Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain
Encyclopedia
The Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians is an apostolic exarchate for Ukrainian Greek Catholics
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church , Ukrainska Hreko-Katolytska Tserkva), is the largest Eastern Rite Catholic sui juris particular church in full communion with the Holy See, and is directly subject to the Pope...

 in Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...

. The apostolic exarchate was erected on 10 June 1957 for the faithful of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

 and Wales
Wales
Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...

 and was extended to the whole of Great Britain on 12 May 1968. It is the only Eastern Rite Catholic diocese in Britain.

Unlike many other nations outside Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

 to which the Ukrainian diaspora
Ukrainian diaspora
The Ukrainian diaspora is the global community of ethnic Ukrainians, especially those who maintain some kind of connection, even if ephemeral, to the land of their ancestors and maintain their feeling of Ukrainian national identity within their own local community.-1608 To 1880:After the loss...

 have emigrated, such as Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 and Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church , Ukrainska Hreko-Katolytska Tserkva), is the largest Eastern Rite Catholic sui juris particular church in full communion with the Holy See, and is directly subject to the Pope...

 in Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...

 does not have eparchial
Eparchy
Eparchy is an anglicized Greek word , authentically Latinized as eparchia and loosely translating as 'rule over something,' like province, prefecture, or territory, to have the jurisdiction over, it has specific meanings both in politics, history and in the hierarchy of the Eastern Christian...

 status (equivalent to diocesan
Diocese
A diocese is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes.An archdiocese is more significant than a diocese. An archdiocese is presided over by an archbishop whose see may have or had importance due to size or historical significance...

 status in the Latin Church), but rather exarchial status. In addition, vis-a-vis other Latin Rite dioceses in Britain, due to the comparatively small number of faithful in the apostolic exarchate, there are fewer services, such as schools and care centres, that are provided.

History of the Apostolic Exarchate

Since the late nineteenth century, many Ukrainians have been migrating to England, most noticeably to London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

 and the Red Bank area of Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...

. These immigrants have been known as 'old immigrants', or stari emihiranty.

After the Second World War, more and more immigrants were flocking to the British Isles
British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe that include the islands of Great Britain and Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles. There are two sovereign states located on the islands: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and...

 from Eastern Europe, amongst them included numerous Ukrainian Catholics
UGCC
UGCC may refer to:* Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the largest Eastern Rite Catholic* United Gold Coast Convention, a post-Second Worl War political party...

, as most of the Ukrainian immigrants were from Western Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

. Initially, many of the Eastern European Catholics worshipped in industrial hostels, as these were common locations where immigrants found cheaper accommodation. Some also worshipped in local Latin Rite parish churches, but not in their Byzantine liturgy.

However, eventually, Ukrainian Catholics were able to organize worship in their own Byzantine liturgy, often in the local Latin Rite parish church. In Coventry
Coventry
Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although...

, by 1948, the Church of Christ the King in Coundon
Coundon
"Coundon is not a place I would lie about and say it was perfect or anything like that. P.S. Jack, I, Brett Davidson, am ending our relationship because you are a bum." - Brett DavidsonCoundon is an old mining village in County Durham, England...

 started having Ukrainian Catholic services. These were soon transferred to St Elizabeth Church in Foleshill.
In 1957, the Apostolic Exarchate was established for Ukrainian Catholics in England and Wales.

By 1959, over 700 Ukrainian Catholics had registered themselves in Coventry. In the Midlands
English Midlands
The Midlands, or the English Midlands, is the traditional name for the area comprising central England that broadly corresponds to the early medieval Kingdom of Mercia. It borders Southern England, Northern England, East Anglia and Wales. Its largest city is Birmingham, and it was an important...

, there was a Ukrainian Catholic priest celebrating Ukrainian-rite services for the Ukrainian faithful in Coventry
Coventry
Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although...

, as well as in Rugby
Rugby, Warwickshire
Rugby is a market town in Warwickshire, England, located on the River Avon. The town has a population of 61,988 making it the second largest town in the county...

, Gloucester
Gloucester
Gloucester is a city, district and county town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, and on the River Severn, approximately north-east of Bristol, and south-southwest of Birmingham....

, Bristol
Bristol
Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007...

, Birmingham
Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 , and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a...

 and Cheltenham
Cheltenham
Cheltenham , also known as Cheltenham Spa, is a large spa town and borough in Gloucestershire, on the edge of the Cotswolds in the South-West region of England. It is the home of the flagship race of British steeplechase horse racing, the Gold Cup, the main event of the Cheltenham Festival held...

.

With the help of Cardinal John Heenan, Bishop Hornyak was able to secure the former Kings Weigh House Congregational chapel to serve as the Apostolic Exarchate's cathedral church - the Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile
Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile
The Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile is the cathedral of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate in Great Britain. Though independent from the authority of the Latin Rite hierarchy in England and Wales, and instead under the jurisdiction of the Ukrainian Catholic apostolic exarch ,...

 in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

.

In the 1990s, after Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

 declared its independence, a period of economic difficulties followed, and many Ukrainians emigrated to Western Europe. This caused an increase in the number of Ukrainian Catholic faithful in Great Britain.

Recently, the Ukrainian Catholic church in Wolverhampton
Wolverhampton
Wolverhampton is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. For Eurostat purposes Walsall and Wolverhampton is a NUTS 3 region and is one of five boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "West Midlands" NUTS 2 region...

 was included as part of a video series by English Heritage
English Heritage
English Heritage . is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport...

 on faith buildings in England.

Division over views of a Kievan Patriarchate

There has, for a long time, been different views among Ukrainian Catholics
UGCC
UGCC may refer to:* Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the largest Eastern Rite Catholic* United Gold Coast Convention, a post-Second Worl War political party...

 on the idea of a Kievan Patriarchate, replacing the Major Archdiocese.

Augustine Hornyak
Augustine Hornyak
Augustine Eugene Hornyak, OSBM, JCB, STD was the first Apostolic Exarch of the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain. He was one of the few English and Ukrainian bishops to attend the Second Vatican Council.-Early life:...

, the first apostolic exarch, was known to have sided with those who did not believe that it would be appropriate for the Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Church
UGCC
UGCC may refer to:* Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the largest Eastern Rite Catholic* United Gold Coast Convention, a post-Second Worl War political party...

 - who was then Cardinal Josyf Slipyj - to be commemorated as Patriarch until the Pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...

 would agree to elevate the Major Archdiocese to a Patriarchate.

Since most of the faithful in the Apostolic Exarchate were patriotic and nationalist veterans of the Ukrainian Army, which was created in resistance to the German occupational forces, most supported the idea of a Patriarchate. They were therefore disappointed by the Bishop Hornyak
Augustine Hornyak
Augustine Eugene Hornyak, OSBM, JCB, STD was the first Apostolic Exarch of the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain. He was one of the few English and Ukrainian bishops to attend the Second Vatican Council.-Early life:...

's decision. Many showed their opposition through withholding their donations to the Church. A few Ukrainian Catholic priests came from Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...

 and began to celebrate Divine Liturgy
Divine Liturgy
Divine Liturgy is the common term for the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine tradition of Christian liturgy. As such, it is used in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches. Armenian Christians, both of the Armenian Apostolic Church and of the Armenian Catholic Church, use the same term...

 privately in the faithful's homes commemorating the Major Archbishop as Patriarch - an act which angered Bishop Hornyak.

However, some people chose even more extreme methods of expressing their disagreement with Bishop Hornyak. For example, on 18 December, 1977, when Bishop Hornyak went to Gloucester
Gloucester
Gloucester is a city, district and county town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, and on the River Severn, approximately north-east of Bristol, and south-southwest of Birmingham....

 to open the new Ukrainian Catholic church, he was met by around 500 demonstrators who ignored the police cordon line and attacked him, bruising his face and crushing his glasses. This forced him to retreat back into his car.

Stephen Sulyk
Stephen Sulyk
Stephen Sulyk, DD , born in Balnica, Lesko district, Poland, was an Archbishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Church. On March 1, 1981, Sulyk was appointed Archbishop of Philadelphia. On February 27, 2001, he was succeeded by Stefan Soroka as Archbishop of Philadelphia.-Notes:...

, Archbishop Metropolitan Emeritus for Ukrainian Catholics in Philadelphia
Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia
The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia is the Catholic archeparchy governing all Ukrainian Greek Catholic eparchies and Ukrainian Greek Catholics in the United States. Its headquarters are at 827 North Franklin Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.The current metropolitan is the...

, wrote in his autobiography, I Am With You Always, that Bishop Hornyak was eventually forced in to retirement due to pressure from the Patriarchal Organization - which advocated a Kievan Patriarchate - and the Major Archbishop of Lviv, Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky (Sulyk's predecessor) unfairly due to his backing of Vatican policies. However, many supporting the creation of a Kievan Patriarchate viewed Bishop Hornyak's retirement as a good sign.

List of former Apostolic Exarchs

When the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in England and Wales was first established in 1957, it was administered by the then Archbishop of Westminster
Archbishop of Westminster
The Archbishop of Westminster heads the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster, in England. The incumbent is the Metropolitan of the Province of Westminster and, as a matter of custom, is elected President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, and therefore de facto spokesman...

, Cardinal William Godfrey. Bishop Augustine Hornyak
Augustine Hornyak
Augustine Eugene Hornyak, OSBM, JCB, STD was the first Apostolic Exarch of the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain. He was one of the few English and Ukrainian bishops to attend the Second Vatican Council.-Early life:...

 was ordained as auxiliary bishop
Auxiliary bishop
An auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an additional bishop assigned to a diocese because the diocesan bishop is unable to perform his functions, the diocese is so extensive that it requires more than one bishop to administer, or the diocese is attached to a royal or imperial office...

 in 1961. Upon the death of Cardinal Godfrey in 1963, Augustine Hornyak was elevated to Apostolic Exarch for Ukrainians in England and Wales. In 1968, with the enlargement of the Apostolic Exarchate to include Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

 as well, Bishop Hornyak became the first Apostolic Exarch for Ukrainians in Great Britain. He was then followed by two other bishops (see below).

On June 2, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI
Benedict XVI is the 265th and current Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the Sovereign of the Vatican City State and the leader of the Catholic Church as well as the other 22 sui iuris Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the Holy See...

 named Bishop Hlib Lonchyna
Hlib Lonchyna
Bishop Hlib Borys Sviatoslav Lonchyna is Apostolic Exarch for Ukrainian Catholics in Great Britain since 14 June 2011.Lonchyna, was born to Ukrainain parents in Steubenville, Ohio within the Eparchy of Saint Josaphat in Parma for Ukrainians...

, M.S.U., who had been an auxiliary to Cardinal Lubomyr Husar in Kyiv-Halych, as an Apostolic Exarch and named him Apostolic Administrator
Apostolic Administrator
An apostolic administrator in the Roman Catholic Church is a prelate appointed by the Pope to serve as the ordinary for an apostolic administration...

 and Apostolic Visitor
Apostolic visitor
In the Catholic Church, an apostolic visitor is a papal representative with a transient mission to perform a canonical visitation of relatively short duration...

 to Great Britain and Ireland, as well as some other European lands, which for all intents and purposes makes him the new ordinary.
Apostolic Exarchs for Ukranians in Great Britain
From Until Incumbent Notes
1957 1963 William Godfrey (Apostolic administrator) Archbishop of Westminster
Archbishop of Westminster
The Archbishop of Westminster heads the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster, in England. The incumbent is the Metropolitan of the Province of Westminster and, as a matter of custom, is elected President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, and therefore de facto spokesman...

 (1956–1963)
1963 1987 Augustine Hornyak
Augustine Hornyak
Augustine Eugene Hornyak, OSBM, JCB, STD was the first Apostolic Exarch of the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain. He was one of the few English and Ukrainian bishops to attend the Second Vatican Council.-Early life:...

, O.S.B.M.
Formerly auxiliary bishop
Auxiliary bishop
An auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an additional bishop assigned to a diocese because the diocesan bishop is unable to perform his functions, the diocese is so extensive that it requires more than one bishop to administer, or the diocese is attached to a royal or imperial office...

 of the Exarchate (1961–3)
1987 1989 Michael Hrynchyshyn
Michel Hrynchyshyn
The Rt Revd Michel Hrynchyshyn C.S.S.R. has been current apostolic exarch of the Apostolic Exarchate in France, Benelux and Switzerland for the Ukrainians since his appointment on 21 October 1982. He was consecrated bishop on 30 January 1983...

, C.S.S.R.
(Apostolic administrator)
Apostolic Exarch of France, Benelux and Switzerland
Apostolic Exarchate in France, Benelux and Switzerland for the Ukrainians
The Apostolic Exarchate in France, Benelux and Switzerland for the Ukrainians is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic diocese. Its cathedral church is the Cathédrale Saint-Volodymyr-le-Grand in Paris.-See also:*Catholic Church*Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church...

 (1982–present)
1989 2002 Michael Kuchmiak
Michael Kuchmiak
Michael Kuchmiak, C.S.S.R. was a bishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and titular bishop of Agathopolis since 1988....

, C.S.S.R.
Formerly auxiliary bishop of Philadelphia
Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia
The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia is the Catholic archeparchy governing all Ukrainian Greek Catholic eparchies and Ukrainian Greek Catholics in the United States. Its headquarters are at 827 North Franklin Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.The current metropolitan is the...

 (1988)
2002 2006 Paul Patrick Chomnycky
Paul Patrick Chomnycky
Paul Patrick Chomnycky, OSBM, is a bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Church and the current bishop of the Diocese of Stamford, Connecticut.-Education:...

, O.S.B.M.
Subsequently Eparch of Stamford
Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Stamford
The Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Stamford is a diocese of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, covering parishes in New York State and New England....

 (2006–present)
2009 present Hlib Lonchyna
Hlib Lonchyna
Bishop Hlib Borys Sviatoslav Lonchyna is Apostolic Exarch for Ukrainian Catholics in Great Britain since 14 June 2011.Lonchyna, was born to Ukrainain parents in Steubenville, Ohio within the Eparchy of Saint Josaphat in Parma for Ukrainians...

, M.S.U.
Formerly auxiliary bishop of Kyiv-Halyč
Ukrainian Catholic Major Archeparchy of Kyiv-Halych
The Major Archeparchy of Kyiv-Halych is the only major archeparchy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The cathedral church, the Patriarchal Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ, is presently under construction in Kyiv....

 (2004-09) and of Lviv
Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Lviv
The Archeparchy of Lviv is an archeparchy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.The eparchy was established at some time during the mid 12th century, with its see originally in Halych...

 (2002-04)

Cathedral church

Named for the Holy Family
Holy Family
The Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and Saint Joseph.The Feast of the Holy Family is a liturgical celebration in the Roman Catholic Church in honor of Jesus of Nazareth, his mother, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and his foster father, Saint Joseph, as a family...

, the Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile
Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile
The Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile is the cathedral of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate in Great Britain. Though independent from the authority of the Latin Rite hierarchy in England and Wales, and instead under the jurisdiction of the Ukrainian Catholic apostolic exarch ,...

 - seat of the Apostolic Exarch - is situated in Mayfair, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

, and has a regular congregation of around 1000 parishioners. Currently, the clergy at the cathedral consist of priests from the Order of St Basil the Great.

Ukrainian Greek Catholic parish churches in Great Britain

Statistics

The number of faithful in the Apostolic Exarchate numbers 10,000. There are 12 parishes regularly served, 12 diocesan priests, 5 religious priests, 5 male religious and 1 female religious.

Charitable status

The Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainian Catholics in Great Britain is a registered charity with the Charity Commission
Charity Commission
The Charity Commission for England and Wales is the non-ministerial government department that regulates registered charities in England and Wales....

 in England and Wales, under charity number 240088. The Apostolic Exarchate was first registered as a charity on the 9th July, 1965. The stated aim of the Apostolic Exarchate is 'the advancement of religion at discretion of the bishop and his successors in title or the head of the Ukrainian Catholic Church in Great Britain'.

See also

  • Ukrainian migration to the United Kingdom
    Ukrainian migration to the United Kingdom
    Ukrainian migration to United Kingdom has been occurring since the eighteenth century.-History:Although Ukrainians have been present in the United Kingdom since the late 18th century, the first documented evidence of Ukrainians in the UK was confirmed by an entry in the Aliens Register in Salford...

  • Catholic Church in England and Wales
  • Catholic Church

External links

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