William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
Encyclopedia
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham (c. 1510 – 12 January 1573), was the eldest son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
by his second wife, Agnes Tilney
. Howard served four monarchs, Henry VIII
, Edward VI
, Queen Mary
and Queen Elizabeth
, in various official capacities, most notably on diplomatic missions and as Lord Admiral and Lord Chamberlain of the Household.
by his second wife, Agnes Tilney
, the daughter of Hugh Tilney of Skirbeck
and Boston, Lincolnshire
and a daughter of Walter Tailboys. Howard was thus the half brother of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
, the 2nd Duke's eldest son and heir by his first marriage to Agnes Tilney's cousin, Elizabeth Tilney.
Howard was brought to court at a young age after completing his education at Trinity Hall, Cambridge
. In 1531 he was sent on an embassy to Scotland by King Henry VIII
, and accompanied the King to Boulogne
in October 1532. In May 1533, as deputy to his stepbrother, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
, he served as Earl Marshal
at the coronation of his niece, Anne Boleyn
, the daughter of his half sister, Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire
. On the 10 September 1533, Howard bore the canopy over his great-niece princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth 1). In 1534 Howard went to Scotland. His instructions including getting the measurements of James V of Scotland
from the Bishop of Aberdeen, Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Then Howard's tailor would make Henry VIII's nephew a new suit of clothes as a present. Howard would then broach the subject of the two Kings meeting in person. In February 1535 he was sent again to Scotland to invest James V with the Order of the Garter
and brought a present of 'great horses.' Howard met James V at Stirling Castle
on Good Friday
. They discussed a possible meeting of the two Kings at Newcastle at Michaelmas
. Margaret Tudor
praised his abilities and wrote that her son James V, "lykkis hym right weill."
In June 1535 he was in France as a member of the English embassy authorized to negotiate with the French Admiral, Philippe de Chabot
. In February 1536 he was again in Scotland, this time for the purpose of persuading the Scottish King to adopt Henry VIII's religious policy. He returned to Scotland again in April. He was again in France in 1537. On 11 December 1539 he was among those who welcomed King Henry VIII's fourth bride, Anne of Cleves
at Calais
.
While on an embassy to France in 1541 Lord Howard was charged with concealing the sexual indiscretions of his young niece, Katherine Howard, Henry VIII's fifth Queen, and was recalled to England to stand trial. On 22 December 1541 Lord Howard, his wife, and a number of servants who had been alleged witnesses to the Queen's misconduct were arraigned for misprision of treason
, convicted, and sentenced to life imprisonment and loss of goods. Howard and most of the others were pardoned after Queen Katherine's execution on 13 February 1542.
In 1544 Lord Howard accompanied the Earl of Hertford's
forces in the invasion of Scotland
. It was reported that he was hurt in the cheek by an English arrow during fighting on Edinburgh's Royal Mile
. In July of that year he took part in the siege of Boulogne. On 27 May 1545 the King's Council ordered Howard to ‘repayre to serve uppon the sees’. Later orders show that he detained several foreign vessels while patrolling the English Channel
. In May 1546 he was entrusted with the sum of £12,000 to pay the English army at Calais. In connection with these duties he was referred to as ‘vice-admiral’ to the then Lord Admiral, Viscount Lisle
. When Lisle's attendance was required in May 1546 at negotiations which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Ardres on 7 June 1546, he turned command of the English fleet over to Howard.
Lord Howard's career received a check in 1547 with the downfall of his step-nephew Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
. However the setback was temporary. Lord Howard was an ally of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
, then Earl of Warwick, in his coup against the Protector Somerset
in October 1549, and on 19 March 1551 received the manor of Effingham
, Surrey, and other properties by way of reward. On 29 October 1552 Northumberland secured Lord Howard's appointment as Lord Deputy
and Governor of Calais, and in the same month he was sworn of the Privy Council
. When the young King Edward VI
died on 6 July 1553, Lord Howard held Calais for Queen Mary
against the supporters of the nine days Queen, Lady Jane Grey
.
On 2 January 1554 Lord Howard was appointed to meet the Spanish ambassadors who had come to London to negotiate a marriage between Queen Mary and King Philip II of Spain
. Wyatt's rebellion
broke out on 25 January, and Howard was among those who raised the militia
to defend London. On 7 February 1554 he held Ludgate
, preventing the rebels from entering the City and leading to their surrender a few hours later. He was appointed to Queen Mary's Privy Council on 3 January 1554, and on 11 March was created Baron Howard of Effingham. On 20 March 1554 he was granted a patent as Lord Admiral, replacing Lord Clinton
. On 9 October of that year he was made a Knight of the Garter.
As Lord Admiral, Howard, with a fleet of 28 ships, met King Philip II on his arrival in England in 1555, and in August of that year escorted the King to Flanders
. In 1557 Howard's fleet transported a force under the command of the Earl of Pembroke to Calais. Lord Howard's support for the accession of his great-niece, Princess Elizabeth
, exposed him to suspicion, although he was never considered disloyal by Queen Mary. In February 1558 Howard's patent as Lord Admiral was revoked, and on 12 February 1558 the office was restored to Lord Clinton. Howard was compensated by a grant of the reversion
of the office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household and an annuity of 200 marks, effective the previous September.
, where he was awarded the degree of Master of Arts; on 6 October 1566 he was awarded a similar degree by the University of Oxford
. According to McDermott, he was a 'near constant attendee at privy council meetings during the 1560s', but by the latter part of 1572 he could no longer discharge his duties as Lord Chamberlain because of ill health, and the Queen appointed his nephew, the Earl of Sussex, to replace him, appointing Howard as Lord Privy Seal
. Howard died at Hampton Court Palace
on 12 January 1573, and was buried on 29 January at Reigate
.
Whitgift School
currently stands on the site of the former Howard estate at Effingham. There is a full-length portrait of Lord Howard by Daniël Mijtens
at Nostell Priory
.
, and Anne, the daughter of Sir Guy Sapcote. They had one daughter, Agnes, who married William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester
. Lord Howard married secondly, before 1536, Margaret (d. 1581), the third daughter of Sir Thomas Gamage of Coity
, Glamorganshire and Margaret, the daughter of Sir John Saint John of Bletsoe
, Bedfordshire, by whom he had four sons: Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham
, Sir William Howard of Lingfield
, Edward and Henry, and five daughters, Douglas
(wife firstly of John Sheffield, 2nd Baron Sheffield of Butterwick, Lincolnshire
, secondly, of Sir Edward Stafford of Grafton), Mary (wife of Edward Sutton, 4th Lord Dudley, and Richard Mompesson), Frances (wife of Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford
), Martha (wife of Sir George Bourchier
), and Katherine.
Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal , styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1514, was the only son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk by his first wife, Katherine Moleyns...
by his second wife, Agnes Tilney
Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk
Agnes Howard was the second wife of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Two of King Henry VIII's Queens were her step-granddaughters, Anne Boleyn, and Katherine Howard...
. Howard served four monarchs, Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
, Edward VI
Edward VI of England
Edward VI was the King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first monarch who was raised as a Protestant...
, Queen Mary
Mary I of England
Mary I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.She was the only surviving child born of the ill-fated marriage of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547...
and Queen Elizabeth
Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...
, in various official capacities, most notably on diplomatic missions and as Lord Admiral and Lord Chamberlain of the Household.
Career
Lord William Howard was born about 1510, the eldest son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal , styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1514, was the only son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk by his first wife, Katherine Moleyns...
by his second wife, Agnes Tilney
Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk
Agnes Howard was the second wife of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Two of King Henry VIII's Queens were her step-granddaughters, Anne Boleyn, and Katherine Howard...
, the daughter of Hugh Tilney of Skirbeck
Skirbeck
Skirbeck is a suburb and former civil parish in the Borough of Boston in the county of Lincolnshire, England. Skirbeck is a long v-shaped formation wrapped around the south and east side of Boston parish. It has been incorporated into the Borough of Boston since 1932...
and Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a town and small port in Lincolnshire, on the east coast of England. It is the largest town of the wider Borough of Boston local government district and had a total population of 55,750 at the 2001 census...
and a daughter of Walter Tailboys. Howard was thus the half brother of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal was a prominent Tudor politician. He was uncle to Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, two of the wives of King Henry VIII, and played a major role in the machinations behind these marriages...
, the 2nd Duke's eldest son and heir by his first marriage to Agnes Tilney's cousin, Elizabeth Tilney.
Howard was brought to court at a young age after completing his education at Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Trinity Hall is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It is the fifth-oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1350 by William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich.- Foundation :...
. In 1531 he was sent on an embassy to Scotland by King Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
, and accompanied the King to Boulogne
Boulogne-sur-Mer
-Road:* Metropolitan bus services are operated by the TCRB* Coach services to Calais and Dunkerque* A16 motorway-Rail:* The main railway station is Gare de Boulogne-Ville and located in the south of the city....
in October 1532. In May 1533, as deputy to his stepbrother, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal was a prominent Tudor politician. He was uncle to Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, two of the wives of King Henry VIII, and played a major role in the machinations behind these marriages...
, he served as Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England...
at the coronation of his niece, Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn ;c.1501/1507 – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of Henry VIII of England and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right. Henry's marriage to Anne, and her subsequent execution, made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the...
, the daughter of his half sister, Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire
Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire
Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire , born Lady Elizabeth Howard, was the eldest of the two daughters of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and his first wife Elizabeth Tilney. Through her marriage, she held the titles of Countess of Wiltshire, Countess of Ormond and Viscountess Rochford...
. On the 10 September 1533, Howard bore the canopy over his great-niece princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth 1). In 1534 Howard went to Scotland. His instructions including getting the measurements of James V of Scotland
James V of Scotland
James V was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss...
from the Bishop of Aberdeen, Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Then Howard's tailor would make Henry VIII's nephew a new suit of clothes as a present. Howard would then broach the subject of the two Kings meeting in person. In February 1535 he was sent again to Scotland to invest James V with the Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry, or knighthood, existing in England. The order is dedicated to the image and arms of St...
and brought a present of 'great horses.' Howard met James V at Stirling Castle
Stirling Castle
Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles, both historically and architecturally, in Scotland. The castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. It is surrounded on three sides by steep...
on Good Friday
Good Friday
Good Friday , is a religious holiday observed primarily by Christians commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and his death at Calvary. The holiday is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum on the Friday preceding Easter Sunday, and may coincide with the Jewish observance of...
. They discussed a possible meeting of the two Kings at Newcastle at Michaelmas
Michaelmas
Michaelmas, the feast of Saint Michael the Archangel is a day in the Western Christian calendar which occurs on 29 September...
. Margaret Tudor
Margaret Tudor
Margaret Tudor was the elder of the two surviving daughters of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and the elder sister of Henry VIII. In 1503, she married James IV, King of Scots. James died in 1513, and their son became King James V. She married secondly Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of...
praised his abilities and wrote that her son James V, "lykkis hym right weill."
In June 1535 he was in France as a member of the English embassy authorized to negotiate with the French Admiral, Philippe de Chabot
Philippe de Chabot
Philippe de Chabot, Seigneur De Brion, Count of Charny and Buzançois , also known as Admiral De Brion, was an admiral of France.- Biography :...
. In February 1536 he was again in Scotland, this time for the purpose of persuading the Scottish King to adopt Henry VIII's religious policy. He returned to Scotland again in April. He was again in France in 1537. On 11 December 1539 he was among those who welcomed King Henry VIII's fourth bride, Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves was a German noblewoman and the fourth wife of Henry VIII of England and as such she was Queen of England from 6 January 1540 to 9 July 1540. The marriage was never consummated, and she was not crowned queen consort...
at Calais
Calais
Calais is a town in Northern France in the department of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sub-prefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's capital is its third-largest city of Arras....
.
While on an embassy to France in 1541 Lord Howard was charged with concealing the sexual indiscretions of his young niece, Katherine Howard, Henry VIII's fifth Queen, and was recalled to England to stand trial. On 22 December 1541 Lord Howard, his wife, and a number of servants who had been alleged witnesses to the Queen's misconduct were arraigned for misprision of treason
Misprision of treason
Misprision of treason is an offence found in many common law jurisdictions around the world, having been inherited from English law. It is committed by someone who knows a treason is being or is about to be committed but does not report it to a proper authority...
, convicted, and sentenced to life imprisonment and loss of goods. Howard and most of the others were pardoned after Queen Katherine's execution on 13 February 1542.
In 1544 Lord Howard accompanied the Earl of Hertford's
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp of Hache, KG, Earl Marshal was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in 1547 and his own indictment in 1549....
forces in the invasion of Scotland
Burning of Edinburgh (1544)
The Burning of Edinburgh in 1544 by an English sea-borne army was the first major action of the war of the Rough Wooing. A Scottish army observed the landing on 3 May 1544 but did not engage with the English force. The Provost of Edinburgh was compelled to allow the English to sack Leith and...
. It was reported that he was hurt in the cheek by an English arrow during fighting on Edinburgh's Royal Mile
Royal Mile
The Royal Mile is a succession of streets which form the main thoroughfare of the Old Town of the city of Edinburgh in Scotland.As the name suggests, the Royal Mile is approximately one Scots mile long, and runs between two foci of history in Scotland, from Edinburgh Castle at the top of the Castle...
. In July of that year he took part in the siege of Boulogne. On 27 May 1545 the King's Council ordered Howard to ‘repayre to serve uppon the sees’. Later orders show that he detained several foreign vessels while patrolling the English Channel
English Channel
The English Channel , often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest to in the Strait of Dover...
. In May 1546 he was entrusted with the sum of £12,000 to pay the English army at Calais. In connection with these duties he was referred to as ‘vice-admiral’ to the then Lord Admiral, Viscount Lisle
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG was an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King Edward VI from 1550 until 1553, and unsuccessfully tried to install Lady Jane Grey on the English throne after the King's death...
. When Lisle's attendance was required in May 1546 at negotiations which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Ardres on 7 June 1546, he turned command of the English fleet over to Howard.
Lord Howard's career received a check in 1547 with the downfall of his step-nephew Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Henry Howard, KG, , known as The Earl of Surrey although he never was a peer, was an English aristocrat, and one of the founders of English Renaissance poetry.-Life:...
. However the setback was temporary. Lord Howard was an ally of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG was an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King Edward VI from 1550 until 1553, and unsuccessfully tried to install Lady Jane Grey on the English throne after the King's death...
, then Earl of Warwick, in his coup against the Protector Somerset
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp of Hache, KG, Earl Marshal was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in 1547 and his own indictment in 1549....
in October 1549, and on 19 March 1551 received the manor of Effingham
Effingham
Effingham is an English village in the Borough of Guildford in Surrey, bordering Mole Valley. There is a railway station at Effingham Junction , at the point where a branch of the Sutton & Mole Valley Line joins the New Guildford Line - these are both routes between London Waterloo and Guildford.-...
, Surrey, and other properties by way of reward. On 29 October 1552 Northumberland secured Lord Howard's appointment as Lord Deputy
Lord Deputy of Calais
The town of Calais, now part of France, was in English hands from 1347 to 1558, and this page lists the commanders of Calais, holding office from the English Crown, called at different times Captain of Calais, King's Lieutenant of Calais , or Lord Deputy of Calais.-Terminology and...
and Governor of Calais, and in the same month he was sworn of the Privy Council
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom...
. When the young King Edward VI
Edward VI of England
Edward VI was the King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first monarch who was raised as a Protestant...
died on 6 July 1553, Lord Howard held Calais for Queen Mary
Mary I of England
Mary I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.She was the only surviving child born of the ill-fated marriage of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547...
against the supporters of the nine days Queen, Lady Jane Grey
Lady Jane Grey
Lady Jane Grey , also known as The Nine Days' Queen, was an English noblewoman who was de facto monarch of England from 10 July until 19 July 1553 and was subsequently executed...
.
On 2 January 1554 Lord Howard was appointed to meet the Spanish ambassadors who had come to London to negotiate a marriage between Queen Mary and King Philip II of Spain
Philip II of Spain
Philip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count....
. Wyatt's rebellion
Wyatt's rebellion
Wyatt's Rebellion was a popular uprising in England in 1554, named after Thomas Wyatt the younger, one of its leaders. The rebellion arose out of concern over Queen Mary I's determination to marry Philip II of Spain, which was an unpopular policy with the English...
broke out on 25 January, and Howard was among those who raised the militia
Militia
The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary citizens to provide defense, emergency law enforcement, or paramilitary service, in times of emergency without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. It is a polyseme with...
to defend London. On 7 February 1554 he held Ludgate
Ludgate
Ludgate was the westernmost gate in London Wall. The name survives in Ludgate Hill, an eastward continuation of Fleet Street, and Ludgate Circus.-Etymology:...
, preventing the rebels from entering the City and leading to their surrender a few hours later. He was appointed to Queen Mary's Privy Council on 3 January 1554, and on 11 March was created Baron Howard of Effingham. On 20 March 1554 he was granted a patent as Lord Admiral, replacing Lord Clinton
Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln
Edward Fiennes, 1st Earl of Lincoln, KG, also known as Edward Clinton was an English nobleman and Lord High Admiral.-Background:...
. On 9 October of that year he was made a Knight of the Garter.
As Lord Admiral, Howard, with a fleet of 28 ships, met King Philip II on his arrival in England in 1555, and in August of that year escorted the King to Flanders
Flanders
Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
. In 1557 Howard's fleet transported a force under the command of the Earl of Pembroke to Calais. Lord Howard's support for the accession of his great-niece, Princess Elizabeth
Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...
, exposed him to suspicion, although he was never considered disloyal by Queen Mary. In February 1558 Howard's patent as Lord Admiral was revoked, and on 12 February 1558 the office was restored to Lord Clinton. Howard was compensated by a grant of the reversion
Reversion
Reversion may refer to:*Reversion *Reversion *Reversion *Reversion *Series reversion, in mathematics*Reversion, in evolutionary biology...
of the office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household and an annuity of 200 marks, effective the previous September.
Final years
After Queen Elizabeth's accession on 17 November 1558, Howard succeeded Edward Hastings as Lord Chamberlain and was appointed to the Privy Council. In early 1559 he was among those who negotiated the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis. In August 1564 he accompanied the Queen on a visit to CambridgeUniversity of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
, where he was awarded the degree of Master of Arts; on 6 October 1566 he was awarded a similar degree by the University of Oxford
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
. According to McDermott, he was a 'near constant attendee at privy council meetings during the 1560s', but by the latter part of 1572 he could no longer discharge his duties as Lord Chamberlain because of ill health, and the Queen appointed his nephew, the Earl of Sussex, to replace him, appointing Howard as Lord Privy Seal
Lord Privy Seal
The Lord Privy Seal is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord President of the Council and above the Lord Great Chamberlain. The office is one of the traditional sinecure offices of state...
. Howard died at Hampton Court Palace
Hampton Court Palace
Hampton Court Palace is a royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, Greater London; it has not been inhabited by the British royal family since the 18th century. The palace is located south west of Charing Cross and upstream of Central London on the River Thames...
on 12 January 1573, and was buried on 29 January at Reigate
Reigate
Reigate is a historic market town in Surrey, England, at the foot of the North Downs, and in the London commuter belt. It is one of the main constituents of the Borough of Reigate and Banstead...
.
Whitgift School
Whitgift School
Whitgift School is an independent day school educating approximately 1,400 boys aged 10 to 18 in South Croydon, London in a parkland site.- History and grounds :...
currently stands on the site of the former Howard estate at Effingham. There is a full-length portrait of Lord Howard by Daniël Mijtens
Daniël Mijtens
Daniël Mijtens , known in England as Daniel Mytens the Elder, was a Dutch portrait painter who spent the central years of his career working in England.-Biography:...
at Nostell Priory
Nostell Priory
Nostell Priory is a Palladian house located in Nostell, near Crofton close to Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England, approached by the Doncaster road from Wakefield...
.
Marriages and issue
Lord Howard married firstly, before 18 June 1531, Katherine (d. 23 April 1535), the daughter of John Broughton of Toddington, BedfordshireToddington, Bedfordshire
Toddington is a large village and civil parish in the county of Bedfordshire, England which is situated 5 miles NNW of Luton, north of Dunstable, south west of Woburn and 35 miles NNW of London on the A5120 and B579. It is 0.5 miles from Junction 12 of the M1 motorway and lends its...
, and Anne, the daughter of Sir Guy Sapcote. They had one daughter, Agnes, who married William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester
William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester
William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester was the son of John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester and Elizabeth Willoughby. He married Agnes Howard, daughter of William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham and his first wife, Katherine Broughton.- Children :# Lord William Paulet, 4th Marquess of...
. Lord Howard married secondly, before 1536, Margaret (d. 1581), the third daughter of Sir Thomas Gamage of Coity
Coity Castle
Coity Castle in Glamorgan, Wales is a Norman castle built by Sir Payn "the Demon" de Turberville , one of the legendary Twelve Knights of Glamorgan supposed to have conquered Glamorgan under the leadership of Robert FitzHamon, Lord of Gloucester. Now in ruins, it stands in the Community of Coity...
, Glamorganshire and Margaret, the daughter of Sir John Saint John of Bletsoe
Bletsoe
Bletsoe is a village and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England. It is on the A6, and about eight miles north of Bedford. The village has a small park, the former site of Bletsoe Castle and a church. Nearby places are Sharnbrook, Milton Ernest, Riseley, Thurleigh, Odell, Souldrop, and Swineshead...
, Bedfordshire, by whom he had four sons: Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham , known as Howard of Effingham, was an English statesman and Lord High Admiral under Elizabeth I and James I...
, Sir William Howard of Lingfield
Lingfield, Surrey
Lingfield is a village and civil parish in the Tandridge district of Surrey, England. It is most famous for its horse racing course, Lingfield Park. Lingfield lies to the east of a section of the A22 which runs between Godstone and East Grinstead...
, Edward and Henry, and five daughters, Douglas
Lady Douglas Sheffield
Douglas Sheffield , Baroness Sheffield, née Howard, was an English noblewoman and the mother of the explorer and cartographer Sir Robert Dudley, illegitimate son of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester...
(wife firstly of John Sheffield, 2nd Baron Sheffield of Butterwick, Lincolnshire
Butterwick, Lincolnshire
Butterwick is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England, about east of Boston town centre.Butterwick is one of eighteen civil parishes which, together with Boston, form the Borough of Boston local government arrangement, in place since a reorganisation of 1 April 1974, which resulted...
, secondly, of Sir Edward Stafford of Grafton), Mary (wife of Edward Sutton, 4th Lord Dudley, and Richard Mompesson), Frances (wife of Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford
Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford
Sir Edward Seymour, 1st Baron Beauchamp of Hache and 1st Earl of Hertford, KG was the son of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, by his second wife Anne Stanhope....
), Martha (wife of Sir George Bourchier
George Bourchier
Sir George Bourchier English soldier who fought and settled in Ireland. Member of the Privy Council of Ireland, Member of the Irish Parliament.-Biography:George Bourchier was a the third son of the 2nd Earl of Bath by his wife Eleanor...
), and Katherine.