Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument
Encyclopedia
The Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument is a National Monument
in Southern California
. It includes portions of the Santa Rosa
and San Jacinto
Mountain range
s, the northernmost ones of the Peninsular Ranges
system. The national monument covers portions of Riverside County
, west of the Coachella Valley
, approximately 100 miles (160.9 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles
.
(BLM) and U.S. Forest Service—San Bernardino National Forest
(SBNF).
Many flora and fauna species within the national monument are state and federal listed threatened or endangered species
, including the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep
(Ovis canadensis cremnobates), a subspecies endemic to the Peninsular Ranges.
The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
own substantial acreage within the monument, are one of the managing agencies, and have historic cultural sites and interests throughout the mountains.
More than 200 cultural resources have been recorded on federally-managed lands within the monument including the Martinez Canyon Rockhouse, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places
.
in 1925. In 1928, Mount San Jacinto State Park
was established, and has 8614 acres (34.9 km²) within the national monument boundary. In 1917 and 1927, state game refuges were established on both the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains. In the 1960s, the state agency, California Department of Fish and Game
began to set aside special areas called ecological reserves
to protect certain species and habitats, and there are now three reserves with 28900 acres (117 km²) of state reserve lands in the monument. Other state agencies involved in conservation of the area include the Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Research Center (University of California
Reserve System) and the Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy. In addition, the 1964 Wilderness Act
established the San Jacinto Wilderness and in 1984, the California Desert Protection Act added the Santa Rosa Wilderness
in the Colorado Desert
section of the Sonoran Desert
. Other agencies include local and tribal governments which have habitat conservation
plans, including the Habitat Conservation Plan addition to the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians' Tribal Conservation Program. Private conservation organizations, such as The Nature Conservancy
, American Land Conservancy
, and Friends of the Desert Mountains, have also contributed to the protection of the mountains through land purchases and acquisitions.
The monument is oriented northwest to southeast along the edge of the broad Coachella Valley, and the terrain rises
sharply from below sea level to nearly 11000 feet (3,352.8 m). These mountains are a part of the Peninsular Range Province, which extends from the Baja Peninsula in Mexico to San Jacinto Mountains in California. San Jacinto Peak is the highest point in the Peninsular Range Province and has one of the steepest fault-block escarpments in North America.
The differences in elevation, temperature, and moisture gives rise to diverse vegetation. Being the western boundary of the Sonoran Desert
, the eastern mountainslopes are hotter and drier, while the western side is affected by the Pacific Ocean
and receives more precipitation with cooler temperatures. There are several major vegetation areas ranging from sand dunes/sand fields, chaparral and mesquite to riparian zones of willow and cottonwood, desert fan palm oasis woodland, and pinyon pine woodland, with the highest elevations supporting lodgepole pine timberline forest.
Another factor influencing plant and animal species is the "island" aspect of the San Jacinto Mountains and the Peninsular Range, the unique isolation of the landform on three sides-the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Salton Trough
/desert environment in the east, and to the north, the San Gorgonio Pass
. Biologists believe that this isolation has contributed to evolution of subspecies such as the San Diego mountain kingsnake
.
The Californiat fan palm (Washingtonia filifera)
groves, part of the natural community of oasis riparian woodland, are located at permanent water sites of both Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains. The fan palm is a relict species, although not listed under the Endangered Species Act
. Associated plants in the oasis woodland include honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), arrow weed, and deer grass.
The largest plant category in the national monument is collectively known as desert scrub and includes Sonoran Cresosote Scrub and Sonoran Mixed Woody and Succulent Scrub vegetation communities. Desert scrub occupies more than 160000 acres (647.5 km²) and consists of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), burrobrush (Ambrosia dumosa)
, cacti, and other stem succulents. Desert scrub is found on the alluvial fans and intermountain bajada
s, growing on coarse, well-drained soils. Wildlife of the desert scrub plant community include the federally-protected Peninsular Ranges bighorn sheep
(Ovis canadensis nelsoni), and the desert tortoise
(Xerobates (or Gopherus) agassizii).
On both sides of the mountains, montane coniferous forest occur from around 5,500 to 9000 feet (2,743.2 m) in elevation. Vegetation in this area includes Jeffery pine, ponderosa pine, incense cedar, and sugar pine.
Rare plants in the national monument include Hidden Lake bluecurls, Trichostema austromontanum
ssp. compactum (federally listed as threatened, 1998), and found at a single vernal pool
site, Nuttall's scrub oak, desert sand verbena, Yucaipa onion, and vanishing wild buckwheat.
There are 19 species endemic to the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument area. These species require or are restricted to a small geographical area which makes them vulnerable from any habitat disturbance. A few of these species are: Johnston's rockcress, Casey’s June beetle , Coachella Valley round-tailed ground squirrel, Munz’s mariposa lily, Pratt’s dark aurora blue butterfly, San Jacinto bush snapdragon, Santa Rosa Mountain linanthus, Tahquitz ivesia, and Ziegler’s aster.
The Bureau of Land Management lists eight animal species within the monument as endangered, threatened or rare. Of these, all but one are federally-listed with the southern rubber boa
being state-listed as threatened. In addition to the Peninsular bighorn sheep and the desert tortoise, some of these protected wildlife include the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard
and the Southwestern willow flycatcher
.
, mountain biking
, horseback riding and camping
are allowed, with the exception of special areas such as ecological reserves and essential bighorn sheep habitat. The Pacific Crest Trail
traverses the western part of the national monument, and is one of the nation’s first National Scenic Trails established by the National Trails System Act (Public Law 90-543). This segment of the trail is managed by the Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).
The national monument legislation (introduced on February 16, 2000, by Congresswoman Mary Bono
), authorized the establishment of a management plan that included cooperative agreements with existing organizations, such as the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians and the University of California, as well as maintaining most of the historical land uses, except mining
and geothermal
activities.
U.S. National Monument
A National Monument in the United States is a protected area that is similar to a National Park except that the President of the United States can quickly declare an area of the United States to be a National Monument without the approval of Congress. National monuments receive less funding and...
in Southern California
Southern California
Southern California is a megaregion, or megapolitan area, in the southern area of the U.S. state of California. Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles and Greater San Diego. The urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura through the Southland and Inland Empire to San Diego...
. It includes portions of the Santa Rosa
Santa Rosa Mountains (California)
The Santa Rosa Mountains are a short mountain range in the Peninsular Ranges system, located east of the Los Angeles Basin and northeast of the San Diego metropolitan area of southern California, in the Southwestern United States.-Geography:...
and San Jacinto
San Jacinto Mountains
The San Jacinto Mountains are a mountain range east of Los Angeles in southern California in the United States. The mountains are named for Saint Hyacinth . The Pacific Crest Trail runs along the spine of the range.The range extends for approximately from the San Bernardino Mountains southeast to...
Mountain range
Mountain range
A mountain range is a single, large mass consisting of a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, with or without peaks, closely related in position, direction, formation, and age; a component part of a mountain system or of a mountain chain...
s, the northernmost ones of the Peninsular Ranges
Peninsular Ranges
The Peninsular Ranges are a group of mountain ranges, in the Pacific Coast Ranges, which stretch from southern California in the United States to the southern tip of Mexico's Baja California peninsula; they are part of the North American Coast Ranges that run along the Pacific coast from Alaska...
system. The national monument covers portions of Riverside County
Riverside County, California
Riverside County is a county in the U.S. state of California. One of 58 California counties, it covers in the southern part of the state, and stretches from Orange County to the Colorado River, which forms the state border with Arizona. The county derives its name from the city of Riverside,...
, west of the Coachella Valley
Coachella Valley
Coachella Valley is a large valley landform in Southern California. The valley extends for approximately 45 miles in Riverside County southeast from the San Bernardino Mountains to the saltwater Salton Sea, the largest lake in California...
, approximately 100 miles (160.9 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles
Los Ángeles
Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
.
Description
The Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument was established in October 2000, through Congressional legislation (Public Law 106-351). It covers an area of 252000 acres (1,019.8 km²). It is administered jointly by the U.S. Bureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land Management
The Bureau of Land Management is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior which administers America's public lands, totaling approximately , or one-eighth of the landmass of the country. The BLM also manages of subsurface mineral estate underlying federal, state and private...
(BLM) and U.S. Forest Service—San Bernardino National Forest
San Bernardino National Forest
San Bernardino National Forest is a federally-managed forest covering more than 800,000 acres . There are two main divisions which are the San Bernardino Mountains on the easternmost of the Transverse Range, and the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains on the northernmost of the Peninsular...
(SBNF).
Many flora and fauna species within the national monument are state and federal listed threatened or endangered species
Endangered species
An endangered species is a population of organisms which is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters...
, including the Peninsular Bighorn Sheep
Bighorn Sheep
The bighorn sheep is a species of sheep in North America named for its large horns. These horns can weigh up to , while the sheep themselves weigh up to . Recent genetic testing indicates that there are three distinct subspecies of Ovis canadensis, one of which is endangered: Ovis canadensis sierrae...
(Ovis canadensis cremnobates), a subspecies endemic to the Peninsular Ranges.
The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of Cahuilla Indians, located in Riverside County, California.-Reservation:...
own substantial acreage within the monument, are one of the managing agencies, and have historic cultural sites and interests throughout the mountains.
More than 200 cultural resources have been recorded on federally-managed lands within the monument including the Martinez Canyon Rockhouse, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
.
Preservation history
Since the late 19th century, the area has been protected as public lands, beginning as forest reserves and then as part of the San Bernardino National ForestSan Bernardino National Forest
San Bernardino National Forest is a federally-managed forest covering more than 800,000 acres . There are two main divisions which are the San Bernardino Mountains on the easternmost of the Transverse Range, and the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains on the northernmost of the Peninsular...
in 1925. In 1928, Mount San Jacinto State Park
Mount San Jacinto State Park
Mount San Jacinto State Park is in the San Jacinto Mountains, of the Peninsular Ranges system, in Riverside County, California. The park is near the Greater Los Angeles and the San Diego metropolitan area.-Geography:...
was established, and has 8614 acres (34.9 km²) within the national monument boundary. In 1917 and 1927, state game refuges were established on both the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains. In the 1960s, the state agency, California Department of Fish and Game
California Department of Fish and Game
The California Department of Fish and Game is a department within the government of California, falling under its parent California Natural Resources Agency. The Department of Fish and Game manages and protects the state's diverse fish, wildlife, plant resources, and native habitats...
began to set aside special areas called ecological reserves
Protected area
Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognised natural, ecological and/or cultural values. There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international...
to protect certain species and habitats, and there are now three reserves with 28900 acres (117 km²) of state reserve lands in the monument. Other state agencies involved in conservation of the area include the Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Research Center (University of California
University of California
The University of California is a public university system in the U.S. state of California. Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education, the University of California is a part of the state's three-tier public higher education system, which also includes the California State University...
Reserve System) and the Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy. In addition, the 1964 Wilderness Act
Wilderness Act
The Wilderness Act of 1964 was written by Howard Zahniser of The Wilderness Society. It created the legal definition of wilderness in the United States, and protected some 9 million acres of federal land. The result of a long effort to protect federal wilderness, the Wilderness Act was signed...
established the San Jacinto Wilderness and in 1984, the California Desert Protection Act added the Santa Rosa Wilderness
Santa Rosa Wilderness
The Santa Rosa Wilderness is a wilderness area in Southern California, in the Santa Rosa Mountains of Riverside and San Diego counties, California. It is in the Colorado Desert section of the Sonoran Desert, above the Coachella Valley and Lower Colorado River Valley regions in a Peninsular...
in the Colorado Desert
Colorado Desert
California's Colorado Desert is a part of the larger Sonoran Desert, which extends across southwest North America. The Colorado Desert region encompasses approximately , reaching from the Mexican border in the south to the higher-elevation Mojave Desert in the north and from the Colorado River in...
section of the Sonoran Desert
Sonoran Desert
The Sonoran Desert is a North American desert which straddles part of the United States-Mexico border and covers large parts of the U.S. states of Arizona and California and the northwest Mexican states of Sonora, Baja California, and Baja California Sur. It is one of the largest and hottest...
. Other agencies include local and tribal governments which have habitat conservation
Habitat conservation
Habitat conservation is a land management practice that seeks to conserve, protect and restore, habitat areas for wild plants and animals, especially conservation reliant species, and prevent their extinction, fragmentation or reduction in range...
plans, including the Habitat Conservation Plan addition to the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians' Tribal Conservation Program. Private conservation organizations, such as The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy is a US charitable environmental organization that works to preserve the plants, animals, and natural communities that represent the diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands and waters they need to survive....
, American Land Conservancy
American Land Conservancy
The mission of American Land Conservancy is to conserve land for the benefit of people and wildlife.- About ALC :American Land Conservancy is a non-profit land conservation organization dedicated to protecting America’s natural heritage by conserving land for the benefit of people and wildlife...
, and Friends of the Desert Mountains, have also contributed to the protection of the mountains through land purchases and acquisitions.
Landscape, vegetation and wildlife
sharply from below sea level to nearly 11000 feet (3,352.8 m). These mountains are a part of the Peninsular Range Province, which extends from the Baja Peninsula in Mexico to San Jacinto Mountains in California. San Jacinto Peak is the highest point in the Peninsular Range Province and has one of the steepest fault-block escarpments in North America.
The differences in elevation, temperature, and moisture gives rise to diverse vegetation. Being the western boundary of the Sonoran Desert
Sonoran Desert
The Sonoran Desert is a North American desert which straddles part of the United States-Mexico border and covers large parts of the U.S. states of Arizona and California and the northwest Mexican states of Sonora, Baja California, and Baja California Sur. It is one of the largest and hottest...
, the eastern mountainslopes are hotter and drier, while the western side is affected by the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
and receives more precipitation with cooler temperatures. There are several major vegetation areas ranging from sand dunes/sand fields, chaparral and mesquite to riparian zones of willow and cottonwood, desert fan palm oasis woodland, and pinyon pine woodland, with the highest elevations supporting lodgepole pine timberline forest.
Another factor influencing plant and animal species is the "island" aspect of the San Jacinto Mountains and the Peninsular Range, the unique isolation of the landform on three sides-the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Salton Trough
Colorado River Delta
The Colorado River Delta is the region where the Colorado River flows into the Gulf of California . The delta is part of a larger geologic region called the Salton Trough. Historically, the interaction of the river’s flow and the ocean’s tide created a dynamic environment, supporting freshwater,...
/desert environment in the east, and to the north, the San Gorgonio Pass
San Gorgonio Pass
The San Gorgonio Pass el. cuts between the San Bernardino Mountains on the north and the San Jacinto Mountains to the south. Like the Cajon Pass to the northwest, it was also created by the San Andreas Fault...
. Biologists believe that this isolation has contributed to evolution of subspecies such as the San Diego mountain kingsnake
San Diego Mountain Kingsnake
The San Diego Mountain Kingsnake is a snake native to Southern California. Its state-level conservation status is "Species of Special Concern"....
.
The Californiat fan palm (Washingtonia filifera)
Washingtonia filifera
Washingtonia filifera , with the common names California Fan Palm , Desert Fan Palm, Cotton palm, and Arizona Fan Palm. It is a palm native to southwestern North America between an elevation range of , at seeps, desert bajadas, and springs where underground water is continuously available...
groves, part of the natural community of oasis riparian woodland, are located at permanent water sites of both Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains. The fan palm is a relict species, although not listed under the Endangered Species Act
Endangered Species Act
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 is one of the dozens of United States environmental laws passed in the 1970s. Signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973, it was designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and...
. Associated plants in the oasis woodland include honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), arrow weed, and deer grass.
The largest plant category in the national monument is collectively known as desert scrub and includes Sonoran Cresosote Scrub and Sonoran Mixed Woody and Succulent Scrub vegetation communities. Desert scrub occupies more than 160000 acres (647.5 km²) and consists of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), burrobrush (Ambrosia dumosa)
Ambrosia dumosa
Ambrosia dumosa, the burro-weed or white bursage, is a common constituent of the creosote-bush scrub community throughout the Mojave desert of California, Nevada, and Utah and the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northwestern Mexico....
, cacti, and other stem succulents. Desert scrub is found on the alluvial fans and intermountain bajada
Bajada
Bajada may refer to:*Bajada a festival common to the Canary islands* Bajada, a compound Alluvial fan* La Bajada, an escarpment of the Caja del Rio, New Mexico, USA* Clint Bajada , Maltese TV and radio personality...
s, growing on coarse, well-drained soils. Wildlife of the desert scrub plant community include the federally-protected Peninsular Ranges bighorn sheep
Bighorn Sheep
The bighorn sheep is a species of sheep in North America named for its large horns. These horns can weigh up to , while the sheep themselves weigh up to . Recent genetic testing indicates that there are three distinct subspecies of Ovis canadensis, one of which is endangered: Ovis canadensis sierrae...
(Ovis canadensis nelsoni), and the desert tortoise
Desert Tortoise
The desert tortoise is a species of tortoise native to the Mojave desert and Sonoran desert of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. They can be located in western Arizona, southeastern California, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah. The species name agassizii is in honor of...
(Xerobates (or Gopherus) agassizii).
On both sides of the mountains, montane coniferous forest occur from around 5,500 to 9000 feet (2,743.2 m) in elevation. Vegetation in this area includes Jeffery pine, ponderosa pine, incense cedar, and sugar pine.
Rare plants in the national monument include Hidden Lake bluecurls, Trichostema austromontanum
Trichostema austromontanum
Trichostema austromontanum is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name San Jacinto bluecurls. It is native to California from the mountains east of the Sierra Nevada to the Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges, its distribution extending south into Baja...
ssp. compactum (federally listed as threatened, 1998), and found at a single vernal pool
Vernal pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are temporary pools of water. They are usually devoid of fish, and thus allow the safe development of natal amphibian and insect species...
site, Nuttall's scrub oak, desert sand verbena, Yucaipa onion, and vanishing wild buckwheat.
There are 19 species endemic to the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument area. These species require or are restricted to a small geographical area which makes them vulnerable from any habitat disturbance. A few of these species are: Johnston's rockcress, Casey’s June beetle , Coachella Valley round-tailed ground squirrel, Munz’s mariposa lily, Pratt’s dark aurora blue butterfly, San Jacinto bush snapdragon, Santa Rosa Mountain linanthus, Tahquitz ivesia, and Ziegler’s aster.
The Bureau of Land Management lists eight animal species within the monument as endangered, threatened or rare. Of these, all but one are federally-listed with the southern rubber boa
Rubber Boa
The Rubber Boa is a snake in the family Boidae that is native to the Western United States.-Taxonomy:The Rubber Boa is a snake in the family Boidae and genus Charina. The name Charina is from the Greek for graceful or delightful, and the name bottae honors Dr. Paolo E. Botta, an Italian ship's...
being state-listed as threatened. In addition to the Peninsular bighorn sheep and the desert tortoise, some of these protected wildlife include the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard
Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard
The Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard is a species of phrynosomatid lizard.-Conservation status:It is listed as an endangered species in California, a threatened species in the United States, and the IUCN classifies it as endangered.-Habitat:The Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard is restricted...
and the Southwestern willow flycatcher
Willow Flycatcher
The Willow Flycatcher is a small insect-eating bird of the tyrant flycatcher family.Adults have brown-olive upperparts, darker on the wings and tail, with whitish underparts; they have an indistinct white eye ring, white wing bars and a small bill. The breast is washed with olive-grey. The upper...
.
Management and recreation
The Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument is managed by a mosiac of entities; Bureau of Land Management (89,500 acres), US Forest Service Forest (65,000 acres), Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians (19,800 acres), California Department of Parks and Recreation (12,900 acres), 36400 acres (147.3 km²) of other State of California agencies, and 38500 acres (155.8 km²) of private lands. Most of the common recreatioal uses of hikingHiking
Hiking is an outdoor activity which consists of walking in natural environments, often in mountainous or other scenic terrain. People often hike on hiking trails. It is such a popular activity that there are numerous hiking organizations worldwide. The health benefits of different types of hiking...
, mountain biking
Mountain biking
Mountain biking is a sport which consists of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially adapted mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes, but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.Mountain biking can...
, horseback riding and camping
Camping
Camping is an outdoor recreational activity. The participants leave urban areas, their home region, or civilization and enjoy nature while spending one or several nights outdoors, usually at a campsite. Camping may involve the use of a tent, caravan, motorhome, cabin, a primitive structure, or no...
are allowed, with the exception of special areas such as ecological reserves and essential bighorn sheep habitat. The Pacific Crest Trail
Pacific Crest Trail
The Pacific Crest Trail is a long-distance mountain hiking and equestrian trail on the Western Seaboard of the United States. The southern terminus is at the California border with Mexico...
traverses the western part of the national monument, and is one of the nation’s first National Scenic Trails established by the National Trails System Act (Public Law 90-543). This segment of the trail is managed by the Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).
The national monument legislation (introduced on February 16, 2000, by Congresswoman Mary Bono
Mary Bono
Mary Bono Mack is the U.S. Representative for , and previously the 44th, serving since 1998. She is a member of the Republican Party. The district is based in Palm Springs and includes most of central and eastern Riverside County. Bono Mack sits on the Energy and Commerce Committee, and is...
), authorized the establishment of a management plan that included cooperative agreements with existing organizations, such as the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians and the University of California, as well as maintaining most of the historical land uses, except mining
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...
and geothermal
Geothermal
Geothermal is related to energy and may refer to:* The geothermal gradient and associated heat flows from within the Earth- Renewable technology :...
activities.
"The establishment of the National Monument will not be construed to alter the existing authorized uses of the federal lands included in the National Monument... Intends to generally manage land...to continue many of the currently authorized or historical land uses. These uses include recreational activities, hunting, trapping, and fishing, grazing..."
"...a special effort to consult with representatives of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians regarding the management plan during the preparation and implementation of the plan. Consistent with the management plan and existing authorities, the Secretaries [meaning Department of Interior, Department of Agriculture] may enter into cooperative agreements and shared management arrangements, which may include special use permits with any person, including the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians, for the purposes of management, interpretation, and research and education regarding the resources of
the National Monument."
"In the case of any agreement with the University of California in existence as of the date of enactment of this Act relating to the University’s use of certain Federal land within the National Monument,...either revise the agreement or enter into a new agreement as may be necessary..."
See also
- San Jacinto MountainsSan Jacinto MountainsThe San Jacinto Mountains are a mountain range east of Los Angeles in southern California in the United States. The mountains are named for Saint Hyacinth . The Pacific Crest Trail runs along the spine of the range.The range extends for approximately from the San Bernardino Mountains southeast to...
- Santa Rosa MountainsSanta Rosa MountainsSanta Rosa Mountains may refer to the following mountains in the United States of America:*Santa Rosa Mountains *Santa Rosa Mountains Other similar names include*The Santa Rosa Range in northern Nevada...
- Anza-Borrego Desert State ParkAnza-Borrego Desert State ParkAnza-Borrego Desert State Park is a state park located within the Colorado Desert of Southern California. The park takes its name from 18th century, Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza and borrego, the Spanish word for bighorn sheep...
- on the southern side' - Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere ReserveMojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere ReserveThe Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve designated by UNESCO in 1984 to promote the ecological conservation of a cluster of areas in the Mojave and Colorado deserts of California. A principal feature is Death Valley...
- within this - List of plants by common name (Sonoran Desert)