Timeline of Portuguese history (First County)
Encyclopedia
9th century
- 868 - Establishment of the 1st County of Portugal, a fiefdom of the Kingdom of AsturiasKingdom of AsturiasThe Kingdom of Asturias was a Kingdom in the Iberian peninsula founded in 718 by Visigothic nobles under the leadership of Pelagius of Asturias. It was the first Christian political entity established following the collapse of the Visigothic kingdom after Islamic conquest of Hispania...
, by count Vímara PeresVímara PeresVímara Peres, Count of Portugal was a Galician Christian duke of the 9th century in west Iberia. He was a vassal of the King of Asturias, Léon and Galicia, Alfonso III, and was sent to reconquer and secure from the Moors , in the west coastal fringe of Gallaecia, the area from the Minho River to...
, after the reconquest from the MoorsMoorsThe description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of the Maghreb region who are predominately of Berber and Arab descent. They came to conquer and rule the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed...
of the region between the MinhoMinho RiverThe Minho or Miño is the longest river in Galicia, Spain, with an extension of 340 km.Both names come from Latin Minius...
and Douro Rivers. Count Vímara Peres founded the fortified city that bears his own name Vimaranis, later Guimaranis, present day GuimarãesGuimarãesGuimarães Municipality is located in northwestern Portugal in the province of Minho and in the Braga District. It contains the city of Guimarães.The present Mayor is António Magalhães Silva, elected by the Socialist Party.-Parishes:-Economy:...
, considered "The Cradle City" of Portugal. - 873 - Vímara Peres dies and his son Lucídio VimaranesLucídio VimaranesLucídio Vimaranes was the second Count of Portugal. He was the son of Vímara Peres. Following his death, the county passed out of the family, but he is thought to have been ancestor of Count Alvito Nunes, who in the 11th century initiated a second period in which the family controlled the County of...
becomes Count of Portugal. After his death the county passes to the hand of count Diogo Fernandes. - 871 - The city of CoimbraCoimbraCoimbra is a city in the municipality of Coimbra in Portugal. Although it served as the nation's capital during the High Middle Ages, it is better-known for its university, the University of Coimbra, which is one of the oldest in Europe and the oldest academic institution in the...
is reconquered from the Moors. Hermenegildo Mendes is made Count of Coimbra. - 878 - The region of Coimbra (today, Central Portugal) is incorporated in the Kingdom of Asturias by the Count Hermenegildo Guterres.
- 886 - Al-MundhirAl-MundhirAl-Mundhir was Emir of Córdoba from 886 to 888. He was a member of the Umayyad dynasty of Al-Andalus , the son of Muhamad bin Abd al-Rahman.-Biography:...
becomes UmayyadUmayyadThe Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the...
Emir of Córdoba. - 888 - Abdallah ibn Muhammad becomes Umayyad Emir of Córdoba.
10th century
- 909 - Alfonso III of AsturiasAlfonso III of LeónAlfonso III , called the Great, was the king of León, Galicia and Asturias from 866 until his death. He was the son and successor of Ordoño I. In later sources he is the earliest to be called "Emperor of Spain"...
is deposed by his sons yet also proclaimed Emperor. - 910
- Alfonso III of Asturias dies and his kingdom is divided among his sons into the dependent kingdoms of Astúrias, León and Galicia.
- Ordoño IIOrdoño II of LeónOrdoño II was king of Galicia from 910, and king of Galicia and León from 914 until his death. He was the second son of King Alfonso III the Great and his wife, Jimena of Pamplona....
becomes King of Galicia with the support of the Count of Portugal.
- 911 - Count Hermenegildo Guterres of Coimbra, successor of Count Hermenegildo Mendes, dies and his son Arias Mendes becomes Count of Coimbra.
- 912 - Abd al-Rahman III becomes the Umayyad Emir of Córdoba.
- 913 - An expedition commanded by Ordoño II, then vassal king of Galicia, into Muslim territory takes ÉvoraÉvoraÉvora is a municipality in Portugal. It has total area of with a population of 55,619 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Évora District and capital of the Alentejo region. The municipality is composed of 19 civil parishes, and is located in Évora District....
from the Muslims. - 914
- Ordoño II of Galicia, becomes King of LeónKingdom of LeónThe Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in AD 910 when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the peninsula shifted their capital from Oviedo to the city of León...
, after the death of his brother García I of LeónGarcía I of LeónGarcía I was the King of León from 910 until his death and eldest of three succeeding sons of Alfonso III the Great by his wife Jimena....
. - The capital city of the Kingdom of Asturias is moved from OviedoOviedoOviedo is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain. It is also the name of the municipality that contains the city....
to León, from now on Kingdom of León.
- Ordoño II of Galicia, becomes King of León
- 916 - Ordoño II of León is defeated by the EmirEmirEmir , meaning "commander", "general", or "prince"; also transliterated as Amir, Aamir or Ameer) is a title of high office, used throughout the Muslim world...
Abd al-Rahman III in Valdejunquera. - 918
- Battle of Talavera where Muslims under Abd al-Rahman III defeat the Christians.
- Pope John XPope John XPope John X, Pope from March 914 to May 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of...
recognizes the orthodoxy and legitimacy of the Visigothic Liturgy maintained in the Mozarabic riteMozarabic RiteThe Mozarabic, Visigothic, or Hispanic Rite is a form of Catholic worship within the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, and in the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church . Its beginning dates to the 7th century, and is localized in the Iberian Peninsula...
.
- 924 - Fruela IIFruela II of LeónFruela II was the King of Asturias from the death of his father, Alfonso III of Asturias, in 910 to his own death. When his father died, the kingdom was divided, with the third son, Fruela, taking the original portion ; the second, Ordoño, taking Galicia; and the eldest, García, taking León...
becomes King of León. - 925
- Sancho Ordonhes, son of Ordoño II of León, becomes vassal king of Galicia until 929.
- Alfonso IVAlfonso IV of LeónAlfonso IV , called the Monk, was King of León from 925 and King of Galicia from 929, until he abdicated in 931....
becomes King of León. - Ramiro IIRamiro II of LeónRamiro II , son of Ordoño II, was King of León from 931 until his death. Initially titular king only of a lesser part of Asturias, he gained the crown of León after his brother Alfonso IV abdicated in 931...
, son of Ordoño II of León, was the first to bear the title King of Portuguese Land.
- 926
- Ramiro II takes residency in the city of ViseuViseuViseu is both a city and a municipality in the Dão-Lafões Subregion of Centro Region, Portugal. The municipality, with an area of 507.1 km², has a population of 99,593 , and the city proper has 47,250...
. - Mendo I Gonçalves (also known as Hermenegildo Gonçalves, son of Count Gonçalo of Galicia) marries Mumadona DiasMumadona DiasMumadona Dias, or Muniadomna Díaz, Countess of Portugal in the 10th century, ruling between c. 924 - c. 950. She was daughter of Count Diogo Fernandes and of countess Onega....
(daughter of Onega Lucides and Diogo Fernandes) and becomes Count of Portugal. - The Umayyad Emir Abd al-Rahman III, faced with the threat of invasion by the FatimidFatimidThe Fatimid Islamic Caliphate or al-Fāṭimiyyūn was a Berber Shia Muslim caliphate first centered in Tunisia and later in Egypt that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, and Hijaz from 5 January 909 to 1171.The caliphate was ruled by the Fatimids, who established the...
s, proclaims himself Caliph of Córdoba. Under the reign of Abd al-Rahman III Muslim Al-AndalusAl-AndalusAl-Andalus was the Arabic name given to a nation and territorial region also commonly referred to as Moorish Iberia. The name describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Muslims , at various times in the period between 711 and 1492, although the territorial boundaries...
reaches its greatest height before its slow decline over the next four centuries.
- Ramiro II takes residency in the city of Viseu
- 928 - Gonçalo Moniz, grandson of Count Arias Mendes of Coimbra, becomes Count of Coimbra.
- 929 - Abd al-Rahman III proclaims himself CaliphCaliphThe Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
in CórdobaCórdoba, Spain-History:The first trace of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 32,000 BC. In the 8th century BC, during the ancient Tartessos period, a pre-urban settlement existed. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy...
and transforms the Emirate of Córdoba into an independent caliphateCaliphateThe term caliphate, "dominion of a caliph " , refers to the first system of government established in Islam and represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah...
no longer under even theoretical control from BaghdadBaghdadBaghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
. - 930 - Ramiro II leaves his residency in Viseu.
- 931 - Ramiro II becomes King of León.
- 938 - First document where the word Portugal is written in its present form.
- 946 - The county of CastileKingdom of CastileKingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerged as a political autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region...
becomes independent. - 950
- Countess Mumadona Dias of Portugal divides amongst her sons her the vast domains, upon the death of her husband Count Mendo I Gonçalves.
- Gonçalo I Mendes, son of Mumadona Dias and Mendo I Gonçalves, becomes Count of Portugal.
- Ordoño IIIOrdoño III of LeónOrdoño III was the King of León from 951 to 956, son and successor of Ramiro II . He confronted Navarre and Castile, who supported his half-brother Sancho the Fat in disputing Ordoño's claim to the throne....
becomes King of León.
- 953 - Big Moorish incursion in Galicia.
- 955 - Ordoño III of León attacks LisbonLisbonLisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
. - 956 - Sancho ISancho I of LeónSancho I , called the Fat, was the son of King Ramiro II of León. He succeeded his half-brother Ordoño III in 956 and reigned until his death, except for a two year interruption from 958 to 960, when Ordoño the Wicked usurped the throne...
becomes King of León. - 958
- Sancho I of León is deposed.
- Ordoño IVOrdoño IV of LeónOrdoño IV, called the Wicked or the Bad , son of Alfonso IV of León and nephew of Ramiro II, was the king of León from 958 until 960, interrupting the reign of Sancho the Fat for a two year period...
becomes King of León.
- 959 - Countess Mumadona Dias donates vast estates to the MonasteryMonasteryMonastery denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone .Monasteries may vary greatly in size – a small dwelling accommodating only...
of St. Mamede in GuimarãesGuimarãesGuimarães Municipality is located in northwestern Portugal in the province of Minho and in the Braga District. It contains the city of Guimarães.The present Mayor is António Magalhães Silva, elected by the Socialist Party.-Parishes:-Economy:...
. - 960 - Sancho I of León is reinstated as King of León.
- 961 - Al-Hakam IIAl-Hakam IIAl-Hakam II was the second Caliph of Cordoba, in Al-Andalus , and son of Abd-ar-rahman III . He ruled from 961 to 976....
becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba. - 962 - Count Gonçalo I Mendes of Portugal rebels against Sancho I of León.
- 966
- Count Gonçalo Moniz of Coimbra rebels against Sancho I of León.
- Vikings raid Galicia and kill the bishop of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain.The city's Cathedral is the destination today, as it has been throughout history, of the important 9th century medieval pilgrimage route, the Way of St. James...
in battle, but his successor St. Rudesind rallies the local forces and kills the Viking King Gundered.
- 967 - Ramiro IIIRamiro III of LeónRamiro III , king of León , was the son of Sancho the Fat and his successor at the age of only five. During his minority, the regency was in the hands of two nuns: his aunt Elvira Ramírez of León, who took the title of queen during the minority, and his mother Teresa Ansúrez, who was put in a...
becomes King of León. - 971 - Another minor Viking raid in Galicia.
- 976 - Caliph Al-Hakam II dies, and Al-Mansur Ibn Abi AamirAl-Mansur Ibn Abi AamirAbu Aamir Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abi Aamir, Al-Hajib Al-Mansur , better known as Almanzor, was the de facto ruler of Muslim Al-Andalus in the late 10th to early 11th centuries. His rule marked the peak of power for Moorish Iberia.-Origins:He was born Muhammad Ibn Abi Aamir, into a noble Arab...
takes over in the name of his protégé Hisham IIHisham IIHisham II was the third Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. He ruled 976–1009, and 1010–1013 in the Al-Andalus ....
, becoming a military dictator usurping caliphal powers and launching a big number of offensive campaigns against the Christians. - 981 - Count Gonçalo Moniz of Coimbra dies.
- 982 - Bermudo IIBermudo II of LeónBermudo II , called the Gouty , was the King of Galicia and León . His reign is summed up by Justo Pérez de Urbel's description of him as "el pobre rey atormentado en la vida por la espada de Almanzor y en muerte por la pluma vengadora de un obispo" Bermudo (or Vermudo) II (956–999), called the...
becomes King of León, having been acclaimed by the Counts of Galicia and anointed in Santiago de Compostela. - 987
- Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir lays waste to the now Christian Coimbra.
- Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir seizes the castles north of the Douro River, and arrives at the city of Santiago de Compostela. The city had been evacuated and Al-Mansur burns it to the ground and destroys the Church of Santiago.
- Count Gonçalo I Mendes takes the personal title Magnus Dux Portucalensium (Grand-Duke of PortucalePortucalePortucale can mean different things:*Portus Cale, old Roman name of an ancient town and port in current day Portugal, in the area of today's Grande Porto...
) and rebels against King Bermudo II of León, being defeated.
- 999
- Alfonso VAlfonso V of LeónAlfonso V , called the Noble, was King of León from 999 to 1028. He was the son of Bermudo II by his second wife Elvira García of Castile. The Abbot Oliva called him "Emperor of Spain"....
becomes King of León. - Mendo II Gonçalves, son (or grandson?) of Gonçalo I Mendes and TutaTutaTuta may refer to:*Tuta , the nickname of Brazilian footballer, Moacir Bastos*Tuta , the nickname of Brazilian footballer, Adorcelino Wesley Gomes da Silva*Tuta, Boyacá, a municipality in Boyacá Department, Colombia...
, becomes Count of Portugal. - Countess Mumadona Dias dies.
- Alfonso V
11th century
- 1002 - Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir dies in the village of Salem.
- 1003 - Moors lay waste to the city of León.
- 1008
- Vikings raid Galicia, killing Count Mendo II Gonçalves of Portugal.
- Alvito NunesAlvito NunesAlvito Nunes was an 11th century Count of Portugal. Following the death of Menendo González, he was appointed to the county. He is believed to be a descendant of the first family to hold the title, that of Vímara Peres...
, of a collateral line but also descent of Vímara Peres, married to Countess Tudadomna, becomes Count of Portugal. - Hisham IIHisham IIHisham II was the third Caliph of Cordoba, of the Umayyad dynasty. He ruled 976–1009, and 1010–1013 in the Al-Andalus ....
, Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba, is deposed in a popular uprising led by Muhammad II al-Mahdi. - Mohammed II al-Mahdi becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba.
- 1009
- Sulaiman al-Mustain becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba, after deposing Mohammed II.
- The TaifaTaifaIn the history of the Iberian Peninsula, a taifa was an independent Muslim-ruled principality, usually an emirate or petty kingdom, though there was one oligarchy, of which a number formed in the Al-Andalus after the final collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031.-Rise:The origins of...
(independent Moorish kingdom) of BadajozBadajozBadajoz is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain, situated close to the Portuguese border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid–Lisbon railway. The population in 2007 was 145,257....
becomes independent of the Caliph of Córdoba and governs the territory between Coimbra and North Alentejo.
- 1010 - Hisham II is restored as Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba by slave troops of the Caliphate under al-Wahdid.
- 1012 - Sulaiman al-Mustain is restored as Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba by the BerberBerber peopleBerbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are continuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. Historically they spoke the Berber language or varieties of it, which together form a branch...
armies. - 1013 - Caliphate of Córdoba begins to break up. Berber troops take Córdoba with much plundering and destruction and kill the deposed Hisham II. Many TaifaTaifaIn the history of the Iberian Peninsula, a taifa was an independent Muslim-ruled principality, usually an emirate or petty kingdom, though there was one oligarchy, of which a number formed in the Al-Andalus after the final collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031.-Rise:The origins of...
s (independent Moorish kingdoms) begin to spring up. - 1016 - NormanNormansThe Normans were the people who gave their name to Normandy, a region in northern France. They were descended from Norse Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock...
invaders ascend the Minho river and destroy Tuy in Galicia. - 1017 - Nuno I Alvites, son of Alvito Nunes and Tudadomna, becomes Count of Portugal. He marries Ilduara MendesIlduara MendesIlduara Mendes was a Countess of Portugal, the daughter of Menendo González. She ruled with her husband Nuno Alvites, and following his death, on behalf of their son and heir Mendo Nunes....
, daughter of Mendo II Gonçalves and Tuta. - 1018 - The Taifa of the Algarve becomes independent.
- 1021 - Abd-ar-Rahman IV becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba.
- 1022
- Abd-ar-Rahman V becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba.
- The Taifa (independent Moorish kingdom) of LisbonLisbonLisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
emerges. It will be annexed by the Taifa of Badajoz.
- 1023 - Muhammad III becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba.
- 1025 - Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn AbbadAbu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn AbbadAbu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad was the founder and eponym of the Abbadid dynasty; he was the first independent Muslim ruler of Seville in Al-Andalus ,was deceased in 1042....
, AbbadidAbbadidThe Abbadi comprised an Arab Muslim Dynasty which arose in Al-Andalus on the downfall of the Caliphate of Cordoba . Abbadid rule lasted from about 1023 until 1091, but during the short period of its existence it exhibited singular energy and typified its time...
Emir of SevilleSevilleSeville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
, captures two castles at Alafões to the north-west of ViseuViseuViseu is both a city and a municipality in the Dão-Lafões Subregion of Centro Region, Portugal. The municipality, with an area of 507.1 km², has a population of 99,593 , and the city proper has 47,250...
. - 1027 - Hisham IIIHisham IIIHisham III was the last Umayyad ruler in the Al-Andalus , and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Cordoba....
becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba. - 1028
- Mendo III Nunes, son of Nuno I Alvites and Ilduara Mendes, becomes Count of Portugal.
- Alfonso V, king of AsturiasAsturiasThe Principality of Asturias is an autonomous community of the Kingdom of Spain, coextensive with the former Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages...
and León, lays siege to Viseu but is killed by a bolt from the walls. - Bermudo IIIBermudo III of LeónBermudo III , king of León , son of Alfonso V of León by his wife Elvira Mendes, was the last scion of Peter of Cantabria to rule in the Leonese kingdom...
, becomes King of León.
- 1031
- Sancho III of NavarreSancho III of NavarreSancho III Garcés , called the Great , succeeded as a minor to the Kingdom of Navarre in 1004, and through conquest and political maneuvering increased his power, until at the time of his death in 1035 he controlled the majority of Christian Iberia, bearing the title of rex Hispaniarum...
declares war on Bermudo III of León. NavarreNavarreNavarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France...
, sometimes assisted by Galician rebels and Normans, ravages the lands around LugoLugoLugo is a city in northwestern Spain, in the autonomous community of Galicia. It is the capital of the province of Lugo. The municipality had a population of 97,635 in 2010, which makes is the fourth most populated city in Galicia.-Population:...
in Galicia. - The Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba falls.
- Sancho III of Navarre
- 1033 - The Taifa (independent Moorish kingdom) of MértolaMértolaMértola is a municipality in southeastern Portugal next to the Spanish border. It has a total area of 1,292.87 km² and a total population of 8,712 inhabitants . In terms of land area, it is the sixth-largest municipality in Portugal. The resultant population density of 6.74 persons/km² is the...
becomes independent. - 1034
- The Leonese destroy a raiding force under Ismail ibn Abbad of Seville. Ismail ibn Abbad flees to Lisbon.
- Gonçalo Trastemires - a Portuguese frontiersman - captures MontemorMontemor-o-VelhoMontemor-o-Velho is a town and municipality of the Coimbra District, in Portugal. It has roughly 30,000 inhabitants.-Demographics:-Parishes:* Abrunheira* Arazede* Carapinheira* Ereira* Gatões* Liceia* Meãs do Campo* Montemor-o-Velho* Pereira...
castle on the Mondego river. - By 1034, Sancho the Great of Navarre had incorporated AragonAragonAragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
, SobrarbeSobrarbeSobrarbe is one of the Comarcas of Aragon, Spain. It is located in the northern part of the province of Huesca, part of the autonomous community of Aragon in Spain...
, BarcelonaBarcelonaBarcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
, as well as Asturias, León and Castile, and he proclaims himself Rex Hispaniarum ("King of all Spains").
- 1035
- Sancho III of Navarre, Aragon and Castile dies and distributes his lands among his three sons; Castile and Aragon become kingdoms.
- Bermudo III of León defeats the Moors in CésarCesar, PortugalCesar is a town in Portugal. Town status received 1990-07-13....
, in the AveiroAveiro (district)Aveiro District is located in the central coastal region of Portugal. The capital of the district is the city of Aveiro, which also serves as the seat of Aveiro Municipality and as the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Aveiro, created 1938....
region.
- 1037 – Ferdinand of CastileFerdinand I of LeónFerdinand I , called the Great , was the Count of Castile from his uncle's death in 1029 and the King of León after defeating his brother-in-law in 1037. According to tradition, he was the first to have himself crowned Emperor of Spain , and his heirs carried on the tradition...
, son of Sancho III of Navarre, acquires the Kingdom of León in the Battle of TamarónBattle of TamarónThe Battle of Tamarón took place on 4 September 1037 between Ferdinand, Count of Castile, and Vermudo III, King of León. Ferdinand, who had married Vermudo's sister Sancha, defeated and killed his brother-in-law near Tamarón after a brief war...
. The first Castilian king, Ferdinand I, defeats and kills his father-in-law, Bermudo III of León, thus inheriting his kingdom. - 1039 – Ferdinand I of Castille-León proclaims himself Emperor of all HispaniaHispaniaAnother theory holds that the name derives from Ezpanna, the Basque word for "border" or "edge", thus meaning the farthest area or place. Isidore of Sevilla considered Hispania derived from Hispalis....
. - 1040 - The Taifa of Silves becomes independent.
- 1044 - Abbad III al-Mu'tamid, son of the Abbadid Emir of Seville Abbad II al-Mu'tadidAbbad II al-Mu'tadidAbbad II al-Mu'tadid was second ruler of Seville in Al-Andalus, a member of the Abbadid dynasty....
, retakes Mértola, since 1033 an independent Taifa. - 1050
- Count Mendo III Nunes of Portugal is killed in battle sometime during this period.
- Nuno II Mendes, son of Count Mendo III Nunes, becomes Count of Portugal.
- 1051 - The Taifa of the Algarve is annexed by the Taifa of Seville.
- 1056 - The Almoravides (al-Murabitun) Dynasty begins its rise to power. Taking the name "those who line up in defence of the faith", this is a group of fundamentalist Berber Muslims who would rule North Africa and Islamic IberiaIberian PeninsulaThe Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
until 1147. - 1057 - Ferdinand I of Castille-León conquers LamegoLamegoLamego is a municipality in northern Portugal, with a population of 27,054 inhabitants Lamego is a municipality in northern Portugal, with a population of 27,054 inhabitants Lamego is a municipality in northern Portugal, with a population of 27,054 inhabitants (the catchment of the city of...
to the Moors. - 1058 - Emir Al-Muzaffar al-Aftas (Abu Bekr Muhammad al-Mudaffar - Modafar I of Badajoz, Aftid dynasty) pays the Christians to leave Badajoz, but not before Viseu being conquered by Ferdinand I of Castile-León.
- 1060–1063 - Council (Ecumenical SynodSynodA synod historically is a council of a church, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. In modern usage, the word often refers to the governing body of a particular church, whether its members are meeting or not...
) of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain.The city's Cathedral is the destination today, as it has been throughout history, of the important 9th century medieval pilgrimage route, the Way of St. James...
. - 1063
- Ferdinand I of Castile-León divides his kingdom among his sons. Galicia is allotted to his son Garcia.
- The Taifa of Silves is annexed by the Taifa of Seville.
- 1064
- Ferdinand I of León-Castile besieges Muslim Coimbra from 20 January until 9 July . The Muslim governor who surrendered is allowed to leave with his family, but 5,000 inhabitants are taken captive, and all Muslims are forced out of Portuguese territory across the Mondego river.
- The MozarabicMozarabic languageMozarabic was a continuum of closely related Romance dialects spoken in Muslim-dominated areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the early stages of the Romance languages' development in Iberia. Mozarabic descends from Late Latin and early Romance dialects spoken in the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th...
(Christian) general Sisnando DavidesSisnando DavidesSisnando Davides was a Mozarab nobleman and military leader of the Reconquista, born in Tentúgal, near Coimbra...
, who led the siege of Coimbra, becomes Count of Coimbra. - The Hispanic calendar is adopted.
- 1065 - Independence of the Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal is proclaimed under the rule of Garcia II of Galicia.
- 1070 - Count Nuno II Mendes of Portugal rises against King Garcia II of Galicia.
- 1071 - Garcia II of Galicia became the first to use the title King of Portugal, when he defeated, in the Battle of PedrosoBattle of PedrosoThe Battle of Pedroso was fought in January, 1071 near present day Pedroso , Portugal.Forces under García II, the King of Galicia, defeated those under Nuno II Mendes, the last count of Portugal of the House of Vímara Peres. The battle resulted in the death of Nuno Mendes and Garcia II declaring...
(near BragaBragaBraga , a city in the Braga Municipality in northwestern Portugal, is the capital of the Braga District, the oldest archdiocese and the third major city of the country. Braga is the oldest Portuguese city and one of the oldest Christian cities in the World...
), Count Nuno II Mendes, last count of Portugal of the Vímara Peres House. - 1072 - Loss of independence of the Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal, forcibly reannexed by Garcia's brother king Alfonso VI of CastileAlfonso VI of CastileAlfonso VI , nicknamed the Brave or the Valiant, was King of León from 1065, King of Castile and de facto King of Galicia from 1072, and self-proclaimed "Emperor of all Spain". After the conquest of Toledo he was also self-proclaimed victoriosissimo rege in Toleto, et in Hispania et Gallecia...
. From that time on Galicia remained part of the Kingdom of Castile and León, although under differing degrees of self-government. Even if it did not last for very long, the Kingdom set the stage for future Portuguese independence under Henry, Count of PortugalHenry, Count of PortugalHenry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death. He was brother of Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy, and Odo I, Duke of Burgundy, all sons of Henry, the heir of Robert I, Duke of Burgundy. His name is Henri in modern French, Henricus in Latin, Enrique in modern Spanish...
.
See also
- Timeline of Portuguese historyTimeline of Portuguese historyThis is a historical timeline of Portugal.*Timeline of Iberian prehistory*Pre-Roman Iberia *Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia *Germanic Kingdoms...
- Al'Garb Al'Andalus and the beginning of the Reconquista (8th to 9th century)Timeline of Portuguese history (Reconquista)This is a historical timeline of Portugal.-8th Century:*711, March 15 – Muslim Umayyads This is a historical timeline of Portugal.-8th Century:*711, March 15 – Muslim Umayyads This is a historical timeline of Portugal.-8th Century:*711, March 15 – Muslim Umayyads (Moors: mainly Berber with some...
- Second County of Portugal (11th to 12th century)Timeline of Portuguese history (Second County)This is a historical timeline of Portugal.-11th century:*1077 - Alfonso VI of Castile and León proclaimes himself Emperor of all Spains.*1080**Coimbra is again a Diocese.**Count Sisnando Davides of Coimbra takes part in the invasion of Granada....
- Al'Garb Al'Andalus and the beginning of the Reconquista (8th to 9th century)