Ernakulam district
Encyclopedia

Economy

Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...

 constitutes the most important segment of the district’s economy
Economy
An economy consists of the economic system of a country or other area; the labor, capital and land resources; and the manufacturing, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area...

 and it is the biggest source of employment
Employment
Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined as:- Employee :...

. Of the geographical 235319 hectares, crops are grown in 0 hectares. Coconut
Coconut
The coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, is a member of the family Arecaceae . It is the only accepted species in the genus Cocos. The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which is not a botanical nut. The spelling cocoanut is an old-fashioned form of the word...

 is the principal crop
Crop
Crop may refer to:* Crop, a plant grown and harvested for agricultural use* Crop , part of the alimentary tract of some animals* Crop , a modified whip used in horseback riding or disciplining humans...

 followed by rubber, paddy
Paddy field
A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. Paddy fields are a typical feature of rice farming in east, south and southeast Asia. Paddies can be built into steep hillsides as terraces and adjacent to depressed or steeply sloped features such...

, and tapioca
Tapioca
Tapioca is a starch extracted Manihot esculenta. This species, native to the Amazon, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, and most of the West Indies, is now cultivated worldwide and has many names, including cassava, manioc, aipim,...

. A paddy cultivation system called pokkali is peculiar to the district.

Ernakulam district is bestowed with all the geographical factors, which help the development of industry
Industrialisation
Industrialization is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one...

, and it is in the vanguard of all other districts in Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....

 in the field of industry. The availability of all types of transport
Transport
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, cattle, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations...

 facilities viz., road
Road
A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places, which typically has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by some conveyance, including a horse, cart, or motor vehicle. Roads consist of one, or sometimes two, roadways each with one or more lanes and also any...

, rail, canal
Canal
Canals are man-made channels for water. There are two types of canal:#Waterways: navigable transportation canals used for carrying ships and boats shipping goods and conveying people, further subdivided into two kinds:...

, sea
Ship transport
Ship transport is watercraft carrying people or goods . Sea transport has been the largest carrier of freight throughout recorded history. Although the importance of sea travel for passengers has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure cruises...

, air
Aviation
Aviation is the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, especially heavier-than-air aircraft. Aviation is derived from avis, the Latin word for bird.-History:...

 is a factor which is unique to this district. Ernakulam is perhaps the biggest commercial center in the state of Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....

. Its M.G. Road is the location of some of the biggest businesses in Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....

.

The sea along the entire coast of the district and the backwaters abound in fish
Fish
Fish are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups...

 of various kinds offer enormous natural facilities for both marine and inland fisheries. Kochi is an ideal place that supports fisheries in its various aspects like education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...

, research
Research
Research can be defined as the scientific search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method...

 and development.

Taluks

The district has the most number of taluks in the state. District is divided by two revenue divisions namely Fort Kochi and Muvattupuzha with 7 taluks.
  • Aluva
    Aluva
    Aluva , is a suburb of the city of Kochi, situated north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. Aluva is also a major industrial center of the state....

  • Kothamangalam
  • Kunnathunad
    Kunnathunad
    Kunnathunad is a village in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala.-Demographics: India census, Kunnathunad had a population of 20500 with 10290 males and 10210 females....

  • Paravoor
    Paravur Taluk
    North Paravur is the capital of Paravur Taluk in Ernakulam District. Paravur Taluk lies in the north western part of Ernakulam district bordering to Thrissur district. The surrounding taluks are Kochi to the west consisting of Vypin Island, Kodungallore to the north, Aluva to the east consisting...

  • Kochi
    Kochi
    -Places:* Kochi, a city in the state of Kerala, India, formerly known as Cochin* Kingdom of Cochin, a former feudal city-state on Malabar Coast, India** Fort Kochi, one of the three main urban components which constitute the present day city of Kochi, Kerala, India...

  • kanayannur
    Kanayannur
    Kanayannur is a Taluk in the District of Ernakulam, in the state of Kerala, India. Taluk is an administrative denomination in India.-Demographics: India Census, Kanayannur had a population of 790212 with 390875 males and 399337 females....

  • Moovattupuzha

Municipalities

Ernakulam district has the most number of municipalities in the state.
  • Aluva
    Aluva
    Aluva , is a suburb of the city of Kochi, situated north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. Aluva is also a major industrial center of the state....

  • Angamaly
    Angamaly
    Angamaly is a satellite town of the city of Kochi, situated north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. It is one of the entry points or gateways to Ernakulam district from northern Kerala...

  • Eloor
    Eloor
    Eloor is a suburb of Kochi and a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala, India. It is an industrial area north of Cochin. It is an island of 14.21 km² formed between two distributaries of river Periyar and is the largest industrial belt in Kerala...

  • Kalamassery
    Kalamassery
    Kalamassery is a suburban region of the city of Kochi and a Municipality in the District of Ernakulam of Kerala state, India. It is a concentrated region of industrialization with several factories manufacturing chemicals and fertilizers, as well as IT companies...

  • Kothamangalam
  • Maradu
    Maradu
    Maradu is a region in the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. In local governance, it is a municipality, and in the state governance structure it is part of the Ernakulam district.- Demographics :...

  • North Paravoor
  • Perumbavoor
    Perumbavoor
    Perumbavoor is a suburban region of Kochi city and a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala. It lies in the North Eastern tip of the Greater Cochin area and is also the headquarters of Kunnathunad Taluk. It is a Main Satellite Centres of Kochi City. Perumbavoor is famed...

  • Thrikkakara
    Thrikkakara
    Thrikkakkara is a suburb of the city of Kochi, as well as a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of state of Kerala. It is especially notable for its significance in the festival of Onam, and in the tale associated with it. Thrikkakkara is home for the esteemed centre of...

  • Thripunithura
  • Muvattupuzha
    Muvattupuzha
    Muvattupuzha is a municipality in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is a junction of three districts namely Ernakulam, Kottayam and Idukki. The town is bordered by Kottayam district on southern side and Idukki district on eastern side approximately 20 km from the town...


Parliamentary Constituencies

  • Chalakudy Parliamentary Constituency
  • Ernakulam Parliamentary Constituency
    Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)
    -Assembly segments:Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments:#Paravur#Vypin#Ernakulam#Kochi#Thrippunithura#Thrikkakara#Kalamassery-Members of Parliament:Travancore-Cochin*1951: C.P. Mathew, Indian National Congress...

  • Idukki Parliamentary Constituency
    Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency)
    -Assembly segments:Idukki Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments:#Thodupuzha#Devicolam #Idukki#Udumbanchola#Peermade#Muvattupuzha#Kothamangalam-Members of Parliament:*1977: C. M. Stephen, Indian National Congress...


Assembly Constituencies

  • Angamaly
    Angamaly
    Angamaly is a satellite town of the city of Kochi, situated north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. It is one of the entry points or gateways to Ernakulam district from northern Kerala...

  • Kalamassery
    Kalamassery
    Kalamassery is a suburban region of the city of Kochi and a Municipality in the District of Ernakulam of Kerala state, India. It is a concentrated region of industrialization with several factories manufacturing chemicals and fertilizers, as well as IT companies...

  • Paravur
    Paravur Taluk
    North Paravur is the capital of Paravur Taluk in Ernakulam District. Paravur Taluk lies in the north western part of Ernakulam district bordering to Thrissur district. The surrounding taluks are Kochi to the west consisting of Vypin Island, Kodungallore to the north, Aluva to the east consisting...

  • Vypeen
  • Ernakulam
    Ernakulam
    Ernakulam refers to the downtown area or the western part of the mainland of Kochi city in Kerala, India. The city is the most urban part of Kochi and has lent its name to the Ernakulam district. Ernakulam is called the commercial capital of the state of Kerala and is a main nerve of business in...

  • Kochi
    Kochi
    -Places:* Kochi, a city in the state of Kerala, India, formerly known as Cochin* Kingdom of Cochin, a former feudal city-state on Malabar Coast, India** Fort Kochi, one of the three main urban components which constitute the present day city of Kochi, Kerala, India...

  • Thrikkakara
    Thrikkakara
    Thrikkakkara is a suburb of the city of Kochi, as well as a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of state of Kerala. It is especially notable for its significance in the festival of Onam, and in the tale associated with it. Thrikkakkara is home for the esteemed centre of...

  • Thripunithura
  • Aluva
    Aluva
    Aluva , is a suburb of the city of Kochi, situated north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. Aluva is also a major industrial center of the state....

  • Perumbavoor
    Perumbavoor
    Perumbavoor is a suburban region of Kochi city and a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala. It lies in the North Eastern tip of the Greater Cochin area and is also the headquarters of Kunnathunad Taluk. It is a Main Satellite Centres of Kochi City. Perumbavoor is famed...

  • Kunnathunadu
  • Piravom
    Piravom
    Piravom is a town situated in Muvattupuzha Taluk of Ernakulam district in Kerala state, south India. It is 33 km South East of Cochin city & 42 km north of Kottayam town. Piravom is famous for historic Hindu temples and Syrian Christian churches. The town lies 22 km from the Taluka...

  • Moovattupuzha
  • Kothamangalaaam

Transport

Ernakulam district is blessed with all types of transport. It has the most number of Regional Transport Offices in the state. There are 9 Regional Transport Offices.
  • Ernakulam - KL 07
  • Muvattupuzha - KL 17
  • Thripunithura - KL 39
  • Perumbavoor - KL 40
  • Aluva - KL 41
  • North Paravur - KL 42
  • Mattanchery - KL 43
  • Kothamangalam - KL 44
  • Angamaly - KL 63


Also the district has got the maximum number of vehicles in the state.

Ernakulam district has excellent road connectivity. The 3 major national highways passing through Ernakulam District are the Cochin-Mumbai Highway (NH 17
National Highway 17 (India)
National Highway 17, commonly referred to as NH 17, now renamed as NH 66, is a busy National Highway in India that runs roughly north-south along the western coast of India, parallel to western ghats. It connects Panvel, near Mumbai to Kochi, passing through the states of Maharashtra, Goa,...

), Salem-Kanyakumari (NH 47 part of NSEW corridor) and Cochin-Dhanushkodi highway (NH 49
National Highway 49 (India)
National Highway 49 is National Highway in southern India. It traverses coast-to-coast linking Cochin in Kerala with Dhanushkodi in Tamil Nadu. It crosses the famous Pamban Bridge before crossing into Rameshwaram island...

).

The North South Corridor highway system starting from Edapally in Cochin on NH47 and connects the cities Thrissur
Thrissur
This article is about the city in India. For the district, see Thrissur district. For the urban agglomeration area of Thrissur see Thrissur Metropolitan Area...

, Palakkad
Palakkad
Palakkad , formerly known as Palghat, is a municipality and a town in the state of Kerala in southern India, spread over an area of 26.60 km2.The city is situated about north of state capital Thiruvananthapuram. It is the administrative headquarters of Palakkad District...

, Coimbatore
Coimbatore
Coimbatore , also known as Kovai , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a major commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India"....

, Salem and finally to Chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...

 and rest of the country towards north and Alapuzha, Kollam
Kollam
Kollam , often anglicized as ', is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city lies on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake on the Arabian sea coast and is situated about north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram...

, Trivandrum, Nagercoil
Nagercoil
Nagercoil is the 12th largest city in the southernmost Indian state of Tamil Nadu and a municipality and administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District...

 and Kanyakumari
Kanyakumari
Kanyakumari is a town in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It is also sometimes referred to as Cape Comorin. Located at the southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula, it is the geographical end of the Indian mainland. The district in Tamil Nadu where the town is located is called Kanyakumari...

 towards south. The National Highway 17 also starting from Edapally and connects the cities Calicut, Kannur
Kannur
Kannur , also known as Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of the District of Kannur and 518km north of state capital Trivandrum. During British rule in India, Kannur was known by its old name Cannanore, which is still in...

, Mangalore
Mangalore
Mangalore is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located about west of the state capital, Bangalore. Mangalore lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges, and is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district in south western...

, Mormugao
Mormugao
Mormugao or Marmagao is a city and a municipal council in South Goa district in the Indian state of Goa. It is Goa’s main port. It was featured in the 1980 film The Sea Wolves and the Bollywood film Bhootnath....

 and Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...

. The National Highway 49, also known as Madurai Highway starts from Kundannur near Cochin and passes through Kolenchery
Kolenchery
Kolenchery is a small town located on National Highway 49 , 27 km east of Cochin city in Ernakulam district of Kerala State, India. Just a hamlet with a church, handful of schools and cinema theatre five decades ago, it has grown rapidly through large-scale real estate developments. The...

, Muvattupuzha
Muvattupuzha
Muvattupuzha is a municipality in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is a junction of three districts namely Ernakulam, Kottayam and Idukki. The town is bordered by Kottayam district on southern side and Idukki district on eastern side approximately 20 km from the town...

, Kothamangalam
Kothamangalam
Kothamangalam is a town located in eastern part of Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala situated 45 km north east of Kochi City. It is located around 14 km north east to the town of Muvattupuzha. The town is situated in the foothills of the Western Ghats mountain ranges. It...

, Adimaly, Munnar
Munnar
Munnar is one of the most popular hill station in Kerala and in southern India. Munnar is located on the Western Ghats, situated in the Idukki district....

, Theni
Theni
Theni is a town in the Western Tamil Nadu state of South India. It is the headquarters of Theni District. It is known for the large-scale trading of Cardamom, Cotton, Grapes, chilli and Textiles. It hosts the second largest weekly market in Tamil Nadu and the fourth largest in South India...

, Madurai
Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It served as the capital city of the Pandyan Kingdom. It is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District and is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and...

 and finally terminates at Dhanushkodi. The district also has the two small national highways namely NH 47A
National Highway 47A (India)
National Highway 47A, also known as NH 47A, is the shortest highway in the Indian Highway network. It covers a distance of between Kundannoor and Willingdon Island in Kochi, Kerala. It starts from the junction of NH 47 at Kundannoor...

 for Cochin Port connectivity (Smallest Indian National Highway) and NH 47C
National Highway 47C (India)
National Highway 47C or NH 47C starts at Kalamassery and ends at Vallarpadam International Container Transhipment Terminal in Kochi, Kerala, India...

 as part of the International Container Transshipment Terminall
International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi
The Kochi International Container Transhipment Terminal , locally known as the Vallarpadam Terminal , is a container trans-shipment facility which is part of the Kochi Port. It is the only trans-shipment port in India, and is situated in Kochi, in the state of Kerala.Being constructed in three...

 connectivity.

The district is also well connected by state highways and other roads. Important state highway SH 1 also known as Main Central Road
Main Central Road
The Main Central Road is the arterial State Highway in the Travancore region of Kerala state, India. It is designated as SH 1 by the Kerala Public Works Department.The highway was built by Raja Kesavadas, Dewan of Travancore...

(MC Road) starts from Angamaly
Angamaly
Angamaly is a satellite town of the city of Kochi, situated north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. It is one of the entry points or gateways to Ernakulam district from northern Kerala...

, a suburb of Kochi city which connects to the state capital Trivandrum via Perumbavoor
Perumbavoor
Perumbavoor is a suburban region of Kochi city and a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala. It lies in the North Eastern tip of the Greater Cochin area and is also the headquarters of Kunnathunad Taluk. It is a Main Satellite Centres of Kochi City. Perumbavoor is famed...

, Kottayam
Kottayam
Kottayam is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 55.40 km2. It is the administrative capital of the Kottayam district. Kottayam Kottayam (Malayalam: കോട്ടയം) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 55.40 km2. It is the administrative...

.

Other Major roads
  • Palarivattom
    Palarivattom
    Palarivattom is a region in the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. It is part of the District of Ernakulam. It is a commercial area, which gained importance when the district's administration was moved to the nearby suburb of Kakkanad....

    - Moovattupuzha - Punalur
    Punalur
    Punalur is a city situvated near the Tamil Nadu Kerala Border in Kollam district in the southern state of Kerala, India. It is the pioneer in starting industrial revolution in Kerala by establishing Punalur Paper Mills, the first industry in kerala. It is situated in the banks of the river Kallada...

     SH:- Connects Kakkanad
    Kakkanad
    Kakkanad is a region in the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. This is the part of Kochi where much of its IT industry is based in. It is also the administrative headquarters of the District of Ernakulam ....

    , Pallikkara
    Pallikkara
    Pallikkara is a village near Payyoli, in the Kozhikode district of Kerala, India.-Demographics: India census, Pallikkara had a population of 20846 with 9985 males and 10861 females.pallikkara is located between Vatakara and Koyilandy ; 3 km from Payyoli....

    , Kizhakkambalam
    Kizhakkambalam
    Kizhakkambalam is a village in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India, a satellite township and eastern suburb of Cochin city. The majority of people living here are Jacobite Syrian and Catholic Christians and Hindus.-Notable landmarks:...

    , Pattimattom
    Pattimattom
    Pattimattom is a village in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. it is situated 17km northwest of Muvattupuzha on SH41. Town is Situated in a Junction of Roads Which are Kolenchery-Perumbavoor Road and SH41 Palarivattom-Muvattupuzha Road....

    , Moovattupuzha, Vazhakulam
    Vazhakulam
    Vazhakulam lies east of the town Muvattupuzha in Ernakulam district on the Muvattupuzha - Thodupuzha road in Kerala, India. This town is famous as Pineapple City since most are growing pineapple as well as it is the biggest Asian pineapple market...

    , Thodupuzha
    Thodupuzha
    Thodupuzha is a town and a municipality in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 35.43 km2. It is 62 km from Ernakulam. Geographical Classification of Thodupuzha Region is Midland or Idanad....

    , Pathanamthitta
    Pathanamthitta
    Pathanamthitta is a large town and a municipality situated in the central Travancore region in the state of Kerala, south India, spread over an area of 23.50 km2. It is the administrative capital of Pathanamthitta district. The city has a population of 38,000...


  • North Paravur
    North Paravur
    North Paravur formerly known as Parur is a town, municipality in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is an old and growing municipality. Paravur is the capital of Paravur Taluk in Ernakulam district...

     - Aluva
    Aluva
    Aluva , is a suburb of the city of Kochi, situated north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. Aluva is also a major industrial center of the state....

     - Munnar
    Munnar
    Munnar is one of the most popular hill station in Kerala and in southern India. Munnar is located on the Western Ghats, situated in the Idukki district....

     SH:- Connects Alengad
    Alengad
    Alangad is a census town and panchayat in Paravur Taluk of Ernakulam District, Kerala, India.-Location:Alangadu is located just 7 km away from North Paravur and 8 km away from Aluva. The State Highway connecting North Paravur with Aluva passess through this village. It contains...

    , Perumbavur, Kothamangalam, Thattekkad

  • Marine Drive
    Marine Drive, Kochi
    Marine Drive is a picturesque promenade in Kochi, Kerala, India. It is built facing the backwaters, and is a popular hangout for the local populace. Ironic to its name, no vehicles are allowed on the walkway. Marine Drive is also an economically thriving part of the city of Kochi. With several...

    - Moothakunnam
    Moothakunnam
    Moothakunnam is a small village in the Paravur Taluk, Ernakulam district of Kerala, south India. Colloquially Moothakunnam centre is known as Ambalalapadam. Here people from all communities live peacefully.-Location:...

     SH:- Connects Vallarpadam
    Vallarpadam
    Vallarpadam is one among the group of islands, that form part of the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. It is situated in the Vembanad_Lake known here as Lake of Kochi and has a population of over 10,000...

    , Vypin
    Vypin
    Vypin or Vypeen is one among a group of islands, that form part of the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. The island is about 27 km long...

    , Njarackal
    Njarackal
    Njarackal is a village in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala.-Demographics:Njarackal is situated at the centre of Vypeen island...

    , Cherai
    Cherai
    Cherai is a region in the island of Vypin, a suburb of the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. It is at a distance of about 25km from the High Court Junction, Kochi. Cherai has the longest beach in Kochi - the Cherai beach. The beach is located towards the centre-north of the Vypin...

    , Munambam
    Munambam
    Munambam is a place near Kochi, India at the north end of Vypeen Island, surrounded by the Arabian Sea on the west, Periyar river on the east, and a mouth of the sea on the north . The main occupation of its inhabitants is fishing....


  • Thrippunithura
    Thrippunithura
    Thrippunithura or Tripunithura is a suburb of the city of Kochi in the state of Kerala, India and an integral part of the Kochi metropolitan area. In local administration it is a municipality...

     - Koothattukulam
    Koothattukulam
    Koothattukulam is situated in the Muvattupuzha Taluk, towards the South East corner of Ernakulam district in Kerala, South India. The town lies 50km south east of Kochi City, 17 km to the south of Muvattupuzha, and 35 kilometres east of Kottayam town and lies on the M.C. Road. It lies at the...

     - Sabarimalai:-Connects Mulamthuruthy, Piravom
    Piravom
    Piravom is a town situated in Muvattupuzha Taluk of Ernakulam district in Kerala state, south India. It is 33 km South East of Cochin city & 42 km north of Kottayam town. Piravom is famous for historic Hindu temples and Syrian Christian churches. The town lies 22 km from the Taluka...

    , Pala
    Pala
    -Places:*Pala, California, town in the United States*Pala Casino Resort and Spa, casino located in Pala, California*Pala, Chad, town in Chad*Pala , town on Atauro Island, East Timor*Pala , town in Kerala, India...

    , Kumily
    Kumily
    Kumily is a town in the Cardamom Hills near Thekkady and the Periyar Tiger Reserve, in the Idukki District of Kerala State in South India. It is a major tourist destination and a spices trading center....


  • Vytilla-Kottayam road:- Connects via Thripoonithura, Nadakkavu, Poothotta, Vaikkom, Kumarakom

  • Fort Kochi
    Fort Kochi
    Fort Kochi is a region in the city of Kochi in the state of Kerala, India. This is part of a handful of water-bound regions toward the south-west of the mainland Kochi, and collectively known as Old Kochi or West Kochi. Adjacent to this is Mattancherry...

     - Alappuzha
    Alappuzha
    Alappuzha , also known as Alleppey, is a town in Alappuzha District of Kerala state of southern India. As per 2001 census Alleppey is the sixth largest city in Kerala with an urban population of 177,029. Alleppey is situated to the south of Kochi and north of Trivandrum...

     road

Rail

Ernakulam district has a total of 17 railway stations and the Ernakulam Junction
Ernakulam Junction
Ernakulam Junction is the largest railway station in the city of Kochi. The station has six platforms and two terminals...

 and Ernakulam Town
Ernakulam Town
Ernakulam Town is one of the three main railway stations in the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. The station is operated by the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways and comes under the Thiruvananthapuram Railway division...

 are the major railway stations. The other stations are Aluva
Aluva Railway Station
Aluva is one of the important railway station in Greater Cochin situated in Ernakulam district and also the second busiest station in the Indian state of Kerala in terms of number of trains after Thrissur Railway Station...

, Angamaly
Angamaly Railway Station
Angamaly for Kalady is a railway station in Greater Cochin in India operated by Southern Railway Network. It lies in the Shoranur-Cochin Harbour section of Trivandrum division. Angamaly is the halting point of many trains passing through this station except some superfast trains...

, Thripunithura, Edapally, Mulamthuruthy, Cochin Harbour Terminus
Cochin Harbour Terminus
Cochin Harbour Terminus is one of the railway stations in the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. It is located on the Willingdon Island. The Cochin Harbour Terminus is the principal station providing rail connectivity to the southern segment of the Port of Kochi located on the...

, Karakutty, Chowara, Kalamassery
Kalamassery
Kalamassery is a suburban region of the city of Kochi and a Municipality in the District of Ernakulam of Kerala state, India. It is a concentrated region of industrialization with several factories manufacturing chemicals and fertilizers, as well as IT companies...

, Nettor, Kumbalam
Kumbalam
Kumbalam is a region in the urban agglomeration of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. A water bound country-side, bound by the Vembanad Lake, as well as the fast encroaching city of Kochi, Its just 5 Minutes ferry ride to Kochi city.Kumbalam is progressively being transformed into an urban...

, Mattanchery H.
Mattancherry
Mattancherry is the western part of city of Kochi, India. It is said that the name Mattancherry is drawn from "Ancherry Mattam", a Namboodiri illam which then the foreign traders pronounced it as Matt-Ancherry, gradually became Mattancherry. It is about 9 km from Ernakulam town. There are...

, Chottanikkara road and Piravom road. The railroutes are via thrissur,Kottayam, Cochin H.T. and Allapuzha. Routes are also proposed via N.Paravur-Guruvayur,Moovattupuzha-Theni. The Angamaly-Erumely Sabarimala route(Proposed) is also passing through the district.

Air

District has got two airports, Naval airport in W.island(Old Cochin airport) and Cochin International Airport
Cochin International Airport
Cochin International Airport is an international airport located in Nedumbassery, a suburb on the outskirts of the city of Kochi about northeast of downtown Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. It is the busiest and largest airport in the state of Kerala...

(CIAL). CIAL is the fourth largest in the country after Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...

, Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...

 and Chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...

 having International passengers. Currently flights are operating to Gulf region,Malayasia, Singapore,Srilanka and to major cities in India.

Water

District lies in the flat delta region of Periyar and Moovattupuzha river. Water transport is prominent in the district through rivers and lagoons. The major boat services are in Ernakulam area and other areas having small ferry services. The district boasts of having the major port in the westcoast of country: the Cochin port which is also the reason for the large scale developments in the district. Now a new International port is nearing completion in Vallarpadam which will boost the developments in the district further.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census
2011 census of India
The 15th Indian National census was conducted in two phases, houselisting and population enumeration. Houselisting phase began on April 1, 2010 and involved collection of information about all buildings...

 Ernakulam district has a population
Demographics of India
The demographics of India are inclusive of the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.21 billion people , more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's population, India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing...

 of 3,279,860, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritania
Mauritania
Mauritania is a country in the Maghreb and West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest...

 or the US state of Iowa
Iowa
Iowa is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New...

. This gives it a ranking of 104th in India (out of a total of 640
Districts of India
A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Districts are further subdivided, in some cases into Sub-Divisions, and otherwise directly into tehsils or talukas.District officials include:...

). The district has a population density of 1069 PD/sqkm . Its population growth rate
Family planning in India
Family planning in India is based on efforts largely sponsored by the Indian government. In the 1965-2009 period, contraceptive usage has more than tripled and the fertility rate has more than halved , but the national fertility rate is still high enough to cause long-term population growth...

 over the decade 2001-2011 was 5.6 %. Ernakulam has a sex ratio
Sex ratio
Sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. The primary sex ratio is the ratio at the time of conception, secondary sex ratio is the ratio at time of birth, and tertiary sex ratio is the ratio of mature organisms....

 of 1028 females
Women in India
The status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia. From equal status with men in ancient times through the low points of the medieval period, to the promotion of equal rights by many reformers, the history of women in India has been eventful...

 for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate
Literacy in India
Literacy in India is key for socio-economic progress, and the Indian literacy rate grew to 74.04% in 2011 from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947. Although this was a greater than sixfold improvement, the level is well below the world average literacy rate of 84%, and India currently has the...

 of 95.68 %.

This district is listed as the "most advanced" district in Kerala. It had a resident population of 3,105,798 as of 2001, excluding the huge commuter traffic from neighbouring districts. It is urbanised 47.55%. Hindus accounts for the largest community followed by Christian and Muslims. A small population of Jains, Jews and Sikhs are also residing in Kochi. Also, Ernakulam district has the highest number of Christian Population in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 (More than 12 Lakhs)

The most important religious communities of the district are Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...

s, Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...

s and Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

s. In addition to the major communities the Buddhists, the Jains
Jainism
Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state...

, the Sikhs, and the Jews
Cochin Jews
Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews , are the oldest group of Jews in India, with roots claimed to date to the time of King Solomon, though historically attested migration dates from the fall of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Historically, they lived in the Kingdom of Cochin in South India, now part of the...

 also form part of the cosmopolitan population. The ancestors of the Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...

 migrated from Jerusalem in 72 A.D. Now there are very few Jewish families in Cochin.

Festivals and traditions

The famous Sivarathri at the Aluva Manappuram (situated on the banks of river Periyar) in Aluva attracts people from different parts of the country. There are lots of old Siva Temples in Ernakulam. In Sanskrit "Siva" means kalyan (good wishes, doing good and taking care of all).

Adi Shankaracharya was born in Kalady and considered as a major pilgrimage centre for Hindus around the world.

Kallil Kshethram (Jain temple) near Perumabavoor is also very famous.

The world famous Christian pilgrim center at Malayattoor is in this district. The festival here lasts for 10 days in April. St. George Church at Kadamattam is very old and was founded by Mar Abo Metropolitan in 5th Century A.D. He brought a cross from Persia, which is still preserved in the church. The festival at the church of Vallarpadam on September 24 attracts people belonging to all religions. The icon of Virgin Mary in this church is credited with many miracles. St. George Forane Church at Edappally, which was founded in 593 A.D., is considered to be the oldest church in Kerala after the 7 churches founded by St. Thomas. St. Antony’s church at Kannamaly is famous for the Feast of St. Joseph on March 19 where a large number of people are fed.

One of the ancient mosques in Kerala is at Kanjiramattam. Chandanakkudam Festival in Kanjiramattom Mousque is very famous.

Thrippakudam Temple- Ana Kallaya Kulam -PARVATHIMANGALAM is the famous pooja in this temple.

Arayankavu Thookkam- Otta Thookkam and Garudan Thookkam is very famous.

Cherai
Cherai
Cherai is a region in the island of Vypin, a suburb of the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. It is at a distance of about 25km from the High Court Junction, Kochi. Cherai has the longest beach in Kochi - the Cherai beach. The beach is located towards the centre-north of the Vypin...

 Pooram is famous festival in island. Celebrating this full moon day having two purpose. Fields are ready for cropping, Start cropping with prayers and some auspicious puja. Next reason is People are ready to go in to sea. So on this day women of India generally having fasting of full day and pray for her brothers, father, husband and Nation 's victory.

Two important Pilgrim places in Ernakulam are St. Thomas Church North Paravur and Mor Thoma Church (Cheriapally) Kothamangalam.
The relics of Gregorios Abdul Jaleel preserved at the St. Thomas church North Paravur
North Paravur
North Paravur formerly known as Parur is a town, municipality in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is an old and growing municipality. Paravur is the capital of Paravur Taluk in Ernakulam district...

. Thousands of pilgrims from different parts of Kerala culminating on the 27th of April for attending the Dhukrono of the Saint.
Feast of Eldho Mor Baselios
Eldho Mor Baselios
Eldho Mor Baselios or Maphryono Mor Baselios Yeldho or Eldho Bava , was born in a village called Kooded near Mosul in Iraq where Morthsmooni and her 7 children suffered martyrdom...

 is celebrated in the Mor Thoma Church (Cheriapally) at Kothamangalam with spiritual grandeur every year on October 2 and 3. Thousands of pilgrims from various parts of Kerala were attending the Feast.

Places of Interest

  • Bolgatty Island: has a palace
    Palace
    A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word itself is derived from the Latin name Palātium, for Palatine Hill, one of the seven hills in Rome. In many parts of Europe, the...

     built by the Dutch
    Netherlands
    The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

     in 1744, and a golf course
    Golf course
    A golf course comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a teeing ground, fairway, rough and other hazards, and a green with a flagstick and cup, all designed for the game of golf. A standard round of golf consists of playing 18 holes, thus most golf courses have this number of holes...

    .
  • Marine Drive, Kochi
    Marine Drive, Kochi
    Marine Drive is a picturesque promenade in Kochi, Kerala, India. It is built facing the backwaters, and is a popular hangout for the local populace. Ironic to its name, no vehicles are allowed on the walkway. Marine Drive is also an economically thriving part of the city of Kochi. With several...

    : Enjoy a scenic view of the sea and the Cochin Port Trust. Shopping can be done at the GCDA shopping center. Two spectacular bridges have also been built along the shore. Boat rides are available.
  • Willington Island: Formed from the sand deposited when Cochin Port was deepened, Willington Island has a naval base, a railway terminus, a port, and customs offices.
  • Chinese Fishing Nets (Cheena Vala): can be seen at Fort Cochin.
  • Parikshith Museum, a museum with memories of 19th century.
  • Dutch Palace: Made in 1568 by the Portuguese
    Portugal
    Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...

    . Later re-structured by the Dutch.
  • Hill Palace Museum: at Tripunithura. Paintings, epigraphy, furnitures of the royal family etc. are displayed.
  • Kodanad
    Kodanad
    Kodanad is a rural riverside village and a popular picnic spot and tourist destination in the Ernakulam district of the state of Kerala in southern India. Elephant rescue and care centre for central and southern forest region of Kerala is located in Kodanad...

    : Elephant
    Elephant
    Elephants are large land mammals in two extant genera of the family Elephantidae: Elephas and Loxodonta, with the third genus Mammuthus extinct...

     training centre is located here.
  • Kerala Historical Museum: Located at Edappally
    Edappally
    Edappally is one of Kochi's well known neighbourhoods. Its name in English literally translates as 'The City with a Church in the Centre' . The famous church in the centre is St. George's Church which is quite old and is a pilgrimage centre. It is said to be one of the fastest growing areas in...

    , on the Aluva
    Aluva
    Aluva , is a suburb of the city of Kochi, situated north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. Aluva is also a major industrial center of the state....

    –Ernakulam road.
  • Chendamangalam, a village that is the location of the Paliam palace, Vypeenakotta Seminary, and is also remarkable for having a Hindu Temple, Synagogue, Church, and Mosque, all within one kilometer of each other.
  • Bhoothathankettu
    Bhoothathankettu
    Bhoothathankettu is a dam and tourist spot in Kerala, India. It is situated in the village of Pindimana, about 10 km away from the town of Kothamangalam and 50 km away from the main city of Ernakulam....

    , a scenic dam site with boating facilities is situated in a vast virgin forest.
  • Malayattoor Church: The only international shrine in Asia believed to have been visited by St. Thomas.

Notable Personalities

The below are the prominent personalities from the district:
  • Adi Sankaracharya (Saint Advaita)
  • Swami Chinmayananda (Indian spiritual leader and geetacharya )
  • Varghese Payapilly Palakkappilly
    Varghese Payapilly Palakkappilly
    Varghese Payapilly Palakkappilly was a Syrian Catholic priest from the Indian state of Kerala and the founder of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Destitute.-Family:...

     (Servant of God
    Servant of God
    Servant of God is a title given to individuals by various religions, but in general the phrase is used to describe a person believed to be pious in his or her faith tradition. In the Catholic Church, it designates someone who is being investigated by the Church for possibly being recognized as a...

     and Founder of S.D.
    Sisters of the Destitute
    Sisters of the Destitute is a Syro-Malabar Catholic women's order.-History:The Congregation of the Sisters of the Destitute was founded by Servant of God Varghese Payapilly Palakkappilly in Chunangamvely, Kerala on 19 March 1927....

    )
  • Shadkala Govinda Marar
    Shadkala Govinda Marar
    , or was a Carnatic Musician from Kerala, India. He was a contemporary of Saint Tyāgarāja and Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma. He was also adept in playing musical instruments like Chenda, Edakka and Thimila...

     (Carnatic Musician)
  • K J Yesudas (singer)
  • Changampuzha (Poet)
  • G. Sankara Kurup
    G. Sankara Kurup
    G. Sankara Kurup, , better known as Mahakavi G , was the first winner of the Jnanpith Award, India's highest literary award...

     (Poet)
  • P K Vasudevan Nair (Ex-Chief Minister)
  • Daniel Acharuparambil
    Daniel Acharuparambil
    Daniel Acharuparambil was a Roman Catholic Indian archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly. Ordained to the priesthood on 14 March 1966, he was named archbishop and was ordained on 3 November 1996.- Profile :...

     (Late Arch.Bishop of Varpolly Diosse)
  • Balachandran Chullikad (Poet and Actor)
  • Mammooty (actor)
  • Jayaram
    Jayaram
    Jayaram is an Indian film actor who mainly acts in Malayalam and Tamil films. He is also a chenda percussionist and mimic artist. In 2011, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India for his contribution towards the arts.-Early life:...

     (actor)
  • Dileep
    Dileep (actor)
    Dileep is an Indian film actor, mimicry artist and producer best known for his work in Malayalam cinema.Dileep started his career as a mimicry artist in the Cochin Kalabhavan troupe. He later started his film career as an assistant director to Kamal with the film Vishnu Lokam...

    (actor)
  • Lalu Alex
    Lalu Alex
    - Early life :Lalu Alex was born in a Jacobite Christian family in Piravom near Muvattupuzha, Kerala.-Career:He started his career as a supporting actor in early 1980s. He has started his career in supporting as well as in villanoeus roles in I. V...

     (actor)
  • Roshan Varghese (Business Re-Engineering)
  • Sreesanth (cricketer)
  • K. V. Thomas
    K. V. Thomas
    Kuruppasserry Varkey Thomas , formally known as K. V. Thomas, is an Indian politician hailing from Kumbalangi in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India. He is currently the Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public...

     (politician)
  • Asin Thottumkal
    Asin Thottumkal
    Asin Thottumkal , known mononymously as Asin, is an Indian film actress, model and stage performer who acts primarily in Bollywood and Kollywood....

     (actress)
  • Jayasurya
    Jayasurya
    Jayasurya is an Indian film actor and comedian. He made his debut in 2001 in the Malayalam film Dosth and has since acted in about 50 films, notable ones being Swapnakkoodu , Pulival Kalyanam , Chathikkatha Chanthu , Classmates , Gulumaal , Happy Husbands and...

     (actor)
  • Cochin Haneefa
    Cochin Haneefa
    Mohammed Haneefa, better known by his stage name Cochin Haneefa was an Indian film actor, director, and screenwriter. He started his career in the 1970s mainly portraying villainous roles, before going on to become one of the most popular comedians of Malayalam cinema...

      (actor)
  • Sreejesh Ravindran
    Sreejesh Ravindran
    Sreejesh Parattu Ravindran is an Indian hockey player. He was the goalkeeper of Indian team at the 2010 Hockey World Cup. He played an excellent role in the first Asian Champions Trophy held at Ordos, China, in which India defeated Pakistan 4-2 in the final. He made two crucial saves in the...

     (Indian Hockey Player)
  • Sankaradi
    Sankaradi
    Sankaradi was an Indian actor. He was a veteran Malayalam comedian and character artiste, who had over 700 Malayalam films to his credit....

     (actor)
  • Card.Arch Bishop Varky VithayathilErnakulam+Angamally Arch Diosse
  • Salim Kumar (actor) - National Award winner for Best actor 2011.

Flora and fauna

The flora of this district is tropical. The heavy rainfall combined with moderate temperature and fertile soil support abundant vegetation. Many of the common plants are found in the coastal area, which forms the low land region. Coconut is extensively cultivated here. The midland region is mainly occupied by coconut palms. Paddy, tapioca, pepper and pulses are also cultivated here. The lower slopes of the highland region are under teak, and rubber cultivation. The eastern part of the district has dense forests with its characteristic fauna.

Education

Ernakulam occupies an important place among the districts of Kerala in the field of literacy
Literacy
Literacy has traditionally been described as the ability to read for knowledge, write coherently and think critically about printed material.Literacy represents the lifelong, intellectual process of gaining meaning from print...

 and educational standards. Ernakulam District is the first district in the whole country to have 100 percent literacy by 1990. Pothanicad, first panchayath in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 that achieved 100% literacy according to state literacy programme is in this district. There are two prominent universities in this district -
Sanskrit University, Kalady and Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kalamassery. Ernakulam district has the most number of educational institutions in the state. Kendriya Vidyalaya is located here.

External links

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