Albano Laziale
Encyclopedia
Albano Laziale is a comune
in the province of Rome
, on the Alban Hills
, in Latium, central Italy
. It is also a suburb of Rome
, which is 25 km distant. It is bounded by other communes of Castel Gandolfo
, Rocca di Papa
, Ariccia
and Ardea
. Located in the Castelli Romani
area of Lazio. It is sometimes known simply as Albano.
Albano is one of the most important municipalities of the Castelli Romani, and a busy commercial center. It was also a suburbicarian bishopric since the 5th century, a historic principality
of the Savelli family, and from 1699 to 1798 the inalienable possession of the Holy See
. It now houses, among other things, the Praetor
of the district court of Velletri
. The territory of Albano is partially included in the Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani.
(112.21 km 2), Lanuvio
(43.91 2), Rocca di Papa
(40.18 2) Rocca Priora
( 28.07 km 2) and Marino
(26.10 2).
According to the classification given by the Geological Survey of Italy most of the territory is similar to other areas of the Colli Albani, from lands classified as v 2.
, while the remainder are in the Albanense territory. The lake basin is run by the province of Rome.
Some small streams, often dry, start from the north:
. From the hill, which houses a pine forest adjacent to the Capuchin
Monastery, there is a remarkable overview of Lake Albano, Agro Romano and Monte Cavo
.
The historic center of Albano has a maximum gradient of 11%, or 47 meters, 435, taking into consideration the distance between the Cathedral of San Pancrazio (384 m asl) and the St. Paul's Church (431 m asl). Other altitudes through the center of town are Villa Altieri, at kilometer 25 of the State Road 7 Via Appia (363 m asl) and the Church of Stella (391 m asl).
The hill town of Castel Savelli is 280 m above sea level, while the underlying fraction of Pavona
is built at 110 m above sea level
. The village of Cecchina at the railway station is located at 212 m above sea level.
with mild winters, with temperatures higher than those autumnal spring, summer breezes. In the area of Colli Albani, so even at Albano, presents the phenomenon called TSUE, which is the reduction of water vapor in the clouds as the ground rises. So there will be more rainfall on the foothills of the hills, facing the sea, south southwest, and to the north. Albano, lying on the trajectory of the current wet Tyrrhenian, is fairly rainy with 900–1000 mm annual precipitation. The winds blow mainly from the south and west, more rarely from the north and east.
Summer is hot and dry, with a mild and rainy winter with Snow quite rarely and only in the presence of a marked generalized cold. In summer, temperatures can reach 35 °C (95 °F) with peaks of 37 °C (99 °F) in rare cases. The temperature never reached 40 °C (104 °F).
was called Albanum: Albanum (Pompeians Domitiani, etc.).The estate of the wealthy Romans on the Colli Albani (Ager Albanus) and Castra Albana was the name of the camp built by Septimius Severus
, within the confines of the fund Albanum previously owned by Domitian
, to accommodate the Legio II Parthica
. This place-name hypothesis is considered the most reliable as the root of these ties in Indo-European
* alb / * alp indicating a high location, the Mons Albanus (now Monte Cavo) in this case, while it was the center of worship and common pasture (compascuo). Other assumptions, however, considered valid are the Latin place-name adjective albus (“white") or Greek αλαβα (“ash"). Etymologically proposed Albanum / Castra Albana is the same as being proposed for Alba Longa, whose location is not known with certainty, but placed in a medieval tradition of urban core areas of modern Albano Laziale . The second part of the Latium name of was used in 1873 to distinguish the city from Albano Sant'Alessandro
(Bergamo
), Albano Vercellese
(Vercelli
province) and Albano di Lucania
(Potenza
province).
.
Most modern historians seems inclined to place the site of Alba Longa in between the towns of Marino, Rocca di Papa and Ariccia on the eastern side of Lake Albano, which is opposite to the present city of Albano.
Albano is located in the area in which, according to the legend, Aeneas
's son, Ascanius
, founded Alba Longa
. Today the coat of arms of Albano still sport the white (Latin: Alba) boar dreamt by Ascanius before the founding of the city. Alba Longa was one of the main cities of the Latins
and, again according to the legend, the birthplace of Romulus and Remus
, the mythical founders of Rome
.
Albanense in the territory, were then subjected to a large extent the wealthy of Aricia, which built several suburban villas built by the leading exponents of the Roman nobility. Pompey
had a villa, the Albanum Pompeii, whose ruins have been found inside of the Villa Doria Pamphili. A villa belonging to the Seneca
would be identified within the ruins found on the south ridge of Lake Albano, bordering the town of Ariccia. All of these residences, at the time of Emperor Domitian were combined into a single fund owned by the Emperor's Albanum Cesaris, within which erected a monumental imperial residence, with the ruins mostly contained in the Villa Barberini at Castel Gandolfo.
The Emperor Septimius Severus
around 202 had installed in place of the old town of the Legio II Parthica
. Thus were born the Castra Albana, which were huge camps that remained in operation until the end of 3rd century. Albano developed from this settlement, as is shown by the main streets, which still follow the ancient decumanus and cardo
. Remains of the large baths built by Septimius' son, Caracalla
, are still visible.
, according to an established tradition, ordered the founding of the Albanense cathedral
dedicated to St. John the Baptist. According to sources, Constantine donated to the newly formed cathedral, various sacred vessels and several estates and funds in Ager Albanus. During the Gothic War, Albano was reduced from municipium to oppidulum, a small fortified city.
In 964, Emperor Otto I conferred the investiture at Albano to Virginia Savelli, his captain in Rome. Pope Paschal II in 1118 took refuge in Albano as a hostile insurgency occupied Rome, and found that Albanensi loyalty be granted perpetual exemption from taxes of milling wheat.
During the schism
of anti-pope Anacletus with Pope Innocent II in 1137 the anti-pope marched on Lazio Albano and other locations to extend its domain, but these territories were taken over by Innocent II. In the Year 1142, Albano was sacked by the Saracens.
After the Battle of Monte Porzio
, in 1168, the Roman people thought it well to take revenge on Albano, who had sided with the city 's Emperor Frederick Barbarossa against Rome, and so the town was looted and razed. Given the state of abandonment, Pope Innocent III gave the monastery of St. Paul Outside the Walls the Palatium with the churches of Santa Maria Minor and St. Nicholas and their dependencies. In 1436 it was razed along with Castel Savelli by Cardinal Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi, by order of Pope Eugenius IV. In 1697 Albano switched to direct control of the Holy See.
, where there was intense work on the reclamation of the Pontine Marshes
. The first route of the new "National Road" arrived to follow the Via Appia Antica, only to stray from the path along the ridge of ancient Vallericcia to arrive at Genzano
, avoiding the sharp uphill to reach Ariccia. Only with the construction of the Ariccia bridge under the pontificates of Pope Gregory XVI and Pius IX (1839–1849) will outline the current route of State Road 7 Via Appia. The opening of the new route of the Via Appia undoubted benefited Albano and locations along its course.
During the first French
occupation and the events tied to the French Revolution
in the Papal States
, on February 18, 1798 Albano, along with Frascati
, Velletri and later Marino, proclaimed itself a "sister republic" to the nascent Roman Republic. Following the uprising the Albanensi rebelled against the French, Albano was occupied and looted by the troops of Murat
. The following year, however, at Albano, installs Fra Diavolo
, commanding Neapolitan column.
With the motu proprio
of July 6, 1816, by Pope Pius VI elevated Albano back in the Papal States with the Restoration of the Government seat.
In 1870 Albano became part of the Kingdom of Italy
. It became the seat of the district court, by merging the offices of Marino.
On February 1, 1944 Allied bombing of Albano and Ariccia during World War II
, severely affected the city's historic center, among targets hit were the cloistered convent of Poor Clares of Piazza Pia and structures of the Porta Pretoria Castra Albana.
Immediately after the Second World War, the city began to rise again from the disasters caused by the dictatorship and bombs. The cultural and commercial life became more intense. In 1961 the two main secondary schools were founded and still have their headquarters in the city: the State High School Gymnasium Public Ugo Foscolo and the Professional Institute Nicola Garrone.
On the morning of Sunday September 21, 2008 Pope Benedict XVI traveled to Albano on a pastoral visit, starting from the Pontifical Villas of Castel Gandolfo, with the opportunity to re-consecrate the Basilica Cathedral of St. Pancras after the recent restorations of 2008. The Pope's visit to Albano public appearance will be his eighth visit to a diocese since the beginning of his pontificate.
The complex was the originally fortified Savelli palace, dates back to the 13th century. Portals in the fortification retain much historical and ornamental significance:
There are numerous towers or fortified houses spread over the hills of the countryside between Pavona and Cecchina:
In areas of modern urbanization, as the villages of Cecchina and Pavona but also much of the old town of Albano, the local dialect, however, is being supplanted by the Roman dialect, which becoming more and more prevalent.
Albano and fractions Cecchina and Pavona have numerous Catholic religious institutions:
In 1998, Albano established an ecumenical evangelical community, the result of the merger between the Evangelical Baptist Church with the local ecumenical group of Albano. The Albanense ecumenical Evangelical Community adheres to the ecumenical network of Castelli Romani and UCEBI (Baptist Union of Italy)
In 1728, Rose Venerini
, founded the Venerini Religious Teachers. In 1764 the Regular Poor Clerics of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools of the Nazarene College of Rome, commonly called the Piarist, took possession of the Palazzo Pamphili in Albano, who has since adopted the name of the palace of Nazareth College.
The city is home to many institutes of higher secondary education.
of Albano was created in 1628 by Cardinal Bishop Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia
, and remained open until 1921. It was reopened in 1949 in the vast complex located at the Church of St. Paul, as Interdiocesan Pontifical Seminary Pius XII.
Print
Currently, in addition to national newspapers, some local newspapers are available at Albano such as New Castle, and the free newspaper Five Days. Other local newspapers in the city are available free Backlight, The Voice, and Coffee.
During the 17th century the Savelli family put in place important works that changed the face of Albano: Borgo San Rocco, Piazza Pia, the churches Star of St. Mary and St. Bonaventure.
Finally, in 1780, Pope Pius VI ordered the rectification of the Appian Way in the stretch between Rome and Terracina
, bringing Albano at the center of the intense traffic that took place between Rome and Naples. During the pontificates of Pope Gregory XVI and Pope Pius XI the Ariccia bridgewas built, which is the current route of State Road 7 Via Appia. To improve traffic flow on this artery, several interventions were made: in 1908 the 18th-century Porta Romana with the adjacent Church of San Rocco was razed to allow the passage of the line of Tramway dei Castelli Romani, and after the Second World War was initiated, Piazza Giuseppe Mazzini on the ruins of bombed building in Villa Doria Pamphili.
At the turn of the last decades of the 19th century and early decades of the twentieth, were established the periphery of housing, Ferrajoli Villa, Villa Venosa, Villa Ada, and numerous cottages mostly civilians bordering Ariccia.
The 20th century expansion of Albano was conducted towards the Selvotta and towards the edge of the Parco Chigi of Ariccia, creating in that area once forested the populous district of Villa Ferrajoli and along the roads leading to Pavona, Cecchina, Vallericcia and Castel Savelli, in areas once used for orchards and vineyards, the populous districts of Miramare and Olivella were built. Most recent urbanization, however, still is the former terraced vineyards located in the area bordering the town of Castel Gandolfo
.
production, active primary importance in an area such as the Alban Hills
known for its wines since Roman times as the Castelli name of Albanum.
In 1995, at the Albano wholesale vegetable market sold 127,060 tons of vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, potatoes, onions, pomdori and salads) and 1932 tons of domestically sourced from abroad. Also 326,957 tons artichokes were sold, while 84,747 tons of fresh fruits (apples, pears, peaches, grapes) and 14,831 tons were sold, and finally 43,073 tons citrus
fruits were sold.
in the town of Albano was 475, one of the ten most massive concentration of industrial activity in the southern quadrant of the province of Rome.
There are no mining of minerals in the territory Albanense, but in Roman times, peperino
was mined and known as lapis Albanus, since this particular type of stone is found mainly on the shores of Lake Albano. Despite the historic city of Albano situated on a flow of lava stone, the extraction of this stone has never been a thriving, unlike what happened in neighboring Ariccia and Marino.
Finally, companies that operate in the construction industry were 209: this sector given the large urban expansion in Albano in recent decades has been steadily growing, as demonstrated by the data on the licensing of builders.
and 29 by the water of the Consortium of Simbrivio the following year, water consumption had risen to 146 liters per second and the extraction wells was increased to 116 liters. Since 2008 the water service is managed by the municipal company of the City of Rome.
There is also a town representative in soccer 5, Albalonga Football 5. Albano is represented in volleyball
by the Albalonga Volleyball Club. In terms of basketball
, Albano's Albano Basketball Club team militates in Series D.
In fencing
, the town of Albano has its own representation. Besides the Institute equal Leonardo Murialdo school's fencing, the village of Cecchina is active in the local school of fencing, and is currently at the design stage of the formation of Cecchina S. S. Dodge.
from Albano Laziale.
, Poland, since 2004 Alytus
, Lithuania, since 2004 Savelli, Italy
Comune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
in the province of Rome
Province of Rome
The Province of Rome , is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. The province can be viewed as the extended metropolitan area of the city of Rome, although in its more peripheral portions, especially to the north, it comprises towns surrounded by rural landscape.-Geography:The Province of Rome...
, on the Alban Hills
Alban Hills
The Alban Hills are the site of a quiescent volcanic complex in Italy, located southeast of Rome and about north of Anzio.The dominant peak is Monte Cavo. There are two small calderas which contain lakes, Lago Albano and Lake Nemi...
, in Latium, central Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. It is also a suburb of Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, which is 25 km distant. It is bounded by other communes of Castel Gandolfo
Castel Gandolfo
Castel Gandolfo is a small Italian town or comune in Lazio that occupies a height overlooking Lake Albano about 15 miles south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills. It is best known as the summer residence of the Pope. It is an Italian town with the population of 8834...
, Rocca di Papa
Rocca di Papa
Rocca di Papa is a small town and comune in the province of Rome, Lazio, Italy. It is one of the Castelli Romani about 25 km south east of Rome on the Alban Hills. It is bounded by the other communes of Velletri, Rocca Priora, Monte Compatri, Grottaferrata, Albano and Marino...
, Ariccia
Ariccia
Ariccia is a town and comune in the Province of Rome, central Italy. It is in the Alban Hills of the Lazio region and could be considered an extension of Rome's southeastern suburbs...
and Ardea
Ardea (RM)
Ardea is an ancient town and comune in the province of Rome, 35 km south of Rome and about 4 km from today's Mediterranean coast....
. Located in the Castelli Romani
Castelli Romani
The Castelli Romani is a group of communes in the province of Rome, Italy. They are located at short distance south-east to Rome, at the feet of the Alban Hills.-Overview:...
area of Lazio. It is sometimes known simply as Albano.
Albano is one of the most important municipalities of the Castelli Romani, and a busy commercial center. It was also a suburbicarian bishopric since the 5th century, a historic principality
Principality
A principality is a monarchical feudatory or sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of prince or princess, or by a monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince....
of the Savelli family, and from 1699 to 1798 the inalienable possession of the Holy See
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
. It now houses, among other things, the Praetor
Praetor
Praetor was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities: the commander of an army, usually in the field, or the named commander before mustering the army; and an elected magistratus assigned varied duties...
of the district court of Velletri
Velletri
Velletri is an Italian town of 53,298 inhabitants. It is a comune in the province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in Lazio - Italy. It is bounded by other communes of Rocca di Papa, Lariano, Cisterna di Latina, Artena, Aprilia, Nemi, Genzano di Roma, Lanuvio...
. The territory of Albano is partially included in the Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani.
Territory
The territory of Albano Laziale is 23.80 km 2 and one of the largest of Colli Albani; sixth after VelletriVelletri
Velletri is an Italian town of 53,298 inhabitants. It is a comune in the province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in Lazio - Italy. It is bounded by other communes of Rocca di Papa, Lariano, Cisterna di Latina, Artena, Aprilia, Nemi, Genzano di Roma, Lanuvio...
(112.21 km 2), Lanuvio
Lanuvio
Lanuvio is a comune in the Province of Rome in the Italian region Latium, located about 30 km southeast of Rome, on the Alban Hills.Lanuvio borders the following municipalities: Aprilia, Ariccia, Genzano di Roma, Velletri.-History:...
(43.91 2), Rocca di Papa
Rocca di Papa
Rocca di Papa is a small town and comune in the province of Rome, Lazio, Italy. It is one of the Castelli Romani about 25 km south east of Rome on the Alban Hills. It is bounded by the other communes of Velletri, Rocca Priora, Monte Compatri, Grottaferrata, Albano and Marino...
(40.18 2) Rocca Priora
Rocca Priora
Rocca Priora is a small town and comune in the province of Rome, Lazio, Italy. It is one of the Castelli Romani on the Alban Hills about 25 km south east of Rome, situated in the Regional Park known as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani"....
( 28.07 km 2) and Marino
Marino, Italy
Marino is an Italian city and comune in Lazio , on the Alban Hills, Italy, 21 km south east of Rome, with population of 37,684 and a territory of 26.10 km2...
(26.10 2).
According to the classification given by the Geological Survey of Italy most of the territory is similar to other areas of the Colli Albani, from lands classified as v 2.
Hydrography
The main hydrographic feature is Lake Albano, whose full name is actually Lake Albano and Castel Gandolfo. In fact, most coastal lakes are relevant to the town of Castel GandolfoCastel Gandolfo
Castel Gandolfo is a small Italian town or comune in Lazio that occupies a height overlooking Lake Albano about 15 miles south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills. It is best known as the summer residence of the Pope. It is an Italian town with the population of 8834...
, while the remainder are in the Albanense territory. The lake basin is run by the province of Rome.
Some small streams, often dry, start from the north:
- Fosso of Santa Palomba, originates from springs from the hills of the Colli Albani area of the old town, and flows westwards to the town of Santa Palomba, in the municipality of Rome and PomeziaPomeziaPomezia is a municipality in the province of Rome, Lazio, central Italy. In 2009 it had a population of about 60,000.-History:The town was built entirely new near the location of ancient Lavinium on land resulting from the final reclamation of the Pontine Marshes under Benito Mussolini, being...
. - Fosso of Chancellor, originates from springs from the Chancellor resort, in AricciaAricciaAriccia is a town and comune in the Province of Rome, central Italy. It is in the Alban Hills of the Lazio region and could be considered an extension of Rome's southeastern suburbs...
common, about 118 m above sea level, and continues to flow in a south-south-west to the Tyrrhenian SeaTyrrhenian SeaThe Tyrrhenian Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy.-Geography:The sea is bounded by Corsica and Sardinia , Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, Basilicata and Calabria and Sicily ....
. - Fosso di Valle Caia, originates from the Quarto Negroni, bordering with the municipality of Ariccia at 7 km of National Road 207 Nettunense and continues its path towards the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west.
- Fosso di Montagnano; originates from drain water that is collected in the local mountains, between the towns of Albano, Ariccia and ArdeaArdea (RM)Ardea is an ancient town and comune in the province of Rome, 35 km south of Rome and about 4 km from today's Mediterranean coast....
, and continues to the arm for the west the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Topography
The highest peak of the town of Albano is the Colle dei Cappuccini, located at 615 m above sea levelAbove mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
. From the hill, which houses a pine forest adjacent to the Capuchin
Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin is an Order of friars in the Catholic Church, among the chief offshoots of the Franciscans. The worldwide head of the Order, called the Minister General, is currently Father Mauro Jöhri.-Origins :...
Monastery, there is a remarkable overview of Lake Albano, Agro Romano and Monte Cavo
Monte Cavo
Monte Cavo is the second highest mountain of the complex of the Alban Hills, near Rome, Italy. An old volcano extinguished around 10,000 years ago, it lies about from the sea, in the territory of the comuneof Rocca di Papa. It is the dominant peak of the Alban Hills...
.
The historic center of Albano has a maximum gradient of 11%, or 47 meters, 435, taking into consideration the distance between the Cathedral of San Pancrazio (384 m asl) and the St. Paul's Church (431 m asl). Other altitudes through the center of town are Villa Altieri, at kilometer 25 of the State Road 7 Via Appia (363 m asl) and the Church of Stella (391 m asl).
The hill town of Castel Savelli is 280 m above sea level, while the underlying fraction of Pavona
Pavona
Pavona is a town in Lazio, central Italy. It is a frazione of the comune of Albano Laziale. However, its traditional territory is also included in those of Castel Gandolfo and Rome.-Overview:...
is built at 110 m above sea level
Above mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
. The village of Cecchina at the railway station is located at 212 m above sea level.
Climate
In terms of climate, the area falls within the domain of the temperate Mediterranean climateMediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate is the climate typical of most of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, and is a particular variety of subtropical climate...
with mild winters, with temperatures higher than those autumnal spring, summer breezes. In the area of Colli Albani, so even at Albano, presents the phenomenon called TSUE, which is the reduction of water vapor in the clouds as the ground rises. So there will be more rainfall on the foothills of the hills, facing the sea, south southwest, and to the north. Albano, lying on the trajectory of the current wet Tyrrhenian, is fairly rainy with 900–1000 mm annual precipitation. The winds blow mainly from the south and west, more rarely from the north and east.
Summer is hot and dry, with a mild and rainy winter with Snow quite rarely and only in the presence of a marked generalized cold. In summer, temperatures can reach 35 °C (95 °F) with peaks of 37 °C (99 °F) in rare cases. The temperature never reached 40 °C (104 °F).
Etymology
The name Albano is still a source of debate. In Roman times, the territory of LatiumLatium
Lazio is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country. With about 5.7 million residents and a GDP of more than 170 billion euros, Lazio is the third most populated and the second richest region of Italy...
was called Albanum: Albanum (Pompeians Domitiani, etc.).The estate of the wealthy Romans on the Colli Albani (Ager Albanus) and Castra Albana was the name of the camp built by Septimius Severus
Septimius Severus
Septimius Severus , also known as Severus, was Roman Emperor from 193 to 211. Severus was born in Leptis Magna in the province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the customary succession of offices under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of...
, within the confines of the fund Albanum previously owned by Domitian
Domitian
Domitian was Roman Emperor from 81 to 96. Domitian was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty.Domitian's youth and early career were largely spent in the shadow of his brother Titus, who gained military renown during the First Jewish-Roman War...
, to accommodate the Legio II Parthica
Legio II Parthica
Legio secunda Parthica was a Roman legion levied by Emperor Septimius Severus in 197, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. The legion was still active in the beginning of the 5th century...
. This place-name hypothesis is considered the most reliable as the root of these ties in Indo-European
Indo-European
Indo-European may refer to:* Indo-European languages** Aryan race, a 19th century and early 20th century term for those peoples who are the native speakers of Indo-European languages...
* alb / * alp indicating a high location, the Mons Albanus (now Monte Cavo) in this case, while it was the center of worship and common pasture (compascuo). Other assumptions, however, considered valid are the Latin place-name adjective albus (“white") or Greek αλαβα (“ash"). Etymologically proposed Albanum / Castra Albana is the same as being proposed for Alba Longa, whose location is not known with certainty, but placed in a medieval tradition of urban core areas of modern Albano Laziale . The second part of the Latium name of was used in 1873 to distinguish the city from Albano Sant'Alessandro
Albano Sant'Alessandro
Albano Sant'Alessandro is a comune in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, Italy.The coat of arms of Albano Sant'Alessandro includes dark green to light green stem with acorns on the right and the crests includes yellow on the left and red on the right. The crown is colored in brown and the...
(Bergamo
Bergamo
Bergamo is a town and comune in Lombardy, Italy, about 40 km northeast of Milan. The comune is home to over 120,000 inhabitants. It is served by the Orio al Serio Airport, which also serves the Province of Bergamo, and to a lesser extent the metropolitan area of Milan...
), Albano Vercellese
Albano Vercellese
Albano Vercellese is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km northeast of Turin and about 13 km north of Vercelli....
(Vercelli
Vercelli
Vercelli is a city and comune of about 47,000 inhabitants in the Province of Vercelli, Piedmont, northern Italy. One of the oldest urban sites in northern Italy, it was founded, according to most historians, around the year 600 BC.The city is situated on the river Sesia in the plain of the river...
province) and Albano di Lucania
Albano di Lucania
Albano di Lucania is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata....
(Potenza
Potenza
-Transportation:Potenza is a rail junction on the main line from Salerno to Taranto, managed by FS Trenitalia; it has also a connection to Altamura, served by the Ferrovie Appulo Lucane regional company...
province).
Ancient (3000 BC – 476 A.D.)
The first recorded evidence of human settlement in the town of Albano Laziale dates from the beginning of the first millennium BC with the remains of settlements of Tor Paluzzi, Castel Savelli and Colle dei Cappuccini. The human presence in these locations, is maintained even in later times, while from Laziale IIB period (830 BC - 730 BC) start to appear due to traces of the mythical foundation Latin capital of Alba LongaAlba Longa
Alba Longa – in Italian sources occasionally written Albalonga – was an ancient city of Latium in central Italy southeast of Rome in the Alban Hills. Founder and head of the Latin League, it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. In legend, Romulus and Remus, founders of...
.
Most modern historians seems inclined to place the site of Alba Longa in between the towns of Marino, Rocca di Papa and Ariccia on the eastern side of Lake Albano, which is opposite to the present city of Albano.
Albano is located in the area in which, according to the legend, Aeneas
Aeneas
Aeneas , in Greco-Roman mythology, was a Trojan hero, the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite. His father was the second cousin of King Priam of Troy, making Aeneas Priam's second cousin, once removed. The journey of Aeneas from Troy , which led to the founding a hamlet south of...
's son, Ascanius
Ascanius
Ascanius is the son of the Trojan hero Aeneas and a legendary king of Alba Longa. He is a character of Roman mythology, and has a divine lineage, being the son of Aeneas, who is son of Venus and the hero Anchises, a relative of Priam; thus Ascanius has divine ascendents by both parents, being...
, founded Alba Longa
Alba Longa
Alba Longa – in Italian sources occasionally written Albalonga – was an ancient city of Latium in central Italy southeast of Rome in the Alban Hills. Founder and head of the Latin League, it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. In legend, Romulus and Remus, founders of...
. Today the coat of arms of Albano still sport the white (Latin: Alba) boar dreamt by Ascanius before the founding of the city. Alba Longa was one of the main cities of the Latins
Latins
"Latins" refers to different groups of people and the meaning of the word changes for where and when it is used.The original Latins were an Italian tribe inhabiting central and south-central Italy. Through conquest by their most populous city-state, Rome, the original Latins culturally "Romanized"...
and, again according to the legend, the birthplace of Romulus and Remus
Romulus and Remus
Romulus and Remus are Rome's twin founders in its traditional foundation myth, although the former is sometimes said to be the sole founder...
, the mythical founders of Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
.
Albanense in the territory, were then subjected to a large extent the wealthy of Aricia, which built several suburban villas built by the leading exponents of the Roman nobility. Pompey
Pompey
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey or Pompey the Great , was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic...
had a villa, the Albanum Pompeii, whose ruins have been found inside of the Villa Doria Pamphili. A villa belonging to the Seneca
Seneca
-People:*Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Seneca the Younger aka Seneca , son of Seneca the Elder, Roman philosopher and playwright, tutor and advisor of Nero*Seneca the Elder , Roman orator and writer...
would be identified within the ruins found on the south ridge of Lake Albano, bordering the town of Ariccia. All of these residences, at the time of Emperor Domitian were combined into a single fund owned by the Emperor's Albanum Cesaris, within which erected a monumental imperial residence, with the ruins mostly contained in the Villa Barberini at Castel Gandolfo.
The Emperor Septimius Severus
Septimius Severus
Septimius Severus , also known as Severus, was Roman Emperor from 193 to 211. Severus was born in Leptis Magna in the province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the customary succession of offices under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of...
around 202 had installed in place of the old town of the Legio II Parthica
Legio II Parthica
Legio secunda Parthica was a Roman legion levied by Emperor Septimius Severus in 197, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. The legion was still active in the beginning of the 5th century...
. Thus were born the Castra Albana, which were huge camps that remained in operation until the end of 3rd century. Albano developed from this settlement, as is shown by the main streets, which still follow the ancient decumanus and cardo
Cardo
The cardo was a north-south oriented street in Roman cities, military camps, and coloniae. The cardo, an integral component of city planning, was lined with shops and vendors, and served as a hub of economic life. The main cardo was called cardo maximus.Most Roman cities also had a Decumanus...
. Remains of the large baths built by Septimius' son, Caracalla
Caracalla
Caracalla , was Roman emperor from 198 to 217. The eldest son of Septimius Severus, he ruled jointly with his younger brother Geta until he murdered the latter in 211...
, are still visible.
Medieval (476 - 1699)
In 326, Emperor Constantine IConstantine I
Constantine the Great , also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Well known for being the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, Constantine and co-Emperor Licinius issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance of all...
, according to an established tradition, ordered the founding of the Albanense cathedral
Cathedral
A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop...
dedicated to St. John the Baptist. According to sources, Constantine donated to the newly formed cathedral, various sacred vessels and several estates and funds in Ager Albanus. During the Gothic War, Albano was reduced from municipium to oppidulum, a small fortified city.
In 964, Emperor Otto I conferred the investiture at Albano to Virginia Savelli, his captain in Rome. Pope Paschal II in 1118 took refuge in Albano as a hostile insurgency occupied Rome, and found that Albanensi loyalty be granted perpetual exemption from taxes of milling wheat.
During the schism
Schism (religion)
A schism , from Greek σχίσμα, skhísma , is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization or movement religious denomination. The word is most frequently applied to a break of communion between two sections of Christianity that were previously a single body, or to a division within...
of anti-pope Anacletus with Pope Innocent II in 1137 the anti-pope marched on Lazio Albano and other locations to extend its domain, but these territories were taken over by Innocent II. In the Year 1142, Albano was sacked by the Saracens.
After the Battle of Monte Porzio
Battle of Monte Porzio
The Battle of Monte Porzio was fought on 29 May 1167 between the Holy Roman Empire and the Commune of Rome...
, in 1168, the Roman people thought it well to take revenge on Albano, who had sided with the city 's Emperor Frederick Barbarossa against Rome, and so the town was looted and razed. Given the state of abandonment, Pope Innocent III gave the monastery of St. Paul Outside the Walls the Palatium with the churches of Santa Maria Minor and St. Nicholas and their dependencies. In 1436 it was razed along with Castel Savelli by Cardinal Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi, by order of Pope Eugenius IV. In 1697 Albano switched to direct control of the Holy See.
Feudal (1699 - 1798)
Pope Pius VI in 1780 began the rearrangement of the Via Appia, in order to achieve a fast link between Rome and TerracinaTerracina
Terracina is a town and comune of the province of Latina - , Italy, 76 km SE of Rome by rail .-Ancient times:...
, where there was intense work on the reclamation of the Pontine Marshes
Pontine Marshes
thumb|250px|Lake Fogliano, a coastal lagoon in the Pontine Plain.The Pontine Marshes, termed in Latin Pomptinus Ager by Titus Livius, Pomptina Palus and Pomptinae Paludes by Pliny the Elder, today the Agro Pontino in Italian, is an approximately quadrangular area of former marshland in the Lazio...
. The first route of the new "National Road" arrived to follow the Via Appia Antica, only to stray from the path along the ridge of ancient Vallericcia to arrive at Genzano
Genzano di Roma
Genzano di Roma is a town and comune in the province of Rome, in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is one of the Castelli Romani, at a distance of 29 km from Rome, on the Alban Hills.-History:The origin of the name Genzano is still disputed...
, avoiding the sharp uphill to reach Ariccia. Only with the construction of the Ariccia bridge under the pontificates of Pope Gregory XVI and Pius IX (1839–1849) will outline the current route of State Road 7 Via Appia. The opening of the new route of the Via Appia undoubted benefited Albano and locations along its course.
During the first French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
occupation and the events tied to the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
in the Papal States
Papal States
The Papal State, State of the Church, or Pontifical States were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia .The Papal States comprised territories under...
, on February 18, 1798 Albano, along with Frascati
Frascati
Frascati is a town and comune in the province of Rome in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum. Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific...
, Velletri and later Marino, proclaimed itself a "sister republic" to the nascent Roman Republic. Following the uprising the Albanensi rebelled against the French, Albano was occupied and looted by the troops of Murat
Murat
Murat is a male Turkish name, spelled as Murad during the Ottoman period. Its meaning can be translated roughly into Reached Desire or Accomplished Goal...
. The following year, however, at Albano, installs Fra Diavolo
Fra Diavolo
Fra Diavolo , is the popular name given to Michele Pezza, a famous Neapolitan guerrilla leader who resisted the French occupation of Naples, proving an “inspirational practicioner of popular insurrection”. Pezza figures prominently in folk lore and fiction...
, commanding Neapolitan column.
Contemporary (1798 - 1944)
Motu proprio
A motu proprio is a document issued by the Pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him....
of July 6, 1816, by Pope Pius VI elevated Albano back in the Papal States with the Restoration of the Government seat.
In 1870 Albano became part of the Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...
. It became the seat of the district court, by merging the offices of Marino.
On February 1, 1944 Allied bombing of Albano and Ariccia during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, severely affected the city's historic center, among targets hit were the cloistered convent of Poor Clares of Piazza Pia and structures of the Porta Pretoria Castra Albana.
Immediately after the Second World War, the city began to rise again from the disasters caused by the dictatorship and bombs. The cultural and commercial life became more intense. In 1961 the two main secondary schools were founded and still have their headquarters in the city: the State High School Gymnasium Public Ugo Foscolo and the Professional Institute Nicola Garrone.
On the morning of Sunday September 21, 2008 Pope Benedict XVI traveled to Albano on a pastoral visit, starting from the Pontifical Villas of Castel Gandolfo, with the opportunity to re-consecrate the Basilica Cathedral of St. Pancras after the recent restorations of 2008. The Pope's visit to Albano public appearance will be his eighth visit to a diocese since the beginning of his pontificate.
Religious buildings
- Cathedral Basilica of St. Pancras. The large Albano CathedralAlbano CathedralAlbano Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Albano Laziale, in the province of Rome and the region of Lazio, Italy. It is the seat of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano....
, dedicated to Saint Pancras, built in 1721 - Church of St. Peter the Apostle.
- St Paul's Church, constructed in 1282; here are kept the bones of Saint Gaspar del Bufalo.
- Church of St Mary of the Star and catacombsCatacombsCatacombs, human-made subterranean passageways for religious practice. Any chamber used as a burial place can be described as a catacomb, although the word is most commonly associated with the Roman empire...
. Inside is the tomb of Maria Theresa of AustriaMaria Theresa of AustriaMaria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma...
, Queen of the Two Sicilies. Beneath the church are the catacombs of Saint Senatore, a citizen of Albano, of the 3rd century, with frescos from the 5th/9th centuries - Church and convent of Santa Maria della Stella
- Church and convent of St. Bonaventure.
- Santuario di Santa Maria della Rotonda, inspired by the PantheonPantheon, RomeThe Pantheon ,Rarely Pantheum. This appears in Pliny's Natural History in describing this edifice: Agrippae Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis; in columnis templi eius Caryatides probantur inter pauca operum, sicut in fastigio posita signa, sed propter altitudinem loci minus celebrata.from ,...
and built over the ruins of DomitianDomitianDomitian was Roman Emperor from 81 to 96. Domitian was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty.Domitian's youth and early career were largely spent in the shadow of his brother Titus, who gained military renown during the First Jewish-Roman War...
's villa. The belltowers are also very similar to those of Rome's medieval churches. - Church of Saint Phillip Neri
Civil Architecture
- The Porta Praetoria (Pretorian Gate), the most important and impressive evidence of the encampment of the Parthian Legion (Legio II ParthicaLegio II ParthicaLegio secunda Parthica was a Roman legion levied by Emperor Septimius Severus in 197, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. The legion was still active in the beginning of the 5th century...
), known as the Castra Albana. - Savelli Palace, built in the 13th century by the Savelli family, the building began as a fortification. Original function of this is witnessed by the square towers visible on the Giacomo Matteotti. The palace, after the acquisition of Albano by the Apostolic Chamber in 1697, became the home of the papal government, and hosted various personalities. On the main front porch a footbridge connected the Chamber's Palace, now home to some municipal offices, on Via Cavour. Now housing the Town Hall.
- Lercaro Palace or the Bishop's Palace, built in 1727 by Cardinal Nicolò Maria Lercaro to accommodate Pope Benedict XIIIPope Benedict XIII-Footnotes:...
, was granted following Episcopis Albanensibus ac Ecclesiae "to the church and the bishops of Albano." Noteworthy is the portal of entry into the hall and the chapel interior. Today it houses the Bishop's office and lawyers.
- Campano Palace, built in 1465 by the bishop and scholar, Giannantonio Campano (1429–1477) on the current path of Nazareth College, was one of the first palaces built in Albano.
- Palazzo Rospigliosi, built in 1667 by the Rospigliosi family, now houses the Congregation of St. Joseph's Institute Leonardo Murialdo. There is an adjoining garden.
- Pamphilj Palace or Palazzo del Collegio Nazareno; built in 1655 by Cardinal Vincenzo Maculan, was bought later by Camillo Francesco Maria PamphiliCamillo Francesco Maria PamphiliCamillo Francesco Maria Pamphili was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and later nobleman of the Pamphili family. His name is often spelled with the final long i orthography; Pamphilj.-Early life:...
. In 1764 it was acquired by the Nazarene College of Rome. - Paolucci palace, built in the 17th century by Cardinal Fabrizio PaolucciFabrizio PaolucciFabrizio Paolucci was a Italian cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, appointed by Pope Innocent XII.-Biography:He went to Rome at the age of eight, 1659, to be educated by his grand-uncle, Francesco Paolucci...
, sets out on Via Cairoli, near Piazza Pia. - Poniatowskj Palace, built in the 19th century by Prince Amedeo Poniatowskj, large landowner and owner at the time of Lake Albano, on Corso Matteotti.
- Villa Doria Pamphilj, built in the 18th century by Cardinal Fabrizio PaolucciFabrizio PaolucciFabrizio Paolucci was a Italian cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, appointed by Pope Innocent XII.-Biography:He went to Rome at the age of eight, 1659, to be educated by his grand-uncle, Francesco Paolucci...
, was later acquired by the Doria family. The building of the villa, on the Appian WayAppian WayThe Appian Way was one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic. It connected Rome to Brindisi, Apulia, in southeast Italy...
, was razed in 1951 because of the damage sustained in the World War IIWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
bombing, and was replaced by the current Piazza Mazzini. The villa is now a public park, known, one of the most important green space of the territory. At the center of the green there are the ruins of a Roman villa attributed to Pompey. - Villa Corsini, erected in the mid-18th century along the Appian Way to Ariccia by the Corsini family, was also called the royal inn because of that has hosted many distinguished guests: among them Maria Luisa of SpainMaria Luisa of SpainInfanta Maria Luisa of Spain was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.-Names:...
, Charles IV of SpainCharles IV of SpainCharles IV was King of Spain from 14 December 1788 until his abdication on 19 March 1808.-Early life:...
, Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy and Giuseppe GaribaldiGiuseppe GaribaldiGiuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian military and political figure. In his twenties, he joined the Carbonari Italian patriot revolutionaries, and fled Italy after a failed insurrection. Garibaldi took part in the War of the Farrapos and the Uruguayan Civil War leading the Italian Legion, and...
. Today it houses the Directorate General of ASL RMH. - Villa Altieri, built in the 18th century by Cardinal Lorenzo Altieri on an old farmhouse, located right at the entrance of Albano coming from Rome along the Appian Way.
- Villa Ferrajoli, built from 1845 by the family Ferrajoli over an existing casino belonging to the family Benucci, consists of three buildings, including the neoclassical houses of the Museo Civico di Albano.
- Villa Boncompagni; built in 1857 by the Boncompagni family, sets on the Appian Way and has a big monumental park. Margherita of SavoyMargherita of SavoyMargherita of Savoy , was the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Italy during the reign of her husband, Umberto I.-Family:...
often stayed in the Villa.
Military architecture
- Walls and gates. The fortification of the old town of Albano was now almost completely dismantled at the end of the 18th century for the enlargement of Via Appia. At the time of the Gothic War (535-554), Albano was an oppidulum, then a small fortified settlement. Presumably, the fortifications suffered the vicissitudes of the various destruction and subsequent rebuilding of the city.
The complex was the originally fortified Savelli palace, dates back to the 13th century. Portals in the fortification retain much historical and ornamental significance:
-
- Porta Romana or Porta di San Rocco is situated on the Via Appia towards Rome, flanked by the Doria palace and the church of San Rocco, the final appearance was given in the 18th century. All ornaments, coats of arms and the plaque on the door are now in the atrium of Palazzo Savelli. The door was razed in 1908 along with the nearby church to expand the Appian Way and pass the tramway Rome – Genzano of Tramvie the Castelli Romani.
- Porta San Paolo, situated in Piazza San Paolo, near the Church of St. Paul, is the only surviving gate of the old circle.
- Porta dei Cappuccini, located on the current Via San Francesco d’Assisi, was an arch above the road to the Convent of the Capuchin Fathers. It was razed in the 19th century with the widening of the road, which took away the name of the amphitheater.
- Castel Savelli, situated on a hill fort in the countryside to Pavona, was one of the first castles of the Savelli family, built in the Middle Ages. Razed by Cardinal Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi in 1436, the castle was completely abandoned in the 18th century. The fortified building was also equipped with a church, Santa Maria in Porta Coeli.
There are numerous towers or fortified houses spread over the hills of the countryside between Pavona and Cecchina:
- Tor Paluzzi; possession of the monks of St Paul's Church in Albano, was given to a certain Paluzzo by Pope Clement X. Now called an urban area of Cecchina.
- Torraccia Tower of Chancellor, built on Roman ruins at kilometer 7 of Nettunense street belonged to the Savelli and the Chigi family. It is now partly included in the territory of Ariccia.
- Tor of the bar or the Tor Mountain, formerly also called Turris Gandulphorum and dating back to medieval times as a defensive to incursions from the Tyrrhenian Sea, belonged to several noble families including Altieri Boncompagni.
Archaeological sites
The Castra Albana contains one of the largest concentrations of Roman ruins outside Rome in the Castelli Romani. It consists basically of a few major monuments, dating in general to the time of Septimius Severus:- Santuario di Santa Maria della Rotonda, built probably as a garden nympheum at the Villa of Domitian at Castel Gandolfo, was later incorporated in the complex of Castra Albana by Septimius Severus and eventually became, around the 7th century, a Christian shrine. Similar to the PantheonPantheon, RomeThe Pantheon ,Rarely Pantheum. This appears in Pliny's Natural History in describing this edifice: Agrippae Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis; in columnis templi eius Caryatides probantur inter pauca operum, sicut in fastigio posita signa, sed propter altitudinem loci minus celebrata.from ,...
of Rome but reduced in scale, it is now preserved after the restoration erased the Baroque changes. - Porta Pretoria; main entrance to the Castra Albana, facing the Via Appia, now facing the Palazzo Savelli. It is a monumental building in peperinoPeperinoPeperino is an Italian name applied to a brown or grey volcanic tuff, containing fragments of basalt and limestone, with disseminated crystals of augite, mica, magnetite, leucite, and other similar minerals...
incorporated in the adjacent civic buildings until 1944. - Terme di Cellomaio; attributed to Emperor CaracallaCaracallaCaracalla , was Roman emperor from 198 to 217. The eldest son of Septimius Severus, he ruled jointly with his younger brother Geta until he murdered the latter in 211...
, who had erected immediately after killing his brother GetaPublius Septimius GetaGeta , was a Roman Emperor co-ruling with his father Septimius Severus and his older brother Caracalla from 209 to his death.-Early life:Geta was the younger son of Septimius Severus by his second wife Julia Domna...
as a gift to appease the souls of the soldiers. Inside a picturesque medieval village, with the Church of San Pietro. During the Middle Ages, until the modern age, it was believed they were the remains of a fabulous palace of Ascanio. The old building was transformed into a stronghold in medieval times and later occupied by civilians. - The Amphitheater of Albano is the only pattern found in the Castelli Romani belonging to or even pre-existing Castra Albana. The martyrdom of Christians, as might be inferred from two small Christian chapels, painted in the niches of vomitoriaVomitoriumA vomitorium is a passage situated below or behind a tier of seats in an amphitheatre, through which big crowds can exit rapidly at the end of a performance...
. - Catacombs of San Senatore; originally quarries on the Appian Way, became the 2nd century burial place of Christians.
- Cisternone, a symbol of Albano, a huge cistern with five naves (20x30 m). Under the whole of the Seminary, and attached to the Church of St. Paul, collects from the three aqueducts from Malafitto and Palazzolo. They have been running (and are today still in perfect working order), after the Roman era, from the 17th century to 1880 to supply the civilian dwellings, and later for irrigation.
- Tomb of the Horatii and Curiatii
- Tomb of Pompey, located on State Road 7 Via Appia before the entrance to Albano coming from Rome, is a high tomb plausibly identified as the tomb of Pompey.
- Villa of Pompey, the Roman villa attributed to the Roman commander, located at the center of the public parks of Villa Doria Pamphili.
Natural areas
A small part of the Jurong West Community is included in the boundaries of the Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani, a regional environmental protection agency founded in 1984 by the Lazio Region in the area of Colli Albani. Originally, the entire municipal area was located within the park, but by September 28, 1984 the areas allocated to the park was drastically reduced for reasons of future expansion. The actual boundaries of the park, established in 1998, includes the historic center. Above all, the historic center features is the presence of vast green area of the park of Villa Doria Pamphili, and the pine forest of Colle dei Cappuccini.Demographic evolution
Albano Laziale is now the twelfth most populous municipality in the province of Rome, and the second of the Castelli Romani after Velletri. Also, after Rome and Ciampino and prior to Marino, the third most densely populated municipality of the province of Rome.Languages and dialects
Obviously, the official language is Italian. There is, however, the local Albanense dialect, which differs from neighboring dialects Ariccia (ariccino dialect), Castel Gandolfo and Marino (Marino dialect). The predominance of the vowel "or" against "u" that characterizes most dialects spoken in the surrounding towns differs with Albanense . In July 2006, the Dictionary of the Albanense Dialect edited by Nino Dori, Aldo Onorati, Giorgio Sirilli and Piero Torregiani was published.In areas of modern urbanization, as the villages of Cecchina and Pavona but also much of the old town of Albano, the local dialect, however, is being supplanted by the Roman dialect, which becoming more and more prevalent.
Religion
Albano Laziale is one of the 5th century suburban bishoprics of the Catholic Church, Rome diocese.Albano and fractions Cecchina and Pavona have numerous Catholic religious institutions:
- Adorers of the Blood of Christ
- Handmaids of Charity
- Daughters of Mary Immaculate
- Daughters of St. Paul
- Franciscan Sisters of Adoration of the Cross
- Missionaries of the Precious Blood
- Poor Clare Nuns
- OblateOblateAn oblate spheroid is a rotationally symmetric ellipsoid having a polar axis shorter than the diameter of the equatorial circle whose plane bisects it. Oblate spheroids stand in contrast to prolate spheroids....
Sisters of Jesus and Mary. - Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
- Disciples of the Divine Master
- Order of DiscalcedDiscalcedDiscalced is a term applied to those religious congregations of men and women, the members of which go entirely barefoot or wear sandals, with or without other covering for the feet. These congregations are often distinguished on this account from other branches of the same order...
Carmelites - Congregation of St. Joseph
- Society of St. Paul
- Hospital Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
- Sisters of Saint MarthaSaint MarthaSaint Martha may refer to:* Martha, Biblical character and contemporary of Jesus* Saints Maris, Martha, Abachum and Audifax, third century martyrs killed for their faith...
- Italian Catholic Action
In 1998, Albano established an ecumenical evangelical community, the result of the merger between the Evangelical Baptist Church with the local ecumenical group of Albano. The Albanense ecumenical Evangelical Community adheres to the ecumenical network of Castelli Romani and UCEBI (Baptist Union of Italy)
Institutions, bodies and associations
- Italian Referees Association
- Friends of Music Cesare De Sanctis.
- Associazione Amici del Liceo Ugo Foscolo.
- National Association of Partisans in Italy.
- Associazione Culturale "Luigi Sabatini.
- Pretura Albano Laziale.
- Local Health RMH.
Libraries
Albano has three municipal libraries, which make up the library system of Albano, which is aggregated to the Library System of the Castelli Romani with its headquarters in Albano. The three libraries, which generally have about 8,000 members, are:- Biblioteca Comunale di Albano Center (12,151 volumes, 68-seat reading, created in 1995);
- Biblioteca Comunale di Cecchina (8331 volumes, 30 seats, created in 1974);
- Biblioteca Comunale di Pavona (10,142 volumes, 50 seats, created in 1976).
Primary
In 1728, Rose Venerini
Rose Venerini
Saint Rosa Venerini was the founder of a Roman Catholic religious congregation of women, often called the Venerini Sisters. Rosa Venerini died a saintly death in the community of St. Mark's in Rome on the evening of May 7, 1728.She was canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on October 15, 2006.-Early...
, founded the Venerini Religious Teachers. In 1764 the Regular Poor Clerics of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools of the Nazarene College of Rome, commonly called the Piarist, took possession of the Palazzo Pamphili in Albano, who has since adopted the name of the palace of Nazareth College.
Secondary Schools
The city is home to many institutes of higher secondary education.
- Istituto San Leonardo Murialdo, established in the early twentieth century in the premises of Palazzo Rospigliosi by the Congregation of St. Joseph, popularly known as the Fathers Josephites.
- State High School Gymnasium Ugo Foscolo, founded in 1961 in a building specially constructed in Via San Francesco d'Assisi.
- Nicola Garrone Professional Institute, founded in 1961 as a branch of the Institute "Metastasio" of Rome. Already in 1962, however, the school acquired its autonomy and was placed at the current site of the Commissioner of Police at Villa Ferrajoli. In 1970 the headquarters was transferred to the Villa Ferrajoli building that now houses the Museo Civico, and finally in 1974 the City of Albano and the Ministry of Education bought the house of the deposed king in exile in Egypt, where from 1977 until now houses the Institute.
- Istituto Tecnico Commerciale Surveyors Antonio Gramsci.
- Professional Training Center St. Jerome Emiliani (Fathers Somaschi).
- Professional Training Center Albafor.
Seminaries
The Episcopal SeminarySeminary
A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is an institution of secondary or post-secondary education for educating students in theology, generally to prepare them for ordination as clergy or for other ministry...
of Albano was created in 1628 by Cardinal Bishop Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia
Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia
Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia was an Italian cardinal of the Pio di Savoia family.-Life:His father was Enea Pio di Savoia, Signore di Sassuolo, Consigliere di Stato in Piedmont , knight of the Ordine dell'Annunziata , Piedmontese ambassador to Rome and governor of Reggio...
, and remained open until 1921. It was reopened in 1949 in the vast complex located at the Church of St. Paul, as Interdiocesan Pontifical Seminary Pius XII.
Museums
- Museo Civico. The Museum is located on the premises the Villa Ferrajoli. Hosts various exhibits of the Ancient Alban, including the famous bronze armor of Albano.
- Museum of the Second Parthian LegionLegio II ParthicaLegio secunda Parthica was a Roman legion levied by Emperor Septimius Severus in 197, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. The legion was still active in the beginning of the 5th century...
. Housed on the ground floor of the ruins of the Baths of Cellomaio, has findings regarding the presence of Legio II Parthica in Castra Albana.
Media
On October 30, 2007 the City Council of Albano launched the Plan of Reorganization and analyzing emissions Electromagnetic Territorial (PRAEET), which regulates the municipal area to avoid environmental damage because there had been controversy over an antenna near the Roma-Velletri railway.Television
In the territory of Albania's two local TV stations:- Teleroma South.
- Video Point.
Theater
The theatrical activity at Albano is historically very lively, and rotates around the Teatro Comunale Alba Radians, recently renovated and restored.Music
Albano is provided with a philharmonic hall, and philharmonic orchestra the Cesare Durante Municipal Complex Band, which has achieved outstanding results in national competitions such as third at the Golden Wand and first place at the 13th Town of Cascina national contest for bands.Famous people
- St. Bonaventure (1217–1274): cardinal bishop of Suburbicarian See of Albano
- Cesare De Sanctis (1824–1916), musician, composer, conductor and negotiations, born in Albano
- Franz LisztFranz LisztFranz Liszt ; ), was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher.Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age...
(1811–1886): Hungarian composer, received minor orders and was CanonCanon (priest)A canon is a priest or minister who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to an ecclesiastical rule ....
of the Cathedral Basilica of St. Pancras - Piero TaruffiPiero TaruffiPiero Taruffi , was a racing driver from Italy, and also the father of lady racer Prisca Taruffi.-Sports car career:...
(1906–1988): racing driver, was born at Albano. - John Lovrovich, Catholic priest and historian, Abbot parish priest in Marino from 1954 to 1989, died at Albano
- Simone PepeSimone PepeSimone Pepe is an Italian footballer who plays as a right winger for Serie A club Juventus. He is known for his high versatility and can play on either side of the pitch and even as a right fullback-Club career:...
(1983–Present): Star Forward for Juventus by loan from Udinese in Italian Serie A Calcio as well as member of Italian 2010 World Cup South Africa team
Events
- Festival of San Pancrazio: May 12 is remembered with a solemn procession through the city streets and a fair.
- Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary: Pope Pius V, to celebrate the Christian victory in the Battle of Lepanto (1571)Battle of Lepanto (1571)The Battle of Lepanto took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of Catholic maritime states, decisively defeated the main fleet of the Ottoman Empire in five hours of fighting on the northern edge of the Gulf of Patras, off western Greece...
, the Papal StatesPapal StatesThe Papal State, State of the Church, or Pontifical States were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia .The Papal States comprised territories under...
established as a national holiday the feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, which still continues to be solemnized at Albano on October 7 of each year. - Festa della Madonna della Rotonda, the first Sunday in August the Albanense community solemnize the feast of Santa Maria della Rotonda recalling the rescue of the city by the cholera epidemic of 1867.
- Feast of St. Francis of Assisi: traditional Albanense feast, was once exhibition of animals kept at the "Boar Field ", near the present railway station. [72]
- Feast of Our Lady of Caramel: historic celebration presumably introduced by the Carmelite Fathers who settled in the 17th century at the Church of Santa Maria della Stella.
- Arrival of Minenti: the arrival of the populace of TrastevereTrastevereTrastevere is rione XIII of Rome, on the west bank of the Tiber, south of Vatican City. Its name comes from the Latin trans Tiberim, meaning literally "beyond the Tiber". The correct pronunciation is "tras-TEH-ve-ray", with the accent on the second syllable. Its logo is a golden head of a lion on a...
, whose pilgrimage ends in Albano at the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine LoveSantuario della Madonna del Divino AmoreSantuario della Madonna del Divino Amore or the shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love is a shrine dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary that consists of two churches: an old church built in 1745 and a new church added to the sanctuary in 1999.-History:...
the first Monday after PentecostPentecostPentecost is a prominent feast in the calendar of Ancient Israel celebrating the giving of the Law on Sinai, and also later in the Christian liturgical year commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the disciples of Christ after the Resurrection of Jesus...
, dressed in traditional costumes. - White night: the last Sunday in September, the City of Albano keeps shops open at night and animate the historic center with shows and concerts. The first edition of Notte Bianca Albano was held in 2006.
- Antique market: the second Sunday of each month,.
- Franz Liszt Music festival: between October and November at Palazzo Savelli.
Urban
The modern city of Albano was born on the ruins of Castra Albana in much of the urban fabric of the old town there is still the orthogonality between characteristic streets of the topography of the Roman castra. In many cases, modern buildings were built over Roman ruins, an example is given by the Porta Pretoria, discovered only after the collapse in the bombing of February 1, 1944 that completely incorporates the dwelling. Albanense underground, exploring the cellars and caves, archaeologists continue to make startling discoveries. The Albanense archaeologist Giuseppe Lugli certifies dozens of these cases, including the discovery of underground rooms at the Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Rotonda, while in more recent discoveries have been made of skeletons in the basement of the Palazzo Pamphili in Borgo San Paolo.During the 17th century the Savelli family put in place important works that changed the face of Albano: Borgo San Rocco, Piazza Pia, the churches Star of St. Mary and St. Bonaventure.
Finally, in 1780, Pope Pius VI ordered the rectification of the Appian Way in the stretch between Rome and Terracina
Terracina
Terracina is a town and comune of the province of Latina - , Italy, 76 km SE of Rome by rail .-Ancient times:...
, bringing Albano at the center of the intense traffic that took place between Rome and Naples. During the pontificates of Pope Gregory XVI and Pope Pius XI the Ariccia bridgewas built, which is the current route of State Road 7 Via Appia. To improve traffic flow on this artery, several interventions were made: in 1908 the 18th-century Porta Romana with the adjacent Church of San Rocco was razed to allow the passage of the line of Tramway dei Castelli Romani, and after the Second World War was initiated, Piazza Giuseppe Mazzini on the ruins of bombed building in Villa Doria Pamphili.
At the turn of the last decades of the 19th century and early decades of the twentieth, were established the periphery of housing, Ferrajoli Villa, Villa Venosa, Villa Ada, and numerous cottages mostly civilians bordering Ariccia.
The 20th century expansion of Albano was conducted towards the Selvotta and towards the edge of the Parco Chigi of Ariccia, creating in that area once forested the populous district of Villa Ferrajoli and along the roads leading to Pavona, Cecchina, Vallericcia and Castel Savelli, in areas once used for orchards and vineyards, the populous districts of Miramare and Olivella were built. Most recent urbanization, however, still is the former terraced vineyards located in the area bordering the town of Castel Gandolfo
Castel Gandolfo
Castel Gandolfo is a small Italian town or comune in Lazio that occupies a height overlooking Lake Albano about 15 miles south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills. It is best known as the summer residence of the Pope. It is an Italian town with the population of 8834...
.
Historical districts
Historically, the old town of Albano and its latest additions are divided into several districts:- Cellomaio
- Borgo San Rocco
- Borgo San Paolo
- Borgo Garibaldi
- Quarter Villa Ferrajoli
- Miramar neighborhood
Fractions
Cecchina
Cecchina is about 12,000 inhabitants, is along the Regional Road 207 Nettunense close to 9 km, and along the Roma-Velletri railway. The town has had since the 1960s experienced a massive population growth thanks to good rail and road links. The patron saint is Saint Phillip Neri, celebrated May 26.Pavona
Pavona, with a population of about 8000 inhabitants, is along the State Road 207 Nettunense, and along the Roma-Velletri railway. The origins of Pavona are connected to an inn and the villa of Cardinal Flavio Chigi. The patron saint is St. Joseph celebrated May 1.Other localities in the area
Chancellor, divided in part by the town of Ariccia, its population is calculated to be about 900 inhabitants, which is around the State Road 207 Nettunense.Agriculture
Albano's economy is historically linked to wineWine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast...
production, active primary importance in an area such as the Alban Hills
Alban Hills
The Alban Hills are the site of a quiescent volcanic complex in Italy, located southeast of Rome and about north of Anzio.The dominant peak is Monte Cavo. There are two small calderas which contain lakes, Lago Albano and Lake Nemi...
known for its wines since Roman times as the Castelli name of Albanum.
In 1995, at the Albano wholesale vegetable market sold 127,060 tons of vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, potatoes, onions, pomdori and salads) and 1932 tons of domestically sourced from abroad. Also 326,957 tons artichokes were sold, while 84,747 tons of fresh fruits (apples, pears, peaches, grapes) and 14,831 tons were sold, and finally 43,073 tons citrus
Citrus
Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar and the Yunnan province of China...
fruits were sold.
Industry
In 1995 the local units of industryIndustry
Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.-Industrial sectors:There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction,...
in the town of Albano was 475, one of the ten most massive concentration of industrial activity in the southern quadrant of the province of Rome.
There are no mining of minerals in the territory Albanense, but in Roman times, peperino
Peperino
Peperino is an Italian name applied to a brown or grey volcanic tuff, containing fragments of basalt and limestone, with disseminated crystals of augite, mica, magnetite, leucite, and other similar minerals...
was mined and known as lapis Albanus, since this particular type of stone is found mainly on the shores of Lake Albano. Despite the historic city of Albano situated on a flow of lava stone, the extraction of this stone has never been a thriving, unlike what happened in neighboring Ariccia and Marino.
Finally, companies that operate in the construction industry were 209: this sector given the large urban expansion in Albano in recent decades has been steadily growing, as demonstrated by the data on the licensing of builders.
Services
The town of Albano Laziale is historically subject to a difficult situation in terms of water supply: the lack of important sources of water has forced the municipality since the 17th century to use water from the nearby territories Ariccia and Nemi. In recent management of water supply was the responsibility of the municipality of Albano Laziale, who in 1994 made it known that on a global consumption of 137 liters of water per second, 102 were from wells located within the municipal area, 6 from source of NemiNemi
Nemi is a town and comune in the province of Rome , in the Alban Hills overlooking Lake Nemi, a volcanic crater lake. It is 6 km NW of Velletri and about 30 km southeast of Rome....
and 29 by the water of the Consortium of Simbrivio the following year, water consumption had risen to 146 liters per second and the extraction wells was increased to 116 liters. Since 2008 the water service is managed by the municipal company of the City of Rome.
Tourism
Albano has considerable tourism potential, which have been stepped up in recent years, due to the archeological Castra Albana, the natural beauty of the Colle dei Cappuccini and the shores of Lake Albano.Sports
The soccer team the city has historically Alba Longa, which after merging with other teams in Albalonga Pol was able to land in Series D Since 2001 the Alba Longa, colors are white and blue.There is also a town representative in soccer 5, Albalonga Football 5. Albano is represented in volleyball
Volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.The complete rules are extensive...
by the Albalonga Volleyball Club. In terms of basketball
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
, Albano's Albano Basketball Club team militates in Series D.
In fencing
Fencing
Fencing, which is also known as modern fencing to distinguish it from historical fencing, is a family of combat sports using bladed weapons.Fencing is one of four sports which have been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games...
, the town of Albano has its own representation. Besides the Institute equal Leonardo Murialdo school's fencing, the village of Cecchina is active in the local school of fencing, and is currently at the design stage of the formation of Cecchina S. S. Dodge.
Sport Facilities
- Stadio Comunale Pius XII (Albano center)
- Stadio Comunale di Via Hungary (Cecchina)
- Palestra Comunale di Via Rossini (Albano center)
- Centro Sportivo di Villa Doria (Albano centro)
- Palestra "A.Gramsci" dell'Istituto Comprensivo Scolastico di Pavona - Via Pescara (Pavona di Albano Laziale)
- Palestra Terme Domiziane - Via Legione Partica
Transportation
Public transportation is provided by the region's COTRAL bus lines, with regular bus connections to and from Rome. There is nearby train service directly to Stazione di Roma TerminiRoma Termini railway station
Roma Termini is the main train station of Rome. It is named after the district of the same name, which in turn took its name from ancient Baths of Diocletian , which lie across the street from the main entrance.-Overview:The station has regular train services to all major Italian cities as well...
from Albano Laziale.
Twin towns
Białogard, Poland, since 2004 KoszalinKoszalin
Koszalin ; is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. It is located 12 km south of the Baltic Sea coast. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999...
, Poland, since 2004 Alytus
Alytus
Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the capital of Alytus County. Its population in 2007 was 68,835. Alytus is the historical centre of the Dzūkija region. The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas River. The major highways linking Vilnius, Kaunas, Lazdijai, and...
, Lithuania, since 2004 Savelli, Italy