The aim of this list of programming languages is to include all notable programming language

Programming language

A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely....

s in existence, both those in current use and historical ones, in alphabetical order, except for dialects of BASIC

BASIC

BASIC is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use - the name is an acronym from Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code....

 and esoteric programming languages.

Note: Dialects of BASIC

BASIC

BASIC is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use - the name is an acronym from Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code....

 have been moved to the separate List of BASIC dialects.

Note: This page does not list esoteric programming language

Esoteric programming language

An esoteric programming language is a programming language designed as a test of the boundaries of computer programming language design, as a proof of concept, or as a joke...

s.

A

• A# .NET
  A Sharp (.NET)
  A# is a port of the Ada programming language to the Microsoft .NET platform. A# is freely distributed by the Department of Computer Science at the United States Air Force Academy as a service to the Ada community under the terms of the GNU General Public License.AdaCore has taken over this...
  
  
• A# (Axiom)
  A Sharp (Axiom)
  A# is an object-oriented functional programming language distributed as a separable component of Version 2 of the Axiom computer algebra system. A# types and functions are first-class values and can be used freely in conjunction with an extensive library of data structures and other mathematical...
  
  
• A-0 System
• A+
  A+ (programming language)
  A+ is an array programming language descendent from the programming language A, which in turn was created to replace APL in 1988. Arthur Whitney developed the "A" portion of A+, while other developers at Morgan Stanley extended it, adding a graphical user interface and other language features...
  
  
• A++
  A++
  A++ stands for abstraction plus reference plus synthesis which is used as a name for the minimalistic programming language that is built on ARS. Created by Dr...
  
  
• ABAP
  ABAP
  ABAP , is a high-level programming language created by the German software company SAP...
  
  
• ABC
• ABC ALGOL
  ABC ALGOL
  ABC ALGOL is an extension of the Algol 60 programming language with arbitrary data structures and user-defined operators, targeted for symbolic mathematics. Despite its advances, it was never used as widely as Algol proper.-References:...
  
  
• Abel
• ABLE
  ABLE (programming language)
  ABLE is a simplified programming language targeted at accounting applications.More information is available at -References:* "ABLE, The Accounting Language, Programming and Reference Manual," Evansville Data Proc Center, Evansville, IN, March 1975...
  
  
• ABSET
  ABSET
  -References:*"ABSET: A Programming Language Based on Sets", E.W. Elcock et al., Mach Intell 4, Edinburgh U Press, 1969, pp. 467–492...
  
  
• ABSYS
  ABSYS
  ABSYS was an early declarative programming language from the University of Aberdeen which anticipated a number of features of Prolog.-References:...
  
  
• Abundance
  Abundance (programming language)
  Abundance is a Forth-inspired programming language for DOS, created by Roedy Green.- History :Roedy Green implemented Abundance in 1981 as a platform for data entry and management, as part of the volunteer work he was doing for The Hunger Project in Canada.The name is a reference to the goal of...
  
  
• ACC
• Accent
• Ace DASL
• ACT-III
• Action!

• ActionScript
  ActionScript
  ActionScript is an object-oriented language originally developed by Macromedia Inc. . It is a dialect of ECMAScript , and is used primarily for the development of websites and software targeting the Adobe Flash Player platform, used on Web pages in the form of...
  
  
• Ada
  Ada (programming language)
  Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages...
  
  
• Adenine
  Adenine (programming language)
  Adenine, named after the nucleobase adenine, is a script language, which is developed in the context of the Haystack project and the Oxygen project of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in collaboration with NTT....
  
  
• Agda
• Agora
• AIMMS
  AIMMS
  AIMMS is a software system designed for modeling and solving large-scale optimization and scheduling-type problems....
  
  
• Alef
  Alef (programming language)
  The Alef programming language was designed as part of the Plan 9 operating system by Phil Winterbottom of Bell Labs.In a February 2000 slideshow, Rob Pike noted: "…although Alef was a fruitful language, it proved too difficult to maintain a variant language across multiple architectures, so we took...
  
  
• ALF
  Algebraic Logic Functional programming language
  Algebraic Logic Functional programming language also known as ALF is a programming language which combines functional and logic programming techniques...
  
  
• ALGOL 58
  ALGOL 58
  ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages. It was an early compromise design soon superseded by ALGOL 60...
  
  
• ALGOL 60
  ALGOL 60
  ALGOL 60 is a member of the ALGOL family of computer programming languages. It gave rise to many other programming languages, including BCPL, B, Pascal, Simula, C, and many others. ALGOL 58 introduced code blocks and the begin and end pairs for delimiting them...
  
  
• ALGOL 68
  ALGOL 68
  ALGOL 68 isan imperative computerprogramming language that was conceived as a successor to theALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a...
  
  
• Alice
  Alice (programming language)
  Alice ML is a functional programming language designed by the at Saarland University. It is a dialect of Standard ML, augmented with support for lazy evaluation, concurrency and constraint programming.-Overview:Alice extends Standard ML in a number of ways that distinguish it from its predecessor...
  
  
• Alma-0
  Alma-0
  Alma-0 is a multi-paradigm computer programming language. This language is an augmented version of the imperative Modula-2 language with logic-programming features and convenient backtracking capability. It is small, strongly typed, and combines constraint programming, a limited number of features...
  
  
• AmbientTalk
  AmbientTalk
  AmbientTalk is an experimental object-oriented distributed programming language developed at the Programming Technology Laboratory at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium...
  
  
• Amiga E
• AMOS
• AMPL
  AMPL
  AMPL, an acronym for "A Mathematical Programming Language", is an algebraic modeling language for describing and solving high-complexity problems for large-scale mathematical computation AMPL, an acronym for "A Mathematical Programming Language", is an algebraic modeling language for describing and...
  
  

• APL
• AppleScript
  AppleScript
  AppleScript is a scripting language created by Apple Inc. and built into Macintosh operating systems since System 7. The term "AppleScript" may refer to the scripting system itself, or to particular scripts that are written in the AppleScript language....
  
  
• Arc
  Arc (programming language)
  Arc is a dialect of the Lisp programming language now under development by Paul Graham and Robert Morris.- History :In 2001 Paul Graham announced that he was working on a new dialect of Lisp named "Arc"...
  
  

• ARexx
  ARexx
  ARexx is an implementation of the REXX language for the Amiga, written in 1987 by William S. Hawes, with a number of Amiga-specific features beyond standard REXX facilities. Like most REXX implementations, ARexx is an interpreted language...
  
  
• Argus
  Argus (programming language)
  Argus is a programming language created at MIT by Barbara Liskov between 1982 and 1988, in collaboration with Maurice Herlihy, Paul Johnson, Robert Scheifler, and William Weihl. It is an extension of the CLU language, and utilizes most of the same syntax and semantics...
  
  

• AspectJ
  AspectJ
  AspectJ is an aspect-oriented extension created at PARC for the Java programming language. It is available in Eclipse Foundation open-source projects, both stand-alone and integrated into Eclipse. AspectJ has become the widely-used de-facto standard for AOP by emphasizing simplicity and usability...
  
  
• Assembly language
  Assembly language
  An assembly language is a low-level programming language for computers, microprocessors, microcontrollers, and other programmable devices. It implements a symbolic representation of the machine codes and other constants needed to program a given CPU architecture...
  
  
• ATS
  ATS (programming language)
  ATS is a programming language whose stated purpose is to support theorem proving in combination with practical programming through the use of advanced type systems. The performance of ATS has been demonstrated to be comparable to that of the C and C++ programming languages...
  
  
• Ateji PX
  Ateji PX
  Ateji PX is an object-oriented programming language extension for Java. It is intended to facilliate parallel computing on multi-core processors, GPU, Grid and Cloud....
  
  
• AutoHotkey
  AutoHotkey
  AutoHotkey is a free, open source macro-creation and automation software utility which allows users to automate repetitive tasks. Any application user interface can be modified by AutoHotkey...
  
  
• Autocoder
  Autocoder
  Autocoder was the name given to certain assemblers for a number of IBM computers of the 1950s and 1960s.The first Autocoders appear to have been the earliest assemblers to provide a macro facility....
  
  
• AutoIt
  AutoIt
  AutoIt is a freeware automation language for Microsoft Windows. In its earliest release, the software was primarily intended to create automation scripts for Microsoft Windows programs but has since grown to include enhancements in both programming language design and overall functionality.With...
  
  
• Averest
  Averest
  Averest is a synchronous programming language and set of tools to specify, verify, and implement reactive systems. It includes a compiler for synchronous programs, a symbolic model checker, and a tool for hardware/software synthesis....
  
  
• AWK
• Axum
  Axum (programming language)
  Axum is a domain specific concurrent programming language, based on the Actor model, being developed by Microsoft...
  
  

B

• B
• Babbage
  Babbage (programming language)
  Babbage is the high level assembly language for the GEC 4000 series minicomputers. It was named after Charles Babbage, an English computing pioneer.- Example :PROCESS CHAPTER FACTORIALENTRY LABEL ENTRYPOINT...
  
  
• Bash
• BASIC
  BASIC
  BASIC is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use - the name is an acronym from Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code....
  
  
• bc

• BCPL
  BCPL
  BCPL is a procedural, imperative, and structured computer programming language designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966.- Design :...
  
  
• BeanShell
  BeanShell
  BeanShell is a Java scripting language, invented by Patrick Niemeyer. It runs in the Java Runtime Environment and uses Java syntax, in addition to scripting commands and syntax.- Features :...
  
  
• Batch (Windows/Dos)
  Batch file
  In DOS, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows, batch file is the name given to a type of script file, a text file containing a series of commands to be executed by the command interpreter....
  
  

• Bertrand
  Bertrand (programming language)
  Bertrand is a computer programming language for creating constraint programming systems. The language was created by Wm Leler in the mid-1980s as part of his doctoral research...
  
  
• BETA
  BETA
  BETA is a pure object-oriented language originating within the "Scandinavian School" in object-orientation where the first object-oriented language Simula was developed....
  
  
• Bigwig
  Bigwig (programming language)
  Bigwig is a domain-specific language designed to build web applications. It is implemented as an Apache module and runs under the Linux and Sun Solaris operating systems. No version is available for Microsoft Windows...
  
  
• Bistro
  Bistro (programming language)
  The Bistro programming language is object oriented, dynamically typed, and reflective. It is intended to integrate features of Smalltalk and Java, running as a variant of Smalltalk that runs atop any Java virtual machine conforming to Sun Microsystems' Java specification...
  
  
• BitC
  BitC
  BitC is a systems programming language developed by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University and as part of the Coyotos project. It aims to support formal program verification.-Objectives:The language has two primary objectives:...
  
  
• BLISS

• Blue
• Bon

• Boo
• Boomerang
  Boomerang (programming language)
  Boomerang is a programming language for writing lenses—well-behaved bidirectional transformations —that operate on ad-hoc, textual data formats.Boomerang grew out of the Harmony generic data synchronizer. It was used in open product Unison.-References:...
  
  
• Bourne shell
  Bourne shell
  The Bourne shell, or sh, was the default Unix shell of Unix Version 7 and most Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh - which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell - even when more modern shells are used by most users.Developed by Stephen Bourne at AT&T...
  
   (including bash and ksh
  Korn shell
  The Korn shell is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn in the early 1980s and announced at USENIX on July 14, 1983. Other early contributors were AT&T Bell Labs developers Mike Veach, who wrote the emacs code, and Pat Sullivan, who wrote the vi code...
  
  )

• BREW
• BPEL
  Business Process Execution Language
  Business Process Execution Language , short for Web Services Business Process Execution Language is an OASIS standard executable language for specifying actions within business processes with web services...
  
  
• BUGSYS
  BUGSYS
  BUGSYS was a programming system for pattern recognition and preparing animated films, for IBM 7094 and System/360 computers.["BUGSYS: A Programming System for Picture Processing - Not for Debugging", R.A. Ledley et al., CACM 9 ]....
  
  
• BuildProfessional
  BuildProfessional
  BuildProfessional is a 4GL programming language developed by Today Systems. It is derived from the Today programming language, which provided character based interfaces while BuildProfessional provides GUI interfaces.- External links :*...
  
  

C

• C
  C (programming language)
  C is a general-purpose computer programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system....
  
  
• C--
  C--
  C-- is a C-like programming language. Its creators, functional programming researchers Simon Peyton Jones and Norman Ramsey, designed it to be generated mainly by compilers for very high-level languages rather than written by human programmers...
  
  
• C++
  C++
  C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as an intermediate-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell...
  
   - ISO/IEC 14882
• C# - ISO/IEC 23270
• C/AL
  C/AL
  C/AL is the programming language used within C/SIDE the Client/Server Integrated Development Environment in Microsoft Dynamics NAV...
  
  
• Caché ObjectScript
  Caché ObjectScript
  Caché ObjectScript is a part of the Caché database system sold by Intersystems Corp. The language is a functional superset of the ANSI-standard M programming language. MUMPS programmers can run existing MUMPS routines under Caché with little or no change...
  
  

• C Shell
  C shell
  The C shell is a Unix shell that was created by Bill Joy while a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley in the late 1970s. It has been distributed widely, beginning with the 2BSD release of the BSD Unix system that Joy began distributing in 1978...
  
  
• Caml
  Caml
  Caml is a dialect of the ML programming language family, developed at INRIA and formerly at ENS....
  
  
• Candle
  Candle (programming language)
  Candle is a high-level general-purpose scripting language for both desktop and Internet applications. It unifies the core features of many XML related technologies like XQuery, XSLT, RELAX NG. Its first public beta release was on 12 Oct 2005...
  
  
• Cayenne
• Cecil
• Cel
• Cesil
  Cesil
  Cesil, or Computer Education in Schools Instruction Language, was a programming language designed to introduce pupils in British schools to Assembler. It is rather difficult to define it as high or low level...
  
  
• CFML
  ColdFusion Markup Language
  ColdFusion Markup Language, more commonly known as CFML, is a scripting language for web development that runs on the JVM, the .NET framework, and Google App Engine...
  
  
• Cg
• Chapel
• CHAIN
  CHAIN (programming language)
  CHAIN was Datapoint's batch programming language, used in the late 1980s....
  
  
• Charity
• Charm
• Chef
  Chef (programming language)
  Chef is an esoteric programming language designed by David Morgan-Mar. It is based on the manipulation of data values in a number of stacks; the same idea is used in assembly programming languages...
  
  
• CHILL
  CHILL
  In computing, CHILL is a procedural programming language designed for use in telecommunication switches . The language is still used for legacy systems in some telecommunication companies and for signal box programming.The CHILL language is similar in size and complexity to the Ada language...
  
  
• CHIP-8
  CHIP-8
  CHIP-8 is an interpreted programming language, developed by the late Joseph Weisbecker. It was initially used on the COSMAC VIP and Telmac 1800 8-bit microcomputers in the mid-1970s. CHIP-8 programs are run on a CHIP-8 virtual machine...
  
  
• chomski
  Chomski
  chomski virtual machine and pp refer to both a command line computer language and utility which can be used to parse and transform text patterns...
  
  
• Oxygene (formerly Chrome)
• ChucK
  ChucK
  ChucK is a concurrent, strongly timed audio programming language for real-time synthesis, composition, and performance, which runs on Mac OS X, Linux, Microsoft Windows, and iPhone/iPad. It is designed to favor readability and flexibility for the programmer over other considerations such...
  
  
• CICS
  CICS
  Customer Information Control System is a transaction server that runs primarily on IBM mainframe systems under z/OS and z/VSE.CICS is a transaction manager designed for rapid, high-volume online processing. This processing is mostly interactive , but background transactions are possible...
  
  

• Cilk
  Cilk
  Cilk is a general-purpose programming language designed for multithreaded parallel computing. The commercial instantiation is Intel Cilk Plus.-Design:...
  
  
• CL
  AS/400 Control Language
  The AS/400 Control Language is a scripting language for the IBM AS/400 midrange platform bearing a resemblance to the IBM Job Control Language and consisting of an ever expanding set of command objects used to invoke traditional AS/400 programs and/or get help on what those programs do...
  
   (IBM
  IBM
  International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...
  
  )
• Claire
• Clarion
• Clean
• Clipper
• CLIST
  CLIST
  CLIST is a procedural programming language for TSO in MVS systems. It originated in OS/360 Release 20 and has assumed a secondary role since the availability of Rexx in TSO/E Version 2....
  
  
• Clojure
  Clojure
  Clojure |closure]]") is a recent dialect of the Lisp programming language created by Rich Hickey. It is a general-purpose language supporting interactive development that encourages a functional programming style, and simplifies multithreaded programming....
  
  

• CLU
• CMS-2
• COBOL
  COBOL
  COBOL is one of the oldest programming languages. Its name is an acronym for COmmon Business-Oriented Language, defining its primary domain in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments....
  
   - ISO/IEC 1989
• CobolScript
  CobolScript
  In computer programming, CobolScript is a COBOL-based scripting language. CobolScript has syntax familiar to COBOL programmers and is used for data conversion, batch interfaces, and server-side scripting...
  
  
• Cobra
  Cobra (programming language from Cobra Language LLC)
  Cobra is an object-oriented programming language produced by Cobra Language LLC. Cobra is designed by Chuck Esterbrook, and runs on the Microsoft .NET and Mono platforms. It is strongly influenced by Python, C#, Eiffel, Objective-C, and other programming languages. It supports both static and...
  
  
• CODE
• CoffeeScript
  CoffeeScript
  CoffeeScript is a programming language that transcompiles to JavaScript. The language adds syntactic sugar inspired by Ruby, Python and Haskell to enhance JavaScript's brevity and readability, as well as adding more sophisticated features like array comprehension and pattern matching...
  
  
• Cola
• ColdC
  ColdC
  ColdC is a programming language, originally designed for ColdMUD by Greg Hudson in 1993, but with some applications in fields unrelated to MUDs. It is a dynamically typed prototype-based object oriented system, with a syntax derived from the C programming language...
  
  
• ColdFusion
  ColdFusion
  In computing, ColdFusion is the name of a commercial rapid application development platform invented by Jeremy and JJ Allaire in 1995. ColdFusion was originally designed to make it easier to connect simple HTML pages to a database, by version 2 it had...
  
  
• Cool
  Cool (programming language)
  Cool, an acronym for Classroom Object Oriented Language, is a computer programming language designed by Alexander Aiken for use in an undergraduate compiler course project...
  
  
• COMAL
  COMAL
  COMAL is a computer programming language developed in Denmark by Benedict Løfstedt and Børge R. Christensen in 1973.The "COMAL 80 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE REPORT" contains the formal definition of the language.- Design :...
  
  
• Combined Programming Language
  Combined Programming Language
  CPL was a multi-paradigm programming language, that was developed in the early 1960s.- Design :...
  
   (CPL)
• Common Intermediate Language
  Common Intermediate Language
  Common Intermediate Language is the lowest-level human-readable programming language defined by the Common Language Infrastructure specification and is used by the .NET Framework and Mono...
  
   (CIL)

• Common Lisp
  Common Lisp
  Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 , . From the ANSI Common Lisp standard the Common Lisp HyperSpec has been derived for use with web browsers...
  
   (also known as CL)
• COMPASS
  COMPASS
  COMPASS is an acronym for COMPrehensive ASSembler. COMPASS is any of a family of macro assembly languages on Control Data Corporation's 3000 series, and on the 60-bit CDC 6000 series, 7600 and Cyber 70 and 170 series mainframe computers...
  
  
• Component Pascal
  Component Pascal
  Component Pascal is a programming language in the tradition of Niklaus Wirth's Pascal, Modula-2, Oberon and Oberon-2. It bears the name of the Pascal programming language but is incompatible with it. Instead, it is a minor variant and refinement of Oberon-2, designed and supported by a small ETH...
  
  
• COMIT
  COMIT
  COMIT was the first string processing language , developed on the IBM 700/7000 series computers by Dr. Victor Yngve and collaborators at MIT from 1957-1965. Yngve created the language for supporting computerized research in the field of linguistics, and more specifically, the area of machine...
  
  
• Constraint Handling Rules
  Constraint Handling Rules
  Constraint Handling Rules is a declarative programming language extensionintroduced in 1991 by Thom Frühwirth.Originally designed for developing constraint programming systems, CHR is increasingly used...
  
   (CHR)
• Converge
• Coral 66
• Corn
  Corn (emulator)
  Corn was a software emulator of the Nintendo 64 games console targeting x86 computers running Microsoft Windows. Corn was developed by a programmer using the alias ContraSF.-Features:...
  
  
• CorVision
  CorVision
  CorVision is a fourth generation programming tool currently owned by Attunity, Inc. CorVision was developed by Cortex Corporation for the VAX/VMS ISAM environment. Although Cortex beta tested CorVision-10 which generated for PCs but CorVision itself stayed anchored on VMS...
  
  
• Coq
  Coq
  In computer science, Coq is an interactive theorem prover. It allows the expression of mathematical assertions, mechanically checks proofs of these assertions, helps to find formal proofs, and extracts a certified program from the constructive proof of its formal specification...
  
  
• COWSEL
  COWSEL
  COWSEL is a programming language designed between 1964 and 1966 by Robin Popplestone. It was based on a RPN form of Lisp combined with some ideas from CPL....
  
  
• CPL
  Combined Programming Language
  CPL was a multi-paradigm programming language, that was developed in the early 1960s.- Design :...
  
  
• csh
  C shell
  The C shell is a Unix shell that was created by Bill Joy while a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley in the late 1970s. It has been distributed widely, beginning with the 2BSD release of the BSD Unix system that Joy began distributing in 1978...
  
  
• CSP
  Communicating sequential processes
  In computer science, Communicating Sequential Processes is a formal language for describing patterns of interaction in concurrent systems. It is a member of the family of mathematical theories of concurrency known as process algebras, or process calculi...
  
  
• Csound
  Csound
  Csound is a computer programming language for dealing with sound, also known as a sound compiler or an audio programming language, or more precisely, a C-based audio DSL. It is called Csound because it is written in C, as opposed to some of its predecessors...
  
  

• Curl
• Curry
• Cyclone
• Cython
  Cython
  Cython is a programming language to simplify writing C and C++ extension modules for the CPython Python runtime. Strictly speaking, Cython syntax is a superset of Python syntax additionally supporting:...
  
  

D

• D
  D (programming language)
  The D programming language is an object-oriented, imperative, multi-paradigm, system programming language created by Walter Bright of Digital Mars. It originated as a re-engineering of C++, but even though it is mainly influenced by that language, it is not a variant of C++...
  
  
• DASL (Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language)
• DASL (Distributed Application Specification Language)
• Dart
  Dart (programming language)
  Dart is a Web programming language developed by Google. It was unveiled at the in Aarhus, 2011 October 10-12. The goal of Dart is "ultimately to replace JavaScript as the lingua franca of web development on the open web platform."- Reason for a new language :Dart is intended to solve JavaScript's...
  
   (Google's Web programming language)
• DataFlex
  Dataflex
  DataFlex is a relational database management system, self-described as an applications development database, originated around 1980.It is a relatively early example of a fully fledged and commercially used fourth-generation programming language . In its early forms, DataFlex was available for UNIX,...
  
  
• Datalog
  Datalog
  Datalog is a query and rule language for deductive databases that syntactically is a subset of Prolog. Its origins date back to the beginning of logic programming, but it became prominent as a separate area around 1977 when Hervé Gallaire and Jack Minker organized a workshop on logic and databases...
  
  
• DATATRIEVE
  DATATRIEVE
  DATATRIEVE is a database query and report writer tool that runs on OpenVMS operating system as well as several PDP-11 operating systems. Its command structure is nearly plain English, and it is an early example of a Fourth Generation Language...
  
  
• dBase
  DBASE
  dBase II was the first widely used database management system for microcomputers. It was originally published by Ashton-Tate for CP/M, and later on ported to the Apple II and IBM PC under DOS...
  
  

• dc
• DCL
  DIGITAL Command Language
  DCL, the DIGITAL Command Language, is the standard command languageadopted by most of the operating systems that were sold by the former Digital Equipment Corporation...
  
  
• Deesel
  Deesel
  Deesel, formerly called G, is a computer programming language; more specifically, a metaprogramming language based on the Java language, in much the same way that C++ is based on C, so Deesel is nearly a superset of Java....
  
   (formerly G)
• Delphi
• Dialect
• DinkC
• Dialog Manager

• DIBOL
  DIBOL
  DiBOL or Digital's Business Oriented Language is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language, which is well-suited for Management Information Systems software development. It has a syntax similar to FORTRAN and BASIC, along with BCD arithmetic...
  
  
• DL/I
  Data Language Interface
  Data Language Interface is the language system used to access IBM’s IMS databases, and its data communication system....
  
  
• Draco
  Draco (programming language)
  Draco was a shareware programming language for CP/M and the Amiga, created by Chris Gray in the early 1980s, and discontinued sometime around 1990....
  
  
• Dylan
• DYNAMO
  DYNAMO (programming language)
  DYNAMO was a simulation language and accompanying graphical notation developed within the system dynamics analytical framework...
  
  

E

• E
  E (programming language)
  E is an object-oriented programming language for secure distributed computing, created by Mark S. Miller, Dan Bornstein, and others at Electric Communities in 1997. E is mainly descended from the concurrent language Joule and from Original-E, a set of extensions to Java for secure distributed...
  
  
• Ease
• EASY
• Easy PL/I
  PL/I
  PL/I is a procedural, imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, business and systems programming applications...
  
  
• EASYTRIEVE PLUS
  Easytrieve
  Easytrieve are programming languages tailored to generating reports and are primarily used by large corporations. Easytrieve is a product of CA, Inc. .- Classic v. Plus :...
  
  
• ECMAScript
  ECMAScript
  ECMAScript is the scripting language standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-262 specification and ISO/IEC 16262. The language is widely used for client-side scripting on the web, in the form of several well-known dialects such as JavaScript, JScript, and ActionScript.- History :JavaScript...
  
  
• Edinburgh IMP
  Edinburgh IMP
  Edinburgh IMP is a development of ATLAS Autocode, initially developed around 1966-1969 at Edinburgh University, Scotland. IMP was a general-purpose programming language which was used heavily for systems programming....
  
  
• EGL

• Eiffel
  Eiffel (programming language)
  Eiffel is an ISO-standardized, object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer and Eiffel Software. The design of the language is closely connected with the Eiffel programming method...
  
  
• ELAN
• Emacs Lisp
  Emacs Lisp
  Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used by the GNU Emacs and XEmacs text editors . It is used for implementing most of the editing functionality built into Emacs, the remainder being written in C...
  
  
• Emerald
  Emerald (programming language)
  Emerald is a distributed, object-oriented programming language developed in the 1980s by Andrew P. Black, Norman C. Hutchinson, Eric Jul, and Henry M...
  
  
• Epigram
• Erlang
• Escapade
• Escher
  Escher (programming language)
  Escher is a declarative programming language that supports both functional programming and logic programming models, developed by J.W. Lloyd in the mid-1990s. It was designed mostly as a research and teaching vehicle...
  
  
• ESPOL
  ESPOL
  ESPOL was a superset of ALGOL 60 that provided capabilities of what would later be known as Mohols, machine oriented high order languages, such as interrupting a processor on a multiprocessor system...
  
  

• Esterel
  Esterel
  Esterel is a synchronous programming language for the development of complex reactive systems. The imperative programming style of Esterel allows the simple expression of parallelism and preemption...
  
  
• Etoys
  EToys (Programming Language)
  Etoys is a child-friendly computer environment and object-oriented prototype-based programming language for use in education.Etoys is a media-rich authoring environment with a scripted object model for many different objects that runs on different platforms and is free and open source.- Brief...
  
  
• Euclid
• Euler
• Euphoria
• EusLisp Robot Programming Language
  EusLisp Robot Programming Language
  EusLisp is a Lisp-based programming system. Built on the basis of object orientation, it is designed specifically for developing robotics software. The first version of it ran in 1986 on Unix-System5/Ustation-E20.-External links:*...
  
  
• CMS EXEC
  CMS EXEC
  CMS EXEC, or EXEC, is an interpreted, command procedure control, computer programming language used by the CMS EXEC Processor supplied with the IBM Virtual Machine/Conversational Monitor System operating system....
  
  
• EXEC 2
  EXEC 2
  EXEC 2 is an interpreted, command procedure control, computer programming language used by the EXEC 2 Processor supplied with the IBM Virtual Machine/Conversational Monitor System operating system....
  
  

F

• F
• F#
• Factor
  Factor (programming language)
  Factor is a stack-oriented programming language created by Slava Pestov. Factor is dynamically typed and has automatic memory management, as well as powerful metaprogramming features. The language has a single implementation featuring a self-hosted optimizing compiler and an interactive development...
  
  
• Falcon
  Falcon (programming language)
  Falcon is an open source, multi-paradigm programming language. Design and implementation is led by Giancarlo Niccolai, a native of Bologna, Italy and Information Technology graduate from Pistoia....
  
  
• Fancy
  Fancy (programming language)
  Fancy is a pure object-oriented programming language that is heavily influenced by Smalltalk and Ruby. The language is currently under development as an open source project by Christopher Bertels.- Development :...
  
  
• Fantom

• Felix
• Ferite
  Ferite
  Ferite is a small robust scripting language providing a straightforward application integration, the ability for the API to be extended very easily...
  
  
• FFP
• Fjölnir

• FL
• Flavors
• Flex
• FLOW-MATIC
  FLOW-MATIC
  FLOW-MATIC, originally known as B-0 , was the first English-like data processing language. It was developed for the UNIVAC I at Remington Rand under Grace Hopper.-Development:...
  
  
• FOCAL
• FOCUS
  FOCUS
  FOCUS is a computer programming language. It is a database query building language, regarded as a fourth-generation programming language. produced by Information Builders Inc...
  
  
• FOIL
• FORMAC
• @Formula
  Formula language
  The Formula language is a scripting language used by Lotus Notes.It is often referred to as @Formula language because many language elements start with the @-character. Here is an example of a selection formula:SELECT @NoteId = "NT0050D26"...
  
  
• Forth

• Fortran
  Fortran
  Fortran is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing...
  
   - ISO/IEC 1539
• Fortress
• FoxBase
• FoxPro
• FP
  FP (programming language)
  FP is a programming language created by John Backus to support the function-level programming paradigm...
  
  
• FPr
  FPr (programming language)
  FPr is a programming language that is an implementation of an FP-System. FP was invented by John Backus and described in his Turing Award lecture...
  
  
• Franz Lisp
  Franz Lisp
  In computer programming, Franz Lisp was a Lisp system written at UC Berkeley by the students of Professor Richard J. Fateman, based largely on Maclisp and distributed with the Berkeley Software Distribution for the Digital Equipment Corp VAX...
  
  
• Frink
  Frink
  Frink, named after the fictional mad scientist Professor John Frink from The Simpsons, is a calculating tool and programming language designed by Alan Eliasen. It is built on the Java Virtual Machine and incorporates features similar to Java, Perl, Ruby, Smalltalk, and various BASIC implementations...
  
  
• F-Script
• Fuxi
  Fuxi Programming Language
  Fuxi is a general-purpose, concurrent, object-oriented, declarative programming language. It was designed for use in application and systems programming, and implemented to meet the demands of network computing and mobility, and to provide a vehicle for rapid prototyping of software...
  
  

G

• G
• GameMonkey Script
  GameMonkey Script
  GameMonkey Script is a small, cross-platform scripting language designed, as its name suggests, for embedding into games. GameMonkey bears many similarities to Lua, except the syntax is more similar to that of C.GameMonkey features:...
  
  
• GAMS
  General Algebraic Modeling System
  The General Algebraic Modeling System is a high-level modeling system for mathematical optimization. GAMS is designed for modeling and solving linear, nonlinear, and mixed-integer optimization problems. The system is tailored for complex, large-scale modeling applications and allows the user to...
  
  
• GAP
  GAP computer algebra system
  GAP is a computer algebra system for computational discrete algebra with particular emphasis on computational group theory.-History:...
  
  
• G-code
  G-code
  G-code is the common name for the most widely used computer numerical control programming language, which has many implementations. Used mainly in automation, it is part of computer-aided engineering. G-code is sometimes called G programming language...
  
  
• Genie
  Genie (programming language)
  Genie is a modern, general-purpose high-level programming language in active development since 2008. It was designed as an alternative, simpler and cleaner dialect for the Vala compiler, while preserving the same functionality of the Vala language. Genie uses the same compiler and libraries as...
  
  
• GDL
  Geometric Description Language
  In computer-aided design, Geometric Description Language is the programming language of ArchiCAD library parts. GSM is the file format of these CAD objects.- Area of usage:...
  
  
• Gibiane
  Gibiane
  Gibiane is a computer programming language which was invented at Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique ....
  
  

• GJ

• GLSL
  GLSL
  OpenGL Shading Language , is a high-level shading language based on the syntax of the C programming language...
  
  
• GNU E
  GNU E
  GNU E is an extension of C++ designed for writing software systems tosupport persistent applications, it was designed as part of the.- External links :* [ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/exodus/E/ GNU E software and papers]*...
  
  
• GM
  Golden master
  In hardware and software development, a golden master is the reference model from which copies are mass-produced. An analogy is made to the production of certain types of physical media...
  
  
• Go
  Go (programming language)
  Go is a compiled, garbage-collected, concurrent programming language developed by Google Inc.The initial design of Go was started in September 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. Go was officially announced in November 2009. In May 2010, Rob Pike publicly stated that Go was being...
  
  
• Go!
  Go! (programming language)
  Go! is an agent-based programming language in the tradition of logic-based programming languages like Prolog. It was introduced in a 2003 paper by Francis McCabe and Keith Clark....
  
  
• GOAL
  Game Oriented Assembly Lisp
  Game Oriented Assembly Lisp is a computer game programming language developed by Andy Gavin and the Jak and Daxter team at Naughty Dog...
  
  
• Gödel

• Godiva
• GOM (Good Old Mad)
• Goo
  Goo (programming language)
  GOO is a lexically scoped, dynamic, type-based, object-oriented programming language. It is designed to be simple, productive, powerful, extensible, dynamic, efficient and real-time. It heavily leverages features from many earlier languages. In particular, it attempts to be a simpler, more dynamic,...
  
  
• GOTRAN
• GPSS
  GPSS
  General Purpose Simulation System is a discrete time simulation language, where a simulation clock advances in discrete steps...
  
  
• GraphTalk
  Computer Sciences Corporation
  Computer Sciences Corporation is an American information technology and business services company headquartered in Falls Church, Virginia, USA...
  
  
• GRASS
• Green
  Green (programming language)
  Green is a statically-typed object-oriented programming language which supports garbage collection, assertions, methods with variable number of parameters, parameterized classes, metaobjects, introspective reflection, and classes as first-class objects...
  
  
• Groovy

H

• HAL/S
  HAL/S
  HAL/S is a real-time aerospace programming language, best known for its use in the Space Shuttle program. It was designed by Intermetrics in the 1970s for NASA. HAL/S is written in XPL, a dialect of PL/I....
  
  
• Hamilton C shell
  Hamilton C shell
  Hamilton C shell is a clone of the Unix C shell and utilities for Microsoft Windows created by Nicole Hamilton at Hamilton Laboratories. It was first released on OS/2 on December 12 1988 and on Windows NT in July 1992...
  
  
• Harbour
• IBM HAScript
• Haskell
  Haskell (programming language)
  Haskell is a standardized, general-purpose purely functional programming language, with non-strict semantics and strong static typing. It is named after logician Haskell Curry. In Haskell, "a function is a first-class citizen" of the programming language. As a functional programming language, the...
  
  

• HaXe
  HaXe
  haXe is a versatile open-source high-level multiplatform programming language described on its website as a "universal language".It can produce:* Flash applications and games* Multi-platform client-side web applications* Apache CGI web applications...
  
  
• High Level Assembly
  High Level Assembly
  High Level Assembler is an assembly language developed by Randall Hyde. It allows the use of higher-level language constructs to aid both beginners and advanced assembly developers. It fully supports advanced data types and object-oriented assembly language programming...
  
  
• HLSL
  High Level Shader Language
  The High Level Shader Language or High Level Shading Language is a proprietary shading language developed by Microsoft for use with the Microsoft Direct3D API. It is analogous to the GLSL shading language used with the OpenGL standard...
  
  
• Hop
  Hop (software)
  Hop is a Lisp-like programming language by Manuel Serrano for web 2.0 and also the name of the web broker that implements this language. It is written in Bigloo Scheme. A web broker is a program that can act as a web server and a web proxy....
  
  

• Hope

• Hugo
• Hume
  Hume (language)
  Hume is a functionally-based programming language developed at the University of St Andrews and Heriot-Watt University in Scotland, and named after the 18th Century philosopher David Hume...
  
  
• HyperTalk
  HyperTalk
  HyperTalk is a high-level, procedural programming language created in 1987 by Dan Winkler and used in conjunction with Apple Computer's HyperCard hypermedia program by Bill Atkinson. The main target audience of HyperTalk was beginning programmers, hence HyperTalk programmers were usually called...
  
  

I

• IBM Basic assembly language
• IBM Informix-4GL
• IBM RPG
• ICI
• Icon
• Id
  Id (programming language)
  Id is a general-purpose parallel programming language, developed by Arvind and Nikhil, at MIT, in the late 1970 and throughout the 1980s. The major subset of Id is a purely functional programming language with non-strict semantics...
  
  

• IDL
• IMP
• Inform
  Inform
  Over the following decade, version 6 became reasonably stable and a popular language for writing interactive fiction. In 2006, Nelson released Inform 7 , a completely new language based on principles of natural language and a new set of tools based around a book-publishing metaphor.- Z-Machine and...
  
  

• Io
  Io (programming language)
  Io is a pure object-oriented programming language inspired by Smalltalk, Self, Lua, Lisp, Act1, and NewtonScript. Io has a prototype-based object model similar to the ones in Self and NewtonScript, eliminating the distinction between instance and class. Like Smalltalk, everything is an object and...
  
  

• Ioke
  Ioke (programming language)
  Ioke is a dynamic, strongly typed, prototype-based programming language targeting the Java Virtual Machine and the Common Language Runtime. It was designed by Ola Bini, a developer of JRuby. It has a very simple homoiconic syntax, somewhat similar to Io....
  
  
• IPL
  Information Processing Language
  Information Processing Language is a programming language developed by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology from about 1956...
  
  

• IPTSCRAE
  IPTSCRAE
  Iptscrae is the scripting language used to give additional functionality to The Palace software and servers. Its name comes from the pronunciation of "script" in Pig Latin....
  
  
• IronPython
  IronPython
  IronPython is an implementation of the Python programming language targeting the .NET Framework and Mono. Jim Hugunin created the project and actively contributed to it up until Version 1.0 which was released on September 5, 2006. Thereafter, it was maintained by a small team at Microsoft until...
  
  
• IronRuby
  IronRuby
  IronRuby is an implementation of the Ruby programming language targeting Microsoft .NET framework. It is implemented on top of the Dynamic Language Runtime , a library running on top of the Common Language Infrastructure that provides dynamic typing and dynamic method dispatch, among other things,...
  
  
• ISPF
  ISPF
  In computing, Interactive System Productivity Facility is a software product for the z/OS operating system that runs on IBM mainframes...
  
  
• ISWIM
  ISWIM
  ISWIM is an abstract computer programming language devised by Peter J. Landin and first described in his article, The Next 700 Programming Languages, published in the Communications of the ACM in 1966...
  
  

J

• J
  J (programming language)
  The J programming language, developed in the early 1990s by Kenneth E. Iverson and Roger Hui, is a synthesis of APL and the FP and FL function-level languages created by John Backus....
  
  
• J#
  J Sharp
  Visual J# |sharp]]') programming language is a discontinued transitional language for programmers of Java and Visual J++ languages, so they may use their existing knowledge and applications on .NET Framework....
  
  
• J++
  Visual J++
  Visual J++ was Microsoft's specific implementation of Java. Syntax, keywords, and grammatical conventions were the same as Java's. Microsoft discontinued support of J++ in January 2004, replacing it to a certain extent with J# and C#....
  
  
• JADE
• Jako
• JAL
  JAL (compiler)
  JAL is a Pascal-like programming language and compiler that generates executable code for PIC microcontrollers. It is a free-format language with a compiler that runs on Linux, MS-Windows and MS-DOS...
  
  
• Janus
  Janus (programming language)
  The name Janus refers to at least two computer programming languages or partial descriptions of possible computer programing languages:-Concurrent Constraint Programming:...
  
  

• JASS
  JASS
  JASS or JASS2 is an event driven scripting language used in Blizzard Entertainment's Warcraft III game and its expansion pack The Frozen Throne...
  
  
• Java
  Java (programming language)
  Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities...
  
  
• JavaScript
  JavaScript
  JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles....
  
  
• JCL
  Job Control Language
  Job Control Language is a scripting language used on IBM mainframe operating systems to instruct the system on how to run a batch job or start a subsystem....
  
  
• JEAN
  JEAN
  JEAN was a dialect of the JOSS programming language developed for and used on ICT 1900 series computers in the late 1960s and early 1970s; it was implemented under the MINIMOP operating system. It was used at the University of Southampton....
  
  
• Join Java
  Join Java
  Join Java is a programming language that extends the standard Java programming language with the join semantics of the join-calculus. It was written at the University of South Australia within the Reconfigurable Computing Lab by Dr...
  
  
• JOSS
  JOSS
  JOSS was one of the very first interactive, time sharing programming languages.JOSS I, developed by J. Clifford Shaw at RAND was first implemented, in beta form, on the JOHNNIAC computer in May 1963...
  
  

• Joule
  Joule (programming language)
  Joule is a concurrent dataflow programming language, designed for building distributed applications. It is so concurrent, that the order of statements within a block is irrelevant to the operation of the block. Statements are executed whenever possible, based on their inputs. Everything in Joule...
  
  
• JOVIAL
  JOVIAL
  JOVIAL is a high-order computer programming language similar to ALGOL, but specialized for the development of embedded systems .JOVIAL is an acronym for "Jules Own Version of the International...
  
  
• Joy
• JScript
  JScript
  JScript is a scripting language based on the ECMAScript standard that is used in Microsoft's Internet Explorer.JScript is implemented as a Windows Script engine. This means that it can be "plugged in" to any application that supports Windows Script, such as Internet Explorer, Active Server Pages,...
  
  
• Jython
  Jython
  Jython, successor of JPython, is an implementation of the Python programming language written in Java.-Overview:Jython programs can seamlessly import and use any Java class. Except for some standard modules, Jython programs use Java classes instead of Python modules...
  
  
• JavaFX Script
  JavaFX Script
  JavaFX Script is a scripting language designed by Sun Microsystems, forming part of the JavaFX family of technologies on the Java Platform.JavaFX targets the Rich Internet Application domain , specializing in rapid development of visually rich applications for the desktop and mobile markets...
  
  

K

• K
  K (programming language)
  K is a proprietary array processing language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by Kx Systems. The language serves as the foundation for kdb, an in-memory, column-based database, and other related financial products. The language, originally developed in 1993, is a variant of APL and...
  
  
• Kaleidoscope
• Karel
• Karel++
  Karel++
  Karel++ is a didactic object-oriented programming language designed solely as an introduction to preliminary, object-oriented programming. It is conceptually based upon a separate programming language called Karel.-Nomenclature:...
  
  
• Kaya
  Kaya (programming language)
  Kaya is a programming language with a powerful type system, static type checking and type inference.- Overview :Kaya is a compiled language with a powerful and unobtrusive type system, allowing many bugs to be found at compile time...
  
  

• KEE
  IntelliCorp (Software)
  IntelliCorp is a software company that provides, develops, and markets SAP application lifecycle management, business process management and data management software for SAP customers and partners...
  
  
• KIF
  Knowledge Interchange Format
  Knowledge Interchange Format is a computer-oriented language for the interchange of knowledge among disparate computer programs.It has declarative semantics ; it is logically comprehensive Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) is a computer-oriented language for the interchange of knowledge among...
  
  
• KRC
  Kent Recursive Calculator
  KRC is a lazy functional language developed by David Turner in 1981 based on SASL, with pattern matching, guards and ZF expressions ....
  
  
• KRL
• KRL (KUKA
  KUKA
  KUKA is a leading German producer of industrial robots for a variety of industries - from automotive and fabricated metals to food and plastics...
  
   Robot Language)

• KRYPTON
  KRYPTON
  KRYPTON is a frame-based computer programming language....
  
  
• ksh
  Korn shell
  The Korn shell is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn in the early 1980s and announced at USENIX on July 14, 1983. Other early contributors were AT&T Bell Labs developers Mike Veach, who wrote the emacs code, and Pat Sullivan, who wrote the vi code...
  
  

L

• L
  L programming language
  Three programming languages named L are:*A programming language started by Larry McVoy, with extensive help from Jeffrey Hobbs, Oscar Bonilla, and Tim Daly, Jr. It aims to wrap C-like syntax around core Tcl functionality....
  
  
• L# .NET
  L Sharp
  L# .NET is a dynamic computer programming language intended to be compiled and executed on the Ecma-334 and Ecma-335 Common Language Infrastructure...
  
  
• LabVIEW
  LabVIEW
  LabVIEW is a system design platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments. LabVIEW provides engineers and scientists with the tools needed to create and deploy measurement and control systems.The graphical language is named "G"...
  
  
• Ladder
  Ladder logic
  Ladder logic is a programming language that represents a program by a graphical diagram based on the circuit diagrams of relay logic hardware. It is primarily used to develop software for programmable logic controllers used in industrial control applications...
  
  
• Lagoona
• LANSA
• Lasso
• LaTeX
  LaTeX
  LaTeX is a document markup language and document preparation system for the TeX typesetting program. Within the typesetting system, its name is styled as . The term LaTeX refers only to the language in which documents are written, not to the editor used to write those documents. In order to...
  
  
• Lava
• LC-3
  LC-3
  Little Computer 3, or LC-3, is a type of computer educational programming language, an assembly language, which is a type of low-level programming language. It features a relatively simple instruction set, but can be used to write moderately complex assembly programs, and is a theoretically viable...
  
  
• Leadwerks Script
  Leadwerks Engine
  The Leadwerks Engine is a 3D game engine powered by OpenGL 2.1. It was designed by Leadwerks Software. Leadwerks Engine 2.0 made its debut in The Game Creators May Newsletter on May 1, 2008. The engine makes use of the Newton Game Dynamics SDK 2.0 for physics, and OpenAL and EAX for sound and 3D...
  
  

• Leda
• Legoscript
  Lego Mindstorms
  The LEGO Mindstorm series of kits contain software and hardware to create small, customizable and programmable robots. They include a programmable 'Brick' computer that controls the system, a set of modular sensors and motors, and LEGO parts from the Technics line to create the mechanical...
  
  

• LilyPond
• Limbo
• Limnor
  Limnor
  Limnor is a generic-purpose codeless and visual programming system. The aim is to enable users to create computer software without directly coding in a texture programming language. It can be extended by software developers.- Vision :...
  
  
• LINC
  LINC
  The LINC was a 12-bit, 2048-word computer. The LINC can be considered the first minicomputer and a forerunner to the personal computer....
  
  
• Lingo
• Linoleum
  Linoleum (programming language)
  The L.in.oleum is an unstructured, untyped, procedural programming language and a cross-platform assembler developed by Italian programmer Alessandro Ghignola beginning in 2001. The initials stand for Low-level INterfaced OverLanguage for Extremely Universal Machine-coding...
  
  
• LIS
  LIS (programming language)
  LIS was a system implementation programming language designed by Jean Ichbiah, who later designed Ada....
  
  
• LISA
  Language for Instruction Set Architecture
  LISA is a Language targeting the description of Instruction Set Architecture. The aim is to capture all the information required to generate software tools and implementation hardware of a given processor core.LISA is not focused on the modeling of other on-chip components around the processor...
  
  
• Lisaac
  Lisaac
  Lisaac is a compiled object-oriented programming language based on prototype concepts, with system programming facilities and design by contract....
  
  
• Lisp - ISO/IEC 13816
• Lite-C
  Lite-c
  Lite-C is a programming language for multimedia applications and personal computer games, using a syntax subset of the C language with some elements of the C++ language. Its main difference to C is the native implementation of multimedia and computer game related objects like sounds, images,...
  
   Lite-c
• Lithe
• Little b
  Little b (programming language)
  Little b is a domain-specific programming language, more specifically, a modeling language, designed to build modular mathematical models of biological systems. It was designed and authored by Aneil Mallavarapu...
  
  

• Logo
  Logo (programming language)
  Logo is a multi-paradigm computer programming language used in education. It is an adaptation and dialect of the Lisp language; some have called it Lisp without the parentheses. It was originally conceived and written as functional programming language, and drove a mechanical turtle as an output...
  
  
• Logtalk
  Logtalk
  Logtalk is an object-oriented logic programming language that extends the Prolog language with a feature set suitable for programming in the large. It provides support for encapsulation and data hiding, separation of concerns and enhanced code reuse...
  
  

• LPC
• LSE
  LSE (programming language)
  LSE is a programming language developed at Supélec in the late 1970s/early 1980s. It is similar to the BASIC, except with French-language instead of English-language keywords. It was derived from an earlier language called LSD, also developed at Supélec...
  
  
• LSL
  Linden Scripting Language
  Linden Scripting Language, or LSL, is the programming language used by residents of Second Life, a virtual world by Linden Lab.LSL has a syntax similar to C and allows objects to control the behavior of in-world objects of Second Life from the Internet via email, XML-RPC, and most recently, HTTP...
  
  
• Lua
• Lucid
• Lustre
• LYaPAS
  LYaPAS
  LYaPAS is a programming language created in the Soviet Union in 1964 by Arkady D.Zakrevskij of the Laboratory of System Programming and Logical Synthesis of the BSSR Academy of Sciences.LYaPAS is an extension to APL, and was initially designed to program the URAL-1 computer...
  
  
• Lynx

M

• M
  M (programming language)
  M is a programming language developed by Microsoft. The language is designed specifically for building textual domain-specific languages and software models with XAML....
  
  
• M2001
  M2001
  M2001 is a modular educational mathematical programming language for developing and presenting mathematical algorithms, from the modern discrete to the classical continuous mathematics...
  
  
• M4
  M4 (computer language)
  m4 is a general purpose macro processor designed by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie. m4 is an extension of an earlier macro processor m3, written by Ritchie for the AP-3 minicomputer.-Use:...
  
  
• Machine code
  Machine code
  Machine code or machine language is a system of impartible instructions executed directly by a computer's central processing unit. Each instruction performs a very specific task, typically either an operation on a unit of data Machine code or machine language is a system of impartible instructions...
  
  

• MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder)
• MAD/I
• Magik
• Magma
  Magma computer algebra system
  Magma is a computer algebra system designed to solve problems in algebra, number theory, geometry and combinatorics. It is named after the algebraic structure magma...
  
  
• make

• Maple
  Maple (software)
  Maple is a general-purpose commercial computer algebra system. It was first developed in 1980 by the Symbolic Computation Group at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada....
  
  
• MAPPER
  MAPPER
  MAPPER is a database management and reporting system that includes the world's first 4GL. Developed in-house by the UNIVAC Division of Sperry Corporation, MAPPER's heritage dates back to the 1960s when Louis Schlueter conceived the CRT RPS as a means to help Sperry/Univac manage...
  
   (Unisys/Sperry
  Unisys
  Unisys Corporation , headquartered in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, United States, and incorporated in Delaware, is a long established business whose core products now involves computing and networking.-History:...
  
  ) now part of BIS
• MARK-IV (Sterling/Informatics
  Sterling Software
  Sterling Software was an American software company founded in Dallas, Texas in 1981 by Sterling Williams and brothers Sam and Charles Wyly. The company was acquired by Computer Associates International in 2000 in a stock-for-stock transaction worth $3.3 billion.Computer Associates sold Sterling...
  
  ) now VISION:BUILDER of CA
• Mary
• MASM Microsoft Assembly x86
  Microsoft Macro Assembler
  The Microsoft Macro Assembler is an x86 assembler that uses the Intel syntax for Microsoft Windows. there was a version of the Microsoft Macro Assembler for 16-bit and 32-bit assembly sources, MASM, and a different one, ML64, for 64-bit sources only...
  
  
• Mathematica
  Mathematica
  Mathematica is a computational software program used in scientific, engineering, and mathematical fields and other areas of technical computing...
  
  
• MATLAB
  MATLAB
  MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. Developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages,...
  
  
• Maxima (see also Macsyma
  Macsyma
  Macsyma is a computer algebra system that was originally developed from 1968 to 1982 at MIT as part of Project MAC and later marketed commercially...
  
  )

• MaxScript internal language 3D Studio Max
• Maya (MEL)
  Maya Embedded Language
  The Maya Embedded Language is a scripting language used to simplify tasks in Autodesk's 3D Graphics Software Maya. Most tasks that can be achieved through Maya's GUI can be achieved with MEL, as well as certain tasks that are not available from the GUI...
  
  
• MDL
• Mercury
• Mesa
• Metacard
  MetaCard
  MetaCard was a cross-platform, commercial GUI toolkit. MetaCard included an IDE and had its own language, MetaTalk. From the MetaCard Corporation website: "The MetaTalk language has all the features common to third-generation languages like C/C++/Java but has a much simpler syntax."All the Metacard...
  
  
• Metafont
  METAFONT
  Metafont is a programming language used to define vector fonts. It is also the name of the interpreter that executes Metafont code, generating the bitmap fonts that can be embedded into e.g. PostScript...
  
  
• MetaL
  MetaL (programming language)
  The Meta-programming Language is a programming language designed for meta-programming. Meta-programming is a method for developing computer programs. It works by generating source code in a target language from a program specification in a higher level language...
  
  
• Microcode
  Microassembler
  A microassembler is a computer program that helps prepare a microprogram to control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way an assembler helps prepare higher level code for a processor. The difference is that the microprogram is usually only developed by the processor...
  
  
• MicroScript
• MIIS
• MillScript
  MillScript
  MillScript is a computer programming language for the batch production of templated Web sites. The language is a Java-based, early implementation of Spice, an experimental language developed by the OpenSpice group....
  
  
• MIMIC
  MIMIC
  This article is about the programming language. For the vaccine development tool, see MIMIC .MIMIC, known in capitalized form only, is a former simulation computer language developed 1964 by H. E. Petersen, F. J. Sansom and L. M. Warshawsky of Systems Engineering Group within the Air Force...
  
  
• Mirah
  Mirah (programming language)
  Mirah is a programming language based on Ruby syntax, local type inference, hybrid static/dynamic type system, and a pluggable compiler toolchain...
  
  
• Miranda
• MIVA Script
• ML

• Moby
• Model 204
  Model 204
  Model 204 is a Database management system for IBM and compatible mainframes, which was first deployed in 1972. It incorporates a programming language and an environment for application development. It can deal with very large databases and very high transaction loads.Model 204 relies on its own...
  
  
• Modelica
  Modelica
  Modelica is an object-oriented, declarative, multi-domain modeling language for component-oriented modeling of complex systems, e.g., systems containing mechanical, electrical, electronic, hydraulic, thermal, control, electric power or process-oriented subcomponents.The free Modelica languageis...
  
  
• Modula
  Modula
  The Modula programming language is a descendent of the Pascal programming language. It was developed in Switzerland in the late 1970s by Niklaus Wirth, the same person who designed Pascal...
  
  
• Modula-2
  Modula-2
  Modula-2 is a computer programming language designed and developed between 1977 and 1980 by Niklaus Wirth at ETH Zurich as a revision of Pascal to serve as the sole programming language for the operating system and application software for the personal workstation Lilith...
  
  
• Modula-3
  Modula-3
  In computer science, Modula-3 is a programming language conceived as a successor to an upgraded version of Modula-2 known as Modula-2+. While it has been influential in research circles it has not been adopted widely in industry...
  
  
• Mohol
• MOO
• Mortran
  Mortran
  Mortran is an extension of the Fortran programming language used for scientific computation. It introduces syntax changes, including the use of semicolons to end statements, in order to improve readability and flexibility...
  
  
• Mouse
  Mouse (programming language)
  The Mouse programming language is a small computer programming language developed by Dr. Peter Grogono in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was developed as an extension of an earlier language called MUSYS, which was used to control digital and analog devices in an electronic music studio.Mouse...
  
  
• MPD
• MSIL - deprecated name for CIL
  Common Intermediate Language
  Common Intermediate Language is the lowest-level human-readable programming language defined by the Common Language Infrastructure specification and is used by the .NET Framework and Mono...
  
  
• MSL

• MUMPS
  MUMPS
  MUMPS , or alternatively M, is a programming language created in the late 1960s, originally for use in the healthcare industry. It was designed for the production of multi-user database-driven applications...
  
  

N

• Napier88
  Napier88
  Napier88 is an orthogonally persistent programming language.Napier88 was designed and implemented at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. The primary designer was Ron Morrison, whose initial designs were extended and implemented by Fred Brown, Richard Connor, and Al Dearle...
  
  
• NASM
  NASM
  NASM can refer to:*National Academy of Sports Medicine*The Netwide Assembler, a free assembler for the X86 assembly language*National Air and Space Museum*National Association of Schools of Music...
  
  
• NATURAL
  NATURAL
  NATURAL is a fourth-generation programming language from Software AG. It is largely used for building databases output in plain text form, for example. * Hello World in NATURAL WRITE 'Hello World!' END...
  
  
• NEAT chipset
  NEAT chipset
  The NEAT chipset was a 3-chip chipset for IBM PC compatible computers. It was developed by Chips and Technologies.- History :...
  
  
• Neko
  Neko (programming language)
  Neko is a high-level dynamically typed programming language developed by Nicolas Cannasse as part of R&D efforts at Motion-Twin.-Concept:Neko has a compiler and a virtual machine with garbage collection. The compiler converts a source .neko file into a bytecode .n file that can be executed with the...
  
  
• Nemerle
• NESL
  NESL
  NESL is a parallel programming language developed at Carnegie Mellon by the SCandAL project and released in 1993. It integrates various ideas from parallel algorithms, and functional programming and array programming languages....
  
  

• Net.Data
  Net.Data
  Net.Data is a programming language by IBM used largely for database-backed web applications....
  
  
• NetLogo
  NetLogo
  NetLogo is a multi-agent programming language and integrated modeling environment.-About:NetLogo was designed in the spirit of the Logo programming language to be "low threshold and no ceiling," that is to enable easy entry by novices and yet meet the needs of high powered users. The NetLogo...
  
  
• NewLISP
  NewLISP
  newLISP is an open source scripting language in the Lisp family of programming languages developed by Lutz Mueller and released under the GNU General Public License.-History:newLISP originated in 1991 and was originally developed on a Sun-4 workstation...
  
  
• NEWP
  NEWP
  NEWP is a high-level programming language used on the Unisys MCP systems. The language is used to write the operating system and other system utilities, although it can also be used to write user software as well. Several constructs separate it from extended ALGOL on which it is based...
  
  
• Newspeak
  Newspeak (programming language)
  Newspeak is a programming language and platform in the tradition of Smalltalk and Self being developed by a team led by Gilad Bracha. The platform includes an IDE, a GUI library, and standard libraries. Starting in 2006, Cadence Design Systems funded its development and employed the main...
  
  
• NewtonScript
  NewtonScript
  NewtonScript is a prototype based programming language created to write programs for the Newton platform. It is heavily influenced by the Self computer language, but modified to be more suited to needs of mobile and embedded devices.- History :...
  
  
• NGL

• Nial
  Nial
  Nial is a high-level array programming language developed from about 1981 by Mike Jenkins of Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada....
  
  
• Nice
• Nickle
• NPL
  NORD Programming Language
  NPL was a programming language by the Norwegian minicomputer manufacturer Norsk Data. It shipped as a standard component of the operating system SINTRAN III....
  
  
• Not eXactly C
  Not eXactly C
  Not eXactly C, or NXC, is a high-level programming language for the Lego Mindstorms NXT. NXC, which is short for Not eXactly C, is based on Next Byte Codes, an assembly language. NXC has a syntax like C. The IDE for NXC is the Bricx Command Center....
  
   (NXC)
• Not Quite C (NQC)
• Nu
  Nu (programming language)
  Nu is an interpreted object-oriented programming language, with a Lisp-like syntax, created by Tim Burks as an alternative scripting language to program Mac OS X through its Cocoa application programming interface...
  
  
• NSIS
  Nullsoft Scriptable Install System
  Nullsoft Scriptable Install System is a script-driven Windows installation system with minimal overhead backed by Nullsoft, the creators of Winamp...
  
  

O

• o:XML
  O:XML
  o:XML is an open source, dynamically typed, general-purpose object-oriented programming language based on XML-syntax. It has threads, exception handling, regular expressions and namespaces. Additionally o:XML has an expression language very similar to XPath that allows functions to be invoked on...
  
  
• Oak
  Oak (programming language)
  Oak was a programming language created by James Gosling in 1991, initially for Sun Microsystems set-top box project. The language later evolved to become Java.The name Oak was used by Gosling after an oak tree that stood outside his office.-History:...
  
  
• Oberon
  Oberon (programming language)
  Oberon is a programming language created in 1986 by Professor Niklaus Wirth and his associates at ETH Zurich in Switzerland. It was developed as part of the implementation of the Oberon operating system...
  
  
• Object Lisp
  Object Lisp
  Object Lisp was a computer programming language, a dialect of the Lisp language. It was an object-oriented extension for the Lisp dialect Lisp Machine Lisp, designed by Lisp Machines, Inc...
  
  
• ObjectLOGO
  ObjectLOGO
  ObjectLOGO is a variant of the programming language Logo with object-oriented programming extensions. Lexical scope. Version 2.7 is sold by Digitool, Inc. It is no longer being developed or supported, and does not run on versions of the Mac operating system after version 7.5.-External links:* home...
  
  
• Object REXX
  Object REXX
  The Object REXX programming language is an object-oriented scripting language initially produced by IBM for OS/2. It is a follow-on to and a significant extension of the "Classic Rexx" language originally created for the CMS component of VM/SP and later ported to MVS, OS/2 and PC DOS.On October 12,...
  
  
• Object Pascal
  Object Pascal
  Object Pascal refers to a branch of object-oriented derivatives of Pascal, mostly known as the primary programming language of Embarcadero Delphi.-Early history at Apple:...
  
  
• Objective-C
  Objective-C
  Objective-C is a reflective, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.Today, it is used primarily on Apple's Mac OS X and iOS: two environments derived from the OpenStep standard, though not compliant with it...
  
  
• Objective Caml
  Objective Caml
  OCaml , originally known as Objective Caml, is the main implementation of the Caml programming language, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy and others in 1996...
  
  
• Objective-J
  Objective-J
  Objective-J is a programming language developed as part of the Cappuccino web development framework. Its syntax is nearly identical to the Objective-C syntax and it shares with JavaScript the same relationship that Objective-C has with the C programming language: that of being a strict, but small,...
  
  

• Obliq
• Obol
  Obol (programming language)
  Obol is a high-level security protocol programming language at the Computer Science department of the University of Tromsø.It is essentially executable BAN logic, i.e...
  
  
• occam
  Occam (programming language)
  occam is a concurrent programming language that builds on the Communicating Sequential Processes process algebra, and shares many of its features. It is named after William of Ockham of Occam's Razor fame....
  
  
• occam-π
• Octave
  GNU Octave
  GNU Octave is a high-level language, primarily intended for numerical computations. It provides a convenient command-line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with MATLAB...
  
  
• OmniMark
  OmniMark
  OmniMark is a fourth-generation programming language used mostly in the publishing industry. It is a proprietary software product of Stilo International.-Usage:...
  
  
• Onyx
• Opa
  Opa (programming language)
  Opa is an open source programming language for web applications.The language was first officially presented at the OWASP conference in 2010, and the source code was released onGitHubin June 2011, under a GNU Affero General Public License....
  
  
• Opal
• OpenEdge ABL
• OPL
  Open programming language
  The Open Programming Language is an embedded programming language for portable devices that run the Symbian Operating System, which can be found on e.g. the Nokia 9200, 9300 and 9500 Communicator series mobile telephone/personal digital assistant and the Sony Ericsson P800, P900, P910 series...
  
  

• OPS5
  OPS5
  OPS5 is a rule-based or production system computer language, notable as the first such language to be used in a successful expert system, the R1/XCON system used to configure VAX computers....
  
  
• OptimJ
  OptimJ
  OptimJ is an extension of the Java with language support for writing optimization models and abstractions for bulk data processing. OptimJ aims at providing a clear and concise algebraic notation for optimization modeling, removing compatibility barriers between optimization modeling and...
  
  
• Orc
  Orc (programming language)
  Orc is a concurrent, nondeterministic computer programming language created by Jayadev Misra at the University of Texas at Austin. It's based on a Kleene algebra model.-Bibliography:...
  
  
• ORCA/Modula-2
  ORCA/Modula-2
  ORCA/Modula-2 is a Modula-2 compiler written in the Modula-2 programming language for the Apple IIGS computer.It was developed by Peter Easdown during 1993-1994 and published by The Byte Works...
  
  
• Orwell
  Orwell (programming language)
  Orwell is a small lazy functional programming language first released in 1984 by Philip Wadler. Developed as a free alternative to Miranda, it was a forerunner of Haskell. It was one of the first programming languages to support list comprehensions and pattern matching.The name is a tribute to...
  
  
• Oxygene
• Oz
  Oz (programming language)
  Oz is a multiparadigm programming language, developed in the Programming Systems Lab at Université catholique de Louvain, for programming language education. It has a canonical textbook: Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming....
  
  

P

• P#
  P sharp
  P# is a Prolog interpreter written for the Common Language Infrastructure.Features:* Languages extensions allow concurrency in Prolog.* Prolog programs can create any .NET object.* Compatible with Microsoft .NET Framework and Mono.-External links:* *...
  
  
• PARI/GP
  PARI/GP
  PARI/GP is a computer algebra system with the main aim of facilitating number theory computations. It is free software; versions 2.1.0 and higher are distributed under the GNU General Public License...
  
  
• Pascal
  Pascal (programming language)
  Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968/9 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring.A derivative known as Object Pascal...
  
   - ISO 7185
• Pawn

• PCASTL
  PCASTL
  The PCASTL is an interpreted high-level programming language. It was created in 2008 by Philippe Choquette. The PCASTL is designed to ease the writing of self-modifying code...
  
  
• PCF
  Programming language for Computable Functions
  In computer science, Programming Computable Functions,"PCF is a programming language for computable functions, based on LCF, Scott’s logic of computable functions" . Programming Computable Functions is used by . It is also referred to as Programming with Computable Functions or Programming language...
  
  
• PEARL
• PeopleCode
  PeopleCode
  PeopleCode is an object-oriented proprietary language used to express business logic for PeopleSoft applications. In its fundamentals, PeopleCode syntax resembles other programming languages. Some aspects of the PeopleCode language, however, are specifically related to the PeopleTools environment...
  
  
• Perl
  Perl
  Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular...
  
  
• PDL
  Perl Data Language
  PDL is a set of array programming extensions to the Perl programming language.PDL is an extension to Perl v5, intended for scientific and other data intensive programming tasks...
  
  
• PHP
  PHP
  PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document...
  
  
• Phrogram
• Pico
• Pict
• Pike
• PIKT
  PIKT
  PIKT is cross-categorical, multi-purpose software for global-view, site-at-a-time system and network administration. Applicability includes system monitoring, configuration management, server and network administration, system security, and many other uses....
  
  
• PILOT
  PILOT
  Programmed Instruction, Learning, Or Teaching is a simle historic programming language developed in the 1960s.Like its younger sibling LOGO programming language, it was an early foray into the technology of computer assisted instruction ....
  
  
• Pizza

• PL-11
  PL-11
  PL-11 is a high-level machine-oriented programming language for the PDP-11, developed by R.D. Russell of CERN in 1971. Written in Fortran IV, it is similar to PL360 and is cross-compiled on other machines....
  
  
• PL/0
  PL/0
  At least two programming languages are known as PL/0. One is a subset of IBM's general-purpose programming language PL/I.The other PL/0, covered here, is similar to but much simpler than the general-purpose programming language Pascal, intended as an educational programming language. It serves as...
  
  
• PL/B
  Programming Language for Business
  Programming Language for Business or PL/B is a business-oriented programming language originally called DATABUS and designed by Datapoint in the early 1970s as an alternative to COBOL because its 8-bit computers could not fit COBOL into their limited memory, and because COBOL did not at the time...
  
  
• PL/C
  PL/C
  PL/C is a computer programming language developed at Cornell University with the specific goal of being used for teaching programming. It is based on IBM's PL/I language, and was designed in the early 1970s. Cornell also developed a compiler for the language that was based on its earlier CUPL...
  
  
• PL/I
  PL/I
  PL/I is a procedural, imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, business and systems programming applications...
  
   - ISO 6160
• PL/M
  PL/M
  The PL/M programming languageis a high-level language developed byGary Kildall in 1972 for Intel for its microprocessors....
  
  
• PL/P
  PL/P
  The PL/P programming language is a medium-level language developed by Prime Computer to serve as their second primary operating system programming language after Fortran IV....
  
  
• PL/SQL
  PL/SQL
  PL/SQL is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension language for SQL and the Oracle relational database...
  
  
• PL360
  PL360
  PL360 is a programming language designed by Niklaus Wirth for the IBM System/360 computer. It provides facilities for specifying exact machine language instructions and registers similar to assembly language, but also provides features commonly found in high-level languages, such as complex...
  
  
• PLANC
  PLANC
  PLANC is a high level computer programming language. The acronym stands for Programming LAnguage for Nd Computers.Compilers were developed by Norsk Data for several architectures, including the Motorola 68000, 88000, x86, and the Norsk Data NORD-10 minicomputer architecture and ND-500 supermini.The...
  
  
• Plankalkül
  Plankalkül
  Plankalkül is a computer language designed for engineering purposes by Konrad Zuse between 1943 and 1945. It was the first high-level non-von Neumann programming language to be designed for a computer. Also, notes survive with scribblings about such a plan calculation dating back to 1941...
  
  
• PLEX
  PLEX (programming language)
  PLEX is a special-purpose, pseudo-parallel and event-driven real-time programming language. Dedicated for AXE telephone exchanges, it was developed by Göran Hemdahl at Ericsson. Originally designed in the 1970s, it has been continuously evolving since then...
  
  
• PLEXIL
  PLEXIL
  PLEXIL is an open source technology for automation, created and currently in development by NASA.-Overview:PLEXIL is a programming language for representing plans for automation....
  
  
• Plus
  Plus (programming language)
  Plus is a "Pascal-like" system implementation language from the University of British Columbia , Canada, based on the SUE system language developed at the University of Toronto, circa 1971.- Description :...
  
  
• POP-11
  POP-11
  POP-11 is a reflective, incrementally compiled programming language with many of the features of an interpreted language. It is the core language of the Poplog programming environment developed originally by the University of Sussex, and recently in the at the...
  
  

• PostScript
  PostScript
  PostScript is a dynamically typed concatenative programming language created by John Warnock and Charles Geschke in 1982. It is best known for its use as a page description language in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. Adobe PostScript 3 is also the worldwide printing and imaging...
  
  
• PortablE
• Powerhouse
• PowerBuilder
  PowerBuilder
  PowerBuilder is an integrated development environment owned by Sybase, a division of SAP. It has been in use since 1991, peaking around 1998 with around 100,000 users....
  
   - 4GL GUI appl. generator from Sybase
• PPL
  Polymorphic Programming Language
  The Polymorphic Programming Language was developed in 1969 at Harvard University by Thomas A. Standish. It is an interactive, extensible language with a base language similar to APL....
  
  
• Processing
  Processing (programming language)
  Processing is an open source programming language and integrated development environment built for the electronic arts and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching the basics of computer programming in a visual context, and to serve as the foundation for electronic sketchbooks...
  
  
• Prograph
  Prograph
  Prograph is a visual, object-oriented, dataflow, multiparadigm programming language that uses iconic symbols to represent actions to be taken on data. Commercial Prograph software development environments such as Prograph Classic and Prograph CPX were available for the Apple Macintosh and Windows...
  
  
• PROIV
• Prolog
  Prolog
  Prolog is a general purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is declarative: the program logic is expressed in terms of...
  
  
• Visual Prolog
  Visual Prolog
  Visual Prolog, also formerly known as PDC Prolog and Turbo Prolog, is a strongly typed object-oriented extension of Prolog. As Turbo Prolog it was marketed by Borland, but it is now developed and marketed by the Danish firm Prolog Development Center that originally developed it...
  
  
• Promela
  Promela
  PROMELA is a verification modeling language. The language allows for the dynamic creation of concurrent processes to model, for example, distributed systems. In PROMELA models, communication via message channels can be defined to be synchronous , or asynchronous...
  
  
• PROTEL
  Protel
  Protel stands for "Procedure Oriented Type Enforcing Language". It is a programming language created by Nortel Networks and used on telecommunications switching systems such as the DMS-100. Protel-2 is the object-oriented version of Protel. References: =...
  
  
• ProvideX
  ProvideX
  ProvideX is a computer language and development environment derived from Business Basic in the mid-1980s....
  
  
• Pro*C
• Pure
  Pure (programming language)
  Pure is a dynamically typed, functional programming language based on term rewriting. It has facilities for user-defined operator syntax, macros, multiple-precision numbers, and compilation to native code through the LLVM...
  
  

• Python
  Python (programming language)
  Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to "[combine] remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive...
  
  

Q

• Q (equational programming language)
• Q (programming language from Kx Systems)
  Q (programming language from Kx Systems)
  Q is a proprietary array processing language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by Kx Systems. The language serves as the query language for kdb+, a disk based and in-memory, column-based database. kdb+ is based upon K, a terse variant of APL...
  
  

• Qi
  Qi (programming language)
  Qi is a functional programming language developed by Dr Mark Tarver and introduced in April 2005. A new version was reimplemented and issued as Qi II in November 2008. The first version was free software, licensed under GPL...
  
  

• QtScript

• QuakeC
  QuakeC
  QuakeC is an interpreted language developed in 1996 by John Carmack of id Software to program parts of the computer game Quake. Using QuakeC, a programmer is able to customize Quake to great extents by adding weapons, changing game logic and physics, and programming complex scenarios...
  
  
• QPL
  Quantum programming
  Quantum programming is a set of computer programming languages that allow the expression of quantum algorithms using high-level constructs. The point of quantum languages is not so much to provide a tool for programmers, but to provide tools for researchers to understand better how quantum...
  
  

R

• R
  R (programming language)
  R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. The R language is widely used among statisticians for developing statistical software, and R is widely used for statistical software development and data analysis....
  
  
• R++
  R++
  R++ is a rule-based programming language based on C++. The United States patent describes R++ as follows:The R++ extension permits rules to be defined as members of C++ classes...
  
  
• Racket
• RAPID
  RAPID
  RAPID is a high-level programming language used to control ABB industrial robots. RAPID was introduced along with S4 Control System in 1994 by ABB, superceeding the ARLA programming language.Features in the language include:* Routine parameters:...
  
  
• Rapira
  Rapira
  Rapira is an educational procedural programming language developed in the USSR and implemented on Agat computer, PDP-11 clones and Intel-8080/Z80 clones . It was an interpreted language with dynamic type system and high level constructions. The language originally had a Russian-based set of...
  
  
• Ratfiv
• Ratfor
  Ratfor
  Ratfor is a programming language implemented as a preprocessor for Fortran 66. It provided modern control structures, unavailable in Fortran 66, to replace GOTOs and statement numbers.- Features :...
  
  

• rc
  Rc
  rc is the command line interpreter for Version 10 Unix and Plan 9 from Bell Labs operating systems. It resembles the Bourne shell, but its syntax is somewhat simpler. It was created by Tom Duff, who is better known for an unusual C programming language construct called Duff's device.A port of the...
  
  
• REBOL
  REBOL
  REBOL is a cross-platform data exchange language and a multi-paradigm dynamic programming language originally designed by Carl Sassenrath for network communications and distributed computing. The language and its official implementation, which is a proprietary freely redistributable software are...
  
  
• Redcode
  Core War
  Core War is a programming game in which two or more battle programs compete for the control of the "Memory Array Redcode Simulator" virtual computer . These battle programs are written in an abstract assembly language called Redcode...
  
  
• REFAL
  Refal
  Refal "is a functional programming language oriented toward symbol manipulation", including "string processing, translation, [and] artificial intelligence". It is one of the oldest members of this family, first conceived in 1966 as a theoretical tool with the first implementation appearing in 1968...
  
  
• Reia
  Reia (programming language)
  Reia is a general-purpose concurrent object-oriented programming language for the Erlang virtual machine.Reia supports multiple programming paradigms including imperative, functional, declarative, object oriented, and concurrent. It uses the actor model for concurrency in a manner that works...
  
  
• Revolution
• rex
  Rex (language)
  rex is a functional programming language developed by Robert M. Keller for use in teaching functional programming to Harvey Mudd College students. The rex interpreter is written in Prolog.- Example :...
  
  
• REXX
  REXX
  REXX is an interpreted programming language that was developed at IBM. It is a structured high-level programming language that was designed to be both easy to learn and easy to read...
  
  

• Rlab
  Rlab
  Rlab is an interactive, interpreted numerical computation program and its core programming language, written by Ian Searle. Rlab is very high level and is intended to provide fast prototyping and program development, as well as easy data-visualization, and processing.Rlab was not designed as a...
  
  
• ROOP
• RPG
• RPL
• RSL
• RTL/2
  RTL/2
  RTL/2 was a high-level programming language developed at Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd by J.G.P. Barnes. It was originally used internally within ICI but was distributed by SPL International in 1974...
  
  
• Ruby
  Ruby (programming language)
  Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general-purpose object-oriented programming language that combines syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like features. Ruby originated in Japan during the mid-1990s and was first developed and designed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto...
  
  
• Rust
  Rust (programming language)
  Rust is an experimental, concurrent, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language developed by Mozilla Labs. It is designed to be practical, supporting pure-functional, concurrent-actor, imperative-procedural, and object-oriented styles....
  
  

S

• S
• S2
• S3
  S3 (programming language)
  S3 is a structured, imperative high-level computer programming language. It was developed by the UK company International Computers Limited for its 2900 Series mainframes. It is a system programming language based on ALGOL 68 but with data types and operators aligned to those offered by the 2900...
  
  
• S-Lang
• S-PLUS
  S-PLUS
  S-PLUS is a commercial implementation of the S programming language sold by TIBCO Software Inc..It features object-oriented programming capabilities and advanced analytical algorithms.-Historical timeline:...
  
  
• SA-C
  SA-C (programming language)
  Single Assignment C is a member of the C programming language family designed to be directly and intuitively translatable into circuits, including FPGAs. To ease translation, SA-C does not include pointers and arithmetics thereon...
  
  
• SabreTalk
  SabreTalk
  SabreTalk is a dialect of PL/I for the S/360 IBM mainframes running the TPF platform. SabreTalk was developed jointly by American Airlines, Eastern Air Lines and IBM....
  
  
• SAIL
• SALSA
• SAM76
  SAM76
  SAM76 is a macro programming language used from the late 1970s to the present 2007 initially ran on CP/M.The SAM76 language is a list and string processor designed for interactive and user-directed applications, including artificial intelligence programming, and permits high portability from...
  
  
• SAS
  SAS System
  SAS is an integrated system of software products provided by SAS Institute Inc. that enables programmers to perform:* retrieval, management, and mining* report writing and graphics* statistical analysis...
  
  
• SASL
• Sather
  Sather
  Sather is an object-oriented programming language. It originated circa 1990 at the International Computer Science Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, developed by an international team led by Steve Omohundro...
  
  
• Sawzall
  Sawzall (programming language)
  Sawzall is a procedural domain-specific programming language, used by Google to process large numbers of individual log records. Sawzall was first described in 2003, and the szl runtime was open-sourced in August 2010...
  
  
• SBL
  Superbase database
  Superbase is an end-user desktop database program that started on the Commodore PET and was ported from that to various operating systems over the course of more than 20 years...
  
  
• Scala
• Scheme
• Scilab
  Scilab
  Scilab is an open source, cross-platform numerical computational package and a high-level, numerically oriented programming language. Itcan be used for signal processing, statistical analysis, image enhancement, fluid dynamics simulations, numerical optimization, and modeling and simulation of...
  
  
• Scratch
• Script.NET
  Script.NET
  Script.NET or S# is a metaprogramming language that provides scripting functionality in Microsoft .NET applications, allowing runtime execution of custom functionality, similar to VBA in Microsoft Office applications. The syntax of Script.NET is similar to JavaScript. It is designed to be simple...
  
  

• Sed
  Sed
  sed is a Unix utility that parses text and implements a programming language which can apply transformations to such text. It reads input line by line , applying the operation which has been specified via the command line , and then outputs the line. It was developed from 1973 to 1974 as a Unix...
  
  
• Self
• SenseTalk
  SenseTalk
  SenseTalk is an English-like scripting language derived from the HyperTalk language used in HyperCard. SenseTalk was originally developed as the scripting language within the HyperSense multimedia authoring application on the NeXTStep and OpenStep platforms...
  
  
• SETL
  SETL
  SETL is a very-high level programming language based on the mathematical theory of sets. It was originally developed by Jack Schwartz at the NYU Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in the late 1960s....
  
  
• Shift Script
  Shift Script
  Shift Script is a small, rapid development programming language that can be both used for general programs, and computer games with the use of DirectX...
  
  
• SiMPLE
  SiMPLE
  SiMPLE is a programming development system that was created to provide easy programming capabilities for everybody, especially non-professionals.- History :...
  
  
• SIMPOL
• SIMSCRIPT
  SIMSCRIPT
  SIMSCRIPT is a free-form, English-like general-purpose simulation language conceived by Harry Markowitz and Bernard Hausner at the RAND Corporation in 1963. It was implemented as a Fortran preprocessor on the IBM 7090 and was designed for large discrete event simulations...
  
  
• Simula
  Simula
  Simula is a name for two programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard...
  
  
• Simulink
  Simulink
  Simulink, developed by MathWorks, is a commercial tool for modeling, simulating and analyzing multidomain dynamic systems. Its primary interface is a graphical block diagramming tool and a customizable set of block libraries. It offers tight integration with the rest of the MATLAB environment and...
  
  
• SISAL
  SISAL
  SISAL is a general-purpose single assignment functional programming language with strict semantics, implicit parallelism, and efficient array handling. SISAL outputs a dataflow graph in Intermediary Form 1...
  
  
• SLIP
• SMALL
  SMALL
  SMALL, Small Machine Algol Like Language, is a programming language developed by Dr. Nevil Brownlee of Auckland University.-History:The aim of the language was to enable people to write ALGOL-like code that ran on a small machine...
  
  

• Smalltalk
  Smalltalk
  Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language. Smalltalk was created as the language to underpin the "new world" of computing exemplified by "human–computer symbiosis." It was designed and created in part for educational use, more so for constructionist...
  
  
• Small Basic
  SmallBASIC
  SmallBASIC is a BASIC programming language dialect with interpreters released as free software under the GNU General Public License version 2.-Description:...
  
  
• SML
  Standard ML
  Standard ML is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. It is popular among compiler writers and programming language researchers, as well as in the development of theorem provers.SML is a modern descendant of the ML...
  
  
• SNOBOL
  SNOBOL
  SNOBOL is a generic name for the computer programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4...
  
  (SPITBOL
  SPITBOL compiler
  SPITBOL is a compiled implementation of the SNOBOL4 language. Originally targeted for the IBM System/360 and System/370 family of computers, it has now been ported to most major microprocessors including the SPARC...
  
  )
• Snowball
  Snowball programming language
  Snowball is a small string-handling programming language whose name was chosen as a tribute to the SNOBOL programming language, with which it shares the concept of string patterns delivering signals that are used to control the flow of the program....
  
  
• SOAP

• SOL
• Span
• SPARK
• SPIN
  Parallax Propeller
  The Parallax P8X32A Propeller chip, introduced in 2006, is a multi-core architecture parallel microcontroller with eight 32-bit RISC CPU cores....
  
  
• SP/k
  SP/k
  SP/k is a programming language developed circa 1974 by R.C. Holt, D.B. Wortman, D.T. Barnard and J.R. Cordy as a subset of the PL/I programming language designed for teaching programming...
  
  
• SPS

• Squeak
  Squeak
  The Squeak programming language is a Smalltalk implementation. It is object-oriented, class-based and reflective.It was derived directly from Smalltalk-80 by a group at Apple Computer that included some of the original Smalltalk-80 developers...
  
  
• Squirrel
• SR
• S/SL
  S/SL programming language
  The Syntax/Semantic Language is an executable high level specification language for recursive descent parsers, semantic analyzers and code generators developed by James Cordy, Ric Holt and David Wortman at the University of Toronto in 1980....
  
  
• Strand
  Strand (programming language)
  Strand is a high-level symbolic language for parallel computing, similar in syntax to Prolog.Artificial Intelligence Ltd were awarded the British Computer Society for Strand88.The language was created by computer scientists Ian Foster and Stephen Taylor....
  
  
• STATA
  Stata
  Stata is a general-purpose statistical software package created in 1985 by StataCorp. It is used by many businesses and academic institutions around the world...
  
  
• Stateflow
  Stateflow
  Stateflow, developed by MathWorks, is a control logic tool used to model reactive systems via state charts and flow diagrams within a Simulink model...
  
  
• Subtext
• Suneido
  Suneido programming language
  Suneido is an interpreted, interactive programming language for Microsoft Windows first released in 2000. It is fully dynamically typed and uses automatic memory management; it is thus similar to Python, Tcl, Perl, Scheme, and Ruby. Suneido is developed as an open source project...
  
  
• SuperCollider
  Supercollider
  A Supercollider is a high energy particle accelerator. The term may refer to:* Superconducting Super Collider, planned 80 km project in Texas, canceled in 1993...
  
  
• SuperTalk
  SuperTalk
  For the American radio station, see Supertalk Mississippi.SuperTalk is the scripting language used in SuperCard. SuperTalk is a descendant of HyperTalk.-Additional syntax:...
  
  
• SYMPL
  SYMPL
  SYMPL was a programming language developed by the Control Data Corporation for use on the CDC 6000 series computer systems in the 1970s and 1980s. It was based on a subset of CDCs version of JOVIAL, as an alternative to assembly language...
  
  
• SyncCharts
  SyncCharts
  SyncCharts is a graphical formalism dedicated to reactive system modeling. It allows specifying the reactive behavior, and the synchronous programming, of applications. SyncCharts is the name of the model. A syncChart is an instance. This language was created by Prof...
  
  
• SystemVerilog
  SystemVerilog
  In the semiconductor and electronic design industry, SystemVerilog is a combined Hardware Description Language and Hardware Verification Language based on extensions to Verilog.-History:...
  
  

T

• T
• TACL
  TACL
  TACL is the scripting programming language used in Tandem Computers. TACL is the shell.Tandem Computers were originally designed and sold by Tandem Computers, Inc., based in Cupertino, CA. These were the first commercially available parallel processing computers, originally referred to as...
  
  
• TACPOL
• TADS
  TADS
  Text Adventure Development System is a prototype-based domain-specific programming language and set of standard libraries for creating interactive fiction games.-History:...
  
  
• TAL
  Transaction Application Language
  Transaction Application Language or TAL is a block-structured, procedural language optimized for use on Tandem hardware. TAL resembles a cross between C and Pascal...
  
  
• Tcl
  Tcl
  Tcl is a scripting language created by John Ousterhout. Originally "born out of frustration", according to the author, with programmers devising their own languages intended to be embedded into applications, Tcl gained acceptance on its own...
  
  
• Tea
• TECO
  Text Editor and Corrector
  TECO is a text editor originally developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1960s, after which it was modified by 'just about everybody'...
  
  

• TELCOMP
  TELCOMP
  TELCOMP was a programming language developed at Bolt, Beranek and Newman in about 1965 and in use until at least 1974.It was an interactive, conversational language based on JOSS, developed by BBN after Cliff Shaw from RAND visited the labs in 1964 as part of the NIH survey...
  
  
• TeX
  TeX
  TeX is a typesetting system designed and mostly written by Donald Knuth and released in 1978. Within the typesetting system, its name is formatted as ....
  
  
• TEX
  Text Executive Programming Language
  In 1979, Honeywell Information Systems announced a new programming language for their time-sharing service named TEX, an acronym for the Text Executive processor...
  
  

• TIE
  Tensilica Instruction Extension
  Tensilica Instruction Extension refers to the proprietary language that is used to customize the Xtensa processor core architecture.By using TIE, the user can customize the Xtensa architecture by adding custom instructions and register files, instantiating TIE Ports and Queues for multiprocessor...
  
  

• Timber
  Timber (programming language)
  Timber is a functional programming language descendant from O'Haskell, targeted at embedded real-time systems.-External links:*...
  
  
• Tom
  Tom (pattern matching language)
  Tom is a programming language particularly well-suited for programming various transformations on tree structures and XML based documents. Tom is a language extension which adds new matching primitives to C and Java as well as support for rewrite rules systems...
  
  
• TOM
  TOM (object-oriented programming language)
  TOM was an object-oriented programming language developed in the 1990s that built on the lessons learned from Objective-C. The main purpose of TOM was to allow for "unplanned reuse" of code via a well-developed extension mechanism...
  
  

• Topspeed
• TPU
  Text Processing Utility
  DEC Text Processing Utility was a language developed by Digital Equipment Corporation for developing text editors. In 1986, DEC developed a new version of EDT written in DECTPU. DECTPU is distributed with OpenVMS...
  
  
• Trac
• T-SQL
  Transact-SQL
  Transact-SQL is Microsoft's and Sybase's proprietary extension to SQL. SQL, often expanded to Structured Query Language, is a standardized computer language that was originally developed by IBM for querying, altering and defining relational databases, using declarative statements...
  
  
• TTCN
  TTCN
  TTCN is a programming language used for testing of communication protocols and web services. A TTCN test suite consists of many test cases written in the TTCN programming language....
  
  

• Turing
• TUTOR
• TXL
  TXL (programming language)
  TXL is a special-purpose programming language originally designed by Charles Halpern-Hamu and James Cordy at the University of Toronto in 1985. The acronym "TXL" originally stood for "Turing eXtender Language" after the language's original purpose, the specification and rapid prototyping of...
  
  

U

• Ubercode
  Ubercode
  Ubercode is a high level programming language designed by and released in 2005 for Microsoft Windows. Ubercode is influenced by the Eiffel and BASIC...
  
  
• Unicon

• Uniface
  Uniface (programming language)
  Uniface is a development and deployment platform for enterprise applications that can run in a large range of runtime environments, including mobile, mainframe, web, Service-oriented architecture , Windows, Java EE and .NET. It has been described as a 4GL RDBMS Rapid Application Development ...
  
  
• UNITY
  UNITY (programming language)
  UNITY is a programming language that was constructed by K. Mani Chandy and Jayadev Misra for their book Parallel Program Design: A Foundation. It is a rather theoretical language, which tries to focus on what, instead of where, when or how. The peculiar thing about the language is that it has no...
  
  

• Unix shell
  Unix shell
  A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a traditional user interface for the Unix operating system and for Unix-like systems...
  
  

• UnrealScript
  UnrealScript
  UnrealScript is the scripting language of the Unreal Engine and is used for authoring game code and gameplay events....
  
  

V

• Vala
  Vala (programming language)
  Vala is a programming language created with the goal of bringing modern language features to C, with no added runtime needs and with little overhead, by targeting the GObject object system. It is being developed by Jürg Billeter and Raffaele Sandrini. The syntax borrows heavily from C#...
  
  
• VBA
  Visual Basic for Applications
  Visual Basic for Applications is an implementation of Microsoft's event-driven programming language Visual Basic 6 and its associated integrated development environment , which are built into most Microsoft Office applications...
  
  
• VBScript
  VBScript
  VBScript is an Active Scripting language developed by Microsoft that is modeled on Visual Basic. It is designed as a “lightweight” language with a fast interpreter for use in a wide variety of Microsoft environments...
  
  
• Verilog
  Verilog
  In the semiconductor and electronic design industry, Verilog is a hardware description language used to model electronic systems. Verilog HDL, not to be confused with VHDL , is most commonly used in the design, verification, and implementation of digital logic chips at the register-transfer level...
  
  
• VHDL
• Visual Basic
  Visual Basic
  Visual Basic is the third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment from Microsoft for its COM programming model...
  
  

• Visual Basic .NET
  Visual Basic .NET
  Visual Basic .NET , is an object-oriented computer programming language that can be viewed as an evolution of the classic Visual Basic , which is implemented on the .NET Framework...
  
  
• Visual C++
  Visual C++
  Microsoft Visual C++ is a commercial , integrated development environment product from Microsoft for the C, C++, and C++/CLI programming languages...
  
  
• Visual C++ .Net
• Visual C#
  Microsoft Visual C Sharp
  Microsoft Visual C# is Microsoft's implementation of the C# specification, included in the Microsoft Visual Studio suite of products. It is based on the ECMA/ISO specification of the C# language, which Microsoft also created. While multiple implementations of the specification exist, Visual C# is...
  
  
• Visual DataFlex
  Visual DataFlex
  Visual DataFlex is a 4GL windows programming language by Data Access, targeted at creating database and client-server type programs.- Architecture :Visual DataFlex has a 3-layer architecture:Bottom layer: At this level you have the database tables....
  
  
• Visual DialogScript
  Visual DialogScript
  Visual DialogScript is an interpreted programming language for Microsoft Windows. It can be used to create small, fast programs. VDS has a large number of dialog and graphical elements available to create professional looking programs...
  
  

• Visual FoxPro
  Visual FoxPro
  Visual FoxPro is a data-centric object-oriented and procedural programming language produced by Microsoft. It is derived from FoxPro which was developed by Fox Software beginning in 1984. Fox Technologies merged with Microsoft in 1992, after which the software acquired further features and the...
  
  
• Visual J++
  Visual J++
  Visual J++ was Microsoft's specific implementation of Java. Syntax, keywords, and grammatical conventions were the same as Java's. Microsoft discontinued support of J++ in January 2004, replacing it to a certain extent with J# and C#....
  
  
• Visual J#
• Visual Objects
  Visual Objects
  Visual Objects is an object-oriented computer programming language that is used to create software programs that operate primarily under Windows...
  
  
• VSXu
  Vsxu
  VSXu is an OpenGL-based , modular programming environment with its main purpose to visualize music and create 3D effects in real-time. Available for Windows and GNU/Linux. It is currently released as free software under terms of the GNU General Public License v2 and maintained by Vovoid Software...
  
  
• Vvvv
  Vvvv
  vvvv is a general purpose toolkit with a special focus on real time video synthesis and programming large media environments with physical interfaces, real-time motion graphics, audio and video...
  
  

W

• WATFIV, WATFOR

• WebQL
  WebQL
  WebQL is a software platform produced by QL2 Software, that is used to automate data integration and collection from unstructured and structured sources including the Web, PDF and Word documents, spreadsheets, email repositories, corporate data stores and more.WebQL has been on the market since...
  
  

• Winbatch
  Winbatch
  Winbatch is a Microsoft Windows scripting language developed by Wilson WindowWare. Its environment includes an interpreter and a code editor along with a dialog designer and optional compiler to create self-contained executables....
  
  

X

• X++
  Microsoft Dynamics AX
  is one of Microsoft’s enterprise resource planning software products. It is part of the Microsoft Dynamics family.-History:Microsoft Dynamics AX was originally developed as a collaboration between IBM and Damgaard as IBM Axapta. IBM returned all rights in the product to Damgaard shortly after the...
  
  
• X10
  X10 (programming language)
  X10 is a programming language being developed by IBM at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center as part of the Productive, Easy-to-use, Reliable Computing System project funded by DARPA's High Productivity Computing Systems program...
  
  
• XBL
  XBL
  XBL is an XML-based markup language used to declare the behavior and look of XUL-widgets and XML elements.XBL was developed by the Mozilla project for use in the Mozilla Application Suite; the language is not currently described by any formal standard and is thus proprietary to Mozilla, with the...
  
  

• XC
  XC Programming Language
  The XC Programming Language is a computer programming language developed by XMOS.XC is an imperative programming language with a computational framework based on C. XC programs consist of functions that execute statements that act upon values stored in variables...
  
   (exploits XMOS architecture
  XCore XS1
  The XCore XS1 is a 32-bit RISC microprocessor architecture designed by XMOS. The architecture is designed to be used for embedded systems, and instruction encoding is compact using 16 bits for frequently used instructions and 32 bits for less frequently used instructions .Almost all instructions...
  
  )
• xHarbour
  XHarbour
  xHarbour is a free multi-platform extended Clipper compiler, offering multiple graphic terminals , including console drivers, GUIs, and hybrid console/GUIs...
  
  
• XL

• XOTcl
  XOTcl
  XOTcl is an object-oriented extension for the Tool Command Language created by Gustaf Neumann and Uwe Zdun. It is an extension of the MIT OTcl. XOTcl supports metaclasses. Class and method definitions are completely dynamic...
  
  
• XPL
  XPL
  XPL is a dialect of the PL/I programming language, developed in 1967, used for the development of compilers for computer languages. It was designed and implemented by a team with , James J. Horning, and at Stanford University and the University of California, Santa Cruz...
  
  

• XPL0
  XPL0
  XPL0 is a computer programming language that is essentially a crossbetween Pascal and C. It was created in 1976 by Peter J. R. Boyle whowanted a high-level language for his microcomputer and wanted something...
  
  
• XQuery
  XQuery
  - Features :XQuery provides the means to extract and manipulate data from XML documents or any data source that can be viewed as XML, such as relational databases or office documents....
  
  
• XSB
  XSB
  XSB is the name of a dialect of the Prolog programming language and its implementation developed at Stony Brook University in collaboration with the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the New University of Lisbon, Uppsala University and software vendor XSB, Inc....
  
  
• XSLT
  XSL Transformations
  XSLT is a declarative, XML-based language used for the transformation of XML documents. The original document is not changed; rather, a new document is created based on the content of an existing one. The new document may be serialized by the processor in standard XML syntax or in another format,...
  
   - See XPath
  XPath
  XPath is a language for selecting nodes from an XML document. In addition, XPath may be used to compute values from the content of an XML document...
  
  

Y

• Yorick

• YQL
  YQL (programming language)
  YQL is an SQL-like language that lets you query, filter, and join data across web services. With YQL, apps run faster with fewer lines of code and a smaller network footprint....
  
  

• Yoix
  Yoix
  In computer programming, Yoix is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. The Yoix interpreter is implemented using standard Java technology without any add-on packages and requires only a Sun-compliant JVM to operate...
  
  

Z

• Z
• Z notation
  Z notation
  The Z notation , named after Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, is a formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems. It is targeted at the clear specification of computer programs and computer-based systems in general.-History:...
  
  

• Zeno
• ZOPL
  ZOPL
  ZOPL is a programming language created by Geac Computer Corporation in the early 1970s for use on their mainframe computer systems used in libraries and banking institutions...
  
  

• ZPL
• ZZT-oop
  ZZT-oop
  ZZT-oop was an early in-game scripting programming language, designed by Tim Sweeney, for his computer game ZZT. The name stands for ZZT Object Oriented Programming language. The name of the language is a play on ZZ Top, an American rock band.-Overview:...
  
  

See also

• Comparison of programming languages
  Comparison of programming languages
  Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine . Like natural languages, programming languages conform to rules for syntax and semantics.There are thousands of programming languages and new ones are created every year...
  
  
• Lists of programming languages
• Hello World in various programming languages
• List of BASIC dialects
• List of BASIC dialects by platform
• List of markup languages