Richmond, Indiana
Encyclopedia
Richmond is a city largely within Wayne Township
, Wayne County
, in east central Indiana
, United States, which borders Ohio
. The city also includes the Richmond Municipal Airport, which is in Boston Township
and separated from the rest of the city. It is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because some early jazz
records were made here at the studio of Gennett Records
, a division of the Starr Piano Company.
Richmond is the county seat
of Wayne County. The city's 2010 population was 36,812. Like many cities that formerly depended on manufacturing, Richmond is having to create a new economy. Its rich architectural heritage and Main Street attest to a strong base. The city has twice received the All-America City Award
, most recently in a youth-initiated 2009 effort.
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the city has a total area of 23.3 square miles (60.3 km²), of which, 23.2 square miles (60.1 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square mile (0.258998811 km²) of it (0.26%) is water.
of 2000, there were 39,124 people, 16,287 households, and 9,918 families residing in the city. The population density
was 1,685.3 people per square mile (650.8/km²). There were 17,647 housing units at an average density of 760.2 per square mile (293.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.78% White, 8.87% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.09% from other races
, and 2.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.03% of the population.
There were 16,287 households out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples
living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the city the population was spread out with 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,210, and the median income for a family was $38,346. Males had a median income of $30,849 versus $21,164 for females. The per capita income
for the city was $17,096. About 12.1% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.
According to an estimate released in 2009 by the United States Census Bureau
, Wayne County, of which Richmond is the county seat
, had a relatively high population of divorced residents: 19.2 percent. Among 54,810 native-born residents 19.4 percent were divorced, and among 550 foreign-born residents none were divorced. Among Whites, 18.7 percent were divorced, while 11.6 percent of Blacks or African Americans were divorced. The age category with the highest percentage of divorced person was 45-54. (males: 35 percent; females 33.5 percent). Among males and females aged 15–19, the percent divorced was zero.
, this area in historic times was inhabited by Native Americans
of a variety of nations.
In 1806 the first European Americans, Quaker families from North Carolina
, settled along the East Fork of the Whitewater River
. This was part of a general westward migration in the early decades after the American Revolution
. John Smith and David Hoover were among the earliest settlers. Richmond is still home to several Quaker institutions, including Friends United Meeting
, Earlham College
and the Earlham School of Religion
.
The city was connected to the National Road
, the first road built by the federal government and a major route west for pioneers of the 19th century. It became part of the system of National Auto Trail
s. The highway is now known as
U.S. Highway 40. One of the extant Madonna of the Trail
monuments was dedicated at Richmond on October 28, 1928 The monument sits in a corner of Glen Miller Park adjacent to US 40
.
Richmond is believed to have been the smallest community in the United States to have supported a professional opera company and symphony orchestra. The Whitewater Opera has since closed but the Richmond Symphony Orchestra has continued. In 1899 Will Earhart
formed the first complete high school orchestra in the nation. A later high school orchestra director, Joseph E. Maddy
, went on to found what is now known as the Interlochen Center for the Arts
in Michigan.
A group of artists in the area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came to be known as the Richmond Group
. They included John Elwood Bundy
, Charles Conner
, George Herbert Baker
, Maude Kaufman Eggemeyer
and John Albert Seaford, among others. The Richmond Art Museum
has a collection of regional and American art. Many consider the most significant painting in the collection to be a self-portrait of Indiana-born William Merritt Chase
.
Richmond's cultural resources include two of Indiana's three Egyptian
mummies
. One is held by the Wayne County Historical Museum and the second by Earlham College
's Joseph Moore Museum.
The arts were supported by a strong economy increasingly based on manufacturing. Richmond was once known as "the lawn mower capital" because it was a center for manufacturing of lawn mower
s from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. Manufacturers included Davis, Motomower, Dille-McGuire and F&N. The farm machinery builder Gaar-Scott
was based in Richmond. The Davis Aircraft Co., builder of a light parasol wing
monoplane, operated in Richmond beginning in 1929.
After starting out in nearby Union City
, Wayne Agricultural Works moved to Richmond. Wayne was a manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles, including "kid hack
s", a precursor of the motorized school bus
. From the early 1930s through the 1940s, several automobile
designers and manufacturers were located in Richmond. Among the automobiles locally manufactured were the Richmond
, built by the Wayne Works; the "Rodefeld"; the Davis
; the Pilot
; the Westcott
and the Crosley
.
In the 1950s, Wayne Works changed its name to Wayne Corporation
, by then a well-known bus
and school-bus manufacturer. In 1967 it relocated to a site adjacent to Interstate 70
. The company was a leader in school-bus safety innovations, but it closed in 1992 during a period of school-bus manufacturing industry consolidations.
Richmond was known as the "Rose
City" because of the many varieties once grown there by Hill's Roses. The company had several sprawling complexes of greenhouses, with a total of about 34 acres (137,593.2 m²) under glass. The annual Richmond Rose Festival honored the rose industry and was a popular summer attraction.
(KKK), Indiana had the strongest organization in the country, led by Grand Dragons D. C. Stephenson
and Walter F. Bossert
. Some men initially joined the KKK as a fraternal organization, as that was how it was marketed. In addition, they were banding together in reaction to the influx of newcomers arriving for industrial jobs: especially Catholic immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, and rural black migrants from the South
. The KKK had members in the state legislature who exerted control and an ally in Governor Ed Jackson. At its height, national membership during the second Klan movement reached 1.5 million, with 300,000 from Indiana.
Records show that Richmond (home to Whitewater Klan #60) and Wayne County were Klan strongholds, with up to 45 percent of the county's white males having been Klan members. Forty percent of Richmond's Kiwanis
club members, thirty percent of its doctors, and 27 percent of its lawyers were Klan members, but none of the city's bank executives or most powerful business leaders were members. In 1923 a reported 30,000 people watched a Klan parade through Richmond streets. Richmondite Robert Lyons was national chief of staff for the Klan.
Gennett Records was making some of the first recordings of important black jazz artists, helping Richmond gain the nickname "cradle of recorded jazz." It also produced private-label contract recordings for the KKK. Official racial segregation
existed in Richmond until 1965, when the city ended its policy of restricting black firefighters to one station and limiting promotion opportunities of firefighters and police officers. That same year the state of Indiana repealed its standing (but seldom enforced) anti-miscegenation law.
destroyed or damaged several downtown blocks and killed 41 people; more than 150 were injured. The book Death in a Sunny Street is about the event.
In the rebuilding effort, the city closed the main street through downtown to traffic and built the Downtown Promenade in 1972 (expanded in 1978). When studies showed that car traffic helped businesses, the city had the five-block pedestrian mall broken up. It reopened the street to traffic in 1997 as part of an urban revitalization effort.
A Powerball
lottery ticket sold in Richmond won approximately $314 million (annuity value) in the August 25, 2007 drawing. This exceeded a previous high prize in 1998, when a group of 13 machine-shop workers from Ohio won Powerball on a ticket also purchased in Richmond
. It won $295.7 million (annuity). The two tickets were sold at two different Speedway
convenience stores about three miles (5 km) apart; both sets of winners chose the cash option
.
architectural historians, Michael and Mary Raddant Tomlan, was published by the Indiana Historical Society
. Particularly notable buildings are the 1902 Pennsylvania Railroad
Station designed by Daniel Burnham
of Chicago
and the 1893 Wayne County Court House
designed by James W. McLaughlin
of Cincinnati. Local architects of note include John A. Hasecoster
, William S. Kaufman
and Stephen O. Yates.
The significance of the architecture has been recognized. Five large districts, such as the Depot District, and several individual buildings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places
, the Historic American Buildings Survey
and the Historic American Engineering Record.
at exits 149, 151, 153, and 156. Public transit service is provided by city-owned Roseview Transit, operating daily except Sundays and major holidays.
.
Full-power radio stations include WKBV
, WFMG
, WQLK
, WHON, WKRT, and Earlham College's student-run public radio station WECI
. Richmond is also served by several translator stations repeated from WKCD on 95.3 and 90.7 and WJYW which is repeated on 94.5 and 97.7. Area NPR
radio stations include WBSH
in Hagerstown, Indiana
and WMUB
in Oxford, OH.
Richmond is considered to be within the Dayton, Ohio
television market and has one full-power television station, WKOI, which is affiliated with TBN
. The city also has one county-wide Public, educational, and government access
(PEG) cable television
station, Whitewater Community Television.
Wayne Township, Wayne County, Indiana
Wayne Township is one of fifteen townships in Wayne County, Indiana, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 43,742.-Geography:Wayne Township covers an area of ; of this, or 0.76 percent is water...
, Wayne County
Wayne County, Indiana
Wayne County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 68,917. The county seat is Richmond.-History:...
, in east central Indiana
Indiana
Indiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is...
, United States, which borders Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...
. The city also includes the Richmond Municipal Airport, which is in Boston Township
Boston Township, Wayne County, Indiana
Boston Township is one of fifteen townships in Wayne County, Indiana, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 915.-Geography:Boston Township covers an area of ; of this, or 0.08 percent is water...
and separated from the rest of the city. It is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because some early jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...
records were made here at the studio of Gennett Records
Gennett Records
Gennett was a United States based record label which flourished in the 1920s.-Label history:Gennett records was founded in Richmond, Indiana by the Starr Piano Company, and released its first records in October 1917. The company took its name from its top managers: Harry, Fred and Clarence Gennett....
, a division of the Starr Piano Company.
Richmond is the county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....
of Wayne County. The city's 2010 population was 36,812. Like many cities that formerly depended on manufacturing, Richmond is having to create a new economy. Its rich architectural heritage and Main Street attest to a strong base. The city has twice received the All-America City Award
All-America City Award
The All-America City Award is given by the National Civic League annually to ten cities in the United States.The oldest community recognition program in the nation, the award recognizes communities whose citizens work together to identify and tackle community-wide challenges and achieve uncommon...
, most recently in a youth-initiated 2009 effort.
Geography
Richmond is located at 39.830189°N 84.890668°W.According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the city has a total area of 23.3 square miles (60.3 km²), of which, 23.2 square miles (60.1 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square mile (0.258998811 km²) of it (0.26%) is water.
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 39,124 people, 16,287 households, and 9,918 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 1,685.3 people per square mile (650.8/km²). There were 17,647 housing units at an average density of 760.2 per square mile (293.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.78% White, 8.87% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.09% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 2.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.03% of the population.
There were 16,287 households out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the city the population was spread out with 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,210, and the median income for a family was $38,346. Males had a median income of $30,849 versus $21,164 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the city was $17,096. About 12.1% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.
According to an estimate released in 2009 by the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, Wayne County, of which Richmond is the county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....
, had a relatively high population of divorced residents: 19.2 percent. Among 54,810 native-born residents 19.4 percent were divorced, and among 550 foreign-born residents none were divorced. Among Whites, 18.7 percent were divorced, while 11.6 percent of Blacks or African Americans were divorced. The age category with the highest percentage of divorced person was 45-54. (males: 35 percent; females 33.5 percent). Among males and females aged 15–19, the percent divorced was zero.
History
For thousands of years inhabited by indigenous peoplesIndigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....
, this area in historic times was inhabited by Native Americans
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America, their descendants and other ethnic groups who are identified with those peoples. Indigenous peoples are known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, and in the United States as Native Americans...
of a variety of nations.
In 1806 the first European Americans, Quaker families from North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...
, settled along the East Fork of the Whitewater River
Whitewater River (Indiana)
The Whitewater River is a tributary of the Great Miami River in southeastern Indiana and southwestern Ohio in the United States. It is formed by the confluence of two forks, the West Fork and East Fork....
. This was part of a general westward migration in the early decades after the American Revolution
American Revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America...
. John Smith and David Hoover were among the earliest settlers. Richmond is still home to several Quaker institutions, including Friends United Meeting
Friends United Meeting
Friends United Meeting is an association of twenty-six yearly meetings of the Religious Society of Friends in North America, Africa, and the Caribbean. In addition there are several individual Monthly meetings and organizations that are members of FUM...
, Earlham College
Earlham College
Earlham College is a liberal arts college in Richmond, Indiana. It was founded in 1847 by Quakers and has approximately 1,200 students.The president is John David Dawson...
and the Earlham School of Religion
Earlham School of Religion
Earlham School of Religion , a graduate division of Earlham College, located in Richmond, Indiana, is the oldest graduate seminary associated with the Religious Society of Friends . ESR was founded in 1960 by Wilmer Cooper, D. Elton Trueblood and others for the training of Quaker ministers...
.
The city was connected to the National Road
National Road
The National Road or Cumberland Road was the first major improved highway in the United States to be built by the federal government. Construction began heading west in 1811 at Cumberland, Maryland, on the Potomac River. It crossed the Allegheny Mountains and southwestern Pennsylvania, reaching...
, the first road built by the federal government and a major route west for pioneers of the 19th century. It became part of the system of National Auto Trail
National auto trail
The system of auto trails was an informal network of marked routes that existed in the United States and Canada in the early part of the 20th century. Marked with colored bands on telephone poles, the trails were intended to help travellers in the early days of the automobile.Auto trails were...
s. The highway is now known as
U.S. Highway 40. One of the extant Madonna of the TrailMadonna of the Trail
Madonna of the Trail is a series of 12 monuments dedicated to the spirit of pioneer women in the United States. The monuments were commissioned by the National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution...
monuments was dedicated at Richmond on October 28, 1928 The monument sits in a corner of Glen Miller Park adjacent to US 40
U.S. Route 40
U.S. Route 40 is an east–west United States highway. As with most routes whose numbers end in a zero, U.S. 40 once traversed the entire United States. It is one of the original 1920s U.S. Highways, and its first termini were San Francisco, California, and Atlantic City, New Jersey...
.
Will Earhart
-Overview:Born in Franklin, Ohio, Earhart studied violin, piano, counterpoint and harmony. He began teaching in Miamisburg, Ohio and later became music supervisor in the public schools of Greenville, Ohio....
formed the first complete high school orchestra in the nation. A later high school orchestra director, Joseph E. Maddy
Joseph E. Maddy
Joseph Edgar Maddy was a pioneering American music educator.He was born in Wellington, Kansas where both of his parents were teachers. He attended Wichita College of Music in Wichita, Kansas...
, went on to found what is now known as the Interlochen Center for the Arts
Interlochen Center for the Arts
Interlochen Center for the Arts is a privately owned, 1,200 acre arts education institution in Interlochen, Michigan, roughly 15 miles southwest of Traverse City...
in Michigan.
A group of artists in the area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came to be known as the Richmond Group
Richmond Group
The Richmond Group also known as the Richmond School, is a group of American Impressionist painters who worked in the Richmond, Indiana area from the late 19th Century through the mid-20th Century...
. They included John Elwood Bundy
John Elwood Bundy
John Elwood Bundy was an American Impressionist painter known as the "dean" of the Richmond Group of painters in the late 19th and early 20th centuries....
, Charles Conner
Charles Conner
Charles Fremont Conner was an American artist who was one of the most important painters in the Richmond Group in Richmond, Indiana.Conner is considered as one of the most talented early Richmond artists...
, George Herbert Baker
George Herbert Baker
George Herbert Baker was an American Impressionist artist who worked primarily in the Richmond, Indiana area and was a member of the "Richmond Group" of painters. He worked in oil, watercolor and pastels...
, Maude Kaufman Eggemeyer
Maude Kaufman Eggemeyer
Maude Kaufman Eggemeyer was an early 20th Century painter associated with the Richmond Group of artists in Richmond, Indiana.She was born in New Castle, Indiana in 1877, the daughter of architect William S. Kaufman...
and John Albert Seaford, among others. The Richmond Art Museum
Richmond Art Museum
The Richmond Art Museum was founded in 1898 as the Art Association of Richmond, Indiana. Artist John Elwood Bundy was instrumental in the founding.- Permanent Collection :...
has a collection of regional and American art. Many consider the most significant painting in the collection to be a self-portrait of Indiana-born William Merritt Chase
William Merritt Chase
William Merritt Chase was an American painter known as an exponent of Impressionism and as a teacher. He is also responsible for establishing the Chase School, which later would become Parsons The New School for Design.- Early life and training :He was born in Williamsburg , Indiana, to the family...
.
Richmond's cultural resources include two of Indiana's three Egyptian
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh...
mummies
Mummy
A mummy is a body, human or animal, whose skin and organs have been preserved by either intentional or incidental exposure to chemicals, extreme coldness , very low humidity, or lack of air when bodies are submerged in bogs, so that the recovered body will not decay further if kept in cool and dry...
. One is held by the Wayne County Historical Museum and the second by Earlham College
Earlham College
Earlham College is a liberal arts college in Richmond, Indiana. It was founded in 1847 by Quakers and has approximately 1,200 students.The president is John David Dawson...
's Joseph Moore Museum.
The arts were supported by a strong economy increasingly based on manufacturing. Richmond was once known as "the lawn mower capital" because it was a center for manufacturing of lawn mower
Lawn mower
A lawn mower is a machine that uses a revolving blade or blades to cut a lawn at an even length.Lawn mowers employing a blade that rotates about a vertical axis are known as rotary mowers, while those employing a blade assembly that rotates about a horizontal axis are known as cylinder or reel...
s from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. Manufacturers included Davis, Motomower, Dille-McGuire and F&N. The farm machinery builder Gaar-Scott
Gaar-Scott
Gaar-Scott & Co., was an American threshing machine and steam traction engine builder based in Richmond, Indiana. The company built simple and compound engines in sizes from 10 to 40 horsepower. Farm machinery produced by the firm were advertised as part of "the Tiger Line" and used a tiger upon...
was based in Richmond. The Davis Aircraft Co., builder of a light parasol wing
Parasol wing
A parasol wing monoplane is an aircraft design in which the wing is not mounted directly to the fuselage, but rather, the fuselage is supported beneath it by a set of struts, called cabane struts...
monoplane, operated in Richmond beginning in 1929.
After starting out in nearby Union City
Union City, Indiana
Union City is a city in Wayne Township, Randolph County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 3,584.Union City was a stop along the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, a forerunner of the Pennsylvania Railroad that connected Pittsburgh to...
, Wayne Agricultural Works moved to Richmond. Wayne was a manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles, including "kid hack
Kid hack
A kid hack was a horse-drawn vehicle used for transporting children to school in the late 19th and early 20th century in the United States. The word hack, meaning a horse-drawn cab, is short for hackney carriage. The vehicle was actually powered by both horses and mules, and usually loaded at the...
s", a precursor of the motorized school bus
School bus
A school bus is a type of bus designed and manufactured for student transport: carrying children and teenagers to and from school and school events...
. From the early 1930s through the 1940s, several automobile
Automobile
An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
designers and manufacturers were located in Richmond. Among the automobiles locally manufactured were the Richmond
Richmond (automobile)
At least 2 cars named Richmond were produced. The first was a steam car made by the Richmond Automobile Company in Richmond, Indiana from 1902 to 1903. The second was a car built by the Wayne Works in Richmond, Indiana from 1904 to 1917....
, built by the Wayne Works; the "Rodefeld"; the Davis
George W. Davis Motor Car Company
The George W. Davis Motor Car Company made Davis brand automobiles in Richmond, Indiana from 1908 to 1929.George W. Davis had made wagons for some time by the time he announced in 1908 that he would build a car, named after himself. The earliest cars were motorized buggies...
; the Pilot
Pilot (automobile)
There were at least three different cars called Pilot. There was a British car built 1909-1914 in London; a US car built 1909-1924 in Richmond, Indiana; and a German car built 1923-1925 in Werdau.-British car:...
; the Westcott
Westcott automobile
The Westcott was an automobile produced in Richmond, Indiana and Springfield, Ohio in the United States between 1912 and 1925. The car company was named for its founder, Burton J. Westcott....
and the Crosley
Crosley
The Crosley was an automobile manufactured by the Crosley Corporation and later by Crosley Motors Incorporated in the United States from 1939 to 1952.-History:...
.
In the 1950s, Wayne Works changed its name to Wayne Corporation
Wayne Corporation
Wayne Corporation was a large manufacturer of buses and other vehicles branded with the trade name "Wayne." The corporate headquarters were in Richmond, Indiana, in Wayne County, Indiana, in the United States...
, by then a well-known bus
Bus
A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-decker bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker buses and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are...
and school-bus manufacturer. In 1967 it relocated to a site adjacent to Interstate 70
Interstate 70
Interstate 70 is an Interstate Highway in the United States that runs from Interstate 15 near Cove Fort, Utah, to a Park and Ride near Baltimore, Maryland. It was the first Interstate Highway project in the United States. I-70 approximately traces the path of U.S. Route 40 east of the Rocky...
. The company was a leader in school-bus safety innovations, but it closed in 1992 during a period of school-bus manufacturing industry consolidations.
Richmond was known as the "Rose
Rose
A rose is a woody perennial of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae. There are over 100 species. They form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Flowers are large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows...
City" because of the many varieties once grown there by Hill's Roses. The company had several sprawling complexes of greenhouses, with a total of about 34 acres (137,593.2 m²) under glass. The annual Richmond Rose Festival honored the rose industry and was a popular summer attraction.
Race and the Ku Klux Klan
In the 1920s during the national revival of the Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically...
(KKK), Indiana had the strongest organization in the country, led by Grand Dragons D. C. Stephenson
D. C. Stephenson
David Curtiss "Steve" Stephenson was an American Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan in the U.S. state of Indiana and 22 other Northern states. He is considered to have been one of the most successful Klan leaders up until his downfall after his conviction for murder...
and Walter F. Bossert
Walter F. Bossert
Walter Frederick Bossert was Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan for Indiana and 17 other states, from 1924 to 1926.-Biography:...
. Some men initially joined the KKK as a fraternal organization, as that was how it was marketed. In addition, they were banding together in reaction to the influx of newcomers arriving for industrial jobs: especially Catholic immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, and rural black migrants from the South
Southern United States
The Southern United States—commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South—constitutes a large distinctive area in the southeastern and south-central United States...
. The KKK had members in the state legislature who exerted control and an ally in Governor Ed Jackson. At its height, national membership during the second Klan movement reached 1.5 million, with 300,000 from Indiana.
Records show that Richmond (home to Whitewater Klan #60) and Wayne County were Klan strongholds, with up to 45 percent of the county's white males having been Klan members. Forty percent of Richmond's Kiwanis
Kiwanis
Kiwanis International is an international, coeducational service club founded in 1915. It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. Current membership is 240,000 members in 7,700 clubs in 80 nations...
club members, thirty percent of its doctors, and 27 percent of its lawyers were Klan members, but none of the city's bank executives or most powerful business leaders were members. In 1923 a reported 30,000 people watched a Klan parade through Richmond streets. Richmondite Robert Lyons was national chief of staff for the Klan.
Gennett Records was making some of the first recordings of important black jazz artists, helping Richmond gain the nickname "cradle of recorded jazz." It also produced private-label contract recordings for the KKK. Official racial segregation
Racial segregation in the United States
Racial segregation in the United States, as a general term, included the racial segregation or hypersegregation of facilities, services, and opportunities such as housing, medical care, education, employment, and transportation along racial lines...
existed in Richmond until 1965, when the city ended its policy of restricting black firefighters to one station and limiting promotion opportunities of firefighters and police officers. That same year the state of Indiana repealed its standing (but seldom enforced) anti-miscegenation law.
20th century challenges
On April 6, 1968, a natural gas explosion and fireRichmond, Indiana explosion
The Richmond, Indiana explosion was a double explosion which occurred at 1:47 PM EST on Saturday, April 6, 1968 in downtown Richmond, Indiana. The explosions killed 41 people and injured more than 150...
destroyed or damaged several downtown blocks and killed 41 people; more than 150 were injured. The book Death in a Sunny Street is about the event.
In the rebuilding effort, the city closed the main street through downtown to traffic and built the Downtown Promenade in 1972 (expanded in 1978). When studies showed that car traffic helped businesses, the city had the five-block pedestrian mall broken up. It reopened the street to traffic in 1997 as part of an urban revitalization effort.
A Powerball
Powerball
Powerball is an American lottery game sold in 44 jurisdictions as a shared jackpot game. It is coordinated by the Multi-State Lottery Association , a non-profit organization formed by an agreement with lotteries. Powerball is a game whose advertised jackpot starts at $20 million and can roll into...
lottery ticket sold in Richmond won approximately $314 million (annuity value) in the August 25, 2007 drawing. This exceeded a previous high prize in 1998, when a group of 13 machine-shop workers from Ohio won Powerball on a ticket also purchased in Richmond
Hoosier Lottery
The Hoosier Lottery is run by the government of Indiana. It is the only US lottery that uses the state's nickname, rather than the state name itself, as its name. It is a member of the Multi-State Lottery Association...
. It won $295.7 million (annuity). The two tickets were sold at two different Speedway
Speedway SuperAmerica
Speedway LLC is the operator of a chain of combination gas stations and convenience stores in the Midwest and South of the United States operating under the Speedway brand name. Speedway LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Marathon Petroleum Company...
convenience stores about three miles (5 km) apart; both sets of winners chose the cash option
Present value
Present value, also known as present discounted value, is the value on a given date of a future payment or series of future payments, discounted to reflect the time value of money and other factors such as investment risk...
.
Architecture
Richmond is noted for its rich stock of historic architecture. In 2003, a book entitled Richmond Indiana: Its Physical Development and Aesthetic Heritage to 1920 by Cornell UniversityCornell University
Cornell University is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions...
architectural historians, Michael and Mary Raddant Tomlan, was published by the Indiana Historical Society
Indiana Historical Society
The Indiana Historical Society is one of the United States' oldest and largest historical societies and describes itself as "Indiana's Storyteller". Housed within the Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center, it is located at 450 West Ohio St...
. Particularly notable buildings are the 1902 Pennsylvania Railroad
Pennsylvania Railroad
The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Class I railroad, founded in 1846. Commonly referred to as the "Pennsy", the PRR was headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania....
Station designed by Daniel Burnham
Daniel Burnham
Daniel Hudson Burnham, FAIA was an American architect and urban planner. He was the Director of Works for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. He took a leading role in the creation of master plans for the development of a number of cities, including Chicago and downtown Washington DC...
of Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
and the 1893 Wayne County Court House
Wayne County Courthouse (Indiana)
The Wayne County Courthouse, in Richmond, Indiana was built during the period 1890-93. The building was designed by Cincinnati, Ohio architect James W. McLaughlin and the construction was supervised by New Castle, Indiana architect William S. Kaufman...
designed by James W. McLaughlin
James W. McLaughlin
James W. McLaughlin was a Cincinnati, Ohio architect. He studied to be an architect working under famed James Keys Wilson. He fought in the American Civil War serving in the Union Army. He become a popular builder in Cincinnati during the late 19th century...
of Cincinnati. Local architects of note include John A. Hasecoster
John A. Hasecoster
John Adam Hasecoster was a prominent American architect in Indiana during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His practice was located in Richmond, Indiana. He designed numerous important public buildings as well as residences in the area...
, William S. Kaufman
William S. Kaufman
William S. Kaufman was an American architect known for designing a number of public buildings, primarily in Indiana and Ohio.Kaufman was born in Union County, Indiana to Elias and Mary Kaufman, who were Pennsylvania natives and early Indiana settlers. He attended school in Brownsville, Indiana...
and Stephen O. Yates.
The significance of the architecture has been recognized. Five large districts, such as the Depot District, and several individual buildings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
, the Historic American Buildings Survey
Historic American Buildings Survey
The Historic American Buildings Survey , Historic American Engineering Record , and Historic American Landscapes Survey are programs of the National Park Service established for the purpose of documenting historic places. Records consists of measured drawings, archival photographs, and written...
and the Historic American Engineering Record.
Educational institutions
- Richmond has four colleges: Earlham CollegeEarlham CollegeEarlham College is a liberal arts college in Richmond, Indiana. It was founded in 1847 by Quakers and has approximately 1,200 students.The president is John David Dawson...
, Indiana University EastIndiana University EastIndiana University East is a regional campus in the Indiana University system. It is colloquially also known as IU East. It is located in Richmond, Indiana, in Wayne County, Indiana.-History:...
, Ivy Tech Community College of IndianaIvy Tech Community College of IndianaIvy Tech Community College of Indiana is Indiana's community college system, encompassing 24 campuses in 14 regions. The community college system now has more than 165,000 students...
and the Purdue UniversityPurdue UniversityPurdue University, located in West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S., is the flagship university of the six-campus Purdue University system. Purdue was founded on May 6, 1869, as a land-grant university when the Indiana General Assembly, taking advantage of the Morrill Act, accepted a donation of land and...
School of Technology. - Richmond is home to two seminariesSeminaryA seminary, theological college, or divinity school is an institution of secondary or post-secondary education for educating students in theology, generally to prepare them for ordination as clergy or for other ministry...
: Earlham School of ReligionEarlham School of ReligionEarlham School of Religion , a graduate division of Earlham College, located in Richmond, Indiana, is the oldest graduate seminary associated with the Religious Society of Friends . ESR was founded in 1960 by Wilmer Cooper, D. Elton Trueblood and others for the training of Quaker ministers...
(Quaker) and Bethany Theological SeminaryBethany Theological SeminaryBethany Theological Seminary is the graduate school and academy for theological education for the Church of the Brethren. Bethany, located in Richmond, Indiana, is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada and the Higher Learning Commission of the North...
(Church of the BrethrenChurch of the BrethrenThe Church of the Brethren is a Christian denomination originating from the Schwarzenau Brethren organized in 1708 by eight persons led by Alexander Mack, in Schwarzenau, Bad Berleburg, Germany. The Brethren movement began as a melding of Radical Pietist and Anabaptist ideas during the...
) - Richmond High SchoolRichmond High School (Richmond, Indiana)Richmond High School is a public high school in Richmond, Indiana, located at 380 Hub Etchison Parkway. It is the home of the Richmond Red Devils, who are members of the North Central Conference of the Indiana High School Athletic Association . The current enrollment of the school is around 1,700...
includes the Richmond Art MuseumRichmond Art MuseumThe Richmond Art Museum was founded in 1898 as the Art Association of Richmond, Indiana. Artist John Elwood Bundy was instrumental in the founding.- Permanent Collection :...
and Civic Hall Performing Arts CenterCivic Hall Performing Arts CenterCivic Hall Performing Arts Center is a performance venue in Richmond, Indiana, USA owned and operated by Richmond Community Schools. The building is the former high school gymnasium, Civic Hall, on the campus of Richmond High School. In the late 1980s, work began to transform Civic Hall into a...
and the Tiernan Center, the 5th-largest high school gym in the United States. - Seton Catholic High SchoolSeton Catholic High School (Richmond, Indiana)Seton Catholic High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Richmond, Indiana. It is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Indianapolis....
(founded 2002), a junior and senior high school, is the area's only religious high school. It is based in the former home of St. Andrew High School (1899–1936) and, more recently, St. Andrew Elementary School, adjacent to St. Andrew Church of the Richmond Catholic Community.
Religious groups
- Richmond is the headquarters of the Friends United MeetingFriends United MeetingFriends United Meeting is an association of twenty-six yearly meetings of the Religious Society of Friends in North America, Africa, and the Caribbean. In addition there are several individual Monthly meetings and organizations that are members of FUM...
of the Religious Society of FriendsReligious Society of FriendsThe Religious Society of Friends, or Friends Church, is a Christian movement which stresses the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers. Members are known as Friends, or popularly as Quakers. It is made of independent organisations, which have split from one another due to doctrinal differences...
(Quakers).
Transportation
Richmond is served by Interstate 70Interstate 70
Interstate 70 is an Interstate Highway in the United States that runs from Interstate 15 near Cove Fort, Utah, to a Park and Ride near Baltimore, Maryland. It was the first Interstate Highway project in the United States. I-70 approximately traces the path of U.S. Route 40 east of the Rocky...
at exits 149, 151, 153, and 156. Public transit service is provided by city-owned Roseview Transit, operating daily except Sundays and major holidays.
Media
The daily newspaper is the Gannett-owned Palladium-ItemPalladium-Item
The Palladium-Item is the daily morning newspaper for Richmond, Indiana and surrounding areas. The paper is a merger of two older papers, the Richmond Palladium and the Richmond Item and traces its history back to 1831, making it the oldest continuous businesses in Richmond...
.
Full-power radio stations include WKBV
WKBV
WKBV is a radio station broadcasting a Sports Talk Information format to the Richmond, Indiana, USA area. The station is licensed to Rodgers Broadcasting Corporation and features programing from ABC Radio , ESPN Radio , Network Indiana and Westwood One....
, WFMG
WFMG
WFMG is a radio station licensed to Richmond, Indiana, located at 101.3 MHz on the FM dial. WFMG broadcasts at an effective radiated power of 25,000 watts with its studios, offices, and tower located on West Main Street in Richmond.-History:...
, WQLK
WQLK
WQLK is a radio station licensed to Richmond, Indiana, located at 96.1 MHz on the FM dial. WQLK broadcasts at an effective radiated power of 50,000 Watts with its studios, offices, and tower located east of US 35 on Tingler Road just north of Richmond.-Programming:WQLK plays Country music,...
, WHON, WKRT, and Earlham College's student-run public radio station WECI
WECI
WECI is a radio station broadcasting a Variety format. Licensed to Richmond, Indiana, USA. The station is currently owned by Earlham College. The station is student-run, although some of the DJs are from the community. The station is a Pacifica Radio affiliate station....
. Richmond is also served by several translator stations repeated from WKCD on 95.3 and 90.7 and WJYW which is repeated on 94.5 and 97.7. Area NPR
NPR
NPR, formerly National Public Radio, is a privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national syndicator to a network of 900 public radio stations in the United States. NPR was created in 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting...
radio stations include WBSH
WBSH
WBSH , is a National Public Radio-affiliated station in Hagerstown, Indiana. It primarily features National Public Radio programming. It is owned by Ball State University.-External links:*...
in Hagerstown, Indiana
Hagerstown, Indiana
Hagerstown is a town in Jefferson Township, Wayne County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,787.-Geography:Hagerstown is located at ....
and WMUB
WMUB
WMUB is a public radio station licensed to Miami University, in Oxford, Ohio. It produced local programming for 59 years until March 1, 2009 when it became a part of Cincinnati Public Radio. The station serves Southwest Ohio and Southeast Indiana. WMUB started as a student-operated station the...
in Oxford, OH.
Richmond is considered to be within the Dayton, Ohio
Dayton, Ohio
Dayton is the 6th largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County, the fifth most populous county in the state. The population was 141,527 at the 2010 census. The Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 841,502 in the 2010 census...
television market and has one full-power television station, WKOI, which is affiliated with TBN
Trinity Broadcasting Network
The Trinity Broadcasting Network is a major American Christian television network. TBN is based in Costa Mesa, California, with auxiliary studio facilities in Irving, Texas; Hendersonville, Tennessee; Gadsden, Alabama; Decatur, Georgia; Miami, Florida; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Orlando, Florida; and New...
. The city also has one county-wide Public, educational, and government access
Public, educational, and government access
Public, educational, and government access television, refers to three different cable television specialty channels...
(PEG) cable television
Cable television
Cable television is a system of providing television programs to consumers via radio frequency signals transmitted to televisions through coaxial cables or digital light pulses through fixed optical fibers located on the subscriber's property, much like the over-the-air method used in traditional...
station, Whitewater Community Television.
Points of interest
- Hayes ArboretumHayes ArboretumThe Hayes Arboretum is an arboretum of located in Richmond, Indiana, USA. It is open free to the public Tuesdays through Saturdays, 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. It is the primary project of the Stanley W...
- Wayne County Historical Museum
- Richmond Art MuseumRichmond Art MuseumThe Richmond Art Museum was founded in 1898 as the Art Association of Richmond, Indiana. Artist John Elwood Bundy was instrumental in the founding.- Permanent Collection :...
- Indiana Football Hall of FameIndiana Football Hall of FameThe Indiana Football Hall of Fame is a sports museum and hall of fame in Richmond, Indiana. It honors persons associated with high school, college and professional American football in Indiana. It also works to establish scholarships and endowments to promote football in the state of Indiana...
- Abram Gaar House and FarmAbram Gaar House and FarmThe Abram Gaar House and Farm is a Second Empire-style farm home located in Richmond, Indiana, built in 1876 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places....
(house museum) - Joseph Moore Museum at Earlham CollegeEarlham CollegeEarlham College is a liberal arts college in Richmond, Indiana. It was founded in 1847 by Quakers and has approximately 1,200 students.The president is John David Dawson...
- Glen Miller Park and Madonna of the TrailMadonna of the TrailMadonna of the Trail is a series of 12 monuments dedicated to the spirit of pioneer women in the United States. The monuments were commissioned by the National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution...
statue - Old Richmond Historic DistrictOld Richmond Historic DistrictThe Old Richmond Historic District is a neighborhood of historic residential and commercial buildings in Richmond, Indiana just west of the East Fork of the Whitewater River, comprising some of the earliest extant buildings in Richmond...
- Starr Historic DistrictStarr Historic DistrictThe Starr Historic District is a neighborhood of historic buildings in Richmond, Indiana. Included in the district is a former Hicksite Quaker Meeting House, now the Wayne County Historical Museum and the Reid Memorial Presbyterian Church....
- Richmond Railroad Station Historic DistrictRichmond Railroad Station Historic DistrictThe Richmond Railroad Station Historic District is a group of historic commercial buildings in Richmond, Indiana, the icon of which is the Daniel Burnham-designed Pennsylvania Railroad Station...
- Reeveston Place Historic DistrictReeveston Place Historic DistrictThe Reeveston Place Historic District is a neighborhood of homes in Richmond, Indiana platted in 1911 on land formerly owned by the family of Mark Reeves. The architecture is an eclectic mix of styles including Craftsman and English cottages, and impressive homes in the Colonial Revival, Tudor...
- East Main Street-Glen Miller Park Historic DistrictEast Main Street-Glen Miller Park Historic DistrictThe East Main Street-Glen Miller Park Historic District is a neighborhood of historic residential buildings in Richmond, Indiana along the National Road and sometimes called Millionaire's Row. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986...
- Reid Memorial Presbyterian ChurchReid Memorial Presbyterian ChurchReid Memorial Presbyterian Church is an architecturally significant church located at 11th and North "A" Streets in Richmond, Indiana. Designed by the Cleveland, Ohio architectural partnership of Sidney Badgley and William H. Nicklas the building was begun in 1904 and dedicated on May 13, 1906. ...
(Louis Comfort TiffanyLouis Comfort TiffanyLouis Comfort Tiffany was an American artist and designer who worked in the decorative arts and is best known for his work in stained glass. He is the American artist most associated with the Art Nouveau and Aesthetic movements...
-designed interior and windows, Hook and Hastings organ) - Bethel AME Church (oldest AMEAMEAme, AME, or AmE may refer to* Anomalous Microwave Emission* Amé, a soft drink* Adaptive multithreaded encryption* African Methodist Episcopal Church* African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church* AME Accounting Software...
church in Indiana: founded 1868) - Old National Road Welcome Center (convention and tourism bureau)
- Whitewater Gorge Park and Gennett Walk of Fame
- Cardinal Greenway hiking trail
- Morrisson Reeves Library and historical archive
- Marceline Jones gravesite, Earlham Cemetery (Jim JonesJim JonesJames Warren "Jim" Jones was the founder and leader of the Peoples Temple, which is best known for the November 18, 1978 mass suicide of 909 Temple members in Jonestown, Guyana along with the killings of five other people at a nearby airstrip.Jones was born in Indiana and started the Temple in...
's wife, who died in the Peoples TemplePeoples TemplePeoples Temple was a religious organization founded in 1955 by Jim Jones that, by the mid-1970s, included over a dozen locations in California including its headquarters in San Francisco...
mass suicide) - Richmond Civic Theatre (plays, classic movies, and children's theater)
- Madonna of the TrailMadonna of the TrailMadonna of the Trail is a series of 12 monuments dedicated to the spirit of pioneer women in the United States. The monuments were commissioned by the National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution...
statue at Glen Miller Park - Gennett Records Walk of Fame
Notable Richmondites
- May AufderheideMay AufderheideMay Frances Aufderheide Kaufman was an American composer of ragtime music. She was probably the best known among female ragtime composers...
, ragtimeRagtimeRagtime is an original musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1897 and 1918. Its main characteristic trait is its syncopated, or "ragged," rhythm. It began as dance music in the red-light districts of American cities such as St. Louis and New Orleans years before being published...
composer - Baby Huey (singer)Baby Huey (singer)Baby Huey was an American rock and soul singer, born in Richmond, Indiana. He was the frontman for the band Baby Huey & The Babysitters, whose single LP for Curtom Records in 1971 was influential in the development of hip hop music.-Biography:A native of Richmond, Indiana, James Ramey moved to...
, popular music artist - Polly BergenPolly BergenPolly Bergen is an American actress, singer, and entrepreneur.-Career:Bergen appeared in many film roles, most notably in the original Cape Fear opposite Gregory Peck and Robert Mitchum...
(Nellie Paulina Burgin), actress - Timmy Brown, former NFL running back and actor
- John Wilbur ChapmanJohn Wilbur ChapmanJohn Wilbur Chapman was a Presbyterian evangelist in the late 19th Century, generally traveling with gospel singer Charles Alexander. His parents were Alexander H. and Lorinda Chapman.-Faith & Education:Chapman grew up attending Quaker Day School and Methodist Sunday School...
, Evangelist - Vice AdmiralVice AdmiralVice admiral is a senior naval rank of a three-star flag officer, which is equivalent to lieutenant general in the other uniformed services. A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral...
Terry CrossTerry CrossTerry Cross is a retired Coast Guard Vice Admiral who served as Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from July 2004 until June 2006. He served as the Coast Guard's second in command and was the Agency Acquisition Executive....
, Vice Commandant, United States Coast GuardUnited States Coast GuardThe United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven U.S. uniformed services. The Coast Guard is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency... - David W. DennisDavid W. DennisDavid Worth Dennis II was an attorney and Republican United States Representative from Indiana.He was born in Washington, D.C. and was named for his grandfather, David Worth Dennis who had been a professor at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana. His father, William Cullen Dennis was president of...
, U.S. Congressman - George DuningGeorge DuningGeorge Duning was an American musician and film composer. He was born in Richmond, Indiana and educated in Cincinnati, Ohio at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, where his mentor was Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco....
, Oscar-nominated composer - Weeb Ewbank, coach of the 1958 and 1959 NFL champion Baltimore ColtsHistory of the Indianapolis ColtsThe Indianapolis Colts are a professional football team based in Indianapolis, Indiana. They play in the AFC South division of the National Football League. They have won 3 NFL championships and 2 Super Bowls....
and the Super Bowl IIISuper Bowl IIISuper Bowl III was the third AFL-NFL Championship Game in professional American football, but the first to officially bear the name "Super Bowl". This game is regarded as one of the greatest upsets in sports history...
champion New York JetsNew York JetsThe New York Jets are a professional football team headquartered in Florham Park, New Jersey, representing the New York metropolitan area. The team is a member of the Eastern Division of the American Football Conference in the National Football League... - Jack EverlyJack EverlyJack Everly is an American conductor and music arranger who serves as Principal Pops Conductor with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, Naples Philharmonic Orchestra and National Arts Centre Orchestra as well as Music Director for the Symphonic Pops Consortium.Born...
, Pops orchestraPops orchestraA pops orchestra is an orchestra that plays popular music and show tunes as well as well-known classical works. Pops orchestras are generally organised in large cities and are distinct from the more "highbrow" symphony or philharmonic orchestras which also may exist in the same city...
conductor, Indianapolis Symphony OrchestraIndianapolis Symphony OrchestraThe Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra is a major American orchestra based in Indianapolis, Indiana.Annually, the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra performs 200 concerts for over 350,000 people. It is the largest performing arts organization in Indiana. The ISO is currently one of only 18 American... - Vagas FergusonVagas FergusonVagas Ferguson was a star running back for the University of Notre Dame who continued on to the National Football League for three seasons with the New England Patriots, who drafted him in the first round, the Cleveland Browns, and the Houston Oilers.In 1979, his senior season at Notre Dame,...
, NFL player - Paul FlatleyPaul FlatleyPaul Richard Flatley is a former American football wide receiver who played for the Northwestern Wildcats from 1960 to 1962 and later in the National Football League from 1963 to 1970....
, former NFL Rookie-of-the-Year (Minnesota VikingsMinnesota VikingsThe Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Vikings joined the National Football League as an expansion team in 1960...
) - William Dudley FoulkeWilliam Dudley FoulkeWilliam Dudley Foulke was an American literary critic, journalist, poet and reformer.-Biography:He was born in New York City and graduated Columbia Law School in 1871...
, lawyer, author - Norman FosterNorman Foster (director)Norman Foster was an American film director and actor.Born John Hoeffer in Richmond, Indiana, Foster originally became a cub reporter on a local newspaper in Indiana before going to New York in the hopes of getting a better newspaper job but there were no vacancies...
actor, director - Harry "Singin' SamSingin' SamSingin’ Sam aka Harry Frankel was a minstrel performer, vaudevillian and popular personality during the early days of radio...
" Frankel, radio star, minstrel - Mary HaasMary HaasMary Rosamund Haas was an American linguist who specialized in North American Indian languages, Thai, and historical linguistics.-Early work in linguistics:...
, linguist - Jeff HamiltonJeff Hamilton (drummer)Jeff Hamilton is an American jazz drummer. He is co-director of the Clayton-Hamilton Jazz Orchestra and leader of his own trio.-Career:...
, jazz drummer - Del HarrisDel HarrisDelmer William Harris is a basketball coach, currently the head coach for the Texas Legends of the NBA Development League. He was an assistant coach for the NBA's New Jersey Nets, Chicago Bulls, and Dallas Mavericks...
, professional basketballBasketballBasketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
coach - Micajah C. HenleyMicajah C. HenleyMicajah C. Henley was a Richmond, Indiana industrialist and inventor. He was a well known manufacturer of roller skates and bicycles sometimes known as "The Roller Skate King."...
, roller skate maker - Charles A. HufnagelCharles A. HufnagelCharles A. Hufnagel, M.D. was an American surgeon who in the early 1950s invented the first artificial heart valve....
, M.D. artificial heart valveArtificial heart valveAn artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with heart valvular disease. When one of the four heart valves malfunctions, the medical choice may be to replace the natural valve with an artificial valve. This requires open-heart surgery.Valves are integral to the normal...
inventor - Dominic JamesDominic JamesDominic James is an American basketball player. James' career with the Marquette University Golden Eagles men's basketball team was thought to have ended a few weeks prematurely when he broke the fifth metatarsal bone in his left foot during the Golden Eagles' loss to Connecticut on February 25,...
, basketball player at Marquette UniversityMarquette UniversityMarquette University is a private, coeducational, Jesuit, Roman Catholic university located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1881, the school is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities...
, 2006 Big East Rookie of the Year - C. Francis Jenkins, motion picture and television pioneer
- Jim JonesJim JonesJames Warren "Jim" Jones was the founder and leader of the Peoples Temple, which is best known for the November 18, 1978 mass suicide of 909 Temple members in Jonestown, Guyana along with the killings of five other people at a nearby airstrip.Jones was born in Indiana and started the Temple in...
, founder-leader of Peoples TemplePeoples TemplePeoples Temple was a religious organization founded in 1955 by Jim Jones that, by the mid-1970s, included over a dozen locations in California including its headquarters in San Francisco... - Melvyn "Deacon" JonesMelvyn "Deacon" JonesMelvyn "Deacon" Jones is an organ player and founding member of Baby Huey & the Babysitters.-Biography:In 1963 along with Johnny Ross and Jimmy Ramey aka Baby Huey, Jones formed Baby Huey & the Babysitters who went on to become a well known live attraction in Chicago...
, bluesBluesBlues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre that originated in African-American communities of primarily the "Deep South" of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads...
organist - Harry KeenanHarry KeenanHarry George Keenan was an early American silent film actor.He starred in about 45 silent films mostly short between 1912 and 1916 in films such as The Highest Bid, with actresses such as Charlotte Burton.-External links:...
actor - Esther KellnerEsther KellnerEsther Kellner was an author, animal lover, and director of Wayne County, Indiana Civil Defense.She was born in New Lisbon, Indiana and graduated from Morton High School in Richmond, Indiana in 1926...
, author - Daniel KinseyDaniel KinseyDaniel Chapin Kinsey was an American hurdler and a scholar in physical education.Born in St. Louis, Kinsey attended the University of Illinois, studying education...
, OlympicOlympic GamesThe Olympic Games is a major international event featuring summer and winter sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the world’s foremost sports competition where more than 200 nations participate...
gold medalist - Margaret LandonMargaret LandonMargaret Landon was an American writer best remembered for Anna and the King of Siam, her best-selling 1944 novel of the life of Anna Leonowens which eventually sold over a million copies and translated into more than twenty languages...
, author of The King and IThe King and IThe King and I is a stage musical, the fifth by the team of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. The work is based on the 1944 novel Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon and derives from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, who became governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in... - Johnny Logan (basketball)Johnny Logan (basketball)John Arnold Logan , was a basketball player and coach born in Richmond, Indiana. A 6'2" guard who played at Indiana University, Logan played for four seasons with the now-defunct St. Louis Bombers, and a fifth season with the Tri-Cities Blackhawks...
, professional basketball player - Mike LoprestiMike LoprestiMike Lopresti is an award-winning national sportswriter for the Gannett News Service.Lopresti graduated from Ball State University in 1975 and worked for Gannett's Palladium-Item in Richmond, Indiana until he joined the Gannett News Service in 1982...
, award-winning sports reporter for Gannett CompanyGannett CompanyGannett Company, Inc. is a publicly-traded media holding company headquartered in Tysons Corner, Virginia, United States, near McLean. It is the largest U.S. newspaper publisher as measured by total daily circulation. Its assets include the national newspaper USA Today and the weekly USA Weekend...
. - Lamar LundyLamar LundyLamar J. Lundy, Jr. was an American defensive end with the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League for 13 seasons, from 1957 to 1969. Along with Deacon Jones, Merlin Olsen, and Rosey Grier, Lundy was a member of the Fearsome Foursome, often considered one of the best defensive lines in...
, football player, one of the L.A. Rams Fearsome FoursomeFearsome FoursomeThe Fearsome Foursome is a fictional supervillain group in the Marvel Comics universe. It was made up of Devos the Devastator, Huntara, Klaw, and Paibok the Power-Skrull. They worked together to destroy the Fantastic Four, though they also came into conflict with the Avengers.... - Kenneth MacDonaldKenneth MacDonald (American actor)Kenneth MacDonald was an American film actor. Born in Portland, Indiana, MacDonald made more than 220 film and television appearances between 1931 and 1970.-Career:...
, actor - Daniel W. MarmonDaniel W. MarmonDaniel W. Marmon was an industrialist from Richmond, Indiana, United States.Daniel was orphaned at age 5 and raised by his industrialist uncle, Eli Stubbs. As a boy, Daniel W. Marmon spent a great deal of time visiting the E. & A. H...
, industrialist - Dan MitrioneDan MitrioneDaniel A. Mitrione was an Italian-born American police officer, Federal Bureau of Investigation agent and a United States government advisor for the Central Intelligence Agency in Latin America.- Career :...
, counterinsurgency specialist for U.S. government - Oliver P. Morton, Indiana's Civil War Governor
- Rich MullinsRich MullinsRichard Wayne "Rich" Mullins was an American Contemporary Christian music singer and songwriter born in Richmond, Indiana. He had two sisters and two brothers....
, ChristianChristianA Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
musician - Addison H. NordykeAddison H. NordykeAddison H. Nordyke was an industrialist and manufacturer from Richmond, Indiana, United States.In 1858 Addison H. Nordyke and his father, Ellison Nordyke, formed a partnership in to manufacture and build flour mills. The company was named E. & A. H. Nordyke with a small building just behind Ellis...
, industrialist - William Paul QuinnWilliam Paul QuinnWilliam Paul Quinn was the fourth bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Quinn was born in Calcutta, India. He was at the organization of the AME Church in 1816, ordained a deacon in 1818, and an elder in 1838. The General Conference of the church elected him a bishop on May 19, 1844...
, African Methodist Episcopal Bishop - Daniel G. ReidDaniel G. ReidDaniel Gray Reid was an American industrialist and philanthropist known as the "Tinplate King".He was born in Richmond, Indiana, and in 1892 bought a nearby tin plate mill, with which he eventually combined every tin plate company in the country to form the American Tin Plate Company, with Reid as...
, industrialist/philanthropistPhilanthropistA philanthropist is someone who engages in philanthropy; that is, someone who donates his or her time, money, and/or reputation to charitable causes... - Jonathan Clark RogersJonathan Clark RogersJonathan Clark Rogers was President of the University of Georgia in Athens from 1949 until 1950.Born in 1885 in Richmond, Indiana, Rogers earned his B.S. at Piedmont College in 1906 and his civil engineering degree from Earlham College the following year. He also earned an M.A...
, president of the University of GeorgiaUniversity of GeorgiaThe University of Georgia is a public research university located in Athens, Georgia, United States. Founded in 1785, it is the oldest and largest of the state's institutions of higher learning and is one of multiple schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States... - Ned RoremNed RoremNed Rorem is a Pulitzer prize-winning American composer and diarist. He is best known and most praised for his song settings.-Life:...
, Pulitzer prizePulitzer PrizeThe Pulitzer Prize is a U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature and musical composition. It was established by American publisher Joseph Pulitzer and is administered by Columbia University in New York City...
-winning composer - Johnny RossJohnny RossJohnny Ross was a multi instrumentalist, singer songwriter and founding member of Baby Huey & the Babysitters who died in 2006 as a result of appendicitis. He also hosted his own cable television show.-Biography:...
, guuitarist, singer and founding member of Baby Huey & the BabysittersBaby Huey & the BabysittersBaby Huey & the Babysitters were a soul band hailing from Gary, Indiana and founded in 1963 by organist / trumpeter Melvyn "Deacon" Jones and guitarist Johnny Ross. James Ramey became their front man and adopted the stage name of Baby Huey which was after the Baby Huey duck character... - Chris SchenkelChris SchenkelChristopher Eugene "Chris" Schenkel was an American sportscaster. Over the course of five decades he called play-by-play for numerous sports on television and radio, becoming known for his smooth delivery and baritone voice.-Early life and career:Schenkel began his broadcasting career at radio...
, sports broadcaster, ABC Sports - Andy SimpkinsAndy SimpkinsAndy Simpkins was an American jazz bassist.Born Andrew Simpkins in Richmond, Indiana, he first became known as a member of the group The Three Sounds, with which he performed from 1956 to 1968. After that, until 1974, he was a member of pianist George Shearing's group, and from 1979 to 1989 toured...
, jazz bassist - Wendell Stanley, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
winner - D. Elton TruebloodD. Elton TruebloodDavid Elton Trueblood , who was usually known as "Elton Trueblood" or "D. Elton Trueblood", was a noted 20th century American Quaker author and theologian, former chaplain both to Harvard and Stanford universities....
, Quaker theologian - Jon JenningsJon JenningsJon Paul Jennings is an American politician and basketball coach currently serving as the president and general manager of the Maine Red Claws of the NBA Development League....
, NBA basketball coach (Boston CelticsBoston CelticsThe Boston Celtics are a National Basketball Association team based in Boston, Massachusetts. They play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. Founded in 1946, the team is currently owned by Boston Basketball Partners LLC. The Celtics play their home games at the TD Garden, which...
) - Bo Van PeltBo Van PeltBo Van Pelt is an American professional golfer who has played on both the Nationwide Tour and the PGA Tour. He has featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Rankings.Van Pelt was born in Richmond, Indiana...
, professional golferProfessional golferIn golf the distinction between amateurs and professionals is rigorously maintained. An amateur who breaches the rules of amateur status may lose his or her amateur status. A golfer who has lost his or her amateur status may not play in amateur competitions until amateur status has been reinstated;... - Charles WeeghmanCharles WeeghmanCharles H. Weeghman was one of the founders of the short-lived major league baseball organization called the Federal League . He had made a fortune in an early type of fast-food franchises in the Chicago area.Weeghman worked for Charlie King as a waiter for $10 a week...
, Chicago Cubs owner - Darrell M. WestDarrell M. WestDarrell West is an American author, political scientist, and political commentator. West is the vice president and director of governance studies and director of the center for technology innovation at the Brookings Institution. He has written about technology policy, mass media, and campaigns...
, author and Brookings InstitutionBrookings InstitutionThe Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, D.C., in the United States. One of Washington's oldest think tanks, Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics, metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, and...
political scientist - Burton J. WestcottBurton J. WestcottBurton J. Westcott was one of Springfield, Ohio’s most prominent citizens and successful businessmen.-Life:He was born in Richmond, Indiana, the son of John W. Westcott, who was the founder and president of the Hoosier Drill Company, a noted manufacturer of farm implements...
, automobile manufacturer - Gaar WilliamsGaar WilliamsGaar Campbell Williams was a prominent American cartoonist who worked for the Indianapolis News and the Chicago Tribune. His scenes of horse-and-buggy days in small towns of the Victorian era included situations taken from memories of his childhood in his hometown of Richmond, Indiana...
, cartoonistCartoonistA cartoonist is a person who specializes in drawing cartoons. This work is usually humorous, mainly created for entertainment, political commentary or advertising... - Carol Lou Woodward, jazz pianist, former leader of the Carol Lou TrioCarol Lou TrioThe Carol Lou Trio was a jazz combo which gained modest popularity in the mid-eastern United States during the 1970s, and international distribution of its few recordings. The group was headed by Carol Lou Hedges , whose modest demeanor belies her piano virtuosity and swinging style...
- Wilbur Wright, aviation pioneer
External links
- City of Richmond, Indiana website
- The Golden Era of Indiana (1900-1941); Northern Indiana Center for History
- Hayes Aboretum
- Morrison-Reeves Library Digital Collection
- Palladium-Item newspaper
- Go Wayne County