quiñónes
• 1597 - 1604 Diego Fernández de Velasco y Enríquez de Almansa
• 1604 - 1612 Carlos de Luna y Arellano
• 1612 - 1617 Antonio de Figueroa y Bravo
• 1617 - 1619 Francisco Ramírez Briceño
• 1619 - 1620 The Alcalde
  Alcalde
  Alcalde , or Alcalde ordinario, is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An alcalde was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian cabildo and judge of first instance of a town...
  
  s of Mérida
• 1620 - 1621 Arias de Losada y Taboada
• 1621 - 1628 Diego de Cardenas y Balda
• 1628 - 1630 Juan de Vargas Machuca
• 1631 - 1633 Fernando Centeño Maldonaldo (First time)
• 1633 - 1635 Jerónimo de Quero y Jiménez
• 1635 - 1636 Fernando Centeño Maldonaldo (Second time)
• 1636 - 1643 Diego Zapata de Cárdenas, marqués de Santo Floro
• 1643 - 1644 Francisco Núñez Melián
• 1644 - 1645 Enrique de Ávila Pacheco (First time)
• 1645 - 1648 Esteban de Azcárraga y Veytias
• 1648 - 1650 Enrique de Ávila Pacheco (Second time)
• 1650 - 1652 García Valdés de Osorio Dóriga y Tiñeo, marqués de Peñalba
• 1652 - 1653 Martín Roble y Villfañe
• 1653 - 1655 Pedro Saenz Izquierdo
• 1655 - 1660 Francisco de Bazán
• 1660 - 1662 José Campero y Campos
• 1663 - 1664 Juan Francisco Esquivel y de la Rosa (First time)
• 1664 Rodrigo de Flores y Aldana (First time)
• 1664 - 1667 Juan Francisco Esquivel y de la Rosa (Second time)
• 1667 - 1669 Rodrigo de Flores y Aldana (Second time)
• 1669 - 1670 Frutos Delgado
• 1670 - 1672 Fernando Francisco de Escobedo
• 1672 - 1674 Miguel Cordornio de Sola
• 1674 - 1677 Sancho Fernández de Angulo y Sandoval
• 1677 - 1683 Antonio de Layseca y Alvarado de la Ronda
• 1683 - 1688 Juan Bruno Téllez de Guzmán
• 1688 - 1693 Juan José de la Bárcena
• 1693 - 1699 Roque Soberanis y Centeño
• 1699 - 1703 Martín de Usúa y Arismendi Aguirre y Vizcondo (First time)
• 1703 - 1706 Álvaro de Rivaguda Enciso y Luyando
• 1706 - 1708 Martín de Usúa y Arismendi Aguirre y Vizcondo, conde Lizárraga (Second time)
• 1708 - 1712 Fernando de Meneses y Bravo de Saravia
• 1712 - 1715 Alonso de Meneses y Bravo de Saravia
• 1715 - 1720 Juan Jose de Vertiz y Ontanón
• 1720 - 1724 Antonio Cortaire y Terreros
• 1724 - 1733 Antonio de Figueroa y Silva Lasso de la Vega Ladrón del Niño de Guevara
• 1733 - 1734 Juan Fernández de Sabariego
• 1734 - 1736 Santiago de Aguirre Negro y Estrada Martínez de Maturana y Estrada
• 1736 - 1743 Manuel Ignacio Salcedo y Sierra Alta y Rado y Bedia
• 1743 - 1750 Anontio de Benevides
• 1750 - 1752 Juan José de Clou, marqués de Iscar
• 1752 - 1758 Melchor de Navarrette
• 1758 - 1761 Alonso Fernández de Heredia
• 1761 - 1762 José Crespo y Honorato
• 1762 - 1763 Antonio Ainz de Ureta
• 1763 José Álvarez
• 1763 - 1764 Felipe Ramírez de Estenoz
• 1764 - 1771 Cristóbal de Zayas
• 1771 - 1777 Antonio de Oliver
• 1778 - 1779 Hugo Ocónor Cunco y Fali
• 1779 - 1783 Roberto Rivas Betancourt
• 1783 - 1789 José Marino y Ceballos

Governor-Intendants of Mérida

• 1789 - 1793 Lucas de Gálvez
• 1793 - 1800 Arturo O' Neil y O' Kelly
• 1800 - 1811 Benito Pérez Brito de los Ríos y Fernández Valdelomar
  Benito Pérez Brito
  Benito Pérez Brito de los Ríos y Fernández Valdelomar was a Spanish military officer and colonial official. From March 21, 1812 to November 1812, he was viceroy of New Granada.-Background:...
  
  
• 1812 - 1815 Manuel Artazo y Torredemer
• 1815 - 1820 Miguel Castro y Araoz
• 1820 - 1821 Mariano Carrillo y Albornoz
• 1821 Juan María Echéverri

Kingdom of Nueva Galicia (Guadalajara)

• 1531 Nueva Galicia
  Nueva Galicia
  El Nuevo Reino de Galicia or Nueva Galicia was an autonomous kingdom of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was named after Galicia in Spain...
  
   conquered and created by Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán
  Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán
  Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán or sometimes Nuño de Guzmán was a Spanish conquistador and colonial administrator in New Spain. He was Governor of the province of Pánuco from 1525–1533, and of Nueva Galicia from 1529–1534, President of the first Audiencia from 1528-30. He founded several cities in...
  
  , first President of the Real Audiencia of Mexico
  Real Audiencia of Mexico
  The Royal Audience of Mexico was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Kingdom of New Spain or the Kingdom of Mexico...
  
  .
• 1535 Viceroyalty established, Antonio de Mendoza
  Antonio de Mendoza
  Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, Marquis of Mondéjar, Count of Tendilla , was the first viceroy of New Spain, serving from April 17, 1535 to November 25, 1550, and the second viceroy of Peru, from September 23, 1551 to July 21, 1552...
  
   first Viceroy.
• 1545 Alcaldia Mayor
  Corregidor (position)
  A corregidor was a local, administrative and judicial position in Spain and its empire. He was the highest authority of a Corregimiento. In the Americas a corregidor was often called an alcalde mayor. They began to be appointed in fourteenth century Castile and the institution was definitively...
  
  of Nueva Galicia established.
• 1549 Audiencia of Nueva Galicia
  Real Audiencia of Guadalajara
  The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated...
  
   established; administration given to Audiencia President.
• 1787 Intendencia
  Intendant
  The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office...
  
  of Guadalajara created; Audiencia Presidency becomes a judicial role.
• 1821 Intendancy of Guadalajara part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Guadalajara becomes State of Jalisco
  Jalisco
  Jalisco officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is located in Western Mexico and divided in 125 municipalities and its capital city is Guadalajara.It is one of the more important states...
  
  .

Governor-Presidents of Guadalajara

• 1679 - 1702 Alonso de Ceballos y Villagutierre
• 1702 - 1703 Antonio Hipólito de Abarca Vidal y Valda
• 1703 - 1708 Juan de Escalante Colombres y Mendoza
• 1708 - 1716 Toribio Rodríguez de Solís
• 1716 - 1724 Tomás Terán de los Ríos
• 1724 - 1727 Nicolás Rivera y Santa Cruz
• 1727 - 1732 Tomás Rivera y Santa Cruz
• 1732 - 1737 José Barragán de Burgos
• 1737 - 1743 Francisco de Aiza, marqués del Castillo de Aiza
• 1743 - 1751 Fermín de Echevers y Subiza
• 1751 - 1760 José de Basarte y Borán
• 1760 - 1761 Francisco Galindo Quiñónes y Barrientos (First time)
• 1761 - 1764 Pedro Montesinos de Lara
• 1764 - 1771 Francisco Galindo Quiñónes y Barrientos (Second time)
• 1771 - 1776 Eusebio Sánchez Pareja y Beleño
  Eusebio Sánchez Pareja
  Eusebio Sánchez Pareja was a Spanish colonial official in New Spain. From November 9, 1786 to May 8, 1787 he was interim viceroy of the colony....
  
   (First time)
• 1776 - 1777 Ruperto Vicente de Luyando
• 1777 - 1786 Eusebio Sánchez Pareja y Beleño
  Eusebio Sánchez Pareja
  Eusebio Sánchez Pareja was a Spanish colonial official in New Spain. From November 9, 1786 to May 8, 1787 he was interim viceroy of the colony....
  
   (Second time)

Governor-Intendants of Guadalajara

• 1787 - 1791 Antonio de Villaurrutia y Salcedo
• 1791 - 1798 Jacobo de Ugarte y Loyola
• 1800 - 1804 José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa
  José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa
  José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, 1st Marquis of La Concordia , was a Spanish military officer and colonial administrator in America...
  
  
• 1804 - 1805 José Ignacio Ortiz de Salinas
• 1805 - 1811 Roque Abarca
• 1811 - 1821 José de la Cruz

Province of Zacatecas

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara
  Real Audiencia of Guadalajara
  The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated...
  
  .
• 1787 Intendencia of Zacatecas
  Zacatecas
  Zacatecas officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Zacatecas is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas....
  
  , part of New Spain.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Province transformed into State of Zacatecas
  Zacatecas
  Zacatecas officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Zacatecas is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas....
  
  .

Intendants of Zacatecas

• 1789 - 1792 Felipe Cleere
• 1792 - 1796 José de Peón y Valdés
• 1796 - 1810 Francisco Rendón
• 1810 - 1811 Miguel de Rivera, conde de Santiago de la Laguna
• 1811 José Manuel de Ochoa
• 1811 Juan José Zambrano
• 1811 - 1812 Martín de Mednina
• 1812 - 1814 Santiago de Irisarri
• 1814 - 1816 Diego García Conde
• 1816 - 1820 José de Gayangos
• 1821 - 1823 Manuel Orive y Novales

Province of Nuevo Santander

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara
  Real Audiencia of Guadalajara
  The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated...
  
  .
• 1746 Spanish settlement begins.
• 1748 Province of Nuevo Santander
  Nuevo Santander
  Nuevo Santander was a region of the Virreinato de Nueva España, corresponding generally to the modern Mexican state of Tamaulipas and southern Texas. Nuevo Santander was named after Santander, Spain, and settled by Spanish American colonists in a concerted settlement campaign peaking in 1748-1750...
  
   created.
• 1777 - 1793 Part of Provincias Internas.
• 1812 - 1822 Part of Provincias Internas.
• 1822 Part of independent Mexico as Tamaulipas
  Tamaulipas
  Tamaulipas officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 43 municipalities and its capital city is Ciudad Victoria. The capital city was named after Guadalupe Victoria, the...
  
  .

Governors of Nuevo Santander

• 31 May 1748 - 8 April 1767 José de Escandón
  José de Escandón
  José de Escandón y Helguera, 1st Count of Sierra Gorda was a Spanish Indian-fighter in New Spain and the founder and first governor of the colony of Nuevo Santander, which extended from the Pánuco River in the modern-day Mexican state of Veracruz to the Guadalupe River in...
  
   y Helguera
• 8 April 1767 - 20 January 1768 Juan Fernando de Palacio
• 20 January 1768 - 18 September 1769 José Rubio
• 18 September 1769 - 12 August 1777 Vicente González Santianés
• Aug 1777 - 19 February 1779 Francisco de Echegaray
• 19 February 1779 - 17 April 1779 Vacant
• 17 April 1779 - 21 November 1779 Manuel Medina
• 21 November 1779 - 17 February 1780 Vacant
• 17 February 1780 - 17 March 1781 Manuel Ignacio de Escandón (First time)
• 17 March 1781 - 20 February 1786 Diego Lazaga
• 20 February 1786 - 23 December 1788 Juan Miguel Zozaya (First time)
• 23 December 1788 - 18 June 1789 Melchor Vidal de Lorca
• 20 June 1789 - 10 September 1789 Juan Miguel Zozaya (Second time)
• 10 September 1789 - 10 July 1790 Manuel Muñoz
• 10 July 1790 - 21 May 1800 Manuel Ignacio de Escandón (Second time)
• 21 May 1800 - Jan 1802 José Blanco

Jan 1802 - 18 April 1804 Francisco de Ixart

• 18 April 1804 - 18 September 1804 Pedro de Alba
• 18 September 1804 - 15 April 1811 Manuel de Iturbe e Iraeta
• 15 April 1811 - 1 May 1819 Joaquín de Arredondo

Sep 1811 - Sep 1812 Juan Fermín de Janicotena (acting)

• 1 May 1819 - 7 July 1821 José María Echeagaray
• 7 July 1821 - 22 September 1822 Felipe de la Garza Cisneros

New Kingdom of León (Nuevo León)

• Under the jurisdiction of Audiencia of Guadalajara
  Real Audiencia of Guadalajara
  The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated...
  
  .
• 1582 Nuevo Reino de León conquered.
• 1777 - 1793 Part of the Provincias Internas.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Kingdom transformed into State of Nuevo León
  Nuevo León
  Nuevo León It is located in Northeastern Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Tamaulipas to the north and east, San Luis Potosí to the south, and Coahuila to the west. To the north, Nuevo León has a 15 kilometer stretch of the U.S.-Mexico border adjacent to the U.S...
  
  .

Governors of Nuevo León

• 1698 - 1703 Juan Francisco de Vergara y Mendoza
• 1703 - 1705 Francisco Báez Treviño (First time) (interim)
• 1705 - 1707 Gregorio de Salinas Verona
• 1707 - 1708 Cipriano García de Pruneda
• 1708 - 1710 Luis García de Pruneda (interim)
• 1710 - 1714 Francisco Mier y Torre
• 1714 - 1718 Francisco Báez Treviño (Second time) (interim)
• 1718 - 1719 Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollón
• 1719 - 1723 Francisco de Bardadillo y Vittoria
• 1723 - 1725 Juan José de Arriaga y Brambila
• 1725 - 1730 Pedro de Saravia Cortés
• 1730 - 1731 Bernardino de Meneses Monroy y Mendonza Bracamonte, conde de Peñalba
• 1731 - 1740 José Antonio Fernández de Jáuregui y Urrita
• 1740 - 1746 Pedro del Barrío Junbco y Espriella (First time)
• 1746 - 1752 Vicente Bueno de la Borbolla
• 1752 - 1757 Pedro del Barrío Junbco y Espriella (Second time)
• 1757 - 1759 Domingo Miguel Guajardo (interim)
• 1759 - 1762 Juan Manuel Muñoz de Villavicencio
• 1762 - 1764 Carlos de Velasco
• 1764 - 1772 Ignacio Ussel y Guimbarda
• 1772 - 1773 Francsico de Echegaray
• 1773 - 1781 Melchor Vidal de Lorca y Villena
• 1781 - 1785 Vicente González de Santianes
• 1785 - 1795 Joaquín de Mier y Noriega
• 1795 - 1805 Simón de Herrera y Leyva
• 1805 - 1810 Pedro de Herrera y Leyva
• 1810 - 1811 Manuel de Santa Maria
• 1813 Ramón Díaz Bustamante
• 1812 - 1817 The Alcalde
  Alcalde
  Alcalde , or Alcalde ordinario, is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An alcalde was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian cabildo and judge of first instance of a town...
  
  s of Monterrey
  Monterrey
  Monterrey , is the capital city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León in the country of Mexico. The city is anchor to the third-largest metropolitan area in Mexico and is ranked as the ninth-largest city in the nation. Monterrey serves as a commercial center in the north of the country and is the...
  
  
• 1817 - 1818 Bernardo Villareal
• 1818 - 1821 Francisco Bruno Barrea

Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas

• All Provincias Internas were under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara
  Real Audiencia of Guadalajara
  The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated...
  
   with oversight by the Viceroy before the creation of the Commandancy General.
• 1777 Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas
  Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas
  The Provincias Internas or Commandancy General of the Internal Provinces of the North was a colonial, administrative district of the Spanish Empire, created in 1776 to provide more autonomy for the frontier provinces in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, present day northern Mexico and southwestern...
  
   created with autonomy from the Viceroy.
• 1788 - 1793 Divided into Eastern Provinces (Coahuila, Texas, Nuevo León, Nuevo Santander) and Western Provinces (Sonora, Nueva Vizcaya, Nuevo México).
• 1793 Nuevo León and Nuevo Santander removed from the Provincias Internas.
• 1812 Nuevo Santander part of the Provincias Internas.
• 1813 - 1821 Re-divided into Eastern and Western Commandancies General.

Commandants General

• 1777 - 1783 Teodoro Francisco de Croix
  Teodoro de Croix
  Teodoro de Croix was a Spanish soldier and colonial official in New Spain and Peru. From April 6, 1784 to March 25, 1790 he was viceroy of Peru.-Background:...
  
  , conde de Croix
• 1783 - 1784 Felipe de Neve
  Felipe de Neve
  Felipe de Neve was a Spanish governor of Las Californias, an area that included present-day California , Baja California and Baja California Sur . His tenure as governor was from 1775 to 1782...
  
  
• 1784 - 1786 José Antonio Rengel de Alcaraz y Páez
• 1786 - 1788 Jacobo Ugarte y Loyola
• 1793 - 1802 Pedro de Nava
• 1802 - 1813 Nemesio Salcedo y Salcedo

Commandants General of the Eastern Provinces

• 1788 - 1791 Juan de Uglade
• 1791 - 1793 Ramón de Castro y Gutierrez
• 1813 Simón Herrera y Leyva
• 1813 - 1817 Joaquín de Arredondo y Mioño Pelegrin y Bustamante

Province of Coahuila

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara
  Real Audiencia of Guadalajara
  The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated...
  
  .
• 1575 Part of Nueva Vizcaya
  Nueva Vizcaya
  Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by, clockwise from the north, Ifugao, Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and Benguet.-History, people and culture:The name was derived from the...
  
  .
• 23 January 1691 Province of Coahuila and Texas.
• 1716 Coahuila a separate province.
• 1777 - 1822 Part of the Provincias Internas.
• 1822 Part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Province transformed into State of Coahuila y Texas.

Governors of Coahuila

• 1698 - 1703 Francisco Cuervo y Valdés
• 1703 - 1705 Matías de Aguirre
• 1705 - 1708 Martín de Alarcón
• 1708 - 1714 Simón de Padilla y Córdova
• 1714 Pedro Fermín de Echever y Subiza
• 1714 - 1716 Juan de Valdes
• 1716 - 1717 José Antonio de Eca y Múzquiz
• 1717 - 1719 Martín de Alarcón
• 1719 - 1722 José Azlo y Virto de Vera, marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo
• 1722 - 1729 Blas de la Garza Falcón (First time)
• 1729 - 1733 Manuel de Sandoval
• 1733 - 1735 Blas de la Garza Falcón (Second time)
• 1735 - 1739 Clemente de la Garza Falcón
• 1739 - 1744 Juan García Pruneda
• 1744 - 1754 Pedro de Rábago y Terán
• 1754 - 1756 Manuel Antonio Bustillos y Ceballos
• 1756 - 1757 Miguel de Sesman y Escudero
• 1757 - 1759 Ángel Martos y Navarrette
• 1759 - 1762 Jacinto de Barríos y Jáguregui (First time)
• 1762 - 1764 Lorenzo Cancio Sierra y Cienfuegos
• 1764 - 1765 Diego Ortiz Parrilla
• 1765 - 1768 Jacinto de Barríos y Jáguregui (Second time)
• 1768 - 1769 José Costilla y Terán
• 1769 - 1777 Jacobo de Ugarte y Loyola
• 1777 - 1783 Juan de Ugalde
• 1783 - 1788 Pedro Fueros
• 1788 - 1790 Juan Gutiérrez de la Cueva (First time)
• 1790 - 1795 Miguel Jose de Emparán
• 1795 - 1797 Juan Gutiérrez de la Cueva (Second time)
• 1797 - 1805 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante (First time)
• 1805 - 1809 José Joaquín de Ugarte
• 1809 - 1817 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante (Second time)
• 1817 - 1818 Antonio García de Tejada
• 1818 - 1819 José Franco
• 1819 - 1820 Manuel Pardo
• 1820 - 1822 Antonio Elosúa

Province of Texas (1698-1822)

• 1682 Ruled as part of Coahuila; under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara
  Real Audiencia of Guadalajara
  The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated...
  
  .
• February 1685 - January 1689 French establish Fort Saint Louis at Matagorda Bay.
• 1691 Province of Coahuila y Texas created.
• c.1726 Coahuila and Texas separated.
• 1822 Province of Mexico.
• 14 October 1824 Transformed into State of Coahuila y Texas.
• 15 November 1835 Texas ruled by Provisional Government.
• 2 March 1836 Independent Republic of Texas
  Republic of Texas
  The Republic of Texas was an independent nation in North America, bordering the United States and Mexico, that existed from 1836 to 1846.Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution, the state claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S...
  
   established.

Province of Nuevo México (1598-1822)

• 1595 Santa Fe de Nuevo México
  Santa Fe de Nuevo México
  Santa Fe de Nuevo México was a province of New Spain and later Mexico that existed from the late 16th century up through the mid-19th century. It was centered on the upper valley of the Rio Grande , in an area that included most of the present-day U.S. state of New Mexico...
  
   conquered and established.
• 1822 Part of independent Mexico.
• 14 October 1824 Territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México
  Santa Fe de Nuevo México
  Santa Fe de Nuevo México was a province of New Spain and later Mexico that existed from the late 16th century up through the mid-19th century. It was centered on the upper valley of the Rio Grande , in an area that included most of the present-day U.S. state of New Mexico...
  
   created.

Commandants General of the Western Provinces

• 1788 - 1790 Jacobo Ugarte y Loyola
• 1790 - 1793 Pedro de Nava
• 1813 - 1817 Bernardo Bonavia y Zapata
• 1817 - 1821 Alejo García Conde

Province of Sonora y Sinaloa

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara
  Real Audiencia of Guadalajara
  The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated...
  
  
• 1732 Province of Sonora y Sinaloa (formerly part of Nueva Vizcaya
  Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain
  Nueva Vizcaya was the first province in the north of New Spain to be explored and settled by the Spanish. It consisted mostly of the area which is today the states of Chihuahua and Durango in Mexico.-Early exploration and the Viceroyalty:...
  
  ) created.
• 1777 - 1821 Part of the Provincias Internas.
• 1787 Intendencia
  Intendant
  The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office...
  
  of Sonora
  Sonora
  Sonora officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 72 municipalities; the capital city is Hermosillo....
  
   created.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Sonora y Sinaloa
  Sonora y Sinaloa
  Sonora y Sinaloa was a province in the Provincias Internas and under the jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Guadalajara of Viceroyalty of New Spain. After Independence Sonora y Sinaloa became one of the constituent states of the Mexican Republic...
  
   transformed into a State.

Governors of Sonora y Sinaloa

• 1734 - 1741 Manuel Bernal de Huidobro
• 1741 - 1748 Augustín de Vildósola
• 1748 - 1749 José Rafael Rodriguez Gallardo
• 1749 - 1753 Diego Ortiz de Parilla
• 1753 - 1755 Pablo de Arce y Arroyo
• 1755 - 1760 Juan Antonio de Mendoza
• 1760 - 1762 José Tiendra de Cuervo
• 1763 - 1770 Juan Claudio de Pineda
• 1770 - 1772 Pedro de Corbalán (First time)
• 1772 - 1773 Mateo Sastré
• 1773 - 1777 Francisco Antonio Crespo
• 1777 - 1787 Pedro de Corbalán (Second time)

Governor-Intendants of Sonora

• 1787 - 1789 Pedro Garrido y Durán
• 1789 - 1790 Augustín de la Cuenta y Zayas
• 1790 - 1793 Enrique Gimarest
• 1793 - 1796 Alonso Tresierra y Cano
• 1796 - 1813 Alejo García Conde
• 1813 - 1817 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante (First time)
• 1818 Ignacio de Bustamante (First time)
• 1818 Manuel Fernández Rojo
• 1818 - 1819 Igancio de Bustamante (Second time)
• 1819 Juan José Lombrán
• 1819 - 1821 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante (Second time)

Province of Nueva Vizcaya

• Under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Guadalajara
  Real Audiencia of Guadalajara
  The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated...
  
  .
• 1562 Province of Nueva Vizcaya
  Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain
  Nueva Vizcaya was the first province in the north of New Spain to be explored and settled by the Spanish. It consisted mostly of the area which is today the states of Chihuahua and Durango in Mexico.-Early exploration and the Viceroyalty:...
  
   established.
• 1777 - 1821 Part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas.
• 1786 Intendencia
  Intendant
  The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office...
  
  of Durango established.
• 1821 Province part of independent Mexico
• 1824 Nueva Vizcaya transformed into the states of Durango
  Durango
  Durango officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Durango is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is located in Northwest Mexico. With a population of 1,632,934, it has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja...
  
   and Chihuahua.

Governors of Nueva Vizcaya

• 1698 - 1703 Juan Bautista de Larrea Palomino y Solís
• 1703 - 1708 Juan Fernández de Córdoba
• 1708 - 1714 Antonio de Deza y Ulloa
• 1714 - 1720 Juan Manuel de San Juan y Santa Cruz
• 1720 - 1723 Martín de Alday
• 1723 - 1727 José Sebastián López de Carvajal
• 1728 - 1733 Ignacio Francisco de Barrutia y Aeta Esenagucia
• 1733 - 1738 Juan José Vértiz y Ontañón
• 1738 - 1743 Juan Bautista de Belaunzarán y Zumeta
• 1743 - 1748 José Enrique de Cosío, marqués de Torre Campo
• 1748 - 1753 Jaun Francico de la Puerta y de la Barrera
• 1753 - 1761 Mateo Antonio de Mendoza Díaz de Arce
• 1761 - 1769 José Carlos de Agüero y González de Agüero
• 1769 - 1776 José de Fayni y Gálvez
• 1776 - 1784 Felipe de Barri
• 1784 - 1785 Juan Velázquez
• 1785 Manuel Muñoz
• 1785 - 1786 Manuel Flon y Tejada, conde de la Cadena

Governor-Intendants of Durango

• 1786 - 1791 Felipe Díaz de Ortega Bustillo
• 1791 - 1793 Francisco Antonio de Potau y de Colón de Portugal
• 1793 - 1796 Francisco José de Urrutia Montoya
• 1796 - 1813 Bernardo Bonavia y Zapata
• 1813 - 1817 Alejo Garcia Conde
• 1817 - 1818 Angel Pinilla y Pérez
• 1818 - 1819 Antonio Cordero y Bustamante
• 1819 - 1821 Diego García Conde

Province of Las Californias

• 28 September 1542- First European landing by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
  Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
  Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Portuguese explorer noted for his exploration of the west coast of North America on behalf of Spain. Cabrillo was the first European explorer to navigate the coast of present day California in the United States...
  
  .
• 4 November 1595- Sebastián Rodríguez Cermeño
  Sebastián Rodríguez Cermeño
  Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho , was a Portuguese explorer, born in Sesimbra , appointed by the king Philip II to sail along the shores of California, in the years 1595 and 1596, in order to map the American west coast line and define the maritime routes of the Pacific Ocean in the 16th...
  
   claims the coast for Spain.
• 1697- First Mission
  Spanish missions in Baja California
  The Spanish Missions in Baja California comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic religious orders, the Jesuits, the Franciscans and the Dominicans, between 1683 and 1834 to spread the Christian doctrine among the local natives...
  
   erected in Baja California
  Baja California Peninsula
  The Baja California peninsula , is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. Its land mass separates the Pacific Ocean from the Gulf of California. The Peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur in the south.The total area of the Baja California...
  
  .
• 1768- Spanish settlement begins.
• 1769- First Mission
  Spanish missions in California
  The Spanish missions in California comprise a series of religious and military outposts established by Spanish Catholics of the Franciscan Order between 1769 and 1823 to spread the Christian faith among the local Native Americans. The missions represented the first major effort by Europeans to...
  
   and Presidio
  Presidio of San Diego
  El Presidio Reál de San Diego is an historical fort established on May 14, 1769, by Commandant Pedro Fages for Spain. It was the first permanent European settlement on the Pacific Coast of the United States. As the first of the presidios and Spanish missions in California, it was the base of...
  
   erected in 'upper' California
  California
  California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
  
  .
• 3 June 1770- Province of Las Californias
  Las Californias
  The Californias, or in — - was the name given by the Spanish to their northwestern territory of New Spain, comprising the present day states of Baja California and Baja California Sur on the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico; and the present day U.S. state of California in the United States of...
  
   established.
• 1804- Provinces of Alta California
  Alta California
  Alta California was a province and territory in the Viceroyalty of New Spain and later a territory and department in independent Mexico. The territory was created in 1769 out of the northern part of the former province of Las Californias, and consisted of the modern American states of California,...
  
   and Baja California created.
• 11 April 1822- Both provinces part of independent Mexican Empire
  First Mexican Empire
  The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1821 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of New Spain proper...
  
   as the Territories of Baja and Alta California.

Lieutenant Governors of Las Californias

• 1768 - 9 July 1770 Gaspar de Portolá
  Gaspar de Portolà
  Gaspar de Portolà i Rovira was a soldier, governor of Baja and Alta California , explorer and founder of San Diego and Monterey. He was born in Os de Balaguer, province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Spain, of Catalan nobility. Don Gaspar served as a soldier in the Spanish army in Italy and Portugal...
  
   (b. 1723 - d. 1786)
• 9 July 1770 - 23 March 1774 Pedro Fages
  Pedro Fages
  Pere Fages Beleta , nicknamed L'Ós , was a soldier, explorer, and the second Spanish military Governor of Las Californias Province of New Spain from 1770 to 1774, and the Governor of Las Californias from 1782 to 1791.-Life:...
  
   (b. 1730 - d. 1796?)
• 23 March 1774 - 3 February 1777 Fernando José Rivera y Moncada
  Fernando Rivera y Moncada
  Fernando Javier Rivera y Moncada was a soldier from New Spain who served in the Baja California peninsula and upper Las Californias, participating in several early overland explorations. Fernando Rivera y Moncada served as a Spanish Miilitary Governor from 1774-1777. -Biography:Rivera was born...
  
   (b. 1724 - d. 1781)

Governors of Las Californias

• 3 February 1777 - 7 September 1782 Felipe de Neve
  Felipe de Neve
  Felipe de Neve was a Spanish governor of Las Californias, an area that included present-day California , Baja California and Baja California Sur . His tenure as governor was from 1775 to 1782...
  
   (b. 1728 - d. 1784)
• 7 September 1782 - 17 April 1791 Pedro Fages
  Pedro Fages
  Pere Fages Beleta , nicknamed L'Ós , was a soldier, explorer, and the second Spanish military Governor of Las Californias Province of New Spain from 1770 to 1774, and the Governor of Las Californias from 1782 to 1791.-Life:...
  
   (s.a.)
• 17 April 1791 - 9 April 1792 José Antonio de Roméu
  José Antonio Roméu
  José Antonio Roméu was governor of Las Californias from 1791 to 1792.In 1782, José Antonio Roméu led a retailatory mission after the Quechan Yuma Massacre of 1781.-See also:* New Spain* Las Californias* History of California to 1899...
  
  , conde de Riverra Gigado (b. 1842 - d. 1792)
• 9 April 1792 - Nov 1794 José Joaquín de Arrillaga
  José Joaquín de Arrillaga
  José Joaquín de Arrillaga was interim governor of Las Californias from 1792 to 1794, governor of Las Californias from 1800 to 1804 and governor of Alta California from 1804 to 1814.-Death:...
  
   (First time)(b. 1750 - d. 1814) (acting)
• Nov 1794 - 16 January 1800 Diego de Borica
  Diego de Borica
  Diego de Borica was a Spanish explorer and the seventh Governor of Las Californias from 1794 to 1800, and is credited with defining Alta- and Baja-California's official borders.-Biography:...
  
   (b. 1742 - d. 1800)
• 16 January 1800 - 11 March 1802 Pedro de Alberni
  Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
  Don Pedro de Alberni, sometimes known as Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor in Catalan was a Spanish soldier who served the Spanish Crown for almost all his life. He spent most of his military career in the Viceroyalty of New Spain...
  
   (acting) (b. 1747 - d. 1802)
• 11 March 1802 - 1804 José Joaquín de Arrillaga (Second time) (s.a.)

• See List of pre-statehood governors of California for Governors of Alta California
  Alta California
  Alta California was a province and territory in the Viceroyalty of New Spain and later a territory and department in independent Mexico. The territory was created in 1769 out of the northern part of the former province of Las Californias, and consisted of the modern American states of California,...
  
   (Spanish: 1804 - 1822, Mexican: 1822 - 1847).

Provinces of the Kingdom of Guatemala

• Under the judicial jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Guatemala and the administrative supervision of its President-Captain General with great autonomy from the Viceroy of New Spain.

Province of Guatemala

• Directly administered by the President-Captain General of the Real Audiencia of Santo Guatemala.

Province of Chiapas

• 1529 Province of Chiapas established.
• 1576 Alcaldía Mayor
  Corregidor (position)
  A corregidor was a local, administrative and judicial position in Spain and its empire. He was the highest authority of a Corregimiento. In the Americas a corregidor was often called an alcalde mayor. They began to be appointed in fourteenth century Castile and the institution was definitively...
  
  of Ciudad Real de Chiapa
  San Cristóbal de las Casas
  San Cristóbal de las Casas also known as it's native Tsotsil name, Jovel is a city and municipality located in the Central Highlands region of the Mexican state of Chiapas...
  
  
• 1769 Divided into Alcaldía Mayor of Ciudad Real and Alcaldía Mayor of Tuxtla
  Tuxtla Gutiérrez
  Tuxtla Gutiérrez is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Chiapas. It is considered to be the state’s most modern city, with most of its public buildings dating from the 20th century. One exception to this is the San Marcos Cathedral which began as a Dominican parish church built in...
  
  
• 20 September 1786 Intendencia of Ciudad Real de Chiapas created.
• 1821 Part of independent Mexico.
• 1824 Province transformed into State of Chiapas
  Chiapas
  Chiapas officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Chiapas is one of the 31 states that, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 118 municipalities and its capital city is Tuxtla Gutierrez. Other important cites in Chiapas include San Cristóbal de las...
  
  , with the exception of Soconusco
  Soconusco
  Soconusco is a region of the Mexican state of Chiapas, located in the extreme south of the state and separated from Guatemala by the Suchiate River. It is a region of rich lowlands and foothills. The economic center is Tapachula. Soconusco consists of 16 municipalities.The name comes from the...
  
  .

Lieutenant Governors of Chiapas

• 1528 - 1529 Diego de Mazariegos
• 1529 - 1531 Juan Enríquez de Guzmán
• 1531 Diego de Olguín
• 1532 - 1535 Francisco Ortés de Velasco (First time)
• 1535 - 1537 García de Padilla
• 1537 - 1540 Baltazar Guerra de la Vega
• 1540 Gonzalo de Ovalle (First time)
• 1540 García de Mendano (First time)
• 1540 - 1542 Francisco de Montejo
• 1542 - 1544 García de Mendano (Second time)
• 1544 Antonio de Saz y de la Torre
• 1545 Luis de Torres Medinilla
• 1545 Francisco Ortés de Velasco (Second time)
• 1545 Gonzalo de Ovalle (Second time)
• 1545 - 1553 The Alcalde
  Alcalde
  Alcalde , or Alcalde ordinario, is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An alcalde was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian cabildo and judge of first instance of a town...
  
  s of Ciudad Real de Chiapa
• 1553 - 1556 Antonio Alfonso Mazariegos
• 1556 - 1570 Francisco Ortés de Velasco (Third time)
• 1570 Francisco del Valle Marroquín
• 1570 - 1576 Juan de Meza

Alcaldes Mayores of Ciudad Real de Chiapa

• 1577 - 1581 Juan de Meza
• 1582 - 1586 Gaspar de Padilla
• 1586 - 1593 Pedro Martínez (First time)
• 1593 Martín Núñez
• 1594 - 1595 Pedro Martínez (Second time)
• 1596 - 1598 Alonso Bernaldez de Quiroz
• 1599 Baltazar Muriel de Valdivieso (First time)
• 1600 Bernardo Quiroz y Aguilera
• 1601 - 1610 Baltazar Muriel de Valdivieso (Second time)
• 1610 - 1616 Gabriel de Loarte y Ovalle
• 1617 Pedro Urbina de Cervera
• 1617 - 1620 Agustín García de Albornoz Legaspi
• 1620 Gabriel de Orellana
• 1621 - 1627 Gabriel de Ugarte y Ayala
• 1627 Baltazar Caso
• 1628 - 1633 Juan Ruiz de Contreras (First time)
• 1633 José Sánchez Serrano
• 1634 Juan Ruiz de Contreras (Second time)
• 1634 - 1638 Francisco de Ávila y Lugo (First time)
• 1638 Diego Carrillo
• 1639 Francisco de Ávila y Lugo (Second time)
• 1639 - 1646 Diego de Vera Ordóñez de Villa Quirán
• 1646 - 1650 Melchor Sardo de Céspedes
• 1650 Pedro Lara de Mongrovejo (First time)
• 1650 - 1656 Alonso Vargas Zapata y Luján
• 1656 - 1660 Baltazar Caso Ponce de León (First time)
• 1660 Pedro López Ramales
• 1661 Baltazar Caso Ponce de León (Second time)
• 1662 - 1666 Fernando Álvarez de Aguiar
• 1666 Pedro de Zavaleta
• 1667 Pedro Lara de Mongrovejo (Second time)
• 1667 - 1670 Agustín Sáenz Vázquez
• 1670 Andrés de Ochoa Zárate
• 1671 - 1682 Juan Bautista González del Álamo
• 1682 José de Oruéta
• 1683 - 1685 Martínez de Urdaniz
• 1685 - 1693 Manuel de Mayesterra y Atocha
• 1693 - 1695 Francisco Vadillo (First time)
• 1695 Melchor de Mencos
• 1696 - 1697 Francisco Vadillo (Second time)
• 1698 Francisco Astudillo Sardo
• 1698 - 1708 Martín González de Vergara y Pardo
• 1708 Gaspar de Sierra
• 1709 Manuel de Bustamante (First time)
• 1709 Francisco Ballesteros
• 1710 - 1712 Pedro Gutiérrez de Mier y Terán
• 1712 Fernando del Monge (First time)
• 1712 - 1714 Melchor Sardo de Céspedes
• 1714 - 1719 Manuel de Bustamante (Second time)
• 1720 Carlos Vélez y Arriaga
• 1720 José Damián Fernández de Córdoba
• 1721 - 1724 José Damián Cruz de Córdob
• 1725 - 1728 Martín José de Bustamante
• 1728 - 1730 Antonio Varela y Moreno
• 1730 Gabriel Francisco Laguna
• 1731 Fernando del Monge (Second time)
• 1732 - 1737 Pedro José Caballero
• 1734 Antonio de la Unquera y Cevallos
• 1735 - 1736 Gabriel Francisco Laguna
• 1737 Miguel Fernández Romero
• 1737 Baltazar González de Vega
• 1738 - 1743 Antonio Zuazua y Mújica
• 1744 - 1746 Juan Bautista Garracín
• 1746 - 1751 Francisco Ángel de Elías
• 1752 Juan José Bocanegra
• 1753 - 1754 José Ángel Toledo
• 1755 - 1758 Manuel Ortiz
• 1758 Miguel Ignacio Viurrum
• 1759 - 1760 Antonio de Obeso
• 1761 - 1765 Joaquín Fernández Prieto Isla y Bustamante
• 1765 - 1767 Tomás de Murga
• 1767 - 1768 Fernando Gómez de Andrade

Alcaldes Mayores of Ciudad Real

• 1770 - 1772 Esteban Gutiérrez de la Torre
• 1772 - 1785 Cristóbal Ortiz de Avilés
• 1785 Ignacio Coronado
• 1786 Antonio Gutiérrez de Arce
• 1786 Alonso de Vargas

Alcaldes Mayores of Tuxtla

• 1769 - 1777 Juan de Oliver
• 1778 - 1783 Luis de Engrava y Ovalle
• 1783 - 1786 Miguel del Pino y Martínez

Governor-Intendants of Chiapas

• 1786 - 1789 Francisco Saavedra Carbajal
• 1789 - 1794 Agustín de las Cuentas y Zayas
• 1794 Francisco Durán
• 1794 Luis Martínez
• 1795 Tomás Mollinedo
• 1796 - 1802 Antonio Norberto Serrano Polo
• 1802 - 1807 Manuel de Olazábal
• 1807 Mariano Valero
• 1807 - 1809 Tomás de Mollinedo y Villavicencio
• 1809 Manuel Junquito y Baquerizo (First time)
• 1810 Manuel Ramírez
• 1811 - 1814 Manuel Junquito y Baquerizo (Second time)
• 1814 Juan Nepomuceno Batres
• 1814 Antonio Gutiérrez de Arce
• 1815 Gregorio Suasnávar
• 1816 Juan Antonio López
• 1817 - 1818 Juan María de Ancheita
• 1819 Carlos Castañón
• 1819 - 1821 Juan Nepomuceno Batres

Province of Nicaragua

• 1502 Coast of Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
  
   discovered by Christopher Columbus.
• 1522 First settlements established.
• 1522 - 1538 Subordinated to Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo
  The Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo was the first court of the Spanish crown in America. It was created by Ferdinand V of Castile in his decree of 1511, but due to disagreements between the governor of Hispaniola, Diego Colon and the Crown, it was not implemented until it was reestablished by...
  
  ; ruled by governors.
• 1524 León
  León, Nicaragua
  León is a department in northwestern Nicaragua . It is also the second largest city in Nicaragua, after Managua. It was founded by the Spaniards as Santiago de los Caballeros de León and rivals Granada, Nicaragua, in the number of historic Spanish colonial homes and churches...
  
   founded.
• 1538 - 1544 Subordinated to the Real Audiencia of Panama.
• 1544 Part of the Kingdom of Guatemala
  Captaincy General of Guatemala
  The Captaincy General of Guatemala , also known as the Kingdom of Guatemala , was an administrative division in Spanish America which covered much of Central America, including what are now the nations of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, and the Mexican state of Chiapas...
  
  .
• 1552 Governorship demoted to Alcaldía Mayor.
• 1566 Governorship reestablished.

• 1661 - 12 September 1861 British Protectorate
  Protectorate
  In history, the term protectorate has two different meanings. In its earliest inception, which has been adopted by modern international law, it is an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity...
  
   over the tribal Mosquito Coast
  Mosquito Coast
  The Caribbean Mosquito Coast historically consisted of an area along the Atlantic coast of present-day Nicaragua and Honduras, and part of the Western Caribbean Zone. It was named after the local Miskito Indians and long dominated by British interests...
  
  .
• 21 August 1685 - 14 September 1685 León captured by pirates under William Dampier
  William Dampier
  William Dampier was an English buccaneer, sea captain, author and scientific observer...
  
  .

• 23 December 1786 Intendencia
  Intendant
  The title of intendant has been used in several countries through history. Traditionally, it refers to the holder of a public administrative office...
  
  of León (including Costa Rica) created.
• 15 September 1821 Declaration of independence from Spain of the Kingdom of Guatemala as part of Mexican Independence (Acta de Nublados).
• 28 September 1821 León, while awaiting developments with regard to Spain, proclaims its secession from the Kingdom of Guatemala.
• 4 October 1821 Granada
  Granada, Nicaragua
  Granada is a city in western Nicaragua and the capital of the Granada Department. With an estimated population of 110,326 , it is Nicaragua's fourth most populous city. Granada is historically one of Nicaragua's most important cities, economically and politically...
  
   reaffirms its being part of the Kingdom of Guatemala.
• 12 October 1821 Part of First Mexican Empire
  First Mexican Empire
  The Mexican Empire was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime from 1821 to 1823. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendencies and provinces of New Spain proper...
  
  .
• 17 April 1823 León declares itself an "orphan" and thus sovereign.
• 1 July 1823 The Federal Republic of Central America
  Federal Republic of Central America
  The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...
  
   proclaims independence from Mexico and invites those provinces that had left the Kingdom of Guatemala to join.
• 2 July 1823 León accedes to invitation; incorporation into Central America.
• 4 January 1825 León surrenders to the authority of Manuel Arzú, commissioned by the federal government.
• 30 April 1838 Separation from the Federation sanctioned; promulgated 2 May 1838.
• 28 February 1854 Republic of Nicaragua reestablished.

Governors of Nicaragua

• 1522 - 1524 Gil González Dávila
• 1524 - 1526 Francisco Hernández de Córdoba
• 1526 - 1531 Pedro Arias de Ávila
• 1531 - 1535 Francisco de Castañeda
• 1536 - 1544 Rodrigo de Contreras
• 1544 Diego de Herrera
• 1544 - 1552 Administered directly by the Audiencia of Guatemala.

Alcaldes Mayores of Nicaragua

• 1552 - 1553 Alonso Ortiz de Elgueta
• 1553 Nicolás López de Urraga (First time)
• 1553 - 1555 Juan de Cavallón
• 1555 Juan Márquez
• 1555 - 1556 Álvaro de Paz
• 1556 - 1557 Nicolás López de Urraga (Second time)
• 1558 Andrés López Moraga
• 1558 - 1560 Francisco de Mendoza
• 1561 - 1564 Juan Vásquez de Coronado
• 1564 - 1566 Hernando Bermejo

Governors of Nicaragua

• 1566 - 1575 Alonso de Casaos
• 1575 - 1576 Francisco del Valle Marroquín
• 1576 - 1583 Diego de Artieda y Chirino
• 1583 - 1589 Hernando de Gasco
• 1589 - 1592 Carlos de Arellano
• 1592 - 1599 Bartolomé de Lences
• 1599 - 1603 Bernardino de Obando
• 1603 - 1622 Alonso Lara de Córdoba
• 1622 Cristóbal de Villagrán
• 1622 - 1623 Alonso Lazo
• 1623 - 1625 Santiago de Figueroa
• 1625 - 1627 Lázaro de Albizúa
• 1627 - 1630 Juan de Agüero
• 1630 - 1634 Francisco de Asagra y Vargas
• 1634 - 1641 Pedro de Velasco
• 1641 - 1660 Juan de Bracamonte
• 1660 - 1665 Diego de Castro
• 1665 - 1669 Juan Salinas y Cerda
• 1669 - 1673 Antonio Temiño Dávila
• 1673 - 1681 Pablo de Loyola
• 1681 Antonio Coello
• 1681 - 1689 Pedro Álvarez Castrillón
• 1689 - 1693 Gabriel Rodríguez Bravo de Hoyos
• 1693 - 1699 Pedro Gerónimo Luis de Comenares y Camargo
• 1699 - 22 October 1705 Miguel de Camargo
• 22 October 1705 - 21 August 1721 Sebastián de Arancibia y Sasi
• 1722 - 1724 Antonio Póveda y Rivadineira (First time) (d. 1727)
• 1724 - 1727 Tomás Marcos, duque de Estrada (First time)
• 26 January 1727 - 7 July 1727 Antonio Póveda y Rivadineira (Second time) (s.a.)
• 26 August 1727 - 1728 Pedro Martínez de Uparrio
• August 1728 - 1730 Tomás Marcos, duque de Estrada (Second time)
• 1730 - 1736 Bartolomé González Fitoria
• 1736 - 1740 Antonio Ortiz
• 21 November 1740 - 1745 José Antonio Lacayo de Briones
• 1745 Francisco Antonio de Cáceres Molinedo
• 23 August 1745 - Dec 1746 Juan de Vera
• Dec 1746 - 1753 Alonso Fernández de Heredia
• 1753 - 1756 José González Rancaño
• 1756 - 1759 Melchor Vidal de Lorca y Villena (First time)
• 1759 - 1765 Pantaleón Ibáñez Cuevas
• 1765 - 1766 Melchor Vidal de Lorca y Villena (Second time)
• 1766 - 1776 Domingo Cabello y Robles
• 1777 - 1782 Manuel de Quiroga
• 1779 - 1783 José de Estachería
• 1783 - 23 December 1786 Juan de Ayza y Blancazo Allue y Palacín

Governors-Intendants of León (Nicaragua)

• 23 December 1786 - 1789 Juan de Ayza y Blancazo Allue y Palacín
• 1789 - 1793 José Mateu y Aranda
• 1793 - 13 December 1811 José de Salvador
• 13 December 1811 - 1814 Nicolás García Jerez (14 December 1814 - 1817 also President of the Governing Junta)
• 1814 - 1816 Juan Bautista Gual
• 1816 - 1818 Manuel de Beltranena
• 1818 - Apr 1823 Miguel González Saravia

Superior Political Chief and Intendant of León

• Office of Superior Political Chief (Jefe Político Superior) created by Spanish Constitution of 1812
  Spanish Constitution of 1812
  The Spanish Constitution of 1812 was promulgated 19 March 1812 by the Cádiz Cortes, the national legislative assembly of Spain, while in refuge from the Peninsular War...
  
  .
• 15 September 1821 - 12 October 1821 Miguel González de Saravia y Colarte, President of the Provisional Governing Junta
• 17 April 1823 - 4 January 1825 Provisional Governing Junta, members:

Pedro Solís Terán (Primer Vocal)

José del Carmen Salazar Lacayo

Francisco Quiñónez

Domingo Nicolás Galarza y Briceño de Coca

Basilio Carrillo

José Valentín Fernández Gallegos (alternate)

Juan Modesto Hernández (alternate)

Province of Costa Rica

• 1502 Claimed for Spain.
• 1540 Province of Nuevo Cartago y Costa Rica
  Nuevo Cartago y Costa Rica
  Nuevo Cartago y Costa Rica was a province of the Kingdom of Guatemala, created in 1540 during the reign of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor . It was formed from two earlier Spanish territories...
  
   created, part of the Kingdom of Guatemala
  Captaincy General of Guatemala
  The Captaincy General of Guatemala , also known as the Kingdom of Guatemala , was an administrative division in Spanish America which covered much of Central America, including what are now the nations of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, and the Mexican state of Chiapas...
  
  .
• 1565 Province of Costa Rica created.
• 23 December 1786 Gobierno ('government') of Costa Rica established within Intendencia of León (see Nicaragua).
• 12 November 1821 Independence (Province of Costa Rica)
• 4 March 1824 - 15 November 1838 Constituent state of the Federal Republic of Central America
  Federal Republic of Central America
  The Federal Republic of Central America, known as the United Provinces of Central America in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain...
  
  .
• 8 September 1824 Free State of Costa Rica.
• 7 March 1847 State of Costa Rica.
• 31 August 1848 Republic of Costa Rica
  Costa Rica
  Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
  
  .

Governors of Costa Rica

• 1568 - 1573 Parafán de Ribera
• 1574 - 1577 Alonso de Anguciana y Gamboa
• 1577 - 1590 Diego de Artieda y Chirino
• 1590 - 1591 Juan Valásquez Ramiro
• 1591 - 1592 Bartolomé de Lences
• 1592 - 1595 Gonzalo de lam Palma
• 1595 - 1599 Fernando de la Cueva
• 1600 - 1604 Gonzalo Vázquez de Coronado y Arias de Ávila
• 1604 - 1613 Juan de Ocón y Trillo
• 1613 - 1619 Juan de Mendoza y Medrano
• 1619 - 1624 Alonso del Castillo y Guzmán
• 1624 - 1630 Juan de Echáuz
• 1630 - 1634 Juan de Villalta
• 1634 - 1636 Juan de Agüero
• 1636 - 1644 Gregorio de Sandoval y González de Alcalá
• 1644 - 1650 Juan de Cháves y Mendoza
• 1650 - 1655 Juan Fernández de Salinas y de la Cerda
• 1655 - 1661 Andrés Arias Maldonaldo y Mendoza
• 1662 - 1664 Rodrigo Arias Maldonaldo
• 1664 - 1665 Juan de Obregón
• 1664 - 1674 Juan López de la Flor
• 1675 - 1681 Juan Francisco Sáenz Vázquez y Sendín
• 1681 - 1693 Miguel Gómez de Lara
• 1693 - 1698 Manuel de Bustamante y Vivero
• 1698 - 1704 Francisco Serrano de Reina y Lizarde
• 1704 - 1707 Diego de Herrera y Campuzano
• 1707 - 1712 Lorenzo Antonio de Granada y Balbín
• 1713 - 1717 José Antonio Lacayo de Briones y Palacios
• 1717 - 1718 Pedro Ruíz de Bustamante
• 1718 - 1726 Diego de la Haya y Fernández
• 1727 - 1736 Baltasar Francisco de Valderrama y Haro
• 1736 Antonio Vázquez de la Quadra
• 1736 - 1739 Francisco Antonio de Carrandi y Menán
• 1739 - 1740 Francisco de Olaechea
• 2 June 1740 - 5 November 1747 Juan Gemmir y Lleonart (d. 1747)
• 22 November 1747 - 14 March 1750 Luis Díez Navarro (interim to 22 January 1748)
• 1750 - 1754 Cristóbal Ignacio de Soría
• 1754 - 2 July 1756 Francisco Fernández de la Pástora (d. 1756)
• 12 August 1756 - 24 October 1757 José Antonio de Oreamuno y Vázquez Melendez (First time)(interim)
• 24 October 1757 - 18 September 1758 José Gonzalez Rancaño (interim)
• 18 September 1758 - 1761 Manuel Soler (d. 1763) (abandoned office 1760)
• 1761 Francisco Javier de Oreamuno y Vázquez Melendez (interim)
• 1761 Pedro Manuel de Ayerdi (interim)
• 1761 - 1764 José Antonio de Oreamuno y Vázquez Melendez (Second time)(interim)
• 1764 - 1773 José Joaquín de Nava y Cabezudo (acting to 3 April 1764)
• 1773 - 1778 Juan Fernández de Bobadilla (First time) (d. 1781)
• 25 June 1778 - 23 July 1780 José Perié y Barros (First time) (d. 1789)
• 23 July 1780 - 28 January 1781 Juan Fernández de Bobadilla (Second time)(interim)
• 28 January 1781 - 1781 Francisco Carzo (interim)
• 11 April 1781 - 1785 Juan Flores (interim)
• 31 January 1785 - 7 January 1789 José Perié y Barros (Second time) (s.a.)
• 7 January 1789 - 1789 José Antonio de Oriamuno (acting)
• 1789 - 1790 Juan Esteban Martínez de Pinillos (interim)
• 7 November 1790 - 1797 José Vázquez y Téllez
• 3 April 1797 - 4 December 1810 Tomás de Acosta y Hurtado de Mendoza (d. 1821)
• 4 December 1810 - 10 June 1819 Juan de Dios de Ayala y Gudiño (d. 1819) (military governor from 3 July 1810)
• 10 June 1819 - 11 October 1821 Juan Manuel de Cañas y Trujillo (interim)

Provinces under the Real Audiencia of Manila

• Spanish East Indies
  Spanish East Indies
  Spanish East Indies was a term used to describe Spanish territories in Asia-Pacific which lasted for three centuries . With the seat of government in Manila, the territory encompassed the Philippine Islands, Guam and the Mariana Islands, the Caroline Islands, and for a period of time, parts of...
  
   were under the judicial jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Manila and the administrative supervision of the Governor General-Captain General with great autonomy from the Viceroy of New Spain.
• See Governor-General of the Philippines
  Governor-General of the Philippines
  The Governor-General of the Philippines was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, governed mainly by Spain and the United States, and briefly by Great Britain, from 1565 to 1935....
  
   for list.

Sources and references

• WorldStatesmen — see each present country

See also

• List of viceroys of New Spain
• Viceroyalty of New Spain