War artist
Encyclopedia
A war artist depicts some aspect of war through art; this might be a pictorial record or it might commemorate how "war shapes lives." War artists have explored a visual and sensory dimension of war which is often absent in written histories or other accounts of warfare.
The works produced by war artists illustrate and record many aspects of war, and the individual's experience of war, whether allied or enemy, service or civilian, military or political, social or cultural. The rôle of the artist and his work embraces the causes, course and consequences of conflict and it has an essentially educational purpose.
Artists record military activities in ways that cameras and the written word can not. Their art collects and distills the nested versions of war and experiences of the men and women who endured in it. The artists and their artwork also affect how subsequent generations view military conflicts. For example, Australian war artists who grew up between the two world wars were influenced by the artwork which depicted the First World War; and there was a precedent and format for them to follow.
Official war artists have been appointed by governments for information or propaganda purposes and to record events on the battlefield; but there are many other types of war artist. These can include combatants who are artists and choose to record their experiences, non-combatants who are witness to war, and prisoners of war who may voluntarily record the conditions or be appointed war artist by senior officers.
In New Zealand, the title of appointed "war artist" changed to "army artist" after the two world wars. In the United States, the term "combat artist" has come to be used to mean the same thing
was an artist-correspondent who sent artwork from the front back to London during the Crimean War
. Alfred Waud
was an American civil war
pictorial newspaper. Ogata Gekkō
and Tsuguharu Foujita
crated woodblock prints for Japanese publications.
recorded life in Japanese POW camps.
is historically wrong in many ways and Leutze was born decades after the event his painting depicts; but this work has become one of the icons of popular culture.
. The war artist or "combat artist" captures instantaneous action and conflates earlier moments of the same scene within one compelling image. Artists are unlike the objective camera lens which records only a single instant and no more.
In 1917, the American military designated "official war artists"
who were sent to Europe to record the activities of the American Expeditionary Forces. In World War II, the Navy Combat Art Program ensured that active duty artists developed a record of all phases of the war and all major naval operations.
The official war artist continued to be supported in some, but not all military engagements. Teams of soldier-artists during the Vietnam War
created pictorial accounts and interpretations for the annals of army military history. Since 1992, the Army Staff Artist Program was attached to the United States Army Center of Military History as a permanent part of the Museum Division's Collections Branch.
The majority of Combat artists(in the 1970s) were selected for this work by George Gray, chairman of NACAL, Navy Air Cooperation and Liaison committee. Some of their paintings will be selected for the Navy Combat Art Museum in the capital by Charles Lawrence, director. (Hickok, 1978) In January, 1978 The U.S. Navy chose a unique seascape specialist team and asked Patricia Yaps and Wayne Dean, both of Milford, Ct. to capture Search and Air Rescue(SAR)missions off of Key West, Fla. They were based at the Boca Chica Naval Airstation there. As reported by both Andree Hickok of The Sunday Post and Virginia Adams of The News-Times, "They were two of 78 combat artitis that year who donated their times to photograph, (sketch), and later paint Navy functions ranging from a regatta of tall ships, to a mock amphibious assault on the New England Coast."
Selected artists
A select list of representative American artists includes:
started with the First World War. Artists were granted permission to accompany the Australian Imperial Force
to record the activities of its soldiers. During the Second World War, the Australian War Museum, later called the Australian War Memorial
, engaged artists. At the same time, the Australian Army
, Royal Australian Navy
and Royal Australian Air Force
appointed official war artist-soldiers from within their ranks. These embedded war artists have also depicted the activities of Australian forces in Korea
, Vietnam
, East Timor
, Afghanistan
and Iraq
.
The ranks of non-soldier artists like George Gittoes
continue to create artwork which becomes commentary on the chronicle of Australia's military actions in war.
Selected artists
A select list of representative Australian artists includes:
depict the Royal Navy in readiness for battle. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) Art Collection includes many paintings showing battle scenes, particularly naval battles. Military art and portraiture has evolved along with other aspects of war. The "official war artists"
of the First World War created a unique account of that conflict; and the British War Artists Scheme (WAS) expanded the number of official artists and enlarged the scope of their activities during the Second War.
Significant themes in the chronicle of twentieth century wars have been developed by non-military, non-"official," civilian artists. For example, society portraitist Arabella Dorman's paintings of wounded Iraq War veterans inspired her to spend two weeks with three regiments in different frontline areas: the Green Jackets
at Basra Palace, the Queen's Own Gurkhas
at Shaibah logistics base, 10 miles south-west of Basra, and the Queen's Royal Lancers in the Maysaan desert. In the field, Dorman drew quick charcoal portraits of the men she met. Returning to England, the sketches she made helped her use art to "evoke the emotions and psychological impact of war" rather than depicting the "physical horror" of war.
Selected artists
A select list of representative British artists includes:
. A few First World War paintings were exhibited in the Canadian Senate Chamber, and artists studied these works as a way of preparing to create new artworks in the conflict in Europe which expanded after 1939.
In the Second World War, Canada expanded its an official art program; and Canadian war artists were a kind of journalist who lived the lives of soldiers. The work of other "non-official," civilian artists became part of the record of this period. Canada supported "official war artists"
in both the First World War and the Second World War; however, no official artists were designated during the Korean War.
Among Canada's embedded artist-journalist teams was Richard Johnson, who was sent by the National Post
to Afghanistan in 2007; and his drawings of Canadian troops were published and posted online as part of a serial "Kandahar Journal".
Selected artists
A select list of representative Canadian artists includes:
During the First World War, the work of artists depicting aspects of the military conflict were put on display in official war art exhibitions.
In 1916, the Ministry of Beaux-Arts and the Ministry of War sponsored the Salon des Armées to show the work of the artists who had been mobilized. This one exhibition realized 60,000 francs. These proceeds supported not only needy artists at home but also the disabled.
Conservators at the National Art Gallery considered the collection to be of historic rather than artistic worth; and few were displayed. New Zealand's National Collection of War Art encompasses the work of artists who were working on commission for the Government as "official war artists." while others created artworks for their own reasons.
Selected artists
A select list of representative New Zealand artists includes:
Australia
Canada
Germany
New Zealand
South Africa
United Kingdom
United States
Definition and context
A war artist creates a visual account of war by showing its impact as men and women are shown waiting, preparing, fighting, suffering, celebrating, or destroyed, as in Vasily Vereshchagin's 1871 painting, The Apotheosis of War.The works produced by war artists illustrate and record many aspects of war, and the individual's experience of war, whether allied or enemy, service or civilian, military or political, social or cultural. The rôle of the artist and his work embraces the causes, course and consequences of conflict and it has an essentially educational purpose.
Artists record military activities in ways that cameras and the written word can not. Their art collects and distills the nested versions of war and experiences of the men and women who endured in it. The artists and their artwork also affect how subsequent generations view military conflicts. For example, Australian war artists who grew up between the two world wars were influenced by the artwork which depicted the First World War; and there was a precedent and format for them to follow.
Official war artists have been appointed by governments for information or propaganda purposes and to record events on the battlefield; but there are many other types of war artist. These can include combatants who are artists and choose to record their experiences, non-combatants who are witness to war, and prisoners of war who may voluntarily record the conditions or be appointed war artist by senior officers.
In New Zealand, the title of appointed "war artist" changed to "army artist" after the two world wars. In the United States, the term "combat artist" has come to be used to mean the same thing
Artist-correspondents for newspapers, etc.
William SimpsonWilliam Simpson (artist)
William Simpson was a Scottish artist, war artist and correspondent.-Early years:Born into poverty in Glasgow on 28 October 1823, Simpson went on to become one of the leading 'special artists' of his day, and sketched many scenes of war for the Illustrated London News...
was an artist-correspondent who sent artwork from the front back to London during the Crimean War
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
. Alfred Waud
Alfred Waud
Alfred Rudolph Waud was an American artist and illustrator, born in London, England. He is most notable for the sketches he made as an artist correspondent during the American Civil War.-Early career:...
was an American civil war
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
pictorial newspaper. Ogata Gekkō
Ogata Gekko
was a Japanese painter and woodblock print artist of the ukiyo-e genre.Gekkō's work was originally closely based upon that of Kikuchi Yōsai; an he was inspired by Hokusai, creating a series of one hundred prints of Mount Fuji...
and Tsuguharu Foujita
Tsuguharu Foujita
was a painter and printmaker born in Tokyo, Japan who applied Japanese ink techniques to Western style paintings.- Education :In 1910 when he was twenty-four years old Foujita graduated from what is now the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music....
crated woodblock prints for Japanese publications.
Artists who were not officially appointed
Ronald SearleRonald Searle
Ronald William Fordham Searle, CBE, RDI, is a British artist and cartoonist, best known as the creator of St Trinian's School. He is also the co-author of the Molesworth series....
recorded life in Japanese POW camps.
Artists who created iconic works
Emmanuel Leutze's 1851 studio painting of Washington Crossing the DelawareWashington Crossing the Delaware
Washington Crossing the Delaware is an 1851 oil-on-canvas painting by German American artist Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. It commemorates General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River on December 25, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War...
is historically wrong in many ways and Leutze was born decades after the event his painting depicts; but this work has become one of the icons of popular culture.
American
The American panorama created by artists whose work focuses on war began with a visual account of the American Revolutionary WarAmerican Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...
. The war artist or "combat artist" captures instantaneous action and conflates earlier moments of the same scene within one compelling image. Artists are unlike the objective camera lens which records only a single instant and no more.
In 1917, the American military designated "official war artists"
American official war artists
American official war artists have been part of the American military since 1917. Artists are unlike the objective camera lens which records only a single instant and no more. The war artist captures instantaneous action and conflates earlier moments of the same scene within one compelling...
who were sent to Europe to record the activities of the American Expeditionary Forces. In World War II, the Navy Combat Art Program ensured that active duty artists developed a record of all phases of the war and all major naval operations.
The official war artist continued to be supported in some, but not all military engagements. Teams of soldier-artists during the Vietnam War
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of...
created pictorial accounts and interpretations for the annals of army military history. Since 1992, the Army Staff Artist Program was attached to the United States Army Center of Military History as a permanent part of the Museum Division's Collections Branch.
The majority of Combat artists(in the 1970s) were selected for this work by George Gray, chairman of NACAL, Navy Air Cooperation and Liaison committee. Some of their paintings will be selected for the Navy Combat Art Museum in the capital by Charles Lawrence, director. (Hickok, 1978) In January, 1978 The U.S. Navy chose a unique seascape specialist team and asked Patricia Yaps and Wayne Dean, both of Milford, Ct. to capture Search and Air Rescue(SAR)missions off of Key West, Fla. They were based at the Boca Chica Naval Airstation there. As reported by both Andree Hickok of The Sunday Post and Virginia Adams of The News-Times, "They were two of 78 combat artitis that year who donated their times to photograph, (sketch), and later paint Navy functions ranging from a regatta of tall ships, to a mock amphibious assault on the New England Coast."
Selected artists
A select list of representative American artists includes:
Revolutionary War
- Ralph Earl
- Emmanuel Leutze
- John TrumbullJohn TrumbullJohn Trumbull was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War and was notable for his historical paintings...
- William B.T. Trego
Civil War
- Alonzo ChappelAlonzo ChappelAlonzo Chappel was an American painter, best known for paintings depicting personalities and events from the American Revolution and early 19th-century American history.Chappel was born in New York City and died in Middle Island, New York....
- Edwin ForbesEdwin ForbesEdwin Austin Forbes was an American landscape painter and etcher who first gained fame during the American Civil War for his detailed and dramatic sketches of military subjects, including battlefield combat scenes.-Biography:...
- Gilbert GaulGilbert GaulGilbert William Gaul , military and historical painter and illustrator.-Biography:Born in Jersey City, New Jersey, on March 31, 1855 to George W. and Cornelia A. Gaul, he attended school in Newark, and at the Claverack Military Academy. In New York, he began studying art under L. E. Wilmarth at...
- Winslow HomerWinslow HomerWinslow Homer was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects. He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19th century America and a preeminent figure in American art....
- Thomas NastThomas NastThomas Nast was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist who is considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon". He was the scourge of Boss Tweed and the Tammany Hall machine...
- Keith RoccoKeith RoccoKeith Rocco is a military and historical painter working in the United States.-Biography:His interest in military subjects developed at an early age. One of his first books, received as a Christmas present when he was ten, was The Golden Book of the Civil War, and he began collecting Civil War and...
- Julian ScottJulian ScottJulian A. Scott , he was born in Johnson, Vermont, and served as a Union Army drummer during the American Civil War where he received America's highest military decoration the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Lee's Mills; he was also an American painter and Civil War...
- Xanthus Russell SmithXanthus Russell SmithXanthus Russell Smith was an American marine painter best known for his illustrations of the American Civil War.-Biography:...
- Alfred WaudAlfred WaudAlfred Rudolph Waud was an American artist and illustrator, born in London, England. He is most notable for the sketches he made as an artist correspondent during the American Civil War.-Early career:...
- William WaudWilliam WaudWilliam Waud was an English born architect and illustrator, notable for the sketches he made as an artist correspondent during the American Civil War.-Career:...
Spanish-American War
- Howard Chandler ChristyHoward Chandler ChristyHoward Chandler Christy was an American artist and illustrator famous for the "Christy Girl", similar to a "Gibson Girl".He was born in Morgan County and attended early school in Duncan Falls, Ohio...
Newspaper - William GlackensWilliam GlackensWilliam James Glackens was an American realist painter.Glackens studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and later moved to New York City, where he co-founded what came to be called the Ashcan School art movement...
Newspaper - Henry ReuterdahlHenry ReuterdahlHenry Reuterdahl was an American painter highly acclaimed for his nautical artwork. He had a long relationship with the United States Navy. In addition to serving as a Lieutenant Commander in the United States Naval Reserve Force, he was selected by President Theodore Roosevelt to accompany the...
Newspaper - Walter RussellWalter RussellWalter Bowman Russell was an American artist and mystic known for his achievements as a painter, sculptor, author and builder and less well known as a natural philosopher and for his unified theory in physics and cosmogony. He posited that the universe was founded on a unifying principle of...
Newspaper
World War I
- William James AylwardWilliam James AylwardWilliam James Aylward was a war artist for the United States Army during World War I.-Biography:Aylward was born September 5, 1875 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and developed an early interest in things nautical because his father built and owned Great Lakes ships. Much of the work from his early career...
- Walter Jack DuncanWalter Jack DuncanWalter Jack Duncan was a war artist for the United States Army during World War I.-Biography:Walter Jack Duncan was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He lived there with his family, which included a number of prominent actors, until he finished high school...
- Harvey Thomas Dunn
- Kerr EbyKerr EbyKerr Eby was an Canadian illustrator best known for his renderings of soldiers in combat in the First and Second World Wars. He is held in a similar regard to Harvey Dunn and the other famous illustrators dispatched by the government to cover the First World War.Born in Tokyo, Japan to Canadian...
Marines - George Matthews HardingGeorge Matthews HardingGeorge Matthews Harding was a war artist for the United States Army during World War I.-Biography:George Matthews Harding was born in Philadelphia, where his choice of careers was influenced by his older sister Charlotte...
- Wallace MorganWallace MorganWallace Morgan was an war artist for the United States Army during WWI.-Biography:He was born in 1875 and he grew up in Albany, New York where his family had moved shortly after his birth. Upon graduation from high school he returned to his birthplace, New York City, to pursue a career in art...
- Ernest Clifford Peixotto
- John Singer SargentJohn Singer SargentJohn Singer Sargent was an American artist, considered the "leading portrait painter of his generation" for his evocations of Edwardian era luxury. During his career, he created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as countless sketches and charcoal drawings...
- J. Andre SmithJ. Andre SmithJ. Andre Smith was a war artist for the United States Army during World War I.-Biography:J. Andre Smith, born in Hong Kong, was the son of a sea captain and shipbuilder. After his father's death in 1887 the family lived for a few years in Hamburg, Germany, and then moved permanently to New York...
. - Harry Everett TownsendHarry Everett TownsendHarry Everett Townsend was a war artist for the United States Army during WWI.-Biography:Harry Everett Townsend was born in Wyoming into the family of a prosperous farmer and merchant. Early in life he displayed his talent for art by earning money as a sign painter for local businessmen. After...
, Army. - Claggett WilsonClaggett WilsonClaggett Wilson was one of America's first "Modernist" painters. Early in his career he taught painting and drawing at Columbia University. After serving as a lieutenant in The First World War, Wilson returned from France to document his experiences in a series of war paintings.-Youth:Born in 1887...
Army
World War II
- Edward Reep, 1918- .
- Standish BackusStandish BackusStandish Backus, Jr. was a United States military artist. Born in Detroit he attended Princeton University where he obtained a degree in architecture. He then spent a year at the University of Munich studying painting. After a brief period in Maine studying watercolor under Eliot O'Hara, he...
, 1910–1989 - McClelland BarclayMcClelland BarclayMcClelland Barclay was an American painter of pin-up art. Born in St. Louis in 1891, Barclay studied first at the Art Institute of Chicago, then later at the Art Students League in New York City, where he studied under George Bridgman and Thomas Fogarty...
, 1891–1942. - George BiddleGeorge BiddleGeorge Biddle was an American artist best known for his social realism, combat art, and his strong advocacy of government-sponsored art projects...
, 1885–1973 - Aaron BohrodAaron BohrodAaron Bohrod was an American artist best known for his trompe-l'oeil still-life paintings.Bohrad was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1907, the son of an emigree Russian grocer. Bohrod studied at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and the Art Students League of New York between 1926 and 1930...
, 1907–1992. - Howard BrodieHoward BrodieHoward Brodie was a renowned sketch artist best known for his World War II combat and courtroom sketches.-Pre-war career:...
, 1915–2010 . - Jack CogginsJack CogginsJack Banham Coggins was an artist, author, and illustrator. He is known in the United States for his oil paintings, which focused predominantly on marine subjects. He is also known for his books on space travel, which were both authored and illustrated by Coggins...
, 1914–2006 . - Raymond CreekmoreRaymond CreekmoreRaymond Creekmore was a prolific artist, author and sailboat designer.Creekmore was an American artist who, in the beginning of his career, "wandered" extensively, using his experiences in observation and his direct and expressive draftsmanship as vehicles to bring the sensitivity and ways of...
, 1905–1984 - Olin DowsOlin DowsOlin Dows was an United States Army artist who served in the European Theater of Operations during World War II.-Biography:...
. - Edward DugmoreEdward DugmoreEdward Dugmore was an abstract expressionist painter known for close ties to both the San Francisco and New York art worlds in post-war era following World War II. Since 1950 he had more than two dozen solo exhibitions of his paintings in galleries across the United States...
, 1915–1996. - William Franklin DraperWilliam Franklin DraperWilliam Franklin Draper was lieutenant commander in the United States Navy, and an American painter.-Early life:...
, 1912-2003. - Nathan GlickNathan GlickNathan H. Glick is an American artist and illustrator best known for his work as a combat artist depicting aerial battles in World War II. He also worked as art director for Progressive Farmer magazine, and as the illustrator of several books on early Alabama history.Glick was born in Birmingham,...
Army Air Force - Mitchel JamiesonMitchel JamiesonMitchel Jamieson was an American painter.Jamieson was born in Linden, Virginia, in 1915. He studied at the Abbott School of Art and the Corcoran School of Art...
, 1915–1976 - John Cullen MurphyJohn Cullen MurphyJohn Cullen Murphy was an American illustrator best known for his three decades of work on the Prince Valiant comic strip....
, 1919–2004. - Henry Varnum Poor, 1887–1970
- Dwight SheplerDwight SheplerDwight Shepler was an American naval officer and painter.Dwight Shepler was born in Everett, Massachusetts and graduated from Williams College in 1928, as well as studying in Boston Museum School of Fine Art...
, –1974. - Mitchell SiporinMitchell Siporin-Biography:Mitchell Siporin was born in New York City and grew up in Chicago. Through the Works Progress Administration, he worked as a painter. Together with Edward Milman, he painted the frescoes in the Central Post Office in St Louis. From 1946 to 1949, he served in the army in North Africa and...
, 1910–1976
Soldier Artist Participants in the U. S. Army Vietnam Combat Artists Program
- CAT I, 15 Aug - 15 Dec 1966, Roger A. Blum (Stillwell, KS), Robert C. Knight (Newark, NJNewark, New JerseyNewark is the largest city in the American state of New Jersey, and the seat of Essex County. As of the 2010 United States Census, Newark had a population of 277,140, maintaining its status as the largest municipality in New Jersey. It is the 68th largest city in the U.S...
), Ronald E. Pepin (East Hartford, CTEast Hartford, ConnecticutEast Hartford is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 51,252 at the 2010 census.-Geography:...
), Paul Rickert (Philadelphia, PA), Felix R. Sanchez (Fort Madison, IA), John O. Wehrle (Dallas, TXDallas, TexasDallas is the third-largest city in Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States...
), and supervisor, Frank M. Sherman.
- CAT II, 15 Oct 1966 - 15 Feb 1967, Augustine G. Acuna (Monterey, CAMonterey, CaliforniaThe City of Monterey in Monterey County is located on Monterey Bay along the Pacific coast in Central California. Monterey lies at an elevation of 26 feet above sea level. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 27,810. Monterey is of historical importance because it was the capital of...
), Alexander A. Bogdanovich (Chicago, IL), Theodore E. Drendel (Naperville, ILNaperville, IllinoisNaperville is a city in DuPage and Will Counties in Illinois in the United States, voted the second best place to live in the United States by Money Magazine in 2006. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 141,853. It is the fifth largest city in the state, behind Chicago,...
), David M. Lavender (Houston, TXHouston, TexasHouston is the fourth-largest city in the United States, and the largest city in the state of Texas. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of . Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of , which is the ...
), Gary W. Porter (El Cajon, CAEl Cajon, California-History:El Cajon is located on the Rancho El Cajon Mexican land grant made in 1845 to María Antonia Estudillo, wife of Miguel Pedrorena. In 1876 Amaziah Lord Knox , a New Englander who had recently moved to California, established a hotel there to serve the growing number of people traveling...
), and supervisor, Carolyn M. O'Brien.
- CAT III, 16 Feb - 17 June 1967, Michael R. Crook (Sierra Madre, CASierra Madre, CaliforniaThe city of Sierra Madre is a municipality in Los Angeles County, California whose population was 10,917 at the 2010 census, up from 10,580 at the time of the 2000 census. The city is located in the Foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains below the southern edge of the Angeles National Forest. ...
), Dennis O. McGee (Castro Valley, CACastro Valley, CaliforniaCastro Valley is a census-designated place in Alameda County, California, United States. As of the 2000 census, it is the fifth most populous unincorporated area in California, and the twenty-third in the United States...
), Robert T. Myers (White Sands Missile RangeWhite Sands Missile RangeWhite Sands Missile Range is a rocket range of almost in parts of five counties in southern New Mexico. The largest military installation in the United States, WSMR includes the and the WSMR Otera Mesa bombing range...
, NM), Kenneth J. Scowcroft (Manassas, VAManassas, VirginiaThe City of Manassas is an independent city surrounded by Prince William County and the independent city of Manassas Park in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Its population was 37,821 as of 2010. Manassas also surrounds the county seat for Prince William County but that county...
), Stephen H. Sheldon (Los Angeles, CALos Angeles, CaliforniaLos Angeles , with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in California, USA and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of , and is located in Southern California...
), and supervisor, C. Bruce Smyser.
- CAT IV, 15 Aug - 31 Dec 1967, Samuel E. Alexander (Philadelphia, MSPhiladelphia, MississippiPhiladelphia is a city in and the county seat of Neshoba County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 7,303 at the 2000 census.- History :...
), Daniel T. Lopez (Fresno, CAFresno, CaliforniaFresno is a city in central California, United States, the county seat of Fresno County. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 510,365, making it the fifth largest city in California, the largest inland city in California, and the 34th largest in the nation...
), Burdell Moody (Mesa, AZMesa, ArizonaAccording to the 2010 Census, the racial composition of Mesa was as follows:* White: 77.1% * Hispanic or Latino : 26.54%* Black or African American: 3.5%* Two or more races: 3.4%* Native American: 2.4%...
), James R. Pollock (Pollock, SDPollock, South DakotaPollock is a town in Campbell County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 241 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Pollock is located at ....
), Ronald A. Wilson (Alhambra, CAAlhambra, CaliforniaAlhambra is a city located in the western San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States, which is approximately eight miles from the Downtown Los Angeles civic center. As of the 2010 census, the population was 83,089, down from 85,804 at the 2000 census. The city's...
), and technical supervisor, Frank M. Thomas.
- CAT V, 1 Nov 1967 - 15 March 1968, Warren W. Buchanan (Kansas City, MOKansas City, MissouriKansas City, Missouri is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri and is the anchor city of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, the second largest metropolitan area in Missouri. It encompasses in parts of Jackson, Clay, Cass, and Platte counties...
), Philip V. Garner (Dearborn, MIDearborn, Michigan-Economy:Ford Motor Company has its world headquarters in Dearborn. In addition its Dearborn campus contains many research, testing, finance and some production facilities. Ford Land controls the numerous properties owned by Ford including sales and leasing to unrelated businesses such as the...
), Phillip W. Jones (Greensboro, NCGreensboro, North CarolinaGreensboro is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is the third-largest city by population in North Carolina and the largest city in Guilford County and the surrounding Piedmont Triad metropolitan region. According to the 2010 U.S...
), Don R. Schol (Denton, TX), John R. Strong (Kanehoe, HI), and technical supervisor, Frank M. Thomas.
- CAT VI, 1 Feb - 15 June 1968, Robert T. Coleman (Grand Rapids, MIGrand Rapids, MichiganGrand Rapids is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The city is located on the Grand River about 40 miles east of Lake Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 188,040. In 2010, the Grand Rapids metropolitan area had a population of 774,160 and a combined statistical area, Grand...
), David N. Fairrington (Oakland, CA), John D. Kurtz IV (Wilmington, DEWilmington, DelawareWilmington is the largest city in the state of Delaware, United States, and is located at the confluence of the Christina River and Brandywine Creek, near where the Christina flows into the Delaware River. It is the county seat of New Castle County and one of the major cities in the Delaware Valley...
), Kenneth T. McDaniel (Paris, TN), Michael P. Pala (Bridgeport, CTBridgeport, ConnecticutBridgeport is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. Located in Fairfield County, the city had an estimated population of 144,229 at the 2010 United States Census and is the core of the Greater Bridgeport area...
).
- CAT VII, 15 Aug - 31 Dec 1968, Brian H. Clark (Huntington, NYHuntington, New YorkThe Town of Huntington is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, USA. Founded in 1653, it is located on the north shore of Long Island in northwestern Suffolk County, with Long Island Sound to its north and Nassau County adjacent to the west. Huntington is part of the New York metropolitan...
), William E. Flaherty Jr. (Louisville, KYLouisville, KentuckyLouisville is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kentucky, and the county seat of Jefferson County. Since 2003, the city's borders have been coterminous with those of the county because of a city-county merger. The city's population at the 2010 census was 741,096...
), William C. Harrington (Terre Haute, INTerre Haute, IndianaTerre Haute is a city and the county seat of Vigo County, Indiana, United States, near the state's western border with Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 60,785 and its metropolitan area had a population of 170,943. The city is the county seat of Vigo County and...
), Barry W. Johnston (Huntsville, ALHuntsville, AlabamaHuntsville is a city located primarily in Madison County in the central part of the far northern region of the U.S. state of Alabama. Huntsville is the county seat of Madison County. The city extends west into neighboring Limestone County. Huntsville's population was 180,105 as of the 2010 Census....
), Stephen H. Randall (Des Moines, IADes Moines, IowaDes Moines is the capital and the most populous city in the US state of Iowa. It is also the county seat of Polk County. A small portion of the city extends into Warren County. It was incorporated on September 22, 1851, as Fort Des Moines which was shortened to "Des Moines" in 1857...
), and supervisor, Fitzallen N. Yow.
- CAT VIII, 1 Feb - 15 June 1969, Edward J. Bowen (Carona Del Mar, CA), James R. Drake (Colorado Springs, COColorado Springs, ColoradoColorado Springs is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. Colorado Springs is located in South-Central Colorado, in the southern portion of the state. It is situated on Fountain Creek and is located south of the Colorado...
), Roman Rakowsky (Cleveland, OH), Victory V. Reynolds (Idaho Falls, IDIdaho Falls, IdahoIdaho Falls is a city in and the county seat of Bonneville County, Idaho, United States, and the largest city in Eastern Idaho. As of the 2010 census, the population of Idaho Falls was 56,813, with a metro population of 130,374....
), Thomas B. Schubert (Chicago, IL), and supervisor, Fred B. Engel.
- CAT IX, 1 Sept 1969 - 14 Jan 1970, David E. Graves (Lawrence, KSLawrence, KansasLawrence is the sixth largest city in the U.S. State of Kansas and the county seat of Douglas County. Located in northeastern Kansas, Lawrence is the anchor city of the Lawrence, Kansas, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Douglas County...
), James S. Hardy (Coronado, CACoronado, CaliforniaCoronado, also known as Coronado Island, is an affluent resort city located in San Diego County, California, 5.2 miles from downtown San Diego. Its population was 24,697 at the 2010 census, up from 24,100 at the 2000 census. U.S. News and World Report lists Coronado as one of the most expensive...
), William R. Hoettels (San Antonio, TXSan Antonio, TexasSan Antonio is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest city within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.33 million. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. In 2011,...
), Bruce N. Rigby (Dekalb, ILDeKalb, IllinoisDeKalb is a city in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. The population was 43,862 at the 2010 census, up from 39,018 at the 2000 census. The city is named after decorated German war hero Johann De Kalb, who died during the American Revolutionary War....
), Craig L. Stewart (Laurel, MDLaurel, MarylandLaurel is a city in northern Prince George's County, Anne Arundel County, and Howard County, Maryland, United States, located midway between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore. Incorporated in 1870, the city maintains a historic district including its Main Street...
), and supervisor, Edward C. Williams.
Recent conflicts
- Kristopher BattlesKristopher BattlesKristopher J. Battles is an American artist, known as the last remaining USMC combat artist in 2010.-Military career:Battles joined the Corps in 1986. He served as a computer operator, combat correspondent and chaplain’s assistant...
, Iraq and Afghanistan. - Henry CasselliHenry CasselliHenry Calvin Casselli, Jr. is a contemporary American artist from New Orleans, Louisiana. He primarily paints watercolors of figures and settings from his native New Orleans.-Life and career:...
- Michael D. FayMichael D. FayMichael D. Fay is an American artist, chiefly known as a USMC combat artist. Before his retirement from the Corps, he was war artist serving in Iraq....
, Iraq and Afghanistan.
Australian
The artists whose work depicts war have encompassed all the conflicts in which Australians have been called to combat. The Australian tradition of "official war artists"Australian official war artists
Australian official war artists are those who have been expressly employed by either the Australian War Memorial or the Army Military History Section...
started with the First World War. Artists were granted permission to accompany the Australian Imperial Force
Australian Imperial Force
The Australian Imperial Force was the name given to all-volunteer Australian Army forces dispatched to fight overseas during World War I and World War II.* First Australian Imperial Force * Second Australian Imperial Force...
to record the activities of its soldiers. During the Second World War, the Australian War Museum, later called the Australian War Memorial
Australian War Memorial
The Australian War Memorial is Australia's national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated in the wars of the Commonwealth of Australia...
, engaged artists. At the same time, the Australian Army
Australian Army
The Australian Army is Australia's military land force. It is part of the Australian Defence Force along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force. While the Chief of Defence commands the Australian Defence Force , the Army is commanded by the Chief of Army...
, Royal Australian Navy
Royal Australian Navy
The Royal Australian Navy is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. Following the Federation of Australia in 1901, the ships and resources of the separate colonial navies were integrated into a national force: the Commonwealth Naval Forces...
and Royal Australian Air Force
Royal Australian Air Force
The Royal Australian Air Force is the air force branch of the Australian Defence Force. The RAAF was formed in March 1921. It continues the traditions of the Australian Flying Corps , which was formed on 22 October 1912. The RAAF has taken part in many of the 20th century's major conflicts...
appointed official war artist-soldiers from within their ranks. These embedded war artists have also depicted the activities of Australian forces in Korea
Korea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
, Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
, East Timor
East Timor
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor...
, Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
and Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
.
The ranks of non-soldier artists like George Gittoes
George Gittoes
- Subject matter :With global vision, George Gittoes has set up mobile studios for three decades, creating works in regions of conflict and upheaval around the world...
continue to create artwork which becomes commentary on the chronicle of Australia's military actions in war.
Selected artists
A select list of representative Australian artists includes:
Second Boer War
- William DargieWilliam DargieSir William Alexander Dargie CBE was an Australian painter, known especially for his portrait paintings. He holds the record for the most Archibald Prize wins; eight. He was an official Australian War Artist during World War II.- Biography :William Dargie was born in Footscray, Victoria, the first...
CBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, 1912–2003.
First World War
- George BellGeorge Bell (painter)George Frederick Henry Bell was an Australian painter.He was born in Kew, Victoria, the son of George Bell, a public servant, and educated at Kew High School. He studied at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School from 1895-1903...
, 1878–1966. - Charles BryantCharles David Jones BryantCharles David Jones Bryant , known as Charles Bryant, was an Australian marine artist.Bryant was born at Sydney, the fifth son of John Ambrose Bryant, storekeeper, and his wife Caroline, née Leedon. He was educated at Sydney Grammar School and studied the cello...
, 1883–1937. - Will DysonWill Dyson]William Henry Dyson was an Australian illustrator and political cartoonist.-Early life:Dyson was born at Alfredton, near Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, the son of George Dyson, then a hawker and later a mining engineer, and his wife Jane, née Mayall. Dyson was educated at state schools at...
, 1880–1938. - A. Henry Fullwood, 1863–1930.
- George Lambert ARARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1873–1930. - Fred LeistFred LeistFrederick William Leist was an Australian artist. During the First World War, he was an official war artist with Australian forces in Europe.-Early life:...
, 1878–1945. - John LongstaffJohn LongstaffSir John Campbell Longstaff was an Australian painter, war artist and a five-time winner of the Archibald Prize. He was a cousin of Will Longstaff, also a painter....
, 1862–1941. - Louis Frederick McCubbin, 1890-1952.
- Harold Septimus PowerH. Septimus PowerHarold Septimus Power was a New-Zealand born Australian artist, who was an official war artist for Australia in World War I.-Early life:...
, 1877–1951. - James Quinn, 1869–1951.
- Arthur StreetonArthur StreetonSir Arthur Ernest Streeton was an Australian landscape painter.-Early life:Streeton was born in Mount Duneed, near Geelong, and his family moved to Richmond in 1874. In 1882, Streeton commenced art studies with G. F. Folingsby at the National Gallery School.Streeton was influenced by French...
, 1867–1943.
Second World War
- Stella BowenStella BowenEsther Gwendolyn "Stella" Bowen was an Australian artist, born in North Adelaide in the southern part of the country. As a young girl, Bowen enjoyed drawing and convinced her mother to allow her to study with Margaret Preston...
, 1893–1947. - Colin ColahanColin ColahanColin Cuthbert Orr Colahan was an Australian painter and sculptor. He created the 'Sirena' fountain for the Italian town of Bordighera. His sculpture of the head of Victor Smorgon was bought by the National Gallery of Victoria...
, 1897-1987. - William DargieWilliam DargieSir William Alexander Dargie CBE was an Australian painter, known especially for his portrait paintings. He holds the record for the most Archibald Prize wins; eight. He was an official Australian War Artist during World War II.- Biography :William Dargie was born in Footscray, Victoria, the first...
CBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, 1912–2003. - William DobellWilliam DobellSir William Dobell, OBE was an Australian artist .The electoral Division of Dobell is named after him.- Life :...
OBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, 1899–1970. - Russell DrysdaleRussell DrysdaleSir George Russell Drysdale, AC was an Australian artist. He won the prestigious Wynne Prize for Sofala in 1947, and represented Australia at the Venice Biennale in 1954...
ACOrder of AustraliaThe Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, "for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service"...
, 1912–1981. - Richard EurichRichard EurichRichard Ernst Eurich, OBE, RA was an English artist and landscape painter, of German Jewish descent, born in Bradford, West Yorkshire. He was the second of five children of Dr Friederich Wilhelm Eurich, Professor of forensic medicine and bacteriologist who was famous for his research into the...
, OBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1903–1992. - Murray GriffinMurray GriffinVaughan Murray Griffin was an Australian print maker and painter. Commonly known as Murray Griffin, he was born in Malvern, Melbourne, Victoria to parents Vaughan and Ethel Griffin. Griffin spent most of his life living in the Eaglemont and Heidelberg area in Melbourne although he travelled around...
, 1903–1992. - Ivor HeleIvor HeleSir Ivor Henry Thomas Hele, CBE was an Australian artist. He was the longest serving war artist for the Australian War Memorial and completed more commissioned works than any other Australian artist in the history of Australian art.He was the first war artist appointed in the Second World War, and...
CBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, 1912–1993. - Nora HeysenNora HeysenNora Heysen AM was an Australian artist, the first woman to win the prestigious Archibald Prize for portraiture and the first Australian woman appointed as an official war artist.-Biography:...
AMOrder of AustraliaThe Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, "for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service"...
, 1911–2003. - Alan MooreAlan MooreAlan Oswald Moore is an English writer primarily known for his work in comic books, a medium where he has produced a number of critically acclaimed and popular series, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, and From Hell...
, 1915– . - Sydney Nolan OMOrder of MeritThe Order of Merit is a British dynastic order recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture...
, ACOrder of AustraliaThe Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, "for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service"...
, 1917–1992. - William Edwin Pidgeon, 1909-1981.
- Grace Cossington SmithGrace Cossington SmithGrace Cossington Smith AO OBE was an Australian artist and pioneer of modernist painting in Australia and was instrumental in introducing Post-Impressionism to her home country...
AOOrder of AustraliaThe Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, "for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service"...
, 1892–1984.
Recent conflicts
- Rick AmorRick AmorRick Amor is an Australian artist and figurative painter. He was an official war artist.-Life and work:Rick Amor was born in Frankston, Victoria, Australia. He has a certificate in art from the Caulfield Institute of Technology, and Associate Diploma in Painting from the National Gallery School,...
, 1948– , Peacekeeping in East TimorEast TimorThe Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor...
. - Peter ChurcherPeter ChurcherPeter Churcher is an Australian artist. He paints portraits and figures in a realistic style.-Life and work:Peter Churcher was born in Brisbane, Queensland. He is the son of Betty Churcher, who was the director of the National Gallery of Australia from 1990-1997. Churcher is currently living and...
, 1964– , War on TerrorismWar on TerrorismThe War on Terror is a term commonly applied to an international military campaign led by the United States and the United Kingdom with the support of other North Atlantic Treaty Organisation as well as non-NATO countries...
. - George GittoesGeorge Gittoes- Subject matter :With global vision, George Gittoes has set up mobile studios for three decades, creating works in regions of conflict and upheaval around the world...
AMOrder of AustraliaThe Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, "for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service"...
, 1949– . - Shaun GladwellShaun GladwellShaun Gladwell is an Australian video artist who has gained worldwide acclaim for his video art, painting and photographs.-Early life:The artist was born in Sydney in 1972 and graduated from Sydney University's Sydney College of the Arts...
, 1972– , War in Afghanistan. - Ivor HeleIvor HeleSir Ivor Henry Thomas Hele, CBE was an Australian artist. He was the longest serving war artist for the Australian War Memorial and completed more commissioned works than any other Australian artist in the history of Australian art.He was the first war artist appointed in the Second World War, and...
, 1912–1993, Korean WarKorean WarThe Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union... - Ken McFadyenKen McFadyenKen McFadyen is an Australian war artist born in Preston, Victoria in 1939. He was appointed as an official war artist for the Vietnam War. He was in Vietnam for 7 months, arriving in mid-August 1967...
, 1939–1997, Vietnam War - Lewis Miller, 1959– , War in Iraq.
- Frank NortonFrank NortonFrank Prescott Norton was an American professional baseball player, who played in one game for the Washington Olympics on May 5, 1871. He struck out in his only at-bat and played third base and outfield in the game....
, 1916–1983, Korean War - Wendy SharpeWendy SharpeWendy Sharpe is an Australian artist. Winner of the Sulman Prize in 1986 with Black Sun - Morning and Night and the Archibald Prize in 1996 with Self Portrait - as Diana of Erskineville, she has entered the Archibald Prize at least 6 times and been hung at least 3 times...
, 1960– , Peacekeeping in East Timor - Conway BownConway BownConway Bown is an Australian artist specializing in aviation and military subjects. His other occupations include aviation consultancy and commercial helicopter and aviation pilot....
, 1966– , Australian Army War Artist
British
British participation in foreign wars has been the subject of paintings and other works created by Britain's artists whose work portrays war. Artwork like the 1688 painting, The Fleet at Sea, by Willem van de Velde the YoungerWillem van de Velde the Younger
Willem van de Velde the Younger was a Dutch marine painter.-Biography:Willem van de Velde was baptised on 18 December 1633 in Leiden, Holland, Dutch Republic....
depict the Royal Navy in readiness for battle. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) Art Collection includes many paintings showing battle scenes, particularly naval battles. Military art and portraiture has evolved along with other aspects of war. The "official war artists"
British official war artists
British official war artists were a select group of artists who were employed on contract, or commissioned to produce specific works during the First World War, the Second World War and select military actions in the post-war period...
of the First World War created a unique account of that conflict; and the British War Artists Scheme (WAS) expanded the number of official artists and enlarged the scope of their activities during the Second War.
Significant themes in the chronicle of twentieth century wars have been developed by non-military, non-"official," civilian artists. For example, society portraitist Arabella Dorman's paintings of wounded Iraq War veterans inspired her to spend two weeks with three regiments in different frontline areas: the Green Jackets
Royal Green Jackets
The Royal Green Jackets was an infantry regiment of the British Army, one of two "large regiments" within the Light Division .-History:...
at Basra Palace, the Queen's Own Gurkhas
Brigade of Gurkhas
The Brigade of Gurkhas is the collective term for units of the current British Army that are composed of Nepalese soldiers. The brigade, which is 3,640 strong, draws its heritage from Gurkha units that originally served in the British Indian Army prior to Indian independence, and prior to that of...
at Shaibah logistics base, 10 miles south-west of Basra, and the Queen's Royal Lancers in the Maysaan desert. In the field, Dorman drew quick charcoal portraits of the men she met. Returning to England, the sketches she made helped her use art to "evoke the emotions and psychological impact of war" rather than depicting the "physical horror" of war.
Selected artists
A select list of representative British artists includes:
Napoleonic Wars
- Denis DightonDenis DightonDenis Dighton was an English painter, best known for his military portraits and battle scenes.-Life:Denis Dighton was the son of the caricaturist Robert Dighton. He studied at the Royal Academy. At the age of seventeen he received a commission in the army, through the influence of the Prince of...
, 1792-1827. - Robert Ker PorterRobert Ker PorterRobert Ker Porter , noted artist, author, diplomat and traveler. Known today for his accounts of his travels in Spain, Portugal and Russia, he also served as the British consul in Venezuela...
, 1777-1842. - John Christian SchetkyJohn Christian SchetkyJohn Christian Schetky , Scottish marine painter, descended from an old Transylvanian family, was born in Edinburgh....
,1778-1874.
Crimean War
- Oswald Brierly, 1817-1894.
- William SimpsonWilliam Simpson (artist)William Simpson was a Scottish artist, war artist and correspondent.-Early years:Born into poverty in Glasgow on 28 October 1823, Simpson went on to become one of the leading 'special artists' of his day, and sketched many scenes of war for the Illustrated London News...
1823-1899 - Jerry BarrettJerry BarrettJerry Barrett was an English painter of the Victorian era. His most notable work was the Crimean War depiction "The Mission of Mercy: Nightingale receiving the wounded at Scutari" which is in the National Portrait Gallery , paired with "Queen Victoria's First Visit to her Wounded Soldiers"...
, 1824-1906.
Boer Wars
- John Henry Frederick BaconJohn Henry Frederick BaconJohn Henry Frederick Bacon was a British painter and illustrator of genre works, history and bible scenes, and portraits.-Life and work:...
, 1868-1914. - René BullRené BullRené Bull was an illustrator. Born in Dublin, Bull embarked on an artistic career after meeting the French satirist and political cartoonist Caran d'Ache . Bull contributed sketches and political cartoons to various publications, and worked for Black and White illustrated newspaper as a special...
, 1872–1942 - Charles Edwin FrippCharles Edwin FrippCharles Edwin Fripp , painter and illustrator, and special war artist. He was one of the twelve children of George Arthur Fripp , a landscape artist, and Mary Percival. His brother Thomas W. Fripp also became a watercolourist in Canada.Charles Edwin Fripp was an Associate of the Royal Watercolour...
, 1854-1906. - Godfrey Douglas GilesGodfrey Douglas GilesGodfrey Douglas Giles was a painter of horses, military scenes and battles, many experienced at first hand while on service with the British Army in India, Afghanistan, Egypt and South Africa...
, 1857–1941, - Ernest PraterErnest PraterErnest Prater was a noted English artist and book illustrator, notable also for his work as a war correspondent and reportage artist during the Anglo-Boer War.-Life and works:...
, 1864–1950. - Melton PriorMelton PriorMelton Prior , was an English artist and war correspondent for the Illustrated London News from the early 1870′s until 1904. Prior was one of the leading illustrators of late Victorian Britain, noted for his ability to quickly sketch scenes...
, 1845-1910. - Frederic VilliersFrederic VilliersFrederic Villiers , British war artist and correspondent.Along with William Simpson and Melton Prior, Villiers was one of the most notable 'special' artists of the later 19th century...
, 1851–1922 - William Barnes WollenWilliam Barnes WollenWilliam Barnes Wollen was an English painter mostly known for his paintings of battle and historical scenes and sporting events.-Career:...
, 1857–1936
First World War
- Muirhead BoneMuirhead BoneSir Muirhead Bone was a Scottish etcher, drypoint and watercolour artist.The son of a printer, Bone was born in Glasgow and trained initially as an architect, later going on to study art at Glasgow School of Art. He began printmaking in 1898, and although his first known print was a lithograph, he...
, 1888-1953. - Eric KenningtonEric KenningtonEric Henri Kennington RA was an English Sculptor, artist and illustrator, and an official war artist in both World Wars.-Early life:...
RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1888–1960. - John Hodgson LobleyJohn Hodgson LobleyJohn Hodgson Lobley was an English artist. He was born 28 November 1878 in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, and died in 1954. He is best known for his work as an official war artist for the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War I.- Personal life:...
RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1878–1954. - John NashJohn Nash (artist)John Northcote Nash CBE RA was a British painter of landscape and still-life, wood-engraver and illustrator, particularly of botanic works.-Biography:...
CBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
RA, 1893–1977. - Sir William OrpenWilliam OrpenMajor Sir William Newenham Montague Orpen, KBE, RA, RHA was an Irish portrait painter, who worked mainly in London...
KBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
RHARoyal Hibernian AcademyThe Royal Hibernian Academy is an artist-based and artist-oriented institution in Ireland, founded in Dublin in 1823.-History:The RHA was founded as the result of 30 Irish artists petitioning the government for a charter of incorporation...
, 1878–1931;
Second World War
- Edward ArdizzoneEdward ArdizzoneEdward Jeffrey Irving Ardizzone, CBE, RA was an English artist, writer and illustrator, chiefly of children's books.-Early life:...
CBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1900–1979. - Edward BawdenEdward BawdenEdward Bawden, CBE, RA was a British painter, illustrator and graphic artist. He was also famous for his prints, book covers, posters, and garden metalwork furniture...
RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1903–1989. - Henry CarrHenry CarrHenry Carr is a former American track and field athlete who won two gold medals at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.-Early life:...
RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1894–1970. - Jack Bridger ChalkerJack Bridger ChalkerJack Bridger Chalker is an artist best known for his work recording the lives of prisoners of war in World War II....
, 1918– . - Bernard HailstoneBernard HailstoneBernard Hailstone was an English painter.-Career:Hailstone belongs to the group of early 20th-century artists whose best-known work was done during the Second World War...
, 1910–1987. - Thomas HennellThomas Hennell-Early Biography:Hennell was born in Ridley, Kent in 1903. He studied at Regent Street Polytechnic and qualified as a teacher. He suffered a nervous breakdown from 1932-1935 and was detained at the Maudsley Hospital...
, 1903-1945. - Laura KnightLaura KnightDame Laura Knight, DBE was an English Impressionist painter known for painting the world of London's theatre, ballet and circus.-Early life and education:...
DBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1877–1970. - Philip MeninskyPhilip MeninskyPhilip Meninsky was the son of Bernard Meninsky. Despite an early passion for art, at his father's wish, he initially trained as an accountant, before being called up for National Service....
, 1919-2007. - Ashley George OldAshley George OldAshley George Old was an artist best known for documenting the lives of prisoners of war forced to construct the Thailand-Burma railway...
, 1913-2001. - Cuthbert OrdeCuthbert OrdeCaptain Cuthbert Julian Orde was an artist and First World War pilot. He is best known for his war art, especially his portraits of Allied Battle of Britain pilots.-Family background:...
, 1888-1968. - John PiperJohn Piper (artist)John Egerton Christmas Piper, CH was a 20th-century English painter and printmaker. For much of his life he lived at Fawley Bottom in Buckinghamshire, near Henley-on-Thames.-Life:...
1903-1992 - Roland Vivian Pitchforth, 1911-1999.
- Eric RaviliousEric RaviliousEric William Ravilious was an English painter, designer, book illustrator and wood engraver.-Career:Ravilious studied at Eastbourne School of Art, and at the Royal College of Art, where he studied under Paul Nash and became close friends with Edward Bawden.He began his working life as a muralist,...
, 1903–1942. - Albert RichardsAlbert RichardsAlbert Richards was a British War ArtistAfter attending the Wallasey School of Art he briefly attended the Royal College of Art before joining the Royal Engineers in 1940. On D-Day he landed in France by parachute with the 6th Airborne Division and was killed when his jeep ran over a mine on the 5...
, 1919-1945 - Ronald SearleRonald SearleRonald William Fordham Searle, CBE, RDI, is a British artist and cartoonist, best known as the creator of St Trinian's School. He is also the co-author of the Molesworth series....
CBECBECBE and C.B.E. are abbreviations for "Commander of the Order of the British Empire", a grade in the Order of the British Empire.Other uses include:* Chemical and Biochemical Engineering...
RDIRoyal Designers for IndustryRoyal Designer for Industry is a distinction established by the British Royal Society of Arts in 1936, to encourage a high standard of industrial design and enhance the status of designers. It is awarded to people who have achieved "sustained excellence in aesthetic and efficient design for...
, 1920– . - Ruskin SpearRuskin SpearRuskin Spear, CBE, RA was an English painter.Born in Hammersmith, Spear attended the local art school before going on to the Royal College of Art in 1930...
RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1911–1990. - Graham SutherlandGraham SutherlandGraham Vivien Sutherland OM was an English artist.-Early life:He was born in Streatham, attending Homefield Preparatory School, Sutton. He was then educated at Epsom College, Surrey before going up to Goldsmiths, University of London...
OMOrder of MeritThe Order of Merit is a British dynastic order recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture...
, 1903–1980. - Carel WeightCarel WeightCarel Victor Morlais Weight was an English painter.Weight was born in Paddington in 1908. He studied at the Hammersmith School of Art and Goldsmiths College...
CBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
RARoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
, 1908–1997,
Recent conflicts
- Peter HowsonPeter HowsonPeter Howson OBE is a Scottish painter. He was an official war artist in the 1993 Bosnian Civil War.Peter Howson was born in London and moved with his family to Prestwick, Ayrshire, when Howson was aged four...
, b. 1958 - John KeaneJohn Keane (artist)John Granville Coldoys Keane is a British artist, whose paintings have contemporary political and social themes.-Life and work:John Keane was born in Hertfordshire, England...
, b. 1954 - Linda KitsonLinda KitsonLinda Kitson is a British artist. She is best known for her work as an official war artist during the Falklands Conflict.-Early life:Kitson studied at St Martins School of Art and the Royal College of Art, where she specialised in illustration...
, b. 1945
Canadian
Representative works by Canada's artists whose work illustrates and records war are gathered into the extensive collection of the Canadian War MuseumCanadian War Museum
The Canadian War Museum is Canada’s national museum of military history. Located in Ottawa, Ontario, the museum covers all facets of Canada’s military past, from the first recorded instances of death by armed violence in Canadian history several thousand years ago to the country’s most recent...
. A few First World War paintings were exhibited in the Canadian Senate Chamber, and artists studied these works as a way of preparing to create new artworks in the conflict in Europe which expanded after 1939.
In the Second World War, Canada expanded its an official art program; and Canadian war artists were a kind of journalist who lived the lives of soldiers. The work of other "non-official," civilian artists became part of the record of this period. Canada supported "official war artists"
Canadian official war artists
Canadian official war artists create a visual account of war by showing its impact as men and women are shown waiting, preparing, fighting, suffering, celebrating, These were a select group of artists who were employed on contract, or commissioned to produce specific works during the First World...
in both the First World War and the Second World War; however, no official artists were designated during the Korean War.
Among Canada's embedded artist-journalist teams was Richard Johnson, who was sent by the National Post
National Post
The National Post is a Canadian English-language national newspaper based in Don Mills, a district of Toronto. The paper is owned by Postmedia Network Inc. and is published Mondays through Saturdays...
to Afghanistan in 2007; and his drawings of Canadian troops were published and posted online as part of a serial "Kandahar Journal".
Selected artists
A select list of representative Canadian artists includes:
First World War
- John William BeattyJohn William BeattyJohn William Beatty was a Canadian painter who was a forerunner in the movement which became the Group of Seven in 1920.-Early Painting Life:...
, 1869–1941. - Alexander Young Jackson CCOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
CMG , 1882–1974. - Arthur LismerArthur LismerArthur Lismer, CC was an English-born Canadian painter and member of the Group of Seven.-Early life:At age 13 he apprenticed at a photo-engraving company. He was awarded a scholarship, and used this time to take evening classes at the Sheffield School of Arts from 1898 until 1905...
CCOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
, 1885-1969.
- Frederick VarleyFrederick VarleyFrederick Horsman Varley, also known as Fred Varley , was a member of the Canadian Group of Seven artists.-Early life:Varley was born in Sheffield, England. He studied art in Sheffield and in Belgium...
, 1881-1969.
Second World War
- Alan Brockman Beddoe OCOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
OBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
HFHSThe Heraldry SocietyThe Heraldry Society is one of the leading organizations in the world devoted to studying heraldry. In 1947, a twenty year old John Brooke-Little founded the Society of Heraldic Antiquaries. This title was changed to The Heraldry Society in 1950. It was incorporated in 1956 and is now a registered...
FHSCRoyal Heraldry Society of CanadaThe Royal Heraldry Society of Canada is a Canadian organization that promotes the art of Canadian Heraldry. Founded as the Heraldry Society of Canada, the mission of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada and its branches is to promote the art of heraldry, particularly Canadian heraldry, and to...
, 1893–1975. - Molly Lamb BobakMolly Lamb BobakMolly Lamb Bobak, is a prolific Canadian teacher, writer, printmaker and painter working in oils and watercolours. During World War II, she was the first Canadian woman artist to be sent overseas to document Canada’s war effort, and in particular, the work of the Canadian Women's Army Corps...
CMOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
ONBOrder of New BrunswickThe Order of New Brunswick is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Instituted in 2000 by Lieutenant Governor Marilyn Trenholme Counsell, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Bernard Lord, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended...
, 1922– . - David Alexander Colville PCQueen's Privy Council for CanadaThe Queen's Privy Council for Canada ), sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council, is the full group of personal consultants to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs, though responsible government requires the sovereign or her viceroy,...
CCOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
ONSOrder of Nova ScotiaThe Order of Nova Scotia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Instituted on 2 August 2001, when Lieutenant Governor Myra Freeman granted Royal Assent to the Order of Nova Scotia Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour...
, 1920– . - Charles Fraser Comfort OCOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
, 1900–1994. - William Abernethy Ogilvie CMOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
MBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, 1901–1989 - Jack ShadboltJack ShadboltJack Leonard Shadbolt, OC, OBC was a Canadian painter.-Early life:Born in Shoeburyness, England, Shadbolt came to Canada with his parents in 1912...
OCOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit...
OBCOrder of British ColumbiaThe Order of British Columbia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Instituted in 1989 by Lieutenant Governor David Lam, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Bill Vander Zalm, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour...
, 1909-1998. - Donald Kenneth Anderson, RCAF: Official War Artist (1920-2009)
French
The French government assigned a purpose to war art and the work of war artists.During the First World War, the work of artists depicting aspects of the military conflict were put on display in official war art exhibitions.
In 1916, the Ministry of Beaux-Arts and the Ministry of War sponsored the Salon des Armées to show the work of the artists who had been mobilized. This one exhibition realized 60,000 francs. These proceeds supported not only needy artists at home but also the disabled.
- Hippolyte BellangéHippolyte BellangéJoseph Louis Hippolyte Bellangé was a French battle painter. His art was influenced by the wars of the first Napoleon, and while a youth, he produced several military drawings in lithography. He afterwards pursued his systematic studies under Gros, and with the exception of some portraits, devoted...
- Nicolas Toussaint CharletNicolas Toussaint CharletNicolas Toussaint Charlet , French designer and painter, more especially of military subjects, was born in Paris....
- Edouard DetailleÉdouard DetailleJean Baptiste Édouard Detaille , was a French Academic painter and military artist noted for his precision and realistic detail....
- Antoine-Jean GrosAntoine-Jean GrosBaron Antoine-Jean Gros , also known as Jean-Antoine Gros, was both a French History and neoclassical painter.-Early life and training:...
- Constantin GuysConstantin GuysConstantin Guys, Ernest-Adolphe-Hyacinthe-Constantin, was a Crimean War correspondent, water color painter and illustrator for British and French newspapers. Baudelaire called him the "painter of modern life," and wrote a long essay on Guys in which he extensively praised his works, under the...
- Eugène Louis Lami
- Louis-François, Baron LejeuneLouis-François, Baron LejeuneLouis-François, Baron Lejeune was a French general, painter, and lithographer. His memoirs have frequently been republished and his name is engraved on the Arc de Triomphe.-Life:...
- Jean-Louis-Ernest MeissonierJean-Louis-Ernest MeissonierJean-Louis Ernest Meissonier was a French Classicist painter and sculptor famous for his depictions of Napoleon, his armies and military themes. He documented sieges and manoeuvres and was the teacher of Édouard Detaille.-Biography:Ernest Meissonier was born at Lyon...
- Alphonse-Marie de Neuville
- Paul PhilippoteauxPaul PhilippoteauxPaul Philippoteaux was a French artist. He is best known for a cyclorama of the Battle of Gettysburg.-Life and career:Paul Philippoteaux was born in Paris, the son of the French artist Henri Emmanuel Felix Philippoteaux...
- Paul Alexandre ProtaisPaul Alexandre ProtaisPaul Alexandre Protais was a French artist of historical scenes, especially military and battle paintings.Born in Paris, he later became a student of desmoulins . During the Crimean War, he traveled to the front and was attached to General Bosquet's staff where he compiled a portfolio of sketches...
- Denis Auguste Marie RaffetDenis Auguste Marie RaffetDenis Auguste Marie Raffet was a French illustrator and lithographer. He was a student of Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, and was a retrospective painter of the Empire.-Biography:Raffet was born in Paris....
- Carle Vernet
- Horace VernetHorace VernetÉmile Jean-Horace Vernet was a French painter of battles, portraits, and Orientalist Arab subjects.Vernet was born to Carle Vernet, another famous painter, who was himself a son of Claude Joseph Vernet. He was born in the Paris Louvre, while his parents were staying there during the French...
- Antoine WatteauAntoine WatteauJean-Antoine Watteau was a French painter whose brief career spurred the revival of interest in colour and movement...
- Adolphe YvonAdolphe YvonAdolphe Yvon was a French painter known for his paintings from the Napoleonic Wars. Yvon studied under Paul Delaroche, rose to fame during the Second Empire, then finished his career as a teacher....
Franco-Prussian War
- Georg BleibtreuGeorg BleibtreuGeorg Bleibtreu , German painter of military and historical scenes.-Biography:Born in Xanten on March 27, 1828), Bleibtreu was a painter, lithographer, designer and 'graveur sur bois'. He was a member of the Berlin Academy, receiving two gold medals for his works; he also received a medal at Vienna...
- Wilhelm CamphausenWilhelm CamphausenWilhelm Camphausen , German painter, was born and died at Düsseldorf, and studied under Alfred Rethel and Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow. As an historical and battle painter he rapidly became popular, and in 1859 was made professor of painting at the Düsseldorf Academy, together with other later...
- Emil HüntenEmil HüntenEmil Johannes Hünten was a German military painter.-Biography:Born in Paris on January 19, 1827, the son of the composer, Franz Hünten, he studied art under H. Flandrin and Horace Vernet at the Ecole des Beaux Arts...
- Carl RöchlingCarl RöchlingCarl Röchling was a German painter and illustrator known for his representation of historical military themes.- Life :...
- Anton von Werner
Japanese
- Kubota BeisenKubota Beisenwas a Japanese artist and art instructor in the Meiji period.Although his style remained recognisably Japanese, his knowledge of Western principles and methods is also reflected in his work. Beisen trained under Suzuki Hyakunen...
, 1852–1906. - Toshihide MigitaToshihide Migita, also known as Oju Toshihide or Toshihide was a Japanese artist, creating work in traditional ukiyo-e prints and painting in the Western syle....
, 1862–1925. - Ogata GekkōOgata Gekkowas a Japanese painter and woodblock print artist of the ukiyo-e genre.Gekkō's work was originally closely based upon that of Kikuchi Yōsai; an he was inspired by Hokusai, creating a series of one hundred prints of Mount Fuji...
, 1859–1920. - Tsuguharu FoujitaTsuguharu Foujitawas a painter and printmaker born in Tokyo, Japan who applied Japanese ink techniques to Western style paintings.- Education :In 1910 when he was twenty-four years old Foujita graduated from what is now the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music....
, 1886–1968. - Toyohara ChikanobuToyohara Chikanobu, better known to his contemporaries as , was a prolific woodblock artist of Japan's Meiji period.-Names:Chikanobu signed his artwork . This was his...
, 1838–1912. - Utagawa YoshiikuUtagawa Yoshiiku, also known as or , was a Japanese artist of the Utagawa school.-Early life:Yoshiiku was the son of a teahouse proprietor and became a student of Utagawa Kuniyoshi.-Career:Yoshiiku is known as a ukiyo-e print designer and as a newspaper illustrator....
, 1833–1904.
New Zealand
War artists have been appointed by the government in order to supplement the record of New Zealand’s military history. The title of "war artist" changed to "army artist" when Ion Brown was appointed after the two world wars.Conservators at the National Art Gallery considered the collection to be of historic rather than artistic worth; and few were displayed. New Zealand's National Collection of War Art encompasses the work of artists who were working on commission for the Government as "official war artists." while others created artworks for their own reasons.
Selected artists
A select list of representative New Zealand artists includes:
First World War
- Nugent Herman
- George Edmund ButlerGeorge Edmund ButlerGeorge Edmund Butler was a landscape and portrait painter specializing in oils and watercolours.-Early life:Born 15 January 1872 in Southampton, England, George Edmund Butler emigrated to Wellington, New Zealand with his parents, Joseph Cawte Butler and Jane Tiller, in 1883...
Second World War
- Russell Clark, 1905-1966.
- James BoswellJames Boswell (artist)James Edward Buchanan Boswell was a New Zealand-born British painter and socialist.-Life:Boswell was born in Westport, South Island, the son of a Scottish born schoolmaster, Edward Blair Buchanan Boswell, and his New Zealand born wife Ida Fair...
, 1906-1971. - John McIndoeJohn McIndoeJohn McIndoe is a British singer and guitarist and actor. McIndoe is best known to American audiences for his role as I.Q. in The Bugaloos ....
, 1898- . - Peter McIntyrePeter McIntyre (artist)Peter McIntyre OBE was a New Zealand painter and author. He was the son of Peter McIntyre, a lithographic artist, and his wife, Isabella Edith Cubitt.He was New Zealand's official war artist during World War II....
OBEOrder of the British EmpireThe Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom. The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions...
, 1910–1995.
Recent conflicts
- Graham Braddock
- Ion Brown, Bosnia and Croatia
- Matthew Gauldie, Solomon Islands and Afghanistan
Russian
- Nikolai Dmitriev-OrenburgskyNikolai Dmitriev-OrenburgskyNikolai Dmitrjewitsch Dmitrjeff-Orenburgsky or Nikolaj Dmitrievic Dmitriev-Orenburgskij was a Russian painter. He spent 1875-1885 living and working in Paris....
- Rudolf FrentzRudolf FrentzRudolf Rudolfovich Frentz - Soviet, Russian painter, watercolorist, graphic artist, illustrator, and art teacher, lived and worked in Leningrad, member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, regarded as one of the founder and representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his...
- Nikolay KarazinNikolay KarazinNikolay Nikolaevich Karazin was a Russian military officer, painter and writer. He is mostly known for his paintings depicting wars and exotic places.-Biography:...
- Franz RoubaudFranz RoubaudFranz Alekseyevich Roubaud was a Russian painter who created some of the largest and best known panoramic paintings.Roubaud was born on 15 June 1856 in Odessa and attended an art school there. In 1877 he went to Munich, where he studied at the Munich Academy...
- Vasily Vereshchagin
Spanish
- Francisco de GoyaFrancisco GoyaFrancisco José de Goya y Lucientes was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker regarded both as the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. Goya was a court painter to the Spanish Crown, and through his works was both a commentator on and chronicler of his era...
, Los desastres de la guerra, 1810s - Pablo PicassoPablo PicassoPablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso known as Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish expatriate painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the greatest and most influential artists of the...
, GuernicaGuernica (painting)Guernica is a painting by Pablo Picasso. It was created in response to the bombing of Guernica, Basque Country, by German and Italian warplanes at the behest of the Spanish Nationalist forces, on 26 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War...
, 1937.
Further reading
- Brandon, Laura. (2008). Art and War. New York: I.B. Tauris. 10-ISBN 1845112377/13-ISBN 9781845112370; OCLC 225345535
- Cork, Richard. (1994). A Bitter Truth: Avant-garde Art and the Great War. New Haven: Yale University Press. 10-ISBN 0300057040/13-ISBN 9780300057041; OCLC 185692286
- Foot, Michael Richard Daniel. (1990). Art and War: Twentieth Century Warfare as Depicted by War Artists. London: Headline. 10-ISBN 0747202869/13-ISBN 9780747202868; OCLC 21407670
- Gallatin, Albert Eugene. (1919). Art and the Great War. New York: E.P. Dutton. OCLC 422817
- Hodgson, Pat (1977). The War Illustrators. London: Osprey. OCLC 462210052
- Johnson, Peter (1978). Front-Line Artists. London: Cassell. 10-ISBN 030430011X/13-ISBN 9780304300112; OCLC 4412441
- Jones, James (1975). WW II: a Chronicle of Soldiering. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. 1617592
- Lanker, Brian and Nicole Newnham. (2000). They Drew Fire: Combat Artists of World War II. New York: TV Books. 10-ISBN 1575000857/13-ISBN 9781575000855; OCLC 43245885
Australia
- Reid, John B. (1977). Australian Artists at War: Compiled from the Australian War Memorial Collection. Volume 1. 1885-1925; Vol. 2 1940-1970. South Melbourne, Victoria: Sun Books. 10-ISBN 0725102543/13-ISBN 9780725102548; OCLC 4035199
Canada
- Oliver, Dean Frederick, and Laura Brandon (2000). Canvas of War: Painting the Canadian Experience, 1914 to 1945. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. 10-ISBN1550547720/13-ISBN 9781550547726; OCLC 43283109
- Tippett, Maria. (1984). Art at the Service of War: Canada, Art, and the Great War. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 10-ISBN 0802025412/13-ISBN 9780802025418; OCLC 13858984
Germany
- Gilkey, Gordon. War Art of the Third Reich. Bennington, Vermont: International Graphics Corporation, 1982). 10-ISBN 0865560188/13-ISBN 9780865560185; OCLC 223704492
- Weber, John Paul. (1979). The German War Artists. Columbia, South Carolina: Cerberus. 10-ISBN 0933590008/13-ISBN 9780933590007; OCLC 5727293
New Zealand
- Haworth, Jennifer. (2007). The Art of War: New Zealand War Artists in the Field 1939-1945. Christchurch, New Zealand: Hazard Press. 13-ISBN 9781877393242/10-ISBN 187739324X; OCLC 174078159
South Africa
- Carter, Albert Charles Robinson. (1900). The Work of War Artists in South Africa. London: "The Art Journal" Office. OCLC 25938498
United Kingdom
- Gough, Paul. (2010). A Terrible Beauty: British Artists in the First World War. Bristol: Sansom and Company. 13-ISBN 9781906593001/10-ISBN 1906593000; OCLC 559763485
- Harries, Meirion and Suzie Harries. (1983). The War Artists: British Official War Art of the Twentieth Century. London: Michael Joseph. 10-ISBN 071812314X/13-ISBN 9780718123147; OCLC 9888782
- Harrington, Peter. (1983). British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700-1914. London: Greenhill. 10-ISBN 1853671576/13-ISBN 9781853671579; OCLC 28708501
- Haycock, David Boyd. (2009). A Crisis of Brilliance: Five Young British Artists and the Great War. London: Old Street Publishing. 13-ISBN 9781905847846/10-ISBN 190584784X; OCLC 318876179
- Hichberger, J.W.M. (1988). Images of the Army: The Military in British Art 1815-1914. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 10-ISBN 0719025753/13-ISBN 9780719025754; OCLC 17295891
- Sillars, Stuart (1987). Art and Survival in First World War Britain. New York: St. Martins Press. 10-ISBN 031200544X/13-ISBN 9780312005443; OCLC 14932245
- Holme, Charles. (1918). The War Depicted by Distinguished British Artists. London: The Studio. OCLC 5081170
United States
- Cornebise, Alfred. (1991). Art from the trenches: America's Uniformed Artists in World War I. College Station: Texas A & M University Press. 10-ISBN 0890963495/13-ISBN 9780890963494; OCLC 22892632
- Harrington, Peter, and Frederic A. Sharf. (1988). A Splendid Little War; The Spanish-American War, 1898; The Artists' Perspective. London: Greenhill. 10-ISBN 1853673161/13-ISBN 9781853673160; OCLC 260112479
External links
- Mémorial de Caen, 1914-1918 war, Artists of the First World War
- Ministry of Defence (MoD), MoD art collection, war artists
- National Archives (UK), The Art of War