Cairo University - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Cairo University is a public university

University

A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...

located in Giza, Egypt

Egypt

Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

.

The university was founded on December 21, 1908, as the result of an effort to establish a national center for educational thought. Several constituent colleges preceded the establishment of the university including the College of Engineering in 1816, which was shut down by the Khedive

Khedive

The term Khedive is a title largely equivalent to the English word viceroy. It was first used, without official recognition, by Muhammad Ali Pasha , the Wāli of Egypt and Sudan, and vassal of the Ottoman Empire...

of Egypt and Sudan, Sa'id Pasha

Sa'id of Egypt

Muhammad Sa'id Pasha was the Wāli self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan from 1854 until 1863, officially owing fealty to the Ottoman Sultan but in practice exercising virtual independence. He was the fourth son of Muhammad Ali Pasha. Sa'id was a Francophone, educated in Paris.Under Sa'id's rule...

in 1854. Cairo University was founded as a European-inspired civil university, in contrast to the religious university of al-Azhar

Al-Azhar University

Al-Azhar University is an educational institute in Cairo, Egypt. Founded in 970~972 as a madrasa, it is the chief centre of Arabic literature and Islamic learning in the world. It is the oldest degree-granting university in Egypt. In 1961 non-religious subjects were added to its curriculum.It is...

, and became the prime indigenous model for other state universities in the region.

Cairo University includes a School of Law and a School of Medicine. The Medical School

Medical school

A medical school is a tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches medicine. Degree programs offered at medical schools often include Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, Bachelor/Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Philosophy, master's degree, or other post-secondary...

, also known as Kasr Alaini
Cairo University School of Medicine
Kasr El Ainy Medical School of Cairo University is one of the largest, oldest, and most prestigious medical schools in Africa and the Middle East. It is located in in central Cairo, Egypt...

, was one of the first medical schools in Africa and the Middle East. Its first building was donated by Alaini Pasha. It has since undergone extensive expansion. The first president of Cairo University, then known as the Egyptian University, was Professor Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed.

Origins

As a major offshoot of the Egyptian nationalist movement that began in the 19th century, a number of national leaders, enlightenment pioneers, and social thinkers called for the establishment of an Egyptian university teaching subjects beyond the sphere of religion (as was the case with Al-Azhar University

Al-Azhar University

at the time). At the beginning of the 20th century, social thinkers like Muhammad Abduh

Muhammad Abduh

Muhammad Abduh was an Egyptian jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer, regarded as the founder of Islamic Modernism...

, Mustafa Kamil, Mohammed Farid, Qasim Amin

Qasim Amin

Qasim Amin born on 1 December 1863 Alexandria died April 22, 1908 Cairo was an Egyptian jurist and one of the founders of the Egyptian national movement and Cairo University. Qasim Amin was considered by many as the Arab world’s “first feminist”...

, and Saad Zaghloul called for the establishment of an Egyptian university to be a beacon of liberal thought, and the basis of a comprehensive academic revival in all fields of knowledge in order to be able to cope with the international scientific and academic advancement.

At least five different parties claim to have planted the seed of the Egyptian University: Royalists; Prince Ahmad Fuad. Nationalists with Watanist affinities pressed Mustafa Kamil's claims, Umma Party and the Wafd; which have emphasized the contributions of Saad Zaghlul, Qasim Amin, and Muhammad Abduh. But early suggestions came from the Armenian bureaucrat Yaqub Artin and the Syrian journalist Jurji Zaydan

Jurji Zaydan

Jurji Zaydan was a prolific Lebanese novelist, journalist, editor and teacher most noted for his creation of the journal al-Hilal, which he used to serialize his 23 historical novels.His primary goal as a writer and intellectual during the Nahda was to imbue the common...

. In 1894 Yaqub Artin; suggested that the existing higher professional school could well provide the basis for a university. Jurji Zaydan had two models in his mind for the new university.

In 1900 al-Hilal; called for an "Egyptian College School" to provide home-grown modern higher education in Arabic, so that Egyptians would not have to go to Europe. The other model was the Syrian Protestant College which American missionaries had founded in Beirut.

In 1908, Mustafa Kamil and Qasim Amin died, and Khedive Abbas II

Abbas II of Egypt

HH Abbas II Hilmi Bey was the last Khedive of Egypt and Sudan .-Early life:...

took the project of the university under his wing, naming his son, Crown Prince Abd al-Munim, as honorary head. Then he considered four other princes: Husayn Kamil, Umar Tusun, Muhammed Ali, and Ahmed Fuad; or the actual leadership of the university. Only Fuad was both willing to serve and acceptable to the British, who were occupying Egypt and Sudan at the time. He was named for the post late in 1907. Abbas assigned the university LE5,000 annually from the Awqaf Department which, unlike the rest of the state budget, was still under his personal control.

On March 31, 1914; Husayn Kamil, minister of Justice and the University Rector was speaking at the university's ground ceremony for a new building, he said:
"On the eastern side of Cairo, al-Azhar has stood for nearly a 1000 years. It has been a lofty beacon sending light all directions and immortalizing the sciences of the Arabs and the civilization of Islam. Now here is the new university which will be built in the age on the western side of the city to spread Arabic sciences together with Western learning. These twin brothers will cooperate henceforth in enlightening both banks of the blessed Nile, from the right and from the left, in the things which will restore the people of the valley to complete well-being and full glory".

New Central Library

A new Central Library is planned.

Faculties and branches

Notable alumni

As Cairo University is one of the most influential universities in the Middle East. Its alumni include politicians, lawyers, sheikhs, bishops, scientists, poets, and academics. This is a list of the notable alumni and attendees of Cairo University. They are listed first by decade of their graduation (or last attendance) and then alphabetically.

1910s

Taha Hussein (1889–1973) was born in Izbit il-Kilo, Egypt. In 1914 he became the first person to graduate from Cairo University. Later he was the first Egyptian Dean of the Faculty of the Arts there and the first Egyptian to be nominated for a Nobel Prize in literature
Nobel Prize in Literature
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...

. He was also Minister of Education. He was blind from early childhood.

1920s

Hassan Fathy
Hassan Fathy
Hassan Fathy was a noted Egyptian architect who pioneered appropriate technology for building in Egypt, especially by working to re-establish the use of mud brick and traditional as opposed to western building designs and lay-outs...

, widely acclaimed architect of the 20th C. Fathy promoted appropriate technology and design for Egyptian construction and context, and was recognized with an Aga Khan Award for Architecture
Aga Khan Award for Architecture
The Aga Khan Award for Architecture is an architectural prize established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary design, social housing, community...

in 1980.

1930s

Philosopher and writer Abdurrahman Badawi was born in Sharabas a village in Dakahlia Governorate
Dakahlia Governorate
Dakahlia Governorate is an Egyptian governorate lying north east of Cairo. Its area is about 3,500 km² and it has a population of about 5 million. The capital is Mansoura.-Overview:...

(Now in Damietta Governorate), He graduated from the Faculty of Arts at Cairo University in 1938. He earned his PhD in 1944 at the age of 27, Taha Hussein said: "Today we see the birth of the first Egyptian Philosopher" he became a Professor of Philosophy at Cairo University then went to Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University is an institute of higher education located in Cairo, Egypt. Founded in 1950, the university provides education at the undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate levels.-History:...

in 1951. He also taught at Kuwait University
Kuwait University
Kuwait University was established in October 1966, five years after Kuwait's independence from British Colonization. KU started with only two faculties, namely the Faculty of Science, Arts and Education; and a Women's College. The university had 418 students enrolled and 31 faculty members. By ,...

. He wrote over 150 books and died on July 25, 2002.

Yehia Hakki is one of the pioneers of the Twentieth Century modern literary movement in Egypt. He has experimented with the various literary norms: the short story, the novel, literary criticism, essays, meditations, and literary translation.

Writer and philosopher Naguib Mahfouz
Naguib Mahfouz
Naguib Mahfouz was an Egyptian writer who won the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature. He is regarded as one of the first contemporary writers of Arabic literature, along with Tawfiq el-Hakim, to explore themes of existentialism. He published over 50 novels, over 350 short stories, dozens of movie...

was born in the Gamaliyya district of Cairo in 1911. He graduated from Cairo University in 1934. He has published more than fifty books of fiction, many of which have been translated and published in English. The film Cairo 1930 was based on his novel al-Qahira al-jadida. In 1988 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature
Nobel Prize in Literature
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...

.

Zaki Naguib Mahmoud
Zaki Naguib Mahmoud
Zaki Naguib Mahmoud was an Egyptian intellectual and thinker, and is considered a pioneer in modern Arabic philosophical thought. Best known with "The philosopher of authors and author of philosophers" as Abbas Mahmoud al-Akkad called him...

was a "Philosopher of Authors & Author of Philosophers". He was an associate of philosopher Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. At various points in his life he considered himself a liberal, a socialist, and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had never been any of these things...

and John Eyre. He graduated from the Faculty of Arts at Cairo University in 1930. He earned his PhD in England, then returned to Egypt and became a Professor of philosophy at his alma mater. He also taught at Kuwait University
Kuwait University
Kuwait University was established in October 1966, five years after Kuwait's independence from British Colonization. KU started with only two faculties, namely the Faculty of Science, Arts and Education; and a Women's College. The university had 418 students enrolled and 31 faculty members. By ,...

and wrote for Al-Ahram
Al-Ahram
Al-Ahram , founded in 1875, is the most widely circulating Egyptian daily newspaper, and the second oldest after al-Waqa'i`al-Masriya . It is majority owned by the Egyptian government....

newspaper. He wrote many books, including The Philosophy of Science (1952), The Reasonable and the Absurd in our Intellectual Heritage (1975), and Seeds and Roots (1990).

Sameera Moussa
Sameera Moussa
Sameera Moussa was an Egyptian nuclear scientist who held a doctorate in atomic radiation and worked to make the medical use of nuclear technology affordable to all...

was an Egyptian nuclear scientist. She graduated with a B.Sc. in radiology from Cairo University.

1940s

Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Boutros Boutros-Ghali is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996...

is an Egyptian diplomat and was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996. He graduated from Cairo University in 1946 and earned a PhD in international law from the University of Paris
University of Paris
The University of Paris was a university located in Paris, France and one of the earliest to be established in Europe. It was founded in the mid 12th century, and officially recognized as a university probably between 1160 and 1250...

as well as a diploma in international relations from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris
Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris
The Institut d'études politiques de Paris , simply referred to as Sciences Po , is a public research and higher education institution in Paris, France, specialised in the social sciences. It has the status of grand établissement, which allows its admissions process to be highly selective...

.

Nazeer Gayed is Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria
Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria
Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria is the 117th Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic See of Saint Mark the Evangelist of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria...

. Born in 1923, he earned a BA in English and history from Cairo University in 1947. Later he attended the Coptic Theological Seminary. After becoming a hermit
Hermit
A hermit is a person who lives, to some degree, in seclusion from society.In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Christian who lives the eremitic life out of a religious conviction, namely the Desert Theology of the Old Testament .In the...

for several years, he became Dean of the Coptic Orthodox Theological University. He was consecrated the 117th Pope of Alexandria in 1971.

Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
Mohamed Hassanein Heikal is a leading Egyptian journalist. For 17 years he was editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper Al-Ahram and has been a respected commentator on Arab affairs for more than 50 years.-Background and Books:...

is a prominent Egyptian journalist. He served as the editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper Al-Ahram (1957–1974). Mr. Heikal has been a respected commentator on Arab and Middle Eastern affairs for more than 50 years.

Saad Aziz Ibrahim was a Coptic Church Bishop who was killed along with Anwar Sadat
Anwar Sadat
Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981...

in 1981. He graduated from the Faculty of Law at Cairo University in 1940. He was "a major figure in the Coptic revival." (The Times
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register . The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary since 1981 of News International...

, October 12, 1981) He was the former chairman of the Middle East Council of Churches
Middle East Council of Churches
After many years of preliminary moves, the Middle East Council of Churches was inaugurated in May 1974 at its First General Assembly in Nicosia, Cyprus. Initially it contained three "families" of Christian Churches in the Middle East, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Oriental Orthodox Churches...

. He was elevated to Bishop by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria
Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria
Father Mina became Pope of Alexandria on 10 May 1959 . In accordance with the old Coptic church tradition, Pope Cyril VI was the only monk in the 20th century to be chosen for papacy without having being a bishop /Metropolitan first...

in 1962. In 1971 he won the most votes in the papal election to succeed Cyril VI, but lost when the final decision was made by drawing lots (ibid.). [www.st-peter-st-paul-coptic-orthodox-church.org]

Michel Wahba (1912–2000) was a clinical psychologist and academic. He grew up in Cairo and attended the College of Engineering at Cairo University. He graduated at the top of his class and was offered a full scholarship to study in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

, but he turned it down to care for his brothers and sister. After graduation, he worked for American University in Cairo
American University in Cairo
The American University in Cairo is an independent, non-profit, apolitical, secular institution of higher learning located in Cairo, Egypt...

. Later he won a scholarship to the University of Chicago
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890...

, where he earned his master's in 1951. In 1959 he won the Fulbright Scholarship and went with his wife and children to the University of North Carolina
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a public research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States...

, where he earned his PhD. He worked for UC Davis as a clinical psychologist at Sacramento County Mental Hospital.

Halim El-Dabh
Halim El-Dabh
Halim Abdul Messieh El-Dabh is an Egyptian-born American composer, performer, ethnomusicologist, and educator, who has had a career spanning six decades...

(b. 1921), Egypt's foremost living composer of classical music, and the composer (in 1960) of the original score to the Son et lumière
Son et lumière (show)
Son et lumière , or a sound and light show, is a form of nighttime entertainment that is usually presented in an outdoor venue of historic significance....

show at the site of the Great Pyramids of Giza. He earned a bachelor of science degree in agricultural engineering in 1945 and emigrated to the United States in 1950.
Osman Ahmed Osman
Osman Ahmed Osman
Osman Ahmed Osman ‎ was a famous and influential Egyptian engineer, contractor, entrepreneur, and politician. Known commonly as el-mo'alim , Osman founded the Arab Contractors and led the Egyptian effort to build the Aswan Dam...

, engineer who founded Arab Contractors, builders of the Aswan Dam
Aswan Dam
The Aswan Dam is an embankment dam situated across the Nile River in Aswan, Egypt. Since the 1950s, the name commonly refers to the High Dam, which is larger and newer than the Aswan Low Dam, which was first completed in 1902...

. Later an elected politician.
Magdi Wahba
Magdi Wahba
Magdi Wahba was an Egyptian university professor, Johnsonian scholar, and lexicographer.He was born in Alexandria in 1925 the son of a high court judge and later cabinet minister. His mother had been educated at Cheltenham Ladies' College and Oxford University...

(1925–1991), Egypt's foremost lexicographer and Professor of English Literature from 1957 to 1980 when he retired as emeritus professor. He obtained his LLB from the Faculty of Law in 1946.

1950s

Poet Muhammad al-Fayturi was born in Al-Janina, Sudan
Sudan
Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...

. He spent his childhood in Alexandria
Alexandria
Alexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...

, Egypt. He studied Islamic sciences, philosophy and history at Al-Azhar University
Al-Azhar University
Al-Azhar University is an educational institute in Cairo, Egypt. Founded in 970~972 as a madrasa, it is the chief centre of Arabic literature and Islamic learning in the world. It is the oldest degree-granting university in Egypt. In 1961 non-religious subjects were added to its curriculum.It is...

in Cairo until 1953. That year, he published his first book of poems, "Songs of Africa." He then attended Cairo University for two years. His other poetry collections include Sunrise and Moonset and Lover from Africa. His work deals with issues of race, class and colonialism and is influenced by Sufi philosophy.

Latifa al-Zayyat
Latifa al-Zayyat
Latifa al-Zayyat was born the 8 August 1923 in the city of Damietta in Egypt and is known as an activist and writer. She earned her Bachelors degree in English in 1946 from Cairo University and earned her PhD at the same university in 1957...

(1923–1996) was an Egyptian artist and intellectual. She was born in Dumyat and earned her Ph.D. in English literature from Cairo University in 1957. She was head of the English department there from 1976–1983. Her first novel, Al-Bab al-Maftooh (The Open Door) was published in 1960. Later in life she founded and led the Committee for the Defense of National Culture, which spearheaded efforts against the normalization of cultural relations with Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

.

Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat
Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini , popularly known as Yasser Arafat or by his kunya Abu Ammar , was a Palestinian leader and a Laureate of the Nobel Prize. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization , President of the Palestinian National Authority...

was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization is a political and paramilitary organization which was created in 1964. It is recognized as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations and over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations, and has enjoyed...

(PLO) (1969–2004), President of the Palestinian National Authority
Palestinian National Authority
The Palestinian Authority is the administrative organization established to govern parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip...

(PNA) (1993–2004); and a co-recipient of the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...

alongside Shimon Peres
Shimon Peres
GCMG is the ninth President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the eighth Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years...

and Yitzhak Rabin
Yitzhak Rabin
' was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....

, for the successful negotiations of the 1993 Oslo Accords. He graduated from the King Fuad Cairo University Faculty of Engineering in 1956. While there, he joined the Muslim Brotherhood
Muslim Brotherhood
The Society of the Muslim Brothers is the world's oldest and one of the largest Islamist parties, and is the largest political opposition organization in many Arab states. It was founded in 1928 in Egypt by the Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna and by the late 1940s had an...

and served as president of the Union of Palestinian Students from 1952 to 1956.

Albert Arie (aka Mohsen Allam) is an Egyptian Jew born in Cairo who converted to Islam. He earned his degree from the Faculty of Law of Cairo University in 1950. He was a Wafdist and devoted socialist. He is a historian of Jewish culture in Egypt.

Yusuf Idris
Yusuf Idris
Yusuf Idris, also Yusif Idris was an Egyptian writer of plays, short stories, and novels. Idris originally trained to be a doctor, studying at the University of Cairo...

the Physician and writer.

A. H. Kafrawy, BDS, MSD – Professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...

Emeritus
Emeritus
Emeritus is a post-positive adjective that is used to designate a retired professor, bishop, or other professional or as a title. The female equivalent emerita is also sometimes used.-History:...

, Indiana University
Indiana University
Indiana University is a multi-campus public university system in the state of Indiana, United States. Indiana University has a combined student body of more than 100,000 students, including approximately 42,000 students enrolled at the Indiana University Bloomington campus and approximately 37,000...

Kafrawy taught at Indiana University School of Dentistry
Indiana University School of Dentistry
The only dental school in Indiana, Indiana University School of Dentistry , is located on the IUPUI campus in downtown Indianapolis.- History :...

for over 30 years. He earned his BDS from Cairo University in 1958 and later attended medical school there before earning his MSD in Oral Diagnosis/Oral Medicine
Dentistry
Dentistry is the branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body. Dentistry is widely considered...

from Indiana University School of Dentistry in 1962. He is a Faculty Member of Omicron Kappa Upsilon. He received the Distinguished Faculty Award for Teaching from the Indiana Dental Association in 2000.

Amr Moussa
Amr Moussa
Amr Mohammed Moussa is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the Secretary-General of the Arab League, a 22-member forum representing Arab states, from 1 June 2001 until 1 June 2011. He is a candidate in the 2011 Egyptian presidential election....

is the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States, and a former Foreign Secretary of Egypt. He graduated from the Cairo University Faculty of Law in 1957.

Magdi Yacoub
Magdi Yacoub
Sir Magdi Habib Yacoub, FRS , is Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Imperial College London.Yacoub's major achievements may be summarised:1. Established Heart Transplantation in UK and became leading transplant surgeon in the world....

is a Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Imperial College London. He was involved in the first UK heart transplant in 1980, carried out the first UK live lobe lung transplant and went on to perform more transplants than any other surgeon in the world. Mr. Yacoub graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at Cairo University in 1957.

1960s

Mohamed Ghonim
Mohamed Ghonim
Mohamed Ahmed Ghoneim M.D.; is a well-known Egyptian Urologist. He is the Pioneer of Renal Transplantation in Egypt & Arab world. He is an international academic urologic oncologists and one of the world-renowned leaders in the field....

The International Urologist and founder of the Mansoura University
Mansoura University
Mansoura University was founded in 1972 in Mansoura city, Egypt. Now, it also has in Damietta. It is one of the biggest Egyptian universities and has contributed much to the cultural and scientific life in Mansoura and Egypt.-Hint about:...

Urology & Nephrology Center.

Ali Abdelghany
Ali Abdelghany
Ali Ezzeldin Abdelghany is an Egyptian academic and marine biologist.- Education :Abdelghany graduated with a bachelor of science degree from Cairo University in 1967...

is a prominent Egyptian academic and marine biologist. He graduated from the School of Agriculture in 1966. He later attended Auburn University
Auburn University
Auburn University is a public university located in Auburn, Alabama, United States. With more than 25,000 students and 1,200 faculty members, it is one of the largest universities in the state. Auburn was chartered on February 7, 1856, as the East Alabama Male College, a private liberal arts...

and the University of Idaho
University of Idaho
The University of Idaho is the State of Idaho's flagship and oldest public university, located in the rural city of Moscow in Latah County in the northern portion of the state...

as well as working with the FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and...

.

Ghazi Al-Qusaibi
Ghazi Al-Qusaibi
Ghazi Abdul Rahman Algosaibi was a Saudi Arabian liberal politician, technocrat, novelist, and Minister of Labor...

is a Saudi Arabian liberal politician, novelist, current Minister of Labor, and well-known intellectual. He received his law degree from Cairo University in 1961. He earned his MA in international relations
International relations
International relations is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations , international nongovernmental organizations , non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations...

from the University of Southern California
University of Southern California
The University of Southern California is a private, not-for-profit, nonsectarian, research university located in Los Angeles, California, United States. USC was founded in 1880, making it California's oldest private research university...

in 1964, and obtained his PhD in Law from the University of London
University of London
-20th century:Shortly after 6 Burlington Gardens was vacated, the University went through a period of rapid expansion. Bedford College, Royal Holloway and the London School of Economics all joined in 1900, Regent's Park College, which had affiliated in 1841 became an official divinity school of the...

1970.

Mohamed ElBaradei is the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency
The International Atomic Energy Agency is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957...

. He was born in Egypt in 1942 and earned a Bachelor's degree in Law from the University of Cairo in 1962 and a Doctorate in International Law at the New York University School of Law
New York University School of Law
The New York University School of Law is the law school of New York University. Established in 1835, the school offers the J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees in law, and is located in Greenwich Village, in the New York City borough of Manhattan....

in 1974. He won the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...

.

Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003...

was the President of Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....

from 1979 until the U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq 2003. He entered the Faculty of Law at Cairo University in 1962 and left to return to Iraq in 1964. He also attended Mustanseriya University in Baghdad. He was executed on December 30, 2006 for crimes against humanity.

Kamal A. Mansour is a retired professor of cardiothoracic surgery
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Cardiothoracic surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax —generally treatment of conditions of the heart and lungs .-Cardiac / Thoracic:...

at Emory University
Emory University
Emory University is a private research university in metropolitan Atlanta, located in the Druid Hills section of unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. The university was founded as Emory College in 1836 in Oxford, Georgia by a small group of Methodists and was named in honor of...

School of Medicine. He provided the funds for Emory's Kamal A. Mansour Professorship of Thoracic Surgery. He attended medical school in Cairo, earning his M.D. from Emory in 1968. He has pioneered lifesaving techniques in thoracic surgery. He has trained surgeons at Cairo University Faculty of Medicine, the National Institute for Cancer of Cairo University, Tanta University
Tanta University
Tanta University is an Egyptian university in the city of Tanta, Al Gharbiyah governorate, Egypt. The university is under the direct scientific supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education....

Faculty of Medicine and the El Galaa Military Hospital of Cairo.

Archeologist Mikhail Borisovich Piotrovski is the director of the State Hermitage Museum
Hermitage Museum
The State Hermitage is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia. One of the largest and oldest museums of the world, it was founded in 1764 by Catherine the Great and has been opened to the public since 1852. Its collections, of which only a small part is on permanent display,...

in St. Petersburg, Russia. He was born in Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...

in 1944. In 1967 he graduated from the Oriental Faculty of Leningrad State University, having majored in Arabic Studies. He attended Cairo University from 1965–66. He is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....

and a professor at St. Petersburg State University. He was awarded the Russian Order of Honor in 1997. Asteroid 4869 Piotrovsky
4869 Piotrovsky
4869 Piotrovsky is a main-belt asteroid discovered on October 26, 1989 by N. S. Chernykh at Nauchnyj.- External links :*...

is named after him and his father, Professor Boris Borisovich Piotrovski
Boris Piotrovsky
Boris Borisovich Piotrovsky was a Soviet Russian academician, historian-orientalist and archaeologist who studied the ancient civilizations of Urartu, Scythia, and Nubia. He is best known as a key figure in the study of the Urartian civilization of the southern Caucasus...

.

Omar Sharif
Omar Sharif
Omar Sharif is an Egyptian actor who has starred in Hollywood films including Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago and Funny Girl. He has been nominated for an Academy Award and has won two Golden Globe Awards.-Early life:...

is an Egyptian-born actor (of Lebanese and Syrian origin) who has starred in many Hollywood films. He studied mathematics and physics at Cairo University and graduated in 1963.

Ahmed Ezz
Ahmed Ezz
Ahmed Ezz is a Egyptian businessman and one-time politician, the owner of Ezz Steel and the former chairman of Egypt's national assembly's budget committee...

(born in 1959) graduated from Cairo University with a degree in Civil Engineering[1]. He is an Egyptian politician and business tycoon and the Chairman and Managing Director of Al Ezz Industries. Ezz was arrested for corruption following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.

1970s

Mahmoud al-Zahar
Mahmoud al-Zahar
Mahmoud al-Zahar is a co-founder of Hamas and a member of the Hamas leadership in the Gaza Strip. Since the formation of the Hamas/"Change and Reform" government in the Palestinian National Authority in March 2006, al-Zahar has served as foreign minister in the government of prime minister Ismail...

, co founded Hamas
Hamas
Hamas is the Palestinian Sunni Islamic or Islamist political party that governs the Gaza Strip. Hamas also has a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades...

alongside Sheikh Ahmed Yassin
Ahmed Yassin
Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Hassan Yassin was a founder of Hamas, an Islamist Palestinian paramilitary organization and political party. Yassin also served as the spiritual leader of the organization...

. He currently serves as foreign minister in the Palestinian National Authority
Palestinian National Authority
The Palestinian Authority is the administrative organization established to govern parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip...

government of Ismail Haniyeh in Gaza
Gaza
Gaza , also referred to as Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip, with a population of about 450,000, making it the largest city in the Palestinian territories.Inhabited since at least the 15th century BC,...

. He studied medicine at Cairo University.

Ayman al-Zawahiri
Ayman al-Zawahiri
Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri is an Egyptian physician, Islamic theologian and current leader of al-Qaeda. He was previously the second and last "emir" of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, having succeeded Abbud al-Zumar in the latter role when Egyptian authorities sentenced al-Zumar to life...

is a prominent member of the al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda is a global broad-based militant Islamist terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden sometime between August 1988 and late 1989. It operates as a network comprising both a multinational, stateless army and a radical Sunni Muslim movement calling for global Jihad...

group, a physician, author, poet, and formerly the head of the militant organization Egyptian Islamic Jihad. He obtained a degree in surgery at Cairo University in 1974 and an advanced medical degree in 1978.

Mohsen Badawi
Mohsen Badawi
Mohsen Badawi is an entrepreneur, political activist, and writer.-Biography:Mohsen Badawi went to the Jésuites school in Cairo and graduated from Cairo University he is the Chairman of Abdurrahman Badawi Center for Creativity since January 2008, the Chairman of Aracom Systems since 1984,...

Chairman of Aracom Systems, was born in Cairo
Cairo
Cairo , is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life...

on November 10, 1956. Entrepreneur
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative.The term was originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to...

, political activist and writer, graduated from Cairo University majoring in Accounting at the Faculty of Commerce, co-founder of the Egyptian Soviet Chamber of Commerce (1989), the main founder and first Chairman of the Canada Egypt Business Council "CEBC" (2001–2003). He is also the main founder and Chairman of Abdurrahman Badawi Center for Creativity (2008–), a member of the Egyptian Romanian Friendship Association (1988–1991), member of the Arab Scientific Transportation Association (1989–) and a member of The Egyptian International Economic Forum (2003–).

Gawdat Bahgat
Gawdat Bahgat
Gawdat Bahgat is a professor of political science at the National Defense University. Bahgat was born and raised in Cairo, Egypt and earned degrees at Cairo University and American University in Cairo...

is a professor of political science at the National Defense University
National Defense University
The National Defense University is an institution of higher education funded by the United States Department of Defense, intended to facilitate high-level training, education, and the development of national security strategy. It is chartered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, with Navy Vice Admiral...

, Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....

and has published numerous articles and books on Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.The Persian Gulf was the focus of the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers...

and Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...

region, terrorism, and geopolitics
Geopolitics
Geopolitics, from Greek Γη and Πολιτική in broad terms, is a theory that describes the relation between politics and territory whether on local or international scale....

.

Mamdouh El-Nady is a USA Department of Defense Culture and Foreign Language Advisor. He is an Arabic Linguist & Annotator for the Center for Computational Learning Systems, Columbia University, a Certified Language Tester for ACTFL, and a Reviewer for Annals Foreign Languages Journal. He served as a consultant for Educational Testing Service (ETS) and Supreme Education Council of Qatar, and served as a Director of Languages and Regional Studies at Middle East Institute. Dr. El-Nady taught in many American universities and institutes include: University of Pennsylvania, Columbia University, and the US Air Force Academy where he served as a Distinguished Professor and Chair of Arabic Studies. Dr. El-Nady graduated from Cairo University in 1975 with B.Com in Business Administration, and received a MBA degree in International Management from Thunderbird Graduate School of Global Management, and then a doctorate degree in International & Multicultural Education from University of San Francisco.

Mohamed A. Moustafa Hassan is graduated in 1977 from Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. He obtained his M.Sc. as well as Ph.D. from the same Dept. He was awarded DAAD scholarship (1984–1987) for junior Egyptian Scientists to do their research work in Germany. He worked in Calgary University as visiting Professor (1989–1992)basedon CIDA fund. He worked also in the Gulf at the following Institutions: UAEU, TSI, AUST (all in UAE), then at JGEC (KSA).

1980s

Mustafa al'Absi
Mustafa al'Absi
Mustafa al'Absi, Ph.D., Professor of Behavioral Medicine and Neuroscience; the holder of the Max & Mary La Due Pickworth Chair.Director, Duluth Medical Research Institute , University of Minnesota Medical School-References:...

is a professor of behavioral medicine and neuroscience at the University of Minnesota Medical School
University of Minnesota Medical School
The University of Minnesota Medical School is the medical school of the University of Minnesota. It is a combination of two campuses situated in Minneapolis and Duluth, Minnesota....

. He was born in Yemen. He received his undergraduate psychology degree from Cairo University in 1985. He also received doctoral training in biological and clinical psychology at the University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
The University of Oklahoma is a coeducational public research university located in Norman, Oklahoma. Founded in 1890, it existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two became the state of Oklahoma. the university had 29,931 students enrolled, most located at its...

. He currently directs multiple behavioral medicine research programs. He has received several honorary awards, including the Herbert Weiner Early Career Award and the Neal E. Miller Young Investigator Award. He has published more than 80 scientific articles, chapters, and edited books. He served as an editor or on editorial boards of multiple journals. He has also assumed leadership positions in several national and international organizations.

Taher Elgamal
Taher Elgamal
Dr. Taher Elgamal is an Egyptian cryptographer. Elgamal is sometimes written as El Gamal or ElGamal, but Elgamal is now preferred...

is a cryptographer and inventor of the Elgamal crypto algorithm. He received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...

from Cairo University in 1977, and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science
Computer science
Computer science or computing science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems...

from Stanford University
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...

in 1984. He served as chief scientist at Netscape Communications from 1995 to 1998.

Mohamed Osman Elkhosht
Mohamed Osman Elkhosht
Muhammad Othman Elkhosht is a professor of philosophy of religion and contemporary philosophy at Faculty of Arts, Cairo University, where he is also a cultural advisor...

is a professor of philosophy of religion and contemporary philosophy at Faculty of Arts, Cairo University. He is also a cultural advisor and a leading authority on modern Islam.
Ahmed E. Kamal is an engineering professor at Iowa State University
Iowa State University
Iowa State University of Science and Technology, more commonly known as Iowa State University , is a public land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States. Iowa State has produced astronauts, scientists, and Nobel and Pulitzer Prize winners, along with a host of...

. He was born in Giza, Egypt. He earned his B.Sc. in electrical engineering
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...

in 1978 and his M.Sc. in 1980, both from Cairo University. After graduation, he won the Connaught Fellowship to the University of Toronto
University of Toronto
The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution of higher learning in Upper Canada...

, where he earned two more electrical engineering degrees: his M.A.Sc. in 1982 and Ph.D. in 1986.

Tarek Kamel
Tarek Kamel
Tarek Mohamed Kamel is an Egyptian academic and politician. He was the Minister of Communication and Information Technology in the cabinet of Dr. Ahmed Nazif from July 2004 to February 2011....

is the Minister of Communication & Information Technology since 2005. Dr. Kamel obtained a Bachelor's degree in 1985 and a Master's degree in 1988 from the Communications & Electronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.

Ayman Sayed is a VP of Engineering in Cisco Systems. Ayman received his Bachelor's degree in 1985 from the Communications and Electronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.

Ibrahim A. Karawan is the Director of the Middle East Center and an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Utah
University of Utah
The University of Utah, also known as the U or the U of U, is a public, coeducational research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, making it Utah's oldest...

. Between 1995 and 1997 he was the Senior Fellow for Middle East Studies and Directing Staff Member at the International Institute for Strategic Studies
International Institute for Strategic Studies
The International Institute for Strategic Studies is a British research institute in the area of international affairs. It describes itself as "the world’s leading authority on political-military conflict"...

, IISS, in London. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the Centre for International Studies at Oxford University and a Fellow at the World Economic Forum
World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum is a Swiss non-profit foundation, based in Cologny, Geneva, best known for its annual meeting in Davos, a mountain resort in Graubünden, in the eastern Alps region of Switzerland....

in Davos, Switzerland. He is a former Senior Research Associate at the Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies
Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies
Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies was established in 1968 as an independent research unit functioning within the framework of Al-Ahram Foundation....

in Cairo. He began attending Cairo University at the age of 16, majoring in economics and political science. Upon graduation, he worked for the Egyptian Army
Egyptian Army
The Egyptian Army is the largest service branch within the Egyptian Armed Forces and holds power in the current Egyptian government. It is estimated to number around 379,000, in addition to 479,000 reservists for a total of 858,000 strong. The modern army was created in the 1820s, and during the...

's Aid Defense System.

Mahmoud Mohieldin
Mahmoud Mohieldin
Mahmoud Mohieldin, born on 15 January 1965 in Egypt, was appointed in September 2010 to be one of the Managing Directors of the World Bank Group....

the Minister of Investment in Egypt.

Jehan Sadat
Jehan Sadat
Jehan Sadat is the widow of Anwar Sadat, and was first lady of Egypt from 1970 until Sadat's assassination in 1981.- Early years :Jehan Sadat, also spelled Jihan, was born Jehan Safwat Raouf in Cairo, Egypt as the first girl and third child of an upper-middle-class family of an Egyptian...

was the second wife of Anwar Sadat
Anwar Sadat
Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981...

, and served as first lady of Egypt from 1970 until Sadat's assassination in 1981. She is a Senior Fellow at the University of Maryland
University of Maryland, College Park
The University of Maryland, College Park is a top-ranked public research university located in the city of College Park in Prince George's County, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C...

, College Park and won the Pearl S. Buck award in 2001. She earned her B.A. (1977), M.A. (1980) and PhD (1986) degrees from Cairo University.

Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd is an Egyptian academic and civil rights
Civil rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from unwarranted infringement by governments and private organizations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression.Civil rights include...

activist. He was born in 1943 and earned his PhD in Arabic and Islamic studies from Cairo University in 1981. He opposed the use of Islam for political ends in his 1992 book Naqd al-khitab al-dini (Critique of Religious Discourse). As a result, a Cairo court forced him to divorce his wife, Cairo University faculty member Ibtihal Yunis in 1995. After 1996, he and his wife fled Egypt and settled in the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

, where he works at the University of Leiden. Source: "Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 3 December 2004 http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9345158.

1990s

Hussein Bassir
Hussein Bassir
Hussein Bassir is an Egyptian archaeologist of Giza Pyramids and one of the directors of the excavation team in the Valley of the Golden Mummies at Bahariya Oasis. In 1994, he got his BA in Egyptology from Cairo University...

is an Egyptian archaeologist and novelist. In 1994, he got his BA
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...

in Egyptology
Egyptology
Egyptology is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the AD 4th century. A practitioner of the discipline is an “Egyptologist”...

from Cairo University. Then he traveled to the USA to get his PhD
PHD
PHD may refer to:*Ph.D., a doctorate of philosophy*Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*PHD finger, a protein sequence*PHD Mountain Software, an outdoor clothing and equipment company*PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...

in Egyptology
Egyptology
Egyptology is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the AD 4th century. A practitioner of the discipline is an “Egyptologist”...

and Near Eastern Studies from the Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University
The Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States...

in Baltimore, Maryland.

Ahmed T. Hadidi is a Professor of Pediatric Surgery and Plastic Surgery
Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic: plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand...

at Heidelberg Mannheim University, Germany, and Cairo University. He is the Secretary General of the Pan African Paediatric Surgical Association and the Mediterranean Association of Paediatric Surgeons. He won the "Pulvertaft Prize" of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand. He earned his M.B. and B. Ch. from Cairo University in 1981. He earned his M. Sc. in General Surgery there in 1985 and his M.D. in 1993.

Yassin Saif Shaibany is a "Public International Law & International Islamic Organizations" specialist. He earned various law-related degrees from Cairo University, culminating in a PhD in international law
International law
Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states; analogous entities, such as the Holy See; and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond...

in 1997. He is a Professor of International Law at Sana'a University
Sana'a University
Sana'a University was established in 1970 as the first and the primary university in the Yemen Arab Republic , now the Republic of Yemen . It is located in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen, and is currently organized with 17 faculties...

in Yemen
Yemen
The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....

. He is a former cultural attache of Yemen in Egypt and has written on human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...

in Yemeni and international law.

Essam Heggy is a prominent planetary scientist in the NASA
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...

Mars Exploration Program and staff scientist at the highly reputed Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
The Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris is a French governmental, non-profit research and higher education establishment located in Paris, dedicated to the study of earth and planetary sciences by combining observations, laboratory analysis and construction of conceptual analogical and...

Essam HEGGY, PhD. He graduated from the faculty of sciences at the Cairo University in 1997 and received the PhD degrees from Paris VI University in 2002. He received several international awards for his role in contributing to the development low frequency terrestrial and planetary radars for subsurface exploration. He is currently a scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute
Lunar and Planetary Institute
The Lunar and Planetary Institute is a scientific research institute dedicated to study of the solar system, its formation, evolution, and current state. The Institute is part of the Universities Space Research Association and is supported by the Science Mission Directorate of the National...

in Houston, TX, USA Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) were he is also serving in a number of NASA panels. Heggy who have earned a wide reputation among Egyptian youth after his resignation in 2005 from his staff position at the Cairo University to protest against the marginalization of science and youth in the Egyptian society. Rosa al Youssef the widely distributed magazine http://www.rosaonline.net/ in the Arab world in its annual report in 2006 selected him as one of the top 10 reformist in Egypt.

Unknown date of graduation

Ahmed Zaki Saad (1900–1981) was executive director of the International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...

. He represented Saudi Arabia to the IMF and the World Bank
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes.The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty...

from 1958–1977. He was chairman of the Board of Governors
Board of governors
Board of governors is a term sometimes applied to the board of directors of a public entity or non-profit organization.Many public institutions, such as public universities, are government-owned corporations. The British Broadcasting Corporation was managed by a board of governors, though this role...

of the World Bank in 1955. He was Governor of the National Bank of Egypt
National Bank of Egypt
- in arabic National Bank of Egypt is the oldest and largest bank in Egypt, and has 405 branches within the country, including 131 in Cairo. It has assets of L.E. 185.3 bn., total deposits of L.E. 155.2 bn., and total loans and advances of L.E. 83 bn...

in 1951–1952 and again from 1955–1957. He was also a counselor to King Saud of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...

. He earned a bachelor's degree from Cairo University and a doctorate in law from the University of Paris
University of Paris
The University of Paris was a university located in Paris, France and one of the earliest to be established in Europe. It was founded in the mid 12th century, and officially recognized as a university probably between 1160 and 1250...

.
Kamil Idris
Kamil Idris
Dr. Kamil Eltayed Idris, also spelled Kamil Eltayeb Idris, is a Sudanese international civil servant. He was Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization from November 1997 to September 2008...

is a former Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization
World Intellectual Property Organization
The World Intellectual Property Organization is one of the 17 specialized agencies of the United Nations. WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world"....

(WIPO). He earned a BA in Philosophy, Political Science and Economic Theories from Cairo University (Division I with Honours). He was also a Lecturer in Philosophy and Jurisprudence there (1976–1977).
Waheeb Zaki Salib was born February 6, 1916 in Tukh El Nasara, Egypt, and graduated with a law degree from Cairo University. He was a priest
Priest
A priest is a person authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities...

of the Coptic Church who was instrumental in establishing his religion in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

. He was ordained a priest in Giza, Egypt in 1948 and became known af Father Salib Sorial. He was a professor of law at the Theological Coptic College in Cairo.

External links

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