27 (number)
Encyclopedia
27 is the natural number
following 26
and preceding 28
.
). There are exactly 27 straight lines on a smooth cubic surface
, which give a basis of the fundamental representation
of the E6 Lie algebra
. 27 is also a decagonal number
.
27 has an aliquot sum of 13 and is the first composite member of the 13-aliquot tree with the aliquot sequence (27,13,1,0). Twenty-seven is the aliquot sum of the two odd discrete semiprime
s 69 and 133.
273 = 19,683 and 1+9+6+8+3=27.
In base 10, it is the first composite number
not evenly divisible by any of its digits. It is the radix
(base) of the septemvigesimal
positional
numeral system
.
In a prime reciprocal magic square
of the multiples of 1/7, the magic constant is 27.
In the Collatz conjecture
(aka the "3n + 1 conjecture") a starting value of 27 requires 112 steps to reach 1, many more than any lower number.
The unique simple formally real Jordan algebra
, the exceptional Jordan algebra of self-adjoint 3 by 3 matrices of quaternion
s, is 27-dimensional.
In base 10, it is a Smith number
and a Harshad number
.
It is the twenty-eighth (and twenty-ninth) digit in π
. (3.141592653589793238462643383279...).
If you start counting with 0 it is considered one of few Self-Locating strings in pi.
27 contain numbers 2 and 7 if you take line of numbers starting with 2 ending with 7 you will get 27 in result. (2+3+4+5+6+7=27)
, Brian Jones
, Jimi Hendrix
, Janis Joplin
, Jim Morrison
, Ron McKernan, Kurt Cobain
. The musicians who died at this age are often referred to as the 27 Club
.
There are many songs titled just "Twenty-Seven," so it will suffice to list the most famous: a song by Scottish
band Biffy Clyro
from their 2002 album, Blackened Sky
; the song by the Dave Matthews Band
"#27," which they began playing on their 2007 summer tour; the Lagwagon
song on their album Double Plaidinum
. A song by rock band Fall Out Boy
also bears the title "27," and is on their 2008 album Folie a Deux
.
An Atlanta based pop/punk band named Cartel
also has a song titled "27 Steps" in their 2009 album Cycles
.
The number also occurs buried in the lyrics without occurring in the title. American parodist "Weird Al" Yankovic
hides the number in many of his songs and videos. Ben Weasel
also likes to include the number in his songs for his bands Screeching Weasel
and The Riverdales
.
In the United States, the number 27 is associated with the East Bay
punk scene. There is also a band from Boston simply called 27.
Sector 27
is a rock band founded by Tom Robinson
.
Level 27 Clothing
is a brand started by Billy Martin
, guitarist for pop-punk band Good Charlotte
.
Wolfgang Mozart composed 27 concertos for pianoforte and orchestra.
Punk rock outfit Title Fight
has a song titled 27.
The band Pinhead Gunpowder
also has a song titled 27.
References:
other
Natural number
In mathematics, the natural numbers are the ordinary whole numbers used for counting and ordering . These purposes are related to the linguistic notions of cardinal and ordinal numbers, respectively...
following 26
26 (number)
26 is the natural number following 25 and preceding 27.- In mathematics :26 is the only positive integer that is one greater than a square and one less than a cube .A rhombicuboctahedron has twenty-six sides....
and preceding 28
28 (number)
28 is the natural number following 27 and preceding 29.-In mathematics:It is a composite number, its proper divisors being 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14....
.
In mathematics
Twenty-seven is a perfect cube, being 33 = 3 × 3 × 3. 27 is also 23 (see tetrationTetration
In mathematics, tetration is an iterated exponential and is the next hyper operator after exponentiation. The word tetration was coined by English mathematician Reuben Louis Goodstein from tetra- and iteration. Tetration is used for the notation of very large numbers...
). There are exactly 27 straight lines on a smooth cubic surface
Cubic surface
A cubic surface is a projective variety studied in algebraic geometry. It is an algebraic surface in three-dimensional projective space defined by a single polynomial which is homogeneous of degree 3...
, which give a basis of the fundamental representation
Fundamental representation
In representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, a fundamental representation is an irreducible finite-dimensional representation of a semisimple Lie group...
of the E6 Lie algebra
Lie algebra
In mathematics, a Lie algebra is an algebraic structure whose main use is in studying geometric objects such as Lie groups and differentiable manifolds. Lie algebras were introduced to study the concept of infinitesimal transformations. The term "Lie algebra" was introduced by Hermann Weyl in the...
. 27 is also a decagonal number
Decagonal number
A decagonal number is a figurate number that represents a decagon. The n-th decagonal number is given by the formulaThe first few decagonal numbers are:...
.
27 has an aliquot sum of 13 and is the first composite member of the 13-aliquot tree with the aliquot sequence (27,13,1,0). Twenty-seven is the aliquot sum of the two odd discrete semiprime
Semiprime
In mathematics, a semiprime is a natural number that is the product of two prime numbers. The first few semiprimes are 4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 21, 22, 25, 26, ... ....
s 69 and 133.
273 = 19,683 and 1+9+6+8+3=27.
In base 10, it is the first composite number
Composite number
A composite number is a positive integer which has a positive divisor other than one or itself. In other words a composite number is any positive integer greater than one that is not a prime number....
not evenly divisible by any of its digits. It is the radix
Radix
In mathematical numeral systems, the base or radix for the simplest case is the number of unique digits, including zero, that a positional numeral system uses to represent numbers. For example, for the decimal system the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9.In any numeral...
(base) of the septemvigesimal
Septemvigesimal
A septemvigesimal numeral system has a base of twenty-seven. It is used in two natural languages, the Telefol language and the Oksapmin language of Papua New Guinea....
positional
Positional notation
Positional notation or place-value notation is a method of representing or encoding numbers. Positional notation is distinguished from other notations for its use of the same symbol for the different orders of magnitude...
numeral system
Numeral system
A numeral system is a writing system for expressing numbers, that is a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using graphemes or symbols in a consistent manner....
.
In a prime reciprocal magic square
Prime reciprocal magic square
A prime reciprocal magic square is a magic square using the decimal digits of the reciprocal of a prime number.Consider a number divided into one, like 1/3 or 1/7. In base ten, the remainder, and so the digits, of 1/3 repeats at once: 0·3333... However, the remainders of 1/7 repeat over six, or...
of the multiples of 1/7, the magic constant is 27.
In the Collatz conjecture
Collatz conjecture
The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics named after Lothar Collatz, who first proposed it in 1937. The conjecture is also known as the 3n + 1 conjecture, the Ulam conjecture , Kakutani's problem , the Thwaites conjecture , Hasse's algorithm The Collatz conjecture is a...
(aka the "3n + 1 conjecture") a starting value of 27 requires 112 steps to reach 1, many more than any lower number.
The unique simple formally real Jordan algebra
Jordan algebra
In abstract algebra, a Jordan algebra is an algebra over a field whose multiplication satisfies the following axioms:# xy = yx # = x ....
, the exceptional Jordan algebra of self-adjoint 3 by 3 matrices of quaternion
Quaternion
In mathematics, the quaternions are a number system that extends the complex numbers. They were first described by Irish mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton in 1843 and applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space...
s, is 27-dimensional.
In base 10, it is a Smith number
Smith number
A Smith number is a composite number for which, in a given base , the sum of its digits is equal to the sum of the digits in its prime factorization. For example, 378 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 is a Smith number since 3 + 7 + 8 =...
and a Harshad number
Harshad number
A Harshad number, or Niven number in a given number base, is an integer that is divisible by the sum of its digits when written in that base. Harshad numbers were defined by D. R. Kaprekar, a mathematician from India. The word "Harshad" comes from the Sanskrit + , meaning joy-giver. The Niven...
.
It is the twenty-eighth (and twenty-ninth) digit in π
Pi
' is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of any circle's circumference to its diameter. is approximately equal to 3.14. Many formulae in mathematics, science, and engineering involve , which makes it one of the most important mathematical constants...
. (3.141592653589793238462643383279...).
If you start counting with 0 it is considered one of few Self-Locating strings in pi.
27 contain numbers 2 and 7 if you take line of numbers starting with 2 ending with 7 you will get 27 in result. (2+3+4+5+6+7=27)
In science
- The atomic numberAtomic numberIn chemistry and physics, the atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. It is conventionally represented by the symbol Z. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element...
of cobaltCobaltCobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. It is found naturally only in chemically combined form. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal....
. - The atomic weight of aluminum.
- 27 Geological epochs of Earth - Middle Triassic of the Mesozoic
Astronomy
- The Messier objectMessier objectThe Messier objects are a set of astronomical objects first listed by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1771. The original motivation of the catalogue was that Messier was a comet hunter, and was frustrated by objects which resembled but were not comets...
M27Dumbbell NebulaThe Dumbbell Nebula is a planetary nebula in the constellation Vulpecula, at a distance of about 1,360 light years....
, a magnitude 7.5 planetary nebulaPlanetary nebulaA planetary nebula is an emission nebula consisting of an expanding glowing shell of ionized gas ejected during the asymptotic giant branch phase of certain types of stars late in their life...
in the constellationConstellationIn modern astronomy, a constellation is an internationally defined area of the celestial sphere. These areas are grouped around asterisms, patterns formed by prominent stars within apparent proximity to one another on Earth's night sky....
VulpeculaVulpeculaVulpecula is a faint constellation in the northern sky. Its name is Latin for "little fox", although it is commonly known simply as the fox. It was identified in the seventeenth century, and is located in the middle of the Summer Triangle .-Stars:There are no stars brighter than 4th magnitude in...
, also known as the Dumbbell NebulaDumbbell NebulaThe Dumbbell Nebula is a planetary nebula in the constellation Vulpecula, at a distance of about 1,360 light years....
. - The New General CatalogueNew General CatalogueThe New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars is a well-known catalogue of deep sky objects in astronomy. It contains 7,840 objects, known as the NGC objects...
object NGC 27NGC 27NGC 27 is a spiral galaxy located in the Andromeda constellation....
, a spiral galaxySpiral galaxyA spiral galaxy is a certain kind of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae and, as such, forms part of the Hubble sequence. Spiral galaxies consist of a flat, rotating disk containing stars, gas and dust, and a central concentration of stars known as...
in the constellation AndromedaAndromeda (constellation)Andromeda is a constellation in the northern sky. It is named after Andromeda, the princess in the Greek legend of Perseus who was chained to a rock to be eaten by the sea monster Cetus... - The Saros number of the solar eclipseSolar eclipseAs seen from the Earth, a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun as viewed from a location on Earth. This can happen only during a new moon, when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth. At least...
series which began on 1993 March and ended on 713 April. The duration of Saros series 27 was 1280.1 years, and it contained 72 solar eclipses. Further, the Saros number of the lunar eclipseLunar eclipseA lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes behind the Earth so that the Earth blocks the Sun's rays from striking the Moon. This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned exactly, or very closely so, with the Earth in the middle. Hence, a lunar eclipse can only occur the night of a...
series which began on 1944 July and ended on 411 January. The duration of Saros series 27 was 1532.5 years, and it contained 86 lunar eclipses. - The 27th moon of JupiterJupiterJupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet within the Solar System. It is a gas giant with mass one-thousandth that of the Sun but is two and a half times the mass of all the other planets in our Solar System combined. Jupiter is classified as a gas giant along with Saturn,...
is SinopeSinope (moon)Sinope is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory in 1914, and is named after Sinope of Greek mythology....
. - The planet UranusUranusUranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System. It is named after the ancient Greek deity of the sky Uranus , the father of Cronus and grandfather of Zeus...
has 27 moons
Electronics
- The type 27 vacuum tubeVacuum tubeIn electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube , or thermionic valve , reduced to simply "tube" or "valve" in everyday parlance, is a device that relies on the flow of electric current through a vacuum...
(valve), a triodeTriodeA triode is an electronic amplification device having three active electrodes. The term most commonly applies to a vacuum tube with three elements: the filament or cathode, the grid, and the plate or anode. The triode vacuum tube was the first electronic amplification device...
introduced in 1927, was the first tube mass produced for commercial use to incorporate an indirectly heated cathodeHot cathodeIn vacuum tubes, a hot cathode is a cathode electrode which emits electrons due to thermionic emission. In the accelerator community, these are referred to as thermionic cathodes. The heating element is usually an electrical filament...
. This made it the first vacuum tube that could function as a detectorDetector (radio)A detector is a device that recovers information of interest contained in a modulated wave. The term dates from the early days of radio when all transmissions were in Morse code, and it was only necessary to detect the presence of a radio wave using a device such as a coherer without necessarily...
in AC-poweredAlternating currentIn alternating current the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. In direct current , the flow of electric charge is only in one direction....
radios. Prior to the introduction of the 27, home radios were powered by a set of three or more storage batteries with voltageVoltageVoltage, otherwise known as electrical potential difference or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points — or the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points...
s of 3 volts to 135 volts.
In religion, philosophy and the occult
- 27 - the highest level of knowledge in rupaloke (Buddhism).
- 27 - number of grains in some Buddhist rosary (108 divided by 4).
- 27 books in the second part of Bible (New TestamentNew TestamentThe New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
). - Pythagoras and Plato say that the number 3 in the cubed (ie 27) and number 2 in the cubed (ie, 8) represent the Cosmos.
- In the Kabbalah there are 27 letters, corresponding to 27 channels of communication with GodGodGod is the English name given to a singular being in theistic and deistic religions who is either the sole deity in monotheism, or a single deity in polytheism....
and 27 combinations of the names of GodGodGod is the English name given to a singular being in theistic and deistic religions who is either the sole deity in monotheism, or a single deity in polytheism....
and - 13 overt and 14 covert. - Some Masonic lodges have the 27th title.
- In some mystical teachings of the number 27 - is a hidden nine, which is a sign of darkness. The very same number of 27 - is a sign of killer.
- 27 - number of United Trinity Church, taken 9 times, symbolizing the fullness of the Absolute.
- Mystical root of 27 is the number 9.
- According to Feng ShuiFeng shuiFeng shui ' is a Chinese system of geomancy believed to use the laws of both Heaven and Earth to help one improve life by receiving positive qi. The original designation for the discipline is Kan Yu ....
, to raise money, keep in the house 27 identical coins.
In music
An unusual number of talented and famous rock/blues musicians died at age 27. These include Robert JohnsonRobert Johnson
Robert Leroy Johnson was an American blues singer and musician. His landmark recordings from 1936–37 display a combination of singing, guitar skills, and songwriting talent that have influenced later generations of musicians. Johnson's shadowy, poorly documented life and death at age 27 have given...
, Brian Jones
Brian Jones
Lewis Brian Hopkins Jones , known as Brian Jones, was an English musician and a founding member of the Rolling Stones....
, Jimi Hendrix
Jimi Hendrix
James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...
, Janis Joplin
Janis Joplin
Janis Lyn Joplin was an American singer, songwriter, painter, dancer and music arranger. She rose to prominence in the late 1960s as the lead singer of Big Brother and the Holding Company and later as a solo artist with her backing groups, The Kozmic Blues Band and The Full Tilt Boogie Band...
, Jim Morrison
Jim Morrison
James Douglas "Jim" Morrison was an American musician, singer, and poet, best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the rock band The Doors...
, Ron McKernan, Kurt Cobain
Kurt Cobain
Kurt Donald Cobain was an American singer-songwriter, musician and artist, best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the grunge band Nirvana...
. The musicians who died at this age are often referred to as the 27 Club
27 Club
The 27 Club—also occasionally known as the Forever 27 Club, Club 27 or the Curse of 27—is the title for a group of popular musicians who all died at the age of 27...
.
There are many songs titled just "Twenty-Seven," so it will suffice to list the most famous: a song by Scottish
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
band Biffy Clyro
Biffy Clyro
Biffy Clyro are a Scottish rock band from Kilmarnock, comprising Simon Neil , James Johnston and Ben Johnston...
from their 2002 album, Blackened Sky
Blackened Sky
Blackened Sky is the debut studio album by Scottish alternative rock band Biffy Clyro, released on 10 March 2002, on Beggars Banquet Records...
; the song by the Dave Matthews Band
Dave Matthews Band
Dave Matthews Band, sometimes shortened to DMB, is a U.S. rock band formed in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1991. The founding members were singer-songwriter and guitarist Dave Matthews, bassist Stefan Lessard, drummer/backing vocalist Carter Beauford and saxophonist LeRoi Moore. Boyd Tinsley was...
"#27," which they began playing on their 2007 summer tour; the Lagwagon
Lagwagon
Lagwagon is an American punk rock band originally from Goleta, just outside Santa Barbara, California. They formed in 1990 and went on hiatus and reunited several times over the years...
song on their album Double Plaidinum
Double Plaidinum
Double Plaidinum is the fourth album by Lagwagon, released on August 12, 1997 . It is their first album without the original line-up as guitarist Shawn Dewey and drummer Derrick Plourde both left the band before the recording of this album.-Track listing:# "Alien 8" – 1:50# "Making Friends" – 2:15#...
. A song by rock band Fall Out Boy
Fall Out Boy
Fall Out Boy is an American rock band from Wilmette, Illinois, formed in 2001. The band consists of vocalist, guitarist and composer Patrick Stump, bassist and lyricist Pete Wentz, guitarist Joe Trohman, and drummer Andy Hurley. The band released five studio albums from 2003–2008...
also bears the title "27," and is on their 2008 album Folie a Deux
Folie à deux
-Further reading:*Halgin, R. & Whitbourne, S. Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0072817216...
.
An Atlanta based pop/punk band named Cartel
Cartel
A cartel is a formal agreement among competing firms. It is a formal organization of producers and manufacturers that agree to fix prices, marketing, and production. Cartels usually occur in an oligopolistic industry, where there is a small number of sellers and usually involve homogeneous products...
also has a song titled "27 Steps" in their 2009 album Cycles
Cycles (Cartel album)
Cycles is the third full-length studio album by American rock band Cartel, released through Wind-up Records on October 20, 2009.-Background and production:...
.
The number also occurs buried in the lyrics without occurring in the title. American parodist "Weird Al" Yankovic
"Weird Al" Yankovic
Alfred Matthew "Weird Al" Yankovic is an American singer-songwriter, music producer, accordionist, actor, comedian, writer, satirist, and parodist. Yankovic is known for his humorous songs that make light of popular culture and that often parody specific songs by contemporary musical acts...
hides the number in many of his songs and videos. Ben Weasel
Ben Weasel
Ben Weasel is a punk rock musician, best known as the lead singer and guitarist of bands Screeching Weasel and The Riverdales...
also likes to include the number in his songs for his bands Screeching Weasel
Screeching Weasel
Screeching Weasel is an American punk rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois. The band was formed in 1986 by Ben Weasel and John Jughead.Since their formation, Screeching Weasel have broken up and reformed numerous times with numerous line-up changes. Ben Weasel has been the only constant...
and The Riverdales
The Riverdales
The Riverdales were an American punk rock band from Chicago, Illinois made up of rental Screeching Weasel members. Bassist Dan Vapid and guitarist, band owner, Ben Weasel are heavily influenced by the Ramones' sound and both serve as front-men, sharing lead vocals for the band. The Riverdales'...
.
In the United States, the number 27 is associated with the East Bay
East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)
The East Bay is a commonly used, informal term for the lands on the eastern side of the San Francisco Bay, in the San Francisco Bay Area, in California, United States...
punk scene. There is also a band from Boston simply called 27.
Sector 27
Sector 27
Sector 27 is a defunct British new wave band founded by Tom Robinson. Robinson left the band, and it continued without him for a number of years. Sector 27's first album was produced by Steve Lillywhite. Sector 27 toured with Elton John and The Police....
is a rock band founded by Tom Robinson
Tom Robinson
Tom Robinson is an English singer-songwriter, bassist and radio presenter, better known for the hits "Glad to Be Gay", "2-4-6-8 Motorway", and "Don't Take No for an Answer", with his Tom Robinson Band...
.
Level 27 Clothing
Level 27 Clothing
Level 27 Clothing is an American clothing company founded in 2000 and owned by Billy Martin from the band Good Charlotte and his best friend from high school: Steve Sievers....
is a brand started by Billy Martin
Billy Martin (guitarist)
William Dean "Billy" Martin is an American musician best known as the guitarist and keyboardist of the pop punk band Good Charlotte.-Life and career:...
, guitarist for pop-punk band Good Charlotte
Good Charlotte
Good Charlotte is an American rock band from Waldorf, Maryland that formed in 1996. Since 1998, the band's constant members have been lead vocalist Joel Madden, lead guitarist and back-up vocalist Benji Madden, bass guitarist Paul Thomas and rhythm guitarist and keyboardist Billy Martin...
.
Wolfgang Mozart composed 27 concertos for pianoforte and orchestra.
Punk rock outfit Title Fight
Title Fight
Title Fight is an American pop punk/hardcore band from Kingston, Pennsylvania, United States, formed in 2003. Title Fight plays music in the vein of Jawbreaker, Kid Dynamite and Lifetime, taking influence from such pop punk acts as Saves the Day and emo bands Knapsack and Seaweed...
has a song titled 27.
The band Pinhead Gunpowder
Pinhead Gunpowder
Pinhead Gunpowder is an American punk rock band formed East Bay, California, in 1990. The band has consisted of Aaron Cometbus , Bill Schneider , Billie Joe Armstrong and Jason White for the majority of its existence...
also has a song titled 27.
In art
movies:- Summer, or 27 missing kisses
- Chapter 27-I
- 27 Dresses
- 27 fights
- Order number 27
References:
- Three of the cube is zero (science-fiction story)
other
- The Minneapolis-based artist Deuce 7Deuce 7Deuce 7 is the pseudonym of an American artist based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.-Background:Deuce 7 has been a railfan since his early days, and eventually began freighthopping as a means of transport as well as to spread his work beyond the Minneapolis area. His love of trains and freighthopping...
(a.k.a. Deuce Seven, Twenty Seven, 27).
In sports
- The number of outs in a regulation baseball game for each team at all adult levels, including professional play, is 27.
- In auto racing, 27 and 28 were Ferrari Formula one numbers from 1981 to 1995 except in 1990 when reigning WC Alain ProstAlain ProstAlain Marie Pascal Prost, OBE, Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur is a French racing driver. A four-time Formula One Drivers' Champion, Prost has won more titles than any driver except for Juan Manuel Fangio , and Michael Schumacher . From 1987 until 2001 Prost held the record for most Grand Prix...
had the right to use #1 and drove for the team, Nigel Mansell used #2. Popular driver Gilles VilleneuveGilles VilleneuveJoseph Gilles Henri Villeneuve, better known as Gilles Villeneuve , was a Canadian racing driver. An enthusiast of cars and fast driving from an early age, he started his professional career in snowmobile racing in his native province of Quebec...
used the number on his final days in F1 and later was adopted by his son, Formula OneFormula OneFormula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1 and referred to officially as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . The "formula" designation in the name refers to a set of rules with which...
World Champion Jacques VilleneuveJacques VilleneuveJacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve, , is a Canadian musician and automobile racing driver. He is the son of the late Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, and is the namesake of his uncle...
, in his NASCARNASCARThe National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing is a family-owned and -operated business venture that sanctions and governs multiple auto racing sports events. It was founded by Bill France Sr. in 1947–48. As of 2009, the CEO for the company is Brian France, grandson of the late Bill France Sr...
debut. Jean AlesiJean AlesiJean Alesi is a French racing driver of Italian origin. His Formula One career included spells at Tyrrell, Benetton, Sauber, Prost, Jordan and most notably Ferrari where he proved very popular among the tifosi...
, another popular Ferrari driver was the last one ever to use the number back in 1995, also winning the last race with it (as of August 2011), the Canadian GP. Ayrton SennaAyrton SennaAyrton Senna da Silva was a Brazilian racing driver. A three-time Formula One world champion, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time...
won his second Formula OneFormula OneFormula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1 and referred to officially as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . The "formula" designation in the name refers to a set of rules with which...
World Championship using the mystic number 27 in 1990 in a McLaren Honda, as mentioned, the only time Ferrari didn't use the number during that period. - The jersey numberSquad numberIn team sports, the squad number, shirt number, jersey number, sweater number, uniform number or simply a number is the number worn on a player's uniform, to identify and distinguish each player from others wearing the same or similar uniforms...
27 has been retired by several North American sports teams in honor of past playing greats:- In Major League BaseballMajor League BaseballMajor League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, consisting of teams that play in the National League and the American League...
:- The Boston Red SoxBoston Red SoxThe Boston Red Sox are a professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts, and a member of Major League Baseball’s American League Eastern Division. Founded in as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox's home ballpark has been Fenway Park since . The "Red Sox"...
, for Hall of FamerNational Baseball Hall of Fame and MuseumThe National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is an American history museum and hall of fame, located at 25 Main Street in Cooperstown, New York, operated by private interests serving as the central point for the study of the history of baseball in the United States and beyond, the display of...
Carlton FiskCarlton FiskCarlton Ernest Fisk , nicknamed "Pudge" or "The Commander", is a former Major League Baseball catcher. During a 24-year baseball career, he played for both the Boston Red Sox and Chicago White Sox .Fisk was known by the nickname "Pudge" due to his 6'2", 220 lb frame...
. - The Oakland AthleticsOakland AthleticsThe Oakland Athletics are a Major League Baseball team based in Oakland, California. The Athletics are a member of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. From to the present, the Athletics have played in the O.co Coliseum....
, for Hall of Famer Catfish HunterCatfish HunterJames Augustus "Catfish" Hunter , was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher. During a 15-year baseball career, he pitched from 1965-1979 for both the Oakland Athletics and the New York Yankees...
. - The San Francisco GiantsSan Francisco GiantsThe San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball team based in San Francisco, California, playing in the National League West Division....
, for Hall of Famer Juan MarichalJuan MarichalJuan Antonio Marichal Sánchez is a former right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. Playing for the San Francisco Giants most of his career, Marichal was known for his high leg kick, pinpoint control and intimidation tactics, which included aiming pitches directly at the opposing batters'...
.
- The Boston Red Sox
- In the NBANational Basketball AssociationThe National Basketball Association is the pre-eminent men's professional basketball league in North America. It consists of thirty franchised member clubs, of which twenty-nine are located in the United States and one in Canada...
:- The Sacramento KingsSacramento KingsThe Sacramento Kings are a professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California, United States. They are currently members of the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association...
, for Hall of FamerBasketball Hall of FameThe Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, located in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, honors exceptional basketball players, coaches, referees, executives, and other major contributors to the game of basketball worldwide...
Jack TwymanJack TwymanJohn Kennedy "Jack" Twyman is an American former professional basketball player and sports broadcaster.-Playing career:...
, who played with the team in its past incarnations as the Rochester and Cincinnati Royals.
- The Sacramento Kings
- In the NHLNational Hockey LeagueThe National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States...
:- The Phoenix CoyotesPhoenix CoyotesThe Phoenix Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in Glendale, Arizona. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League . They play their home games at Jobing.com Arena....
, for Teppo NumminenTeppo NumminenTeppo Kalevi Numminen is a retired Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League. He is currently an assistant coach for the Buffalo Sabres.-Playing career:...
. - The Toronto Maple LeafsToronto Maple LeafsThe Toronto Maple Leafs are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League...
have a policy of not retiring numbers unless the player honoured either died or suffered a career-ending incident while a member of the team. Other players whose numbers would otherwise be retired instead have their numbers enshrined by the team as "Honoured Numbers", which remain in circulation for future players. The number 27 is currently honoured for Frank MahovlichFrank MahovlichFrancis William "The Big M" Mahovlich, CM is a Canadian Senator, and a retired NHL ice hockey player, nicknamed the "Big M." He played on six Stanley Cup-winning teams and is an inductee of the Hockey Hall of Fame.-Playing career:...
and Darryl SittlerDarryl SittlerDarryl Glen Sittler is a retired professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League from 1970 until 1985 for the Toronto Maple Leafs, the Philadelphia Flyers and the Detroit Red Wings. He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1989.On February 7, 1976, Sittler set an NHL...
.
- The Phoenix Coyotes
- No team in the NFLNational Football LeagueThe National Football League is the highest level of professional American football in the United States, and is considered the top professional American football league in the world. It was formed by eleven teams in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, with the league changing...
has retired the number.
- In Major League Baseball
- The jersey number 27 has also been retired by the softball programArizona Wildcats softballThe Arizona Wildcats softball team represents the University of Arizona in NCAA Division I Softball. Having claimed eight national championships , the Arizona Softball program is one of the most successful in the history of the sport. The Wildcats play their home games at Rita Hillenbrand Memorial...
of the University of ArizonaUniversity of ArizonaThe University of Arizona is a land-grant and space-grant public institution of higher education and research located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. The University of Arizona was the first university in the state of Arizona, founded in 1885...
for pitching great Jennie FinchJennie FinchJennie Lynn Finch , who occasionally uses her husband's surname Daigle, is a former American softball player who pitched for the USA national softball team and the Chicago Bandits. Finch helped lead Team USA to the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics...
. - The modalMode (statistics)In statistics, the mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a data set or a probability distribution. In some fields, notably education, sample data are often called scores, and the sample mode is known as the modal score....
age of the peak performance year for Major League Baseball position players, according to a commonly accepted theory by sabermetricianSabermetricsSabermetrics is the specialized analysis of baseball through objective, empirical evidence, specifically baseball statistics that measure in-game activity. The term is derived from the acronym SABR, which stands for the Society for American Baseball Research...
Bill JamesBill JamesGeorge William “Bill” James is a baseball writer, historian, and statistician whose work has been widely influential. Since 1977, James has written more than two dozen books devoted to baseball history and statistics... - In WWE's annual pay-per-viewPay-per-viewPay-per-view provides a service by which a television audience can purchase events to view via private telecast. The broadcaster shows the event at the same time to everyone ordering it...
event Royal RumbleRoyal RumbleThe Royal Rumble is a professional wrestling pay-per-view event, produced every January by WWE, a professional wrestling promotion based in Connecticut. The event was created in 1988, with its inaugural event taking place on January 24, 1988 at the Copps Coliseum in Hamilton, Ontario...
, four WWE Superstars had won the 30-man Royal Rumble at #27 more times than any others number, including #1 and #30. - The number that Essendon Football ClubEssendon Football ClubThe Essendon Football Club, nicknamed The Bombers, is an Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League...
player Simon MaddenSimon MaddenSimon Madden was an Australian rules footballer for the Essendon Football Club from 1974 until 1992. He was also president of the AFL Players Association from 1985 until 1989....
wore from 1994 - 1992.
In other fields
Twenty-seven is also:- A-27 - American attack aircraft
- The 27th U.S.A state - Florida
- The total number of letters in the Hebrew alphabetHebrew alphabetThe Hebrew alphabet , known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script, block script, or more historically, the Assyrian script, is used in the writing of the Hebrew language, as well as other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. There have been two...
(22 regular letters and 5 final consonants) - The current number of Amendments to the United States ConstitutionUnited States ConstitutionThe Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It is the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the relationship of the federal government with the states, citizens, and all people within the United States.The first three...
- The code for international direct-dial phone calls to South Africa
- The designation (I-27Interstate 27Interstate 27 is an intrastate Interstate Highway, located entirely in the U.S. state of Texas, running north from Lubbock to Interstate 40 in Amarillo. These two cities are the only control cities on I-27; other cities and towns served by I-27 include New Deal, Abernathy, Hale Center, Plainview,...
) of a USUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
interstate highway in Texas - The designation (US 27) of a United States national highway from Fort Wayne, IndianaFort Wayne, IndianaFort Wayne is a city in the US state of Indiana and the county seat of Allen County. The population was 253,691 at the 2010 Census making it the 74th largest city in the United States and the second largest in Indiana...
to Miami, Florida - The name of a cigarette, Marlboro Blend No. 27
- Alternate name for The Hunt, a book by William Diehl
- The number of the French department EureEureEure is a department in the north of France named after the river Eure.- History :Eure is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790...
- The number of countries in the European UnionEuropean UnionThe European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
(as of August 2011) - Abbé Faria's prisoner number in the book The Count of Monte Cristo
- The number of species Captain Jean-Luc PicardJean-Luc PicardCaptain Jean-Luc Picard is a Star Trek character portrayed by Patrick Stewart. He appears in the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and the feature films Star Trek Generations, Star Trek: First Contact, Star Trek: Insurrection, and Star Trek Nemesis...
has made contact with in the series Star Trek: The Next GenerationStar Trek: The Next GenerationStar Trek: The Next Generation is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry as part of the Star Trek franchise. Roddenberry, Rick Berman, and Michael Piller served as executive producers at different times throughout the production... - One of the anthropomorphic math symbols Lisa Simpson imagines talking to her in The Simpsons episode "Girls Just Want to Have SumsGirls Just Want to Have Sums“Girls Just Want to Have Sums” is the nineteenth episode of the seventeenth season of The Simpsons. It originally aired on April 30, 2006.-Plot:...
", which, instead of offering the expected pun-based aphorismAphorismAn aphorism is an original thought, spoken or written in a laconic and memorable form.The term was first used in the Aphorisms of Hippocrates...
, rather unhelpfully only says "twenty seven" - In Steven King's novel "It", It returns every 27 years to Derry.
- 27 is the number of bones in the human hand.
- 27 is also the number of bones in the human foot.
- 27 horde - the largest clan of game "Heroes of Wars and Money".