Classical albedo features on Mars - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The classical albedo feature
Albedo feature
An albedo feature is a large area on the surface of a planet which shows a contrast in brightness or darkness with adjacent areas....

s of Mars are the light and dark features that can be seen on the planet Mars

Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The planet is named after the Roman god of war, Mars. It is often described as the "Red Planet", as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance...

through an Earth-based telescope. Before the age of space probe

Space probe

A robotic spacecraft is a spacecraft with no humans on board, that is usually under telerobotic control. A robotic spacecraft designed to make scientific research measurements is often called a space probe. Many space missions are more suited to telerobotic rather than crewed operation, due to...

s, several astronomers created maps of Mars on which they gave names to the features they could see. The most popular system of nomenclature was devised by Giovanni Schiaparelli

Giovanni Schiaparelli

Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli was an Italian astronomer and science historian. He studied at the University of Turin and Berlin Observatory. In 1859-1860 he worked in Pulkovo Observatory and then worked for over forty years at Brera Observatory...

, who used names from classical antiquity

Classical antiquity

Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world...

. Today, the improved understanding of Mars enabled by space probes has rendered many of the classical names obsolete for the purposes of cartography

Cartography

Cartography is the study and practice of making maps. Combining science, aesthetics, and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively.The fundamental problems of traditional cartography are to:*Set the map's...

; however, some of the old names are still used to describe geographical features on the planet.

History

Early telescopic astronomers, observing Mars from a great distance through primitive instruments (though they were advanced for their day), were limited to studying albedo

Albedo

Albedo , or reflection coefficient, is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface. It is defined as the ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it...

contrasts on the surface of the planet. These albedo contrasts rarely correspond to topographic features and in many cases obscure them. The origins of the albedo contrasts were a mystery. The lighter patches at the poles were correctly believed to be a frozen substance, either water or carbon dioxide, but the nature of the dark patches seen against the general reddish tint of Mars was uncertain for centuries. When Giovanni Schiaparelli

Giovanni Schiaparelli

began observing Mars in 1877, he believed that the darker features were seas, lakes, and swamps and named them in Latin accordingly (mare, lacus, palus, etc.). Within a few decades, however, most astronomers agreed that Mars lacks large bodies of surface water. The dark features were then thought by some to be indications of Martian vegetation, since they changed shape and intensity over the course of the Martian year. They are now known to be areas where the wind has swept away the surface dust, leaving a darker, rockier surface; their borders change in response to windstorms on the Martian surface that pick up the dust, widening or narrowing the features.

The first astronomer to give names to Martian albedo features was Richard A. Proctor, who created a map in 1867, based in part on the observations of William Rutter Dawes

William Rutter Dawes

William Rutter Dawes was an English astronomer.Dawes was born in West Sussex, the son of William Dawes, also an astronomer, who travelled to the colony of New South Wales on the First Fleet in 1788....

, in which several features were given the names of astronomers who had been involved in mapping Mars; in some cases, the same names were used for multiple features. He was followed by Giovanni Schiaparelli

Giovanni Schiaparelli

, whose observations differed from Proctor's, and who used this difference to justify drawing up an entirely new scheme of nomenclature in Latin, drawn from the myths and history of classical antiquity with a mixture of other sources. Proctor's names competed with the Schiaparellian names for several decades, and were used in notable early maps drawn by Camille Flammarion

Camille Flammarion

Nicolas Camille Flammarion was a French astronomer and author. He was a prolific author of more than fifty titles, including popular science works about astronomy, several notable early science fiction novels, and several works about Spiritism and related topics. He also published the magazine...

in 1876 and Nathaniel Green in 1877. The Proctorian names are now, however, regarded as totally obsolete. In 1958, the International Astronomical Union

International Astronomical Union

The International Astronomical Union IAU is a collection of professional astronomers, at the Ph.D. level and beyond, active in professional research and education in astronomy...

created a list of officially recognized Martian albedo features, including many, but not all of Schiaparelli's names.

The advent of space probes has revolutionized the scientific understanding of Mars, and some of the classical albedo features have become obsolete as they do not correspond clearly with the detailed images provided by spacecraft. However, many of the names used for topographic features on Mars are still based on the classical nomenclature of the feature's location; for instance, the albedo feature 'Ascraeus Lacus' provides the basis of the name of the volcano Ascraeus Mons

Ascraeus Mons

Ascraeus Mons is a large shield volcano located in the Tharsis region of the planet Mars. It is the northernmost and tallest of three shield volcanoes collectively known as the Tharsis Montes. The volcano's location corresponds to the classical albedo feature Ascraeus Lacus.Ascraeus Mons was...

.

In addition, since most Earth-based amateur telescopes are not powerful enough to resolve the topographic surface features of Mars, amateur astronomers still use many of the old feature-names to orient and record their observations.

Common feature names

Several Latin words involved here are common nouns. These are generally, but not always, second in the name, but are usually ignored in alphabetizing below:

Campi (ˈkæmpaɪ) - fields
Cherso (ˈkɛrsoʊ) - peninsula
Cornu (ˈkɒrnjuː) - horn, peninsula
Depressio (dɨˈprɛʃioʊ) - lowland
Fastigium (fæsˈtɪdʒiəm) - summit
Fons (ˈfɒnz) – fountain
Fretum (ˈfriːtəm) – strait
Insula (ˈɪnsjʊlə) – island
Lacus (ˈleɪkəs) - lake
Lucus (ˈljuːkəs) - grove
Mare (ˈmɑriː, ˈmɛəriː) – sea
Nix (ˈnɪks) – snow
Palus (ˈpeɪləs) - marsh
Pons (ˈpɒnz) – bridge
Promontorium (ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm) – cape
Regio (ˈriːdʒioʊ) - region
Silva (ˈsɪlvə) - wood
Sinus (ˈsaɪnəs) – bay

List of albedo features

Not listed here are the "canals" also observed and named by Schiaparelli, for which see the article Martian canals

Martian canals

For a time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was erroneously believed that there were canals on Mars. These were a network of long straight lines that appeared in drawings of the planet Mars in the equatorial regions from 60° N. to 60° S. Lat., first observed by the Italian astronomer...

A

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning	Modern name(s)
Abalos	ˈæbəlɒs	A no-longer existent island in the North Sea, east of Heligoland	Abalos Colles, Abalos Mensa, Abalos Scopuli, Abalos Undae
Achæorum Portus \|ˌækiːˈɔərəm ˈpɔrtəs	"Harbor of the Achaean Achaeans (tribe) The Achaeans were one of the four major tribes into which the people of Classical Greece divided themselves. According to the foundation myth formalized by Hesiod, their name comes from Achaeus, the mythical founder of the Achaean tribe, who was supposedly one of the sons of Xuthus, and brother of... s"	Obsolete
Acherusia Palus	ˌækɨˈruːʒiə ˈpeɪləs	"Marsh of Acherusia Acherusia In Greek mythology, Acherusia , was a name given by the ancients to several lakes or swamps, which, like the various rivers called Acheron, were at some time believed to be connected with the lower world, until at last the Acherusia came to be considered to be in the lower world itself.The lake to... ", named after the legendary swamps in Greek mythology	Obsolete
Achillis Pons	əˈkɪlɨs ˈpɒnz	"Bridge of Achilles Achilles In Greek mythology, Achilles was a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad.Plato named Achilles the handsomest of the heroes assembled against Troy.... "	Obsolete
Mare Acidalium	ˈmɛəriː ˌæsɨˈdeɪliəm	"Sea of Acidalia", named for the fountain Acidalia where the Graces Grâces Grâces is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Bretagne in northwestern France.-Population:Inhabitants of Grâces are called gracieux.-External links:*... bathed	Acidalia Colles Acidalia Colles Acidalia Colles is a group of hills in the Mare Acidalium quadrangle of Mars, located at 50.9° north latitude and 23.1° west longitude. It is about long and was named after a classical albedo feature name.- Gullies :... , Acidalia Mensa, Acidalia Planitia Acidalia Planitia Acidalia Planitia is a plain on Mars. It is located between the Tharsis volcanic province and Arabia Terra to the north of Valles Marineris, centered at...
Æolis \|ˈiːəlɨs	a modification of Aeolia, the name of the floating western island of Aiolos, the ruler of the winds	Aeolis Mensae Aeolis Mensae Aeolis Mensae is tableland feature in the Aeolis quadrangle of Mars. Its location is centered at 2.9° south latitude and 219.6° west longitude. It is long and was named after a classical albedo feature name.- Inverted Relief :... , Aeolis Planum
Aëria	eɪˈɪəriə	From a poetic name for Egypt Egypt Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...	Aeria, IAU recognized albedo feature
Ætheria	ɨˈθɪəriə	– the land of the living, as referred to in Virgil Virgil Publius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English , was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues , the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid... 's Aeneid Aeneid The Aeneid is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans. It is composed of roughly 10,000 lines in dactylic hexameter...	Aetheria, IAU recognized albedo feature
Æthiopis	ɨˈθaɪəpɨs	Land of the Ethiopians	Aethiopis, IAU recognized albedo feature
Aganippe Fons	ˌæɡəˈnɪpiː ˈfɒnz	"Aganippe Aganippe Aganippe was a name or epithet of three figures in Greek mythology.*Aganippe "the Mare who destroys mercifully" was an aspect of Demeter. In this form she was a black winged horse worshiped by certain cults... 's Fountain", legendary home of a Greek naiad Naiad In Greek mythology, the Naiads or Naiades were a type of nymph who presided over fountains, wells, springs, streams, and brooks....	Aganippe Fossa Aganippe Fossa Aganippe Fossa is a surface feature on Mars which runs from 4.1° to 13° south latitude and 124.9° to 126.9° west longitude. It is named after a classical albedo feature. Its name was approved by the IAU in 1976....
Alcyonia	ˌælsiːˈoʊniə	Land of kingfisher Kingfisher Kingfishers are a group of small to medium sized brightly coloured birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species being found in the Old World and Australia... s.	Obsolete
Amazonis	əˈmæzənɨs	"Land of the Amazon Amazons The Amazons are a nation of all-female warriors in Greek mythology and Classical antiquity. Herodotus placed them in a region bordering Scythia in Sarmatia... ", legendary warrior women	Amazonis Mensa, Amazonis Planitia Amazonis Planitia Amazonis Planitia is one of the smoothest plains on Mars. It is located between the Tharsis and Elysium volcanic provinces to the west of Olympus Mons in the Valles Marineris region of the Memnonia quadrangle, centered at... , Amazonis Sulci
Amenthes	əˈmɛnθiːz	Alternate name for Duat Duat In Egyptian mythology, Duat is the underworld. The Duat is a vast area under the Earth, connected with Nun, the waters of the primordial abyss. The Duat is the realm of the god Osiris and the residence of other gods and supernatural beings... , the Egyptian land of the dead	Amenthes Cavi, Amenthes Fossae, Amenthes Planum, Amenthes Rupes
Ammonium	əˈmoʊniəm	Ancient name for the Siwa Oasis Siwa Oasis The Siwa Oasis is an oasis in Egypt, located between the Qattara Depression and the Egyptian Sand Sea in the Libyan Desert, nearly 50 km east of the Libyan border, and 560 km from Cairo....	Obsolete
Mare Amphitrites	ˈmɛəriː ˌæmfɨˈtraɪtiːz	"Sea of Amphitrite Amphitrite In ancient Greek mythology, Amphitrite was a sea-goddess and wife of Poseidon. Under the influence of the Olympian pantheon, she became merely the consort of Poseidon, and was further diminished by poets to a symbolic representation of the sea... ", a Greek sea-goddess	Amphitrites Patera
Lucus Angitiæ	ˈljuːkəs ænˈdʒɪʃɪiː	"Grove of Angitia Angitia Angitia was a goddess among the Marsi, the Paeligni and other Oscan-Umbrian populations of central Italy. She was associated in antiquity as snake-charmers who claimed her as their ancestor. Roman interpretations probably obscure her Marsian significance.Her myths vary... ", named after the snake goddess	Obsolete
Depressiones Aoniæ	dɨˌprɛʃiːˈoʊniːz eɪˈoʊniːi	"Lowlands of the Muses", who came from Helicon Helicon Mount Helicon is a mountain in the region of Thespiai in Boeotia, Greece, celebrated in Greek mythology. With an elevation of , it is located just off the Gulf of Corinth.-Greek mythology:... in Aonia Aonia Aonia may have been a district of ancient Boeotia, a region of Greece containing the mountains Helicon and Cithaeron, and thus sacred to the Muses, whom Ovid calls the Aonides. Or Aonia may have been an early name for Boeotia as a whole. Pausanias describes the defeat of the Aones, a Boeotian...	Obsolete
Aonius Sinus	eɪˈoʊniəs ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of the Muse Muse The Muses in Greek mythology, poetry, and literature, are the goddesses who inspire the creation of literature and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge, related orally for centuries in the ancient culture, that was contained in poetic lyrics and myths... s"	Aonia Planum, Aonia Terra
Aponi Fons	ˈæpənaɪ ˈfɒnz	Roman name for the Bagni d'Abano, warm-water baths near Padua Padua Padua is a city and comune in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 212,500 . The city is sometimes included, with Venice and Treviso, in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area, having...	Obsolete
Aquæ Apollinares	ˈeɪkwiː əˌpɒlɨˈnɛəriːz	"Apollo's Waters"; Roman name for the Bagni di Stigliano baths in Canale Monterano Canale Monterano Canale Monterano is a comune in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Latium, located about 40 km northwest of Rome.Canale Monterano borders the following municipalities: Blera, Manziana, Oriolo Romano, Tolfa, Vejano.... , Tuscany Tuscany Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....	Obsolete
Aquæ Calidæ \|ˈeɪkwiː ˈkælɨdiː	"Hot spring"	Obsolete
Aquarii Depressio	əˈkwɛəri.aɪ dɨˈprɛʃi.oʊ	"Lowland of Aquarius Aquarius (constellation) Aquarius is a constellation of the zodiac, situated between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-bearer" or "cup-bearer", and its symbol is , a representation of water.... "	Obsolete
Arabia	əˈreɪbiə	Arabian peninsula Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula is a land mass situated north-east of Africa. Also known as Arabia or the Arabian subcontinent, it is the world's largest peninsula and covers 3,237,500 km2...	Arabia Terra Arabia Terra Arabia Terra is a large upland region in the north of Mars in that lies mostly in the Arabia quadrangle. It is densely cratered and heavily eroded. This battered topography indicates great age, and Arabia Terra is presumed to be one of the oldest terrains on the planet...
Arachoti Fons	ˌærəˈkoʊtaɪ ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of Arachotus", a river in Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...	Obsolete
Aram	ˈɛərəm	Aram Aram (Biblical region) Aram is the name of a region mentioned in the Bible located in central Syria, including where the city of Aleppo now stands.-Etymology:The etymology is uncertain. One standard explanation is an original meaning of "highlands"... , Biblical land of the Aramaeans	Aram Chaos Aram Chaos Aram Chaos, centered at 2.6°N, 21.5°W, comprises a heavily eroded impact crater on the planet Mars. It lies at the eastern end of the large canyon Valles Marineris and close to Ares Vallis. Various geological processes have reduced it to a circular area of chaotic terrain...
Arcadia	ɑrˈkeɪdiə	From Arcadia Arcadia Arcadia is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is situated in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological character Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan... , a region of the central Peloponnesus	Arcadia Dorsa, Arcadia Chaos
Arduenna \|ˌɑrdjuːˈɛnə	Latin names for the Ardennes Ardennes The Ardennes is a region of extensive forests, rolling hills and ridges formed within the Givetian Ardennes mountain range, primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, but stretching into France , and geologically into the Eifel... forests	Obsolete
Arethusa Fons	ˌærɨˈθjuːzə ˈfɒnz	"Arethusa Arethusa (mythology) For other uses, see ArethusaArethusa means "the waterer". In Greek mythology, she was a nymph and daughter of Nereus , and later became a fountain on the island of Ortygia in Syracuse, Sicily.... 's Fountain", after the Greek nymph	Obsolete
Ariadnes Depressio	ˌæriˈædniːz dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of Ariadne Ariadne Ariadne , in Greek mythology, was the daughter of King Minos of Crete, and his queen Pasiphaë, daughter of Helios, the Sun-titan. She aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and was the bride of the god Dionysus.-Minos and Theseus:... ", a Greek heroine	Ariadnes Colles
Argyre I \|ˈɑrdʒɨriː ˈpraɪmə	"First Silver Land", a mythical island in Greek mythology	Argyre Cavi, Argyre Planitia Argyre Planitia Argyre Planitia is a plain located in the Argyre impact basin in the southern highlands of Mars. Its name comes from a map produced by Giovanni Schiaparelli in 1877; it refers to Argyre, a mythical island of silver in Greek mythology.... , Argyre Rupes
Argyre II \|ˈɑrdʒɨriː sɨˈkʌndə	"Second Silver Land" (see above)	Obsolete
Argyroporos	ˌɑrdʒɨˈrɒpərɒs	"Silver Strait"	Obsolete
Aromatum Promontorium	əˈrɒmətəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Fragrant Spices"	Aromatum Chaos
Arsia Silva \|ˈɑrʃiə ˈsɪlvə	Arsia Silva, forest northwest of Rome Rome Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half... where the Tarquinii were defeated	Arsia Chasmata Arsia Chasmata Arsia Chasmata is a steep-sided depression in the Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle on Mars, located at 7.6° S and 119.3° W. It is 81 km long and was named after an albedo name.... , Arsia Mons Arsia Mons Arsia Mons is the southernmost of three volcanos on the Tharsis bulge near the equator of the planet Mars. To its north is Pavonis Mons, and north of that is Ascraeus Mons. The tallest mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons, is to its northwest... , Arsia Sulci
Arsinoës Depressio	ɑrˈsɪnoʊiːz dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	Lowland of Arsinoë Arsinoe Arsinoe , sometimes spelled Arsinoë, pronounced Arsinoi in modern Greek, may refer to:-Literature:* Arsinoe, a character in Le Misanthrope, a play by French playwright Molière... , the name of various Greek and Egyptian figures	Arsinoes Chaos
Artynia Fons	ɑrˈtɪniə fɒnz	"Artynia Artynia Artynia or Aphnitis was a the name of a swamp or lake of Asia Minor mentioned by ancient geographers.Its exact identity is uncertain. The identification of Artynia with Aphnitis is due to Stephanus of Byzantium. Pliny places Artynia near Miletupolis, having the Rhyndacus river flow through it,... 's Fountain", referring to Lake Artynia in Asia Minor Asia Minor Asia Minor is a geographical location at the westernmost protrusion of Asia, also called Anatolia, and corresponds to the western two thirds of the Asian part of Turkey...	Artynia Catena Artynia Catena Artynia Catena is a feature in the Arcadia quadrangle of Mars, located at 47.97° North and 119.67° West. It is 263 km long and was named after a classical albedo feature at...
Aryn Promontorium \|ˈɛərɨn ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Aryn"	Obsolete
Fastigium Aryn	fæsˈtɪdʒiəm ˈɛərɨn	"Summit of Aryn"	Obsolete
Ascræus Lacus	æsˈkriːəs ˈleɪkəs	"Ascraeus Lake", a poetic paraphase of "helicon Helicon Mount Helicon is a mountain in the region of Thespiai in Boeotia, Greece, celebrated in Greek mythology. With an elevation of , it is located just off the Gulf of Corinth.-Greek mythology:... ian" or "rural"	Ascraeus Chasmata, Ascraeus Mons Ascraeus Mons Ascraeus Mons is a large shield volcano located in the Tharsis region of the planet Mars. It is the northernmost and tallest of three shield volcanoes collectively known as the Tharsis Montes. The volcano's location corresponds to the classical albedo feature Ascraeus Lacus.Ascraeus Mons was... , Ascraeus Sulci
Astræ Lacus	ˈæstriː ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Astra Astra -Religion and mythology:* Astra in Sanskrit* Astra Planeta:Children of Astraeus in Greek mythology, gods of the five wandering starsThe wandering stars, or naked-eye planets, themselves-Comics and manga:... ", Greek star-gods	Obsolete
Atalantes Depressio	ætˈlæntiːz dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	Lowland of Atalanta Atalanta Atalanta is a character in Greek mythology.-Legend:Atalanta was the daughter of Iasus , a Boeotian or an Arcadian princess . She is often described as a goddess. Apollodorus is the only one who gives an account of Atalanta’s birth and upbringing... , Greek heroine	Obsolete
Nix Atlantica	ˈnɪks ætˈlæntɨkə	"Snows of Atlas Atlas An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a map of Earth or a region of Earth, but there are atlases of the other planets in the Solar System. Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today many atlases are in multimedia formats... ", a Titan Titan (mythology) In Greek mythology, the Titans were a race of powerful deities, descendants of Gaia and Uranus, that ruled during the legendary Golden Age.... in Greek mythology	Obsolete
Atlantidum Sinus	ætˈlæntɨdəm ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of the Atlantises" (just south of Atlantis I and II, see below)	Obsolete
Atlantis I	ætˈlæntɨs ˈpraɪmə	"First Atlantis Atlantis Atlantis is a legendary island first mentioned in Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias, written about 360 BC.... ", mythical drowned land	Atlantis Chaos Atlantis Chaos Atlantis Chaos is a region of disrupted terrain in the Phaethontis quadrangle of Mars. It is located around 34.7° south latitude, and 177.6° west longitude. The region is across, and was named after an albedo feature at 30° N, 173° W....
Atlantis II	ætˈlæntɨs sɨˈkʌndə	"Second Atlantis Atlantis Atlantis is a legendary island first mentioned in Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias, written about 360 BC.... " (see above)	Atlantis Chaos Atlantis Chaos Atlantis Chaos is a region of disrupted terrain in the Phaethontis quadrangle of Mars. It is located around 34.7° south latitude, and 177.6° west longitude. The region is across, and was named after an albedo feature at 30° N, 173° W....
Augila	ˈɔːdʒɨlə	Awjila Awjila Awjila is a Berber-speaking oasis town in the Al Wahat District in the Cyrenaica region of northeastern Libya. It is the place after which the Awgila-Berber language, an Eastern Berber language, is named... , a city in Cyrenaica Cyrenaica Cyrenaica is the eastern coastal region of Libya.Also known as Pentapolis in antiquity, it was part of the Creta et Cyrenaica province during the Roman period, later divided in Libia Pentapolis and Libia Sicca...	Obsolete
Aurea Cherso \|ˈɔriə ˈkɛrsoʊ	"Golden Peninsula", ancient name for the Malay Peninsula Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula is a peninsula in Southeast Asia. The land mass runs approximately north-south and, at its terminus, is the southern-most point of the Asian mainland...	Obsolete
Aureum Cornu \|ˈɔriəm ˈkɔrnjuː	"Golden Horn", inlet dividing Constantinople Constantinople Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...	Aureum Chaos Aureum Chaos Aureum Chaos is a rough, collapsed region in the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle of Mars at4.4° south latitude and 27° west longitude. It is 368 km across and was named after a classical albedo feature name...
Auroræ Sinus	ɒˈrɔəriː ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of the Dawn"	Aurorae Planum, Aurorae Chaos
Ausonia	ɒˈzoʊniə	From a poetic name for Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...	Ausonia Cavus, Ausonia Mensa Ausonia Mensa Ausonia Mensa is a mensa in the Hellas quadrangle of Mars, located at 30.3° S and 262.3° W. It is 103 km across and was named after an albedo feature name. Ausonia Mensa has many small channels. Some features look like alluvial fans.... , Ausonia Montes Ausonia Montes Ausonia Montes is a mountain in the Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle of Mars, at 27.7° south latitude an 261.2° west longitude. It is across and was named after an albedo feature name....
Mare Australe	ˈmɛəriː ɒsˈtreɪliː	"Southern Sea"	Chasma Australe, Australe Lingula, Australe Mensa, Australe Montes, Planum Australe Planum Australe Planum Australe is the southern polar plain on Mars. It extends southward of roughly 75°S and is centered at . The geology of this region was to be explored by the failed NASA mission Mars Polar Lander, which lost contact on entry into the Martian atmosphere.-Ice cap:Planum Australe is partially... , Australe Scopuli, Australe Sulci

B-E

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Baltia	ˈbælʃiə	From a name for the regions near the Baltic Sea Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and...	Baltia, IAU IAU IAU may refer to:International Astronomical UnionInternational American UniversityInternational American University College of MedicineInternational Association of Universities*International Association of Ultrarunners... recognized albedo feature
Bandusiæ Fons	bænˈdjuːʒɪiː ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of Bandusia", title of a poem by Horace Horace Quintus Horatius Flaccus , known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus.-Life:...	Obsolete
Bathys Portus	ˈbeɪθɨs ˈpɔrtəs	"Deep Harbor", the port of Aulis Aulis Aulis may refer to:* Aulis, , an ancient Greek town in Boeotia, and traditionally the port from which the Greek army set sail for the Trojan War.* Aulis, a daughter of King Ogyges and Thebe*Aulis, a genus of ladybird beetle... in Boeotia Boeotia Boeotia, also spelled Beotia and Bœotia , is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Central Greece. It was also a region of ancient Greece. Its capital is Livadeia, the second largest city being Thebes.-Geography:...	Bathys Planum, changed to Icaria Planum
Benacus Lacus	bɨˈneɪkəs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake Benacus" (Lago di Garda in northern Italy)	Obsolete
Biblis Fons	ˈbɪblɨs ˈfɒnz	"Biblis Fountain", a Caria Caria Caria was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionian and Dorian Greeks colonized the west of it and joined the Carian population in forming Greek-dominated states there... n well near Miletus Miletus Miletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia , near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria...	Biblis Patera Biblis Patera Biblis Tholus is an extinct Martian volcano located at , one of two volcanoes near the center of the Tharsis volcanism. Along with Ulysses Patera, it is almost midway between Olympus Mons and Tharsis Montes... , Biblis Tholus
Bosporium Promontorium	bɒsˈpɔəriəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of the Bosphorus"
Bosporus/Bosphorus Gemmatus	ˈbɒspərəs / ˈbɒsfərəs dʒɨˈmeɪtəs	"Bejewelled Bosphorus"	Bosporos Planum, Bosporus Regio, Bosporos Rupes
Brangæna	brænˈdʒiːnə		Obsolete
Castalia Fons	kæsˈteɪliə fɒnz
Cebrenia	sɨˈbriːniə
Cecropia	sɨˈkroʊpiə	"Land of Cecrops Cecrops This name may refer to two legendary kings of Athens:* Cecrops I* Cecrops IIIt more often refers to Cecrops I, who was the better known.... "
Ceraunius	sɨˈrɔːniəs
Chalce	ˈkælsiː
Charitum Promontorium	ˈkærɨtəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of the Graces Charites In Greek mythology, a Charis is one of several Charites , goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity and fertility. They ordinarily numbered three, from youngest to oldest: Aglaea , Euphrosyne , and Thalia . In Roman mythology they were known as the Gratiae, the "Graces"... "
Chironis Fretum	kaɪˈroʊnɨs ˈfriːtəm	"Strait of Chiron Chiron In Greek mythology, Chiron was held to be the superlative centaur among his brethren.-History:Like the satyrs, centaurs were notorious for being wild and lusty, overly indulgent drinkers and carousers, given to violence when intoxicated, and generally uncultured delinquents... "
Mare Chronium	ˈmɛəriː ˈkroʊniəm
Chryse	ˈkraɪsiː	Chryse was an island rich in gold in the Far East of Erythraeum
Chrysokeras	krɨˈsɒkɨrəs	The Golden Horn Golden Horn The Golden Horn is a historic inlet of the Bosphorus dividing the city of Istanbul and forming the natural harbor that has sheltered Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman and other ships for thousands of...
Cimmeria Insula	sɨˈmɪəriə ˈɪnsjʊlə	"Cimmerian Island"
Mare Cimmerium	ˈmɛəriː sɨˈmɪəriəm	"Cimmerian Sea", named after an ancient Thracian seafaring people
Circaeum Promontorium	sərˈsiːəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Circe Circe In Greek mythology, Circe is a minor goddess of magic , described in Homer's Odyssey as "The loveliest of all immortals", living on the island of Aeaea, famous for her part in the adventures of Odysseus.By most accounts, Circe was the daughter of Helios, the god of the sun, and Perse, an Oceanid... "
Clepsydra Fons	klɛpˈsaɪdrə ˈfɒnz	"Water-clock fountain", a well in the Athenian Athens Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state... acropolis.
Coracis Portus	ˈkɒrəsɨs ˈpɔrtəs	"Haven of Corax"
Cyane Fons	ˈsaɪəniː ˈfɒnz	"Cyane fountain", a spring in Sicily Sicily Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,... from which the Cyane river sprang, named for a nymph.
Cydonia	saɪˈdoʊniə	poetic name for Crete
Cynia Lacus
Danaïdum Depressio	dəˈneɪədəm dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of the daughters of Danaüs Danaus In Greek mythology Danaus, or Danaos , was the twin brother of Aegyptus and son of Achiroe and Belus, a mythical king of Egypt. The myth of Danaus is a foundation legend of Argos, one of the foremost Mycenaean cities of the Peloponnesus... "
Daphne	ˈdæfniː	From Daphne Daphne Daphne was a female minor nature deity. Pursued by Apollo, she fled and was chased. Daphne begged the gods for help, who then transformed her into Laurel.-Overview:... ("bay laurel Bay Laurel The bay laurel , also known as sweet bay, bay tree, true laurel, Grecian laurel, laurel tree, or simply laurel, is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub with green, glossy leaves, native to the Mediterranean region. It is the source of the bay leaf used in cooking... "), a nymph pursued by Apollo Apollo Apollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in Greek and Roman mythology... .
Deucalionis Regio	ˌdjʊkeɪliːˈoʊnɨs ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Deucalion Deucalion In Greek mythology Deucalion was a son of Prometheus and Pronoia. The anger of Zeus was ignited by the hubris of the Pelasgians, and he decided to put an end to the Bronze Age. Lycaon, the king of Arcadia, had sacrificed a boy to Zeus, who was appalled by this savage offering... "
Dia	ˈdaɪə	An island north of Crete Crete Crete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece while retaining its own local cultural traits...
Diacria	daɪˈeɪkriə	A region of Euboea Euboea Euboea is the second largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. The narrow Euripus Strait separates it from Boeotia in mainland Greece. In general outline it is a long and narrow, seahorse-shaped island; it is about long, and varies in breadth from to...
Dioscuria	ˌdaɪəsˈkjʊəriə	"Land of the Dioscuri"
Eden	ˈiːdən	From Eden Garden of Eden The Garden of Eden is in the Bible's Book of Genesis as being the place where the first man, Adam, and his wife, Eve, lived after they were created by God. Literally, the Bible speaks about a garden in Eden... , the biblical paradise
Edom	ˈiːdəm	From Edom Edom Edom or Idumea was a historical region of the Southern Levant located south of Judea and the Dead Sea. It is mentioned in biblical records as a 1st millennium BC Iron Age kingdom of Edom, and in classical antiquity the cognate name Idumea was used to refer to a smaller area in the same region... , an ancient kingdom in modern Jordan Jordan Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...
Edom Promontorium	ˈidəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Edom Edom Edom or Idumea was a historical region of the Southern Levant located south of Judea and the Dead Sea. It is mentioned in biblical records as a 1st millennium BC Iron Age kingdom of Edom, and in classical antiquity the cognate name Idumea was used to refer to a smaller area in the same region... "
Electris	ɨˈlɛktrɨs	The principal island of the "Electrides", islands said to produce amber.
Elysium	ɨˈlɪʒiəm	From Elysium Elysium Elysium is a conception of the afterlife that evolved over time and was maintained by certain Greek religious and philosophical sects, and cults. Initially separate from Hades, admission was initially reserved for mortals related to the gods and other heroes... , the Greek land of dead heroes
Eridania	ˌɛrɨˈdeɪniə	Land of the River Eridanus Eridanos (mythology) The river Eridanos or Eridanus is a river mentioned in Greek mythology. Virgil considered it one of the rivers of Hades in his Aeneid VI, 659.-Ancient references:...
Mare Erythræum	ˈmɛəriː ˌɛrɨˈθriːəm	"Red Sea Red Sea The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez... "

F-L

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Famæ Depressio	ˈfeɪmiː dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of Fame"
Ferentinæ Lucus	ˌfɛrɨnˈtaɪniː ˈljuːkəs	"Grove of Ferentina Ferentina Ferentina was the patron goddess of the city Ferentinum, Latium. She was protector of the Latin commonwealth. She was also closely associated with the Roman Empire.... "
Lucus Feronia		"Grove of Wild Beasts"
Flevo Lacus	ˈfliːvoʊ ˈleɪkəs
Gallinaria Silva	ˌɡælɨˈnɛəriə ˈsɪlvə
Mare Hadriaticum	ˈmɛəriː ˌheɪdriːˈætɨkəm	"Adriatic Sea Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges... " Aka Hadriaticum Mare
Hammonis Cornu	həˈmoʊnɨs ˈkɔrnjuː	"Horn of Ammon Ammon Ammon , also referred to as the Ammonites and children of Ammon, was an ancient nation located east of the Jordan River, Gilead, and the Dead Sea, in present-day Jordan. The chief city of the country was Rabbah or Rabbath Ammon, site of the modern city of Amman, Jordan's capital... "
Hellas	ˈhɛləs	"Greece Greece Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe.... "
Heræum Promontorium	hɨˈriːəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Hera Hera Hera was the wife and one of three sisters of Zeus in the Olympian pantheon of Greek mythology and religion. Her chief function was as the goddess of women and marriage. Her counterpart in the religion of ancient Rome was Juno. The cow and the peacock were sacred to her... "
Hercynia Silva	hɜrˈsɪniə ˈsɪlvə	Hercynian Forest Hercynian Forest The Hercynian Forest was an ancient and dense forest that stretched eastward from the Rhine River across southern Germany and formed the northern boundary of that part of Europe known to writers of antiquity. The ancient sources are equivocal about how far east it extended...
Herculis Columnæ	ˈhɜrkjʊlɨs kɒˈlʌmni	"Pillars of Hercules Heracles Heracles ,born Alcaeus or Alcides , was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson of Perseus... "
Herculis Pons	ˈhɜrkjʊlɨs ˈpɒnz	"Bridge of Hercules Heracles Heracles ,born Alcaeus or Alcides , was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson of Perseus... "
Hesperia	hɛsˈpɪəriə	"Land of Dawn"
Hesperidum Lacus	hɛsˈpɛrɨdəm ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Hesperides Hesperides In Greek mythology, the Hesperides are nymphs who tend a blissful garden in a far western corner of the world, located near the Atlas mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus, the world-ocean....
Hibe	ˈhaɪbiː
Hippocrene Fons	ˌhɪpəˈkriːniː ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of Hippocrene", near Mount Helicon Helicon Mount Helicon is a mountain in the region of Thespiai in Boeotia, Greece, celebrated in Greek mythology. With an elevation of , it is located just off the Gulf of Corinth.-Greek mythology:...
Hipponitis Palus
Horarum Promontorium	hɒˈrɛərəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of the Hours"
Hypelaus	ˌhɪpɨˈliːəs	A fountain in Ephesus Ephesus Ephesus was an ancient Greek city, and later a major Roman city, on the west coast of Asia Minor, near present-day Selçuk, Izmir Province, Turkey. It was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League during the Classical Greek era... .
Iapygia	ˌaɪəˈpɪdʒiə	Salento Salento Salento is the south-eastern extremity of the Apulia region of Italy. It is a sub-peninsula of the main Italian Peninsula, sometimes described as the "heel" of the Italian "boot"... in Italy Aka Japygia
Icaria	aɪˈkɛəriə
Mare Icarium	ˈmɛəriː aɪˈkɛəriəm
Ierne	aɪ.ˈɜrniː	A name for Ireland Ireland Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
Isidis Regio	ˈɪsɨdɨs ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Isis Isis Isis or in original more likely Aset is a goddess in Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs, whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. She was worshipped as the ideal mother and wife as well as the matron of nature and magic... "
Ismenius Lacus	ɨzˈmiːniəs ˈleɪkəs	aka Lacus Ismenius
Jani Fretum	ˈdʒeɪnaɪ ˈfriːtəm	"Strait of Janus Janus -General:Janus , the two-faced Roman god of gates, doors, doorways, beginnings, and endingsJanus , a moon of Saturn*Janus Patera, a shallow volcanic crater on Io, a moon of Jupiter... "
Juventæ Fons	dʒʊˈvɛntiː ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of Youth Fountain of Youth The Fountain of Youth is a legendary spring that reputedly restores the youth of anyone who drinks of its waters. Tales of such a fountain have been recounted across the world for thousands of years, appearing in writings by Herodotus, the Alexander romance, and the stories of Prester John... " aka Fons Juventæ
Labeatis Lacus	leɪbiːˈeɪtɨs ˈleɪkəs	Lake of the Labeates, a people of Illyria Illyria In classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians....
Lausonius Lacus
Lemuria	lɨˈmjʊəriə	From Lemuria Lemuria (continent) Lemuria is the name of a hypothetical "lost land" variously located in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The concept's 19th century origins lie in attempts to account for discontinuities in biogeography; however, the concept of Lemuria has been rendered obsolete by modern theories of plate tectonics... , a fictional sunken land in the Pacific or Indian Ocean
Lerne	ˈlɜrniː
Libya	ˈlɪbiə	"Libya Libya Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.... "
Lucrinus Lacus		The Lucrine Lake in Roman Italy
Lunæ Lacus	ˈljuːniː ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Moon" aka Lacus Lunæ

M-N

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Mæisia Silva
Mapharitis
Mareotis	ˌmæriːˈoʊtɨs	"Land about Mareota", in Lower Egypt.
Margaritifer Sinus	ˌmarɡəˈrɪtɨfər ˈsaɪnəs	"Pearlbearing Bay"
Lucus Maricæ	ˈljuːkəs məˈraɪsiː	"Grove of Maríca", a nymph of Latium Latium Lazio is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country. With about 5.7 million residents and a GDP of more than 170 billion euros, Lazio is the third most populated and the second richest region of Italy... .
Memnonia	mɛmˈnoʊniə	"Land of Memnon Memnon Memnon may refer to:* Saint Memnon the Wonderworker — early Christian saint from Egypt, hermit and hegumen of one of Egyptian monasteries* Memnon and those erroneously named after him in the Graeco-Roman era:... "
Meroë Insula	ˈmɛroʊ.iː ˈɪnsjʊlə	"Island of Meroe Meroë Meroë Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: and Meruwi) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum. Near the site are a group of villages called Bagrawiyah... "
Messeis Fons
Lacus Mœris	ˈleɪkəs ˈmɪərɨs	Lake Moeris Lake Moeris Lake Moeris is an ancient lake in the northwest of the Faiyum Oasis, southwest of Cairo, Egypt. It persists in modern times as a smaller lake called Birket Qarun. The lake's surface is 140 ft below sea-level, and covers about .... , a lake in the Egyptian Fayum
Mons Argenteus	ˈmɒnz ɑrˈdʒɛntiəs	"Silver mountain"
Neith Regio	ˈniːθ ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Neith Neith In Egyptian mythology, Neith was an early goddess in the Egyptian pantheon. She was the patron deity of Sais, where her cult was centered in the Western Nile Delta of Egypt and attested as early as the First Dynasty... "
Nepheles Depressio	ˈnɛfɨliːz dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of cloud"
Nereïdum Promontorium	nɨˈriː.ɨdəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of the Nereids
Nerigos	ˈnɛrɨɡɒs	Name of a fictional country, supposedly in or near Scandinavia
Nessonis Lacus
Niliacus Lacus	nɨˈlaɪəkəs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Nile"
Nitriæ	ˈnaɪtrɪ.iː
Nix Atlantica	ˈnɪks ætˈlæntɨkə	"Atlantic Snow"
Nix Olympica	ˈnɪks ɒˈlɪmpɨkə	"Olympian Snow"
Noachis	ˈnoʊ.əkɨs	"Land of Noah Noah Noah was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the tenth and last of the antediluvian Patriarchs. The biblical story of Noah is contained in chapters 6–9 of the book of Genesis, where he saves his family and representatives of all animals from the flood by constructing an ark... "
Nodus Gordii	ˈnoʊdəs ˈɡɔrdiaɪ	"Gordian Knot Gordian Knot The Gordian Knot is a legend of Phrygian Gordium associated with Alexander the Great. It is often used as a metaphor for an intractable problem solved by a bold stroke :"Turn him to any cause of policy,... "
Noti Sinus	ˈnoʊtaɪ ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Notus"
Novissima Thyle	nɵˈvɪsɨmə ˈθaɪli	"Newest Thule Thule Thule Greek: Θούλη, Thoulē), also spelled Thula, Thila, or Thyïlea, is, in classical European literature and maps, a region in the far north. Though often considered to be an island in antiquity, modern interpretations of what was meant by Thule often identify it as Norway. Other interpretations... "
Nuba Lacus	ˈnjuːbə ˈleɪkəs

O-S

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Mare Oceanidum	ˈmɛəriː ˌoʊʃiːˈænɨdəm	"Sea of the Oceanid Oceanid In Greek mythology and, later, Roman mythology, the Oceanids were the three thousand daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys. Each was the patroness of a particular spring, river, sea, lake, pond, pasture, flower or cloud... s"
Octantis Depressio	ɒkˈtæntɨs dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of Octans Octans Octans is a faint constellation the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the eighth part of a circle, but it is named after the octant, a navigational instrument. The constellation was devised by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the eighteenth century.... "
Œnotria	ɨˈnoʊtriə
Ogygis Regio	ˈɒdʒɨdʒɨs ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Ogyges Ogyges Ogyges, Ogygus or Ogygos is a primeval mythological ruler in ancient Greece, generally of Boeotia, but an alternative tradition makes him the first king of Attica.-Etymology:... "
Ophir	ˈoʊfər	From Ophir Ophir Ophir is a port or region mentioned in the Bible, famous for its wealth. King Solomon is supposed to have received a cargo of gold, silver, sandalwood, precious stones, ivory, apes and peacocks from Ophir, every three years.- Citations :... , a biblical land of gold
Ortygia	ɔrˈtɪdʒiə
Oxia Palus	ˈɒkʃiə ˈpeɪləs
Palicorum Lacus	ˌpælɨˈkɔərəm ˈleɪkəs
Palinuri Fretum	ˌpælɨˈnjʊəraɪ ˈfriːtəm	"Strait of Palinurus Palinurus Palinurus, in Roman mythology, is the helmsman of a ship of the Trojan hero Aeneas, whose descendants would one day found the city of Rome. As the price for the safe passage of Aeneas and his people from Sicily to Italy, Palinurus loses his life, one on behalf of many Palinurus, in Roman mythology,... "
Palinuri Sinus	ˌpælɨˈnjʊraɪ ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Palinurus Palinurus Palinurus, in Roman mythology, is the helmsman of a ship of the Trojan hero Aeneas, whose descendants would one day found the city of Rome. As the price for the safe passage of Aeneas and his people from Sicily to Italy, Palinurus loses his life, one on behalf of many Palinurus, in Roman mythology,... "
Pallas Lacus	ˌpæləs ˈleɪkəs
Panchaia	pænˈkeɪə	From the name of an island supposed to be in South Arabia
Phaëthontis	ˌfeɪ.ɨˈθɒntɨs	"Land of Phaethon"
Phlegra	ˈfliːɡrə	From a district in Macedonia.
Campi Phlegræi	ˈkæmpaɪ flɨˈɡriːaɪ	"Fields of Phlegra"
Phœnicis Lacus	fɨˈnaɪsɨs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Phoenix Phoenix (mythology) The phoenix or phenix is a mythical sacred firebird that can be found in the mythologies of the Arabian, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, Chinese, Indian and Phoenicians.... " aka Lacus Phœnicis
Phrixi Regio	ˈfrɪksaɪ ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Phrixus Phrixus In Greek mythology, Phrixus or Frixos or Phryxus was the son of Athamas, king of Boiotia, and Nephele . His twin sister Helle and he were hated by their stepmother, Ino. Ino hatched a devious plot to get rid of the twins, roasting all of Boeotia's crop seeds so they would not grow. The local... "
Piscis Depressio	ˈpaɪsɨs dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Depression of the Fish"
Depressio Pontica	dɨˈprɛʃi.oʊ ˈpɒntɨkə	"Lowland of Pontus Pontus Pontus or Pontos is a historical Greek designation for a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea, located in modern-day northeastern Turkey. The name was applied to the coastal region in antiquity by the Greeks who colonized the area, and derived from the Greek name of the Black Sea: Πόντος... "
Promethei Sinus	prɵˈmiːθi.aɪ ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Prometheus Prometheus In Greek mythology, Prometheus is a Titan, the son of Iapetus and Themis, and brother to Atlas, Epimetheus and Menoetius. He was a champion of mankind, known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals... "
Propontis	prɵˈpɒntɨs	From an old name for the Sea of Marmara Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara , also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis , is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black...
Protei Regio	ˈproʊti.aɪ ˈriːdʒi.oʊ	"Region of Proteus Proteus In Greek mythology, Proteus is an early sea-god, one of several deities whom Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea", whose name suggests the "first" , as protogonos is the "primordial" or the "firstborn". He became the son of Poseidon in the Olympian theogony In Greek mythology, Proteus (Πρωτεύς)... "
Pyrrhæ Regio	ˈpɪri ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Pyrrha Pyrrha In Greek mythology, Pyrrha was the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora and wife of Deucalion.When Zeus decided to end the Bronze Age with the great deluge, Deucalion and his wife, Pyrrha, were the only survivors... "
Sinus Sabæus	ˈsaɪnəs səˈbiːəs	"Bay of Sheba Sheba Sheba was a kingdom mentioned in the Jewish scriptures and the Qur'an... " Aka Sabaeus Sinus
Scandia	ˈskændiə	From a name for Skåne or Scandinavia Scandinavia Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
Scheria Insula	ˈskɪəriə ˈɪnsjʊlə	"Scheria Scheria Scheria –also known as Scherie or Phaeacia– was a geographical region in Greek mythology, first mentioned in Homer's Odyssey as the home of the Phaiakians and the last destination of Odysseus before returning home to Ithaca.-Odysseus meets Nausikaa:In the Odyssey, after Odysseus sails... Island"
Semiramidis Lacus	ˌsɛmɨˈræmɨdɨs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of Semiramis Semiramis The real and historical Shammuramat , was the Assyrian queen of Shamshi-Adad V , King of Assyria and ruler of the Neo Assyrian Empire, and its regent for four years until her son Adad-nirari III came of age.... "
Serapium
Simoëntis Sinus	ˌsɪmoʊˈɛntɨs ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Simois"
Sirbonis Lacus
Mare Sirenum	ˈmɛəriː saɪˈriːnəm	"Sea of Sirens"
Socratis Promontorium	ˈsɒkrətɨs ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Socrates Socrates Socrates was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon, and the plays of his contemporary ... "
Solis Fons	ˈsoʊlɨs ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of the Sun"
Solis Lacus	ˈsoʊlɨs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Sun"
Syrtis Major	ˈsɜrtɨs ˈmeɪdʒər	a Libyan gulf, now Gulf of Sidra Gulf of Sidra Gulf of Sidra is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northern coast of Libya; it is also known as Gulf of Sirte or the Great Sirte or Greater Syrtis .- Geography :The Gulf of Sidra has been a major centre for tuna fishing in the Mediterranean for centuries...
Syrtis Minor	ˈsɜrtɨs ˈmaɪnər	aka Syrtis Parva

T-Z

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Tempe	ˈtɛmpiː
Tharsis	ˈθɑrsɨs	"Tarshish Tarshish Tarshish תַּרְשִׁישׁ occurs in the Hebrew Bible with several uncertain meanings:One of the sons of Javan . In the Bible Solomon set up a trade with Tarshish and received ivory, apes, and peacocks from Tarshish which are all native to the jungles in India. India's state bird for example is the... " (Tartessos Tartessos Tartessos or Tartessus was a harbor city and surrounding culture on the south coast of the Iberian peninsula , at the mouth of the Guadalquivir River. It appears in sources from Greece and the Near East starting in the middle of the first millennium BC, for example Herodotus, who describes it as... )
Thaumasia	θɔːˈmeɪʒə	"Land of Wonders"
Thyle I	ˈθaɪliː ˈpraɪmə	"First Thule Thule Thule Greek: Θούλη, Thoulē), also spelled Thula, Thila, or Thyïlea, is, in classical European literature and maps, a region in the far north. Though often considered to be an island in antiquity, modern interpretations of what was meant by Thule often identify it as Norway. Other interpretations... "
Thyle II	ˈθaɪliː sɨˈkʌndə	"Second Thule Thule Thule Greek: Θούλη, Thoulē), also spelled Thula, Thila, or Thyïlea, is, in classical European literature and maps, a region in the far north. Though often considered to be an island in antiquity, modern interpretations of what was meant by Thule often identify it as Norway. Other interpretations... "
Thyles Collis	ˈθaɪliːz ˈkɒlɨs	"Hill of Thule Thule Thule Greek: Θούλη, Thoulē), also spelled Thula, Thila, or Thyïlea, is, in classical European literature and maps, a region in the far north. Though often considered to be an island in antiquity, modern interpretations of what was meant by Thule often identify it as Norway. Other interpretations... "
Thyles Mons	ˈθaɪliːz ˈmɒnz	"Mountain of Thule Thule Thule Greek: Θούλη, Thoulē), also spelled Thula, Thila, or Thyïlea, is, in classical European literature and maps, a region in the far north. Though often considered to be an island in antiquity, modern interpretations of what was meant by Thule often identify it as Norway. Other interpretations... "
Thymiamata	ˌθɪmiˈæmətə	"Incenses"
Tiphys Fretum	ˈtaɪfɨs ˈfriːtəm
Titanum Sinus	taɪˈteɪnəm ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of the Titans Titan (mythology) In Greek mythology, the Titans were a race of powerful deities, descendants of Gaia and Uranus, that ruled during the legendary Golden Age.... "
Tithonius Lacus	tɨˈθoʊniəs ˈleɪkəs
Trinythios
Trivii Fons	ˈtrɪvi.aɪ ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of the Crossroads" (east of Trivium Charontis)
Trivium Charontis	ˈtrɪviəm kəˈrɒntɨs	"Crossroads of Charon Charon (mythology) In Greek mythology, Charon or Kharon is the ferryman of Hades who carries souls of the newly deceased across the rivers Styx and Acheron that divided the world of the living from the world of the dead. A coin to pay Charon for passage, usually an obolus or danake, was sometimes placed in or on... "
Mare Tyrrhenum	ˈmɛəriː tɨˈriːnəm	"Tyrrhenian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea The Tyrrhenian Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy.-Geography:The sea is bounded by Corsica and Sardinia , Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, Basilicata and Calabria and Sicily .... "
Uchronia	jʊˈkroʊniə	"Nowhen"
Ulyxis Fretum	jʊˈlɪksɨs ˈfriːtəm	"Strait of Ulysses Odysseus Odysseus or Ulysses was a legendary Greek king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer's epic poem the Odyssey. Odysseus also plays a key role in Homer's Iliad and other works in the Epic Cycle.... "
Utopia	jʊˈtoʊpiə	"Nowhere, Utopia Utopia Utopia is an ideal community or society possessing a perfect socio-politico-legal system. The word was imported from Greek by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia, describing a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean. The term has been used to describe both intentional communities that attempt... "
Vulcani Pelagus	vʌlˈkeɪnaɪ ˈpɛləɡəs	"Sea of Vulcan Vulcan (mythology) Vulcan , aka Mulciber, is the god of beneficial and hindering fire, including the fire of volcanoes in ancient Roman religion and Roman Neopaganism. Vulcan is usually depicted with a thunderbolt. He is known as Sethlans in Etruscan mythology... "
Xanthi Sinus	ˈzænθaɪ ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Xanthus"
Xisuthri Regio	zɨˈsuːθraɪ ˈriːdʒi.oʊ	"Region of Xisuthrus"
Yaonis Regio	ˈjeɪ.ənɨs ˈriːdʒi.oʊ	"Region of Emperor Yao"
Zephyria	zɨˈfɪriə	"Land of the West Wind (Zephyr)"

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