Sandefjord
Encyclopedia
is a city and municipality
Municipalities of Norway
Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties , and 430 municipalities...

 in Vestfold
Vestfold
is a county in Norway, bordering Buskerud and Telemark. The county administration is in Tønsberg.Vestfold is located west of the Oslofjord, as the name indicates. It includes many smaller, but well-known towns in Norway, such as Larvik, Sandefjord, Tønsberg and Horten. The river Numedalslågen runs...

 county
Counties of Norway
Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties . The counties form the primary first-level subdivisions of Norway and are further divided into 430 municipalities...

, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...

. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sandefjord. The municipality of Sandefjord was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt
Formannskapsdistrikt
Formannskapsdistrikt was the name for a Norwegian local self-government districts put into force in 1838. This system of municipality was created in a bill approved by the Storting and signed into law by King Carl Johan on 14 January 1837...

). The rural municipality of Sandar
Sandar
Sandar is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway.Sandar was established as a municipality January 1, 1838...

 was merged into the municipality of Sandefjord on 1 January 1968.

Name

The name originally belonged to the fjord
Fjord
Geologically, a fjord is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created in a valley carved by glacial activity.-Formation:A fjord is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by abrasion of the surrounding bedrock. Glacial melting is accompanied by rebound of Earth's crust as the ice...

 (now called the Sandefjordsfjord
Sandefjordsfjord
The Sandefjordsfjord is an approximately 9 km long fjord in the municipality of Sandefjord in Vestfold, Norway. It is located to the west of Vesterøya....

). The first element is the genitive case
Genitive case
In grammar, genitive is the grammatical case that marks a noun as modifying another noun...

 of the name of the parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...

 and former municipality of Sandar
Sandar
Sandar is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway.Sandar was established as a municipality January 1, 1838...

.

Coat-of-arms

The coat-of-arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...

 is from modern times. They were granted on 9 May 1914. The Viking ship
Viking ship
Viking ships were vessels used during the Viking Age in Northern Europe. Scandinavian tradition of shipbuilding during the Viking Age was characterized by slender and flexible boats, with symmetrical ends with true keel. They were clinker built, which is the overlapping of planks riveted together...

 symbolizes the famous Gokstad ship
Gokstad ship
The Gokstad ship is a Viking ship found in a burial mound at Gokstad farm in Sandar, Sandefjord, Vestfold, Norway.-Discovery:The place where the boat was found, situated on arable land, had long been named Gokstadhaugen or Kongshaugen , although the relevance of its name had been discounted as...

, that was found near Sandefjord in 1880, one of the best preserved Vikings ships known. The whale
Whale
Whale is the common name for various marine mammals of the order Cetacea. The term whale sometimes refers to all cetaceans, but more often it excludes dolphins and porpoises, which belong to suborder Odontoceti . This suborder also includes the sperm whale, killer whale, pilot whale, and beluga...

 symbolizes the fact that in the late 19th and early 20th century, Sandefjord was a main home port for whalers operating in the southern oceans.

Gokstad viking ship

One of the most important remains from the Viking age
Viking Age
Viking Age is the term for the period in European history, especially Northern European and Scandinavian history, spanning the late 8th to 11th centuries. Scandinavian Vikings explored Europe by its oceans and rivers through trade and warfare. The Vikings also reached Iceland, Greenland,...

 was found at the grave site Gokstadhaugen in Sandefjord. The Gokstad ship
Gokstad ship
The Gokstad ship is a Viking ship found in a burial mound at Gokstad farm in Sandar, Sandefjord, Vestfold, Norway.-Discovery:The place where the boat was found, situated on arable land, had long been named Gokstadhaugen or Kongshaugen , although the relevance of its name had been discounted as...

 was excavated by Nicolay Nicolaysen
Nicolay Nicolaysen
Nicolay Nicolaysen was a Norwegian Archaeologist and Norway's first state employed Antiquarian. -Biography:...

 and is now in the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo
Viking Ship Museum in Oslo
The Viking Ship Museum is located at Bygdøy in Oslo, Norway. It is part of the Museum of Cultural History of the University of Oslo, and houses archaeological finds from Tune, Gokstad , Oseberg and the Borre mound cemetery.-Attractions:The main attractions at the Viking Ship Museum are the ...

. The Viking
Viking (ship)
‎The Viking is an exact replica of the Gokstad ship, a Viking ship found in a burial mound near Sandefjord, Norway in 1880. The Viking was featured at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893....

, an exact replica of the Gokstad ship, crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Bergen
Bergen
Bergen is the second largest city in Norway with a population of as of , . Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland county. Greater Bergen or Bergen Metropolitan Area as defined by Statistics Norway, has a population of as of , ....

 to be exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition
World's Columbian Exposition
The World's Columbian Exposition was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. Chicago bested New York City; Washington, D.C.; and St...

 in Chicago during 1893. A replica
Replica
A replica is a copy closely resembling the original concerning its shape and appearance. An inverted replica complements the original by filling its gaps. It can be a copy used for historical purposes, such as being placed in a museum. Sometimes the original never existed. For example, Difference...

 of Gokstad ship, called Gaia currently has Sandefjord as home port. Other known replicas include the Munin, (a half scale replica) located in Vancouver, BC.

Health resort

Sandefjord was formerly a famous health resort, with various kinds of baths
Bathing
Bathing is the washing or cleansing of the body in a fluid, usually water or an aqueous solution. It may be practised for personal hygiene, religious ritual or therapeutic purposes or as a recreational activity....

 for health improvement. Amongst these were salt water sea baths, mud and sulfur
Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow...

 baths. Visitors included royalty, a prime minister, and some of Norway’s foremost cultural personalities. Around 50,000 people, mostly Norwegians, visited the bath from 1837 to 1939. Today the bath's building has been restored and now hosts cultural events and various activities.

Whaling and ships

From 1850, a number of ships from Sandefjord were whaling
Whaling
Whaling is the hunting of whales mainly for meat and oil. Its earliest forms date to at least 3000 BC. Various coastal communities have long histories of sustenance whaling and harvesting beached whales...

 and sealing
Seal hunting
Seal hunting, or sealing, is the personal or commercial hunting of seals. The hunt is currently practiced in five countries: Canada, where most of the world's seal hunting takes place, Namibia, the Danish region of Greenland, Norway and Russia...

 in the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...

 and along the coast of Finnmark
Finnmark
or Finnmárku is a county in the extreme northeast of Norway. By land it borders Troms county to the west, Finland to the south and Russia to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea to the northwest, and the Barents Sea to the north and northeast.The county was formerly known as Finmarkens...

. The first whaling expedition from Sandefjord to the Antarctic Ocean
Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60°S latitude and encircling Antarctica. It is usually regarded as the fourth-largest of the five principal oceanic divisions...

 was sent in 1905. Towards the end of the 1920s, Sandefjord had a fleet of 15 factory ships and more than 90 whalers. In 1954, more than 2,800 men from the district were hired as crew on the whalers, but from the mid 1950s whaling was gradually reduced. The number of southbound expeditions rapidly decreased during the 1960s, and the 1967/68 season became the last for Sandefjord. The shipping
Shipping
Shipping has multiple meanings. It can be a physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo, by land, air, and sea. It also can describe the movement of objects by ship.Land or "ground" shipping can be by train or by truck...

 industry was gradually readjusted from whaling to other ship types during this period. The local Framnæs Mekaniske Værksted and Jotun Group Private Ltd.
Jotun (company)
Jotun A/S is one of the world's leading producers of paints, coatings and powder coatings. The group has 70 companies and 38 production facilities on all continents. In addition, Jotun has agents, branch offices and distributors in more than 80 countries...

 had major roles in this business.

Today, the memories from this important period of the city's history are kept alive through the whaling museum
Sandefjord Museum
Sandefjordmuseene is a museum dedicated to the Whaling Industry located in Sandefjord, Norway. It is the only specialized museum on the subject of whales and whaling in Europe.-History:...

 (Hvalfangstmuseet). This museum is the only museum in Europe specializing in whale
Whale
Whale is the common name for various marine mammals of the order Cetacea. The term whale sometimes refers to all cetaceans, but more often it excludes dolphins and porpoises, which belong to suborder Odontoceti . This suborder also includes the sperm whale, killer whale, pilot whale, and beluga...

s and the history of whaling. The history of the whalers can also be explored at the Museum's Wharf with a visit aboard the whale-catcher Southern Actor
Southern Actor
Southern Actor is a former whale catcher, currently a museum ship based in Sandefjord, Norway and owned by Sandefjord Museum.Southern Actor was built in 1950 for the whaling company Christian Salvesen Ltd in Leith, Scotland. Many of Salvesen's employees were Norwegian mostly from Vestfold...

.

Sandefjord also has shipping traditions from tall sailing ships and steam ships. The full rigged sailing ship Christian Radich
Christian Radich (ship)
Christian Radich is a Norwegian full rigged ship, named after a Norwegian shipowner. The vessel was built at Framnæs shipyard in Sandefjord, Norway, and was delivered on 17 June 1937...

, three-masted barquentine
Barquentine
A barquentine is a sailing vessel with three or more masts; with a square rigged foremast and fore-and-aft rigged main, mizzen and any other masts.-Modern barquentine sailing rig:...

 Endurance
Endurance (1912 ship)
The Endurance was the three-masted barquentine in which Sir Ernest Shackleton sailed for the Antarctic on the 1914 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition...

, whale catcher
Whaler
A whaler is a specialized ship, designed for whaling, the catching and/or processing of whales. The former included the whale catcher, a steam or diesel-driven vessel with a harpoon gun mounted at its bows. The latter included such vessels as the sail or steam-driven whaleship of the 16th to early...

 Jason
Jason (Ship)
Jason was a Norwegian whaling vessel laid down in 1881 in Rødsverven, Norway, the same shipyard which later built Ernest Shackleton's ship the Endurance...

and Viking ship
Viking ship
Viking ships were vessels used during the Viking Age in Northern Europe. Scandinavian tradition of shipbuilding during the Viking Age was characterized by slender and flexible boats, with symmetrical ends with true keel. They were clinker built, which is the overlapping of planks riveted together...

 replica Viking
Viking (ship)
‎The Viking is an exact replica of the Gokstad ship, a Viking ship found in a burial mound near Sandefjord, Norway in 1880. The Viking was featured at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893....

were a few of the many ships built by Framnæs Mekaniske Værksted.

Geography

The two peninsula
Headland
A headland is a point of land, usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends out into a body of water.Headland can also refer to:*Headlands and bays*headLand, an Australian television series...

s called Østerøya
Østerøya
Østerøya is one of two peninsulas outside Sandefjord, Norway. It borders in west to the Mefjord and east to the Tønsbergfjord. Tønsberg tønne is located on the south end of the peninsula....

 ("Eastern Island") and Vesterøya
Vesterøya
Vesterøya is one of two peninsulas outside Sandefjord, Norway.-Beaches:* Asnes* Tangen* Sjøbakken* Langeby* Vøra* Fruvika* Grubesand...

 ("Western Island") contribute to a total coastline of 146 kilometres (90.7 mi), and form the Sandefjordsfjord
Sandefjordsfjord
The Sandefjordsfjord is an approximately 9 km long fjord in the municipality of Sandefjord in Vestfold, Norway. It is located to the west of Vesterøya....

 and Mefjord
Mefjord
The Mefjord is a small fjord in the municipality of Sandefjord in Vestfold, Norway. It is located between Østerøya and Vesterøya....

. The coastline offers a wide variety of sandy beach
Beach
A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of an ocean, sea, lake or river. It usually consists of loose particles which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles or cobblestones...

es, skerries
Skerry
A skerry is a small rocky island, usually defined to be too small for habitation. It may simply be a rocky reef. A skerry can also be called a low sea stack....

, and islet
Islet
An islet is a very small island.- Types :As suggested by its origin as islette, an Old French diminutive of "isle", use of the term implies small size, but little attention is given to drawing an upper limit on its applicability....

s (116 in total), along with bay
Bay
A bay is an area of water mostly surrounded by land. Bays generally have calmer waters than the surrounding sea, due to the surrounding land blocking some waves and often reducing winds. Bays also exist as an inlet in a lake or pond. A large bay may be called a gulf, a sea, a sound, or a bight...

s and sloping rocks.

Of Sandefjord's total area, 37.7 square kilometres (14.6 sq mi) is agricultural
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...

 and 36.2 square kilometres (14 sq mi) is forest
Forest
A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...

. Neighbouring towns are Tønsberg
Tønsberg
is a city and municipality in Vestfold county, southern Norway, located around north-east of Sandefjord. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Tønsberg....

 and Larvik
Larvik
is a city and municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Larvik. Larvik kommune - has about 41 364 inhabitants and covers 530 km2....

. A small part of Sandefjord (the Himberg farm) is lying as a exclave inside the borders of the municipality of Larvik.

Townscape

Sandefjord has a good selection of restaurants and cafés. According to the renowned restaurant guide, Salt & Pepper, Sandefjord holds what is possibly Norway’s best gourmet restaurant which is located in a modern building near the harbour. Also located at the harbour, is the fishmonger
Fishmonger
A fishmonger is someone who sells fish and seafood...

 well known for the excellent quality of its goods and delicacies. Sandefjord has a charming city centre, consisting of a mixture of old and modern buildings and a wide selection of shops.

The whaling monument is located at the end of the city’s main street, Jernbanealléen, in the harbour area. Nearby is a restaurant called Kokeriet, one of the relatively few places where whale meat
Whale meat
Whale meat is the flesh of whales used for consumption by humans or other animals. It is prepared in various ways, and is historically part of the diet and cuisine of various communities that live near an ocean, including those of Japan, Norway, Iceland, and the Arctic...

 is regularly served.

Economy

Sandefjord is home to the paint
Paint
Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. One may also consider the digital mimicry thereof...

 producer Jotun
Jotun (company)
Jotun A/S is one of the world's leading producers of paints, coatings and powder coatings. The group has 70 companies and 38 production facilities on all continents. In addition, Jotun has agents, branch offices and distributors in more than 80 countries...

, the brewery
Brewery
A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of beer, though beer can be made at home, and has been for much of beer's history. A company which makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company....

 Grans Bryggeri
Grans Brewery
The Grans Brewery is a brewery founded in 1899 in Sandefjord, Norway. The name was Sandefjord Bryggeri og Mineralvandfabrik A/S until 1965...

, the chocolate
Chocolate
Chocolate is a raw or processed food produced from the seed of the tropical Theobroma cacao tree. Cacao has been cultivated for at least three millennia in Mexico, Central and South America. Its earliest documented use is around 1100 BC...

 factory Hval Sjokoladefabrikk
Hval Sjokoladefabrikk
Hval sjokoladefabrikk is a chocolate factory located in Sandefjord, Norway. The company was established in 1996 by Rolf Rune Forsberg....

, the engineering
Engineering
Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...

 company Ramboll Oil & Gas, as well as three of Norway's largest online shops, Komplett.no
Komplett
Komplett AS is a Norwegian e-commerce company with nine webshops in 3 countries in Scandinavia. The larger part of their product assortment is computers and components, but have expanded to photo, Hi-Fi, TV, gaming and white goods....

, mpx.no, and netshop.no.

Transportation

Sandefjord Airport, Torp is located in the municipality. The ferries Bohus
MS Bohus
MS Bohus is a ferry owned by Color Line operating between Sandefjord and Strömstad. -External links:**...

 and Viking
MS Color Viking
MS Color Viking is a cruiseferry owned by the Norway-based Color Line, operated on their service between Sandefjord and Strömstad. She was built in 1985 as MS Peder Paars by Nakskov Skipsværft, Nakskov, Denmark for DSB Færger...

 connect the town to Strömstad
Strömstad
Strömstad is a locality and the seat of Strömstad Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 6,110 inhabitants in 2005.Strömstad is, despite its small population, for historical reasons normally still referred to as a city.- History :...

 in Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....

. Sandefjord Airport Station is part of Vestfoldbanen. European route E18
European route E18
European route E18 runs from Craigavon in the United Kingdom to Saint Petersburg in Russia, passing through Norway, Sweden, and Finland. It is about 1,890 km in length.-United Kingdom:...

 traverses the municipality.

Culture and sports

The local football club, Sandefjord Fotball
Sandefjord Fotball
Sandefjord Fotball is a Norwegian professional football club, founded on September 10, 1998. The club plays in the Adeccoligaen. Their home ground is the Komplett.no Arena, located in Sandefjord, Vestfold....

, plays in the Adeccoligaen
Adeccoligaen
The Norwegian First Division is the second highest division of the Norwegian football league system. Since 2005, the official name of the league has been Adeccoligaen....

 (Norwegian First Division). Sandefjord handball
Sandefjord TIF Handball
Sandefjord TIF Håndball is a handball sub-section under Sandefjord TIF. The sports club has teams for men, women, boys and girls.The men team won the 2005-2006 Norwegian national league.-External links:*...

 won the men's Premier League in 2005-06. Marius Bakken
Marius Bakken
Marius Bakken is a Norwegian runner who specializes in the 5000 metres, having run distances from 800 to 10,000 metres in his early career. He represents IL Runar....

 is successful as a middle distance runner. Other local sports clubs include IL Runar
IL Runar
Idrettslaget Runar is a Norwegian sports club from Haukerød in Sandefjord. It has sections for athletics, team handball, football and cross country skiing....

 and Sandefjord TIF
Sandefjord TIF
Sandefjord Turn- og Idrettsforening is a sports club in Sandefjord, Norway. The club has activities in basketball, handball , orienteering, athletics, skiing, volleyball, gymnastics and children's allsports....

.

Notable residents

Fredrik Nordahl Andersen, musician ( born 1981)
Pal Henrik-Kristiansen (1985-) Communication Researcher / Scholar

See also

  • List of schools in Sandefjord
  • Sandefjords Blad
    Sandefjords Blad
    Sandefjords Blad is a newspaper published daily in Sandefjord, Norway, except on Sundays. It is available in Norwegian language only. Sandefjords Blad is a private company, owned by Mecom with a circulation of 14,780 copies and 50 employees ....

     (local newspaper)
  • Skiringssal
    Skiringssal
    Skiringssal is the name of an area situated in the Norwegian municipalities of Larvik and Sandefjord, in the southern region of the county of Vestfold...

  • Larvik and Sandefjord metropolitan region
    Larvik/Sandefjord Region
    Larvik/Sandefjord Region is a metropolitan region in the county of Vestfold in southeastern Norway. It is centered on the cities of Larvik and Sandefjord.1/ km²2/ Population per km²-External links:**...

  • Sang til Sandefjord
    Sang til Sandefjord
    Sang til Sandefjord was written to the town of Sandefjord by Thorleif Jacobsen in the 1930s. The original music was composed by Baard Heradstveit. However, his melody was considered to be very difficult to sing...


External links

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