Quang Ninh Province
Encyclopedia
Quảng Ninh is a large province
located along the northeastern
coast of Vietnam
. The province is home to Ha Long Bay, a World Heritage Site
. The provincial capital is Ha Long
. Nearly 80 per cent of the province is mountainous with abundant land, forest water and mineral resources. Nearly 90 per cent of coal
output in the country is extracted in this province. Ha Long Bay has 1,969 islands, out of which 989 are given names.The province covers an area of
6,099 square kilometres and as of 2008 it had a population of 1,109,600 people.
. It features a meandering coastline, numerous estuaries
and tidal flats and more than 2,000 large and small islands. Exactly 1,030 of these have been named. Quang Ninh's coordinates are longitude
106º25' to 108º25' east and latitude
20º40' to 21º40' north. Its width from east to west is 195 km (at the widest part).
The total length from north to south of the province is 102 km. The northernmost point is in mountain range at Mo Toòng village (Hoành Mô Commune, Bình Liêu District). The southernmost point is in Hạ Mai Island (Ngọc Vừng Commune, Vân Ðồn District). The westernmost point is in Vàng Chua River (Bình Dương and Nguyễn Huệ communes, Ðông Triều District). The easternmost point is inland at Got Cape, northeast of Trà Cổ Commune, Móng Cái
Town.
Quang Ninh has a common international border with the People’s Republic of China. Inland, north of province (Bình Liêu, Hải Hà districts and Móng Cái
borders Dongxing
City and Fangcheng
County in Guangxi
Province, PRC
with the borderline of 170 km. To the east, it adjuncts to Bắc Bộ Gulf. The province also borders Lạng Sơn
, Bắc Giang
and Hải Dương
provinces to the west, and the city of Hải Phòng to the south. The coastal line is 250 km. The total area of Quang Ninh is 8,239.243 km², of which 5,938 km² is mainland. The area of islands, bays and sea is a tremendous 2,448.853 km². The total area of the islands is 619.913 km².
through Bình Liêu
, Hải Hà
, Ðầm Hà and Móng Cái
; and the western zone ranging from Tiên Yên through Ba Chẽ
and Hoành Bồ
, north of Uông Bí Town. The former is a continuation of the Thâp Van Ðai Son range in China. There are two main chains: Quang Nam Châu 1,507 m and Cao Xiêm 1,330 m. The western zone features smooth and curved mountains called Ðông Triều with Yên Tu Mount 1,068 m in Uông Bí
region and Am Váp Mount 1,094 m in Hoành Bồ
District.
The midland and coastal plains include a low range of hills weathered by both wind and water; forming fields and river basins. They include the zones of Ðông Triêu, Uông Bí
, northern Yên Hưng
, southern Tiên Yên
, Hải Hà
and some of Móng Cái
. In the estuaries, alluvial
soil is deposited, creating low tidal flats. This can be found in the areas of southern Uông Bí, southern Yên Hưng (Hà Nam Island), eastern Yên Hưng, Ðông Rui (Tiên Yên), southern Ðầm Hà and Mong Cai
, southeastern Hải Hà. The midlands and plains of the coastline are extremely favourable for agriculture and transport. It has become a densely populated area of the province.
The sea and island zone of Quang Ninh has a unique terrain. There are more than 2,000 islands, making up two thirds of the country’s islands. They extend along the coast for more than 250 km and divide into numerous layers. The largest islands are Cái Bầu and Bản Sen, while the smallest are just like rocks in a garden. Vân Ðồn and Cô Tô are island districts. There are thousands of islands on Hạ Long Bay and Bái Tử Long Bay, many of which contain cave
s. Besides areas of alluvial deposits, there are also white sand zones which have built up from tidal action. Some places have formed white sand mines producing materials for the glass industry (Van Hai), or have developed into tourism spots (Trà Cổ, Quan Lạn, Minh Châu, Ngọc Vừng).
The sea bottom terrain of Quang Ninh isn't smooth, and has an average depth of 20 m. There are the remnants of ancient streams and underwater rocky banks. The streams from the mainland connect to deep drains along the sea-floor; creating a series of waterways, canals and harbours along the coast.
In comparison to other provinces in the north, Quang Ninh has been more under the influences of north-eastern monsoon. The wind blows strongly and the temperature drops to between 1 and. During the north-east monsoon, high mountainous regions such as Bình Liêu and Hải Hà, Ðầm Hà experiences temperatures below 0 °C. Storms have a large influence on the province, mainly in June, July and August. The intensity can be extremely strong, especially in island and coastal regions.
Because of the terrain differences, the climates of sub-regions differ. The border area of the Móng Cái District is colder and rainy, with an average temperature of around 22 °C and rainfall reaching 2,751 mm. In the Yên Hưng District, the most southern area, the average temperature is 24 °C and gets an average rainfall of 1,700 mm. The high mountainous region of Hoành Bồ, and Ba Chẽ districts, has 20 days of frost a year, and is subject to little rainfall. In the Bình Liêu District there is heavy rain (2,400 mm) and winter lasts for six months. The offshore island region is not the wettest area, with only 1,700 to 1,800 mm of rainfall per year, but winter is often accompanied by thick mists.
(the natural national border between China and Vietnam), Hà Côi, Ðầm Hà, Tiên Yên
, Phố Cũ, Ba Chẽ
, Diễn Vọng, Trới
, Míp
, Uông, Ðạm and Cầm
rivers. The provincial border is the Kinh Thầy River
which joins the Ðá Bạch River and runs into Bạch Ðằng. The total static capacity is estimated at 175.106 m3 of water. Out of the 72 lakes and dams, there are 28 large lakes with a total of capacity of 195.53 million m3 of water. The largest is Yên Lập Lake, which blocks the Míp Estuary. Its water volume is 1.18 million m3. Other lakes include: Khuất Ðộng, Trúc Bài Sơn, Khe Táu, Ðoan Tĩnh, Khe Uơn, Khe Chếnh, Yên Trung, Bến Châu, Trại Lốc, Rộc Cả and An Biên
.
Underground running water is also abundant, and can even be found on some of the larger islands. According to prospective data, 13 urban and industrial areas make use of 64,388 m3 water/day. In the province there are natural bottle water points in Quảng Hanh (Cẩm Phả), Khe Lạc (Tiên Yên
) and Ðồng Long (Bình Liêu
). Mineral water is concentrated in the village of Quảng Hanh. Presently, there are 15 exploration holes, and according to preliminary results, capacity could be 1,004 m3/day. Quảng Hanh mineral water is clear and colourless, with mineral content varying from 3.5 to 5.05 g/L.
, limestone, clay, kaolin, white sand, granite and so forth. Large reserves of anthracite coal account for 90 per cent of coal output of Vietnam. Limestone reserves are estimated at 3.1 billion tonnes which would be the basic input for cement manufacture. Other mineral resources phosphoric, titan, antimony, quartz and oil have been found which could auger more industrial projects in the Province. Clay and glassy sand, important material inputs in the building industry for manufacture of tiles, bricks fired-bricks, bricks, ceramics, are in abundance.
and Móng Cái
), two municipal townships (thị xã) (Cẩm Phả, and Uông Bí
), and ten rural districts (huyện): Ba Chẽ District, Bình Liêu District, Cô Tô District, Đầm Hà District, Đông Triều District, Hải Hà District, Hoành Bồ District, Tiên Yên District, Vân Đồn District and Yên Hưng District. These are divided into 130 communes (xã), 45 wards (phường) and 11 urban townships (thị).
Ethnic identity in the province is recorded as 22 ethnic groups. The ethnic groups identified are the Vietnamese (Kinh), Dao, Tay, San Diu, San Chi. The binational population groups comprise, the Nung and Muong, Thai, Kh'me, Hre, Hmong, Ede, Co Tu, Gia Rai, Ngai, Xu Dang, Co Ho, Ha Nhi, Lao, her Pup. The this land of ancient culture the dominant religious beliefs are of Buddhists, Christians and ancestor worship in addition to a few other folk beliefs.
Fauna
There are the regular domestic animals: cattle
, pigs
, poultry
, cats, dogs, and rabbits. Cattle breeding has developed well in the mountainous regions, while the Móng Cái pig is now famous for its especially lean meat. In eastern districts, swans hybridized with ducks, called cà sáy by locals, are also becoming popular. Numerous foreign cattle are imported as well: buffaloes from India
, milk cows from the Netherlands
and India and horses, sheep and goats from Mongolia
.
Wild animals
Formerly, as with the rest of Vietnam, there were once numerous wild animals. In more remote times, there were elephant
s, rhinoceros
, tiger
s, leopard
s and bear
s roaming the area. Today, there are monkeys, deer
, pheasant
s, eagle
s, wild boar
s, various bird
s and tortoise
s (which unfortunately are less abundant than they once were).
Aquatic fauna
In Quang Ninh aquatic fauna is very abundant, both fresh and sea water. There are large species of fish in the Gulf of Bắc Bộ. In addition, there are special species such as pearl mussels, stockfish
, sea turtle
s and lobster
s, while along the coastline, oyster
s and edible seaweed
abound. These numerous fish resources of the sea have always been an important source of income for the residents of Quang Ninh.
Flora
Quang Ninh’s floral strong point has always been forestry. Agricultural land is narrow and unfertilized, so the production of rice
, maize
and sweet potatoes is poor. Making up for this is high productivity from fruit trees, lumber trees and industrial plants.
The area for fruit trees in the Ðông Triều District totals around 30 km². Formerly in Quang Ninh, there was diverse and high-quality wood available, in particular ironwood and teak trees. Presently, there are mainly pine trees. In mountainous areas, there are some very diverse trees and plants, providing spices and traditional medicines.
Some of the economic indicators in agriculture, industries and other sectors are the following.
There are only 1,440 farms as against the national number of 120,699
The Output value of agriculture produce at constant 1994 prices in the province was 952.5 billion đồngs against the national value of 156,681.9 billion dongs.
The province produced 227,700 tonnes of cereals as against the national production of 43.68 million tonnes
The per capita production of cereals in the district was 205.2 kg as against the national figure of 501.8 kg. in 2008.
In 2007, the industrial output of the province was a meagre 37,987.5 billion dongs against the national output of 1.47 million billion dongs.
Mountains
Bai Tho Mountain is a limestone mountain formation, which rises to a height of 106 meters, right in the middle of the Hạ Long City. It appears like a visionary giant castle with three towers of the undulating rock. Another famous mountain is the That Bai Tho Mountain, which was earlier called the Transmission Mount(Then). It has historical linkage to the visit of Emperor – Le Thanh Tong to the provincial city in 1468. The king was moved by the beauty of the mountain covered with clouds, called it a young fairy of Hạ Long and got a poem written on it and engraved on the southern side of the rocky cliff. In 1729, Lord Trinh Cuong also did a painting and poem on King Le Thanh Tong on this mountain.
Temples
Two popular temples in the province are the Cua Ong Temple is located on a mountain overlooking low Bai Tu Long Bay, and the Tien Temple located next to the headquarters of People's Committee of Cam La commune.
Bach Dang beach
Bach Dang beach is a historical site which commemorates the 13th century victory of Tran Quoc Tuan over the Mongols who had invaded the country with 30,000 troops.
and Cao Bang.
The International Airport is at Noi Bai and a highway links it to the Mong Cai International Border Gate over a road distance of 288 km. Hạ Long city is 150 km from the airport. Another airport is being built closer to Hạ Long, 40 km away at Van Don.
The Hanoi–Hạ Long (Cai Lan port) Railway line has been improved. Rail links of 64 km length also connect to several industries in the province.
The water transport is provided by its many rivers and the sea ports such as the Cai Lan port (largest deep water port in North Vietnam is under further expansion to handle cargo of 7–10 million tonnes per year. Another port is the Cu Ong port, which can handle ships of 65,000–70,000 DWT capacity. Other minor ports in the coast line of the province are the Bo, Cau Trang, B12, Mui Chua, Dien Cong, Bach Thai Buoi, Tien Yen and Dan Tien.
Provinces of Vietnam
Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces and five centrally governed cities existing at the same level as provinces ....
located along the northeastern
Dong Bac
The Northeast is the region at the north of the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Northeast called to distinguish them from the Northwest, but it's actually in the north and northeast of Hanoi, wider than Việt Bắc. The northeast is one of three sub-regions of northern Vietnam...
coast of Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
. The province is home to Ha Long Bay, a World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...
. The provincial capital is Ha Long
Ha Long
Hạ Long also known as Hong Gai, Hon Gai and Hongay, is the capital city of Quang Ninh province, Vietnam. The city mainly lies on Bai Tu Long Bay, which is part of the Hạ Long Bay. It is located at about 160 km northeast of Hanoi...
. Nearly 80 per cent of the province is mountainous with abundant land, forest water and mineral resources. Nearly 90 per cent of coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
output in the country is extracted in this province. Ha Long Bay has 1,969 islands, out of which 989 are given names.The province covers an area of
6,099 square kilometres and as of 2008 it had a population of 1,109,600 people.
Etymology
The province's name derives from Sino-Vietnamese (Hán Tự: 廣寧).Geography
The province has the shape of an oblique rectangle inclined in a northeast-to-southwest direction. To the west, the province borders an extended forest and mountain region. To the east, it is adjacent to the Gulf of Bắc BộGulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is an arm of the South China Sea, lying off the coast of northeastern Vietnam.-Etymology:The name Tonkin, written "東京" in Hán tự and Đông Kinh in romanised Vietnamese, means "Eastern Capital", and is the former toponym for Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam...
. It features a meandering coastline, numerous estuaries
Estuary
An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....
and tidal flats and more than 2,000 large and small islands. Exactly 1,030 of these have been named. Quang Ninh's coordinates are longitude
Longitude
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds, and denoted by the Greek letter lambda ....
106º25' to 108º25' east and latitude
Latitude
In geography, the latitude of a location on the Earth is the angular distance of that location south or north of the Equator. The latitude is an angle, and is usually measured in degrees . The equator has a latitude of 0°, the North pole has a latitude of 90° north , and the South pole has a...
20º40' to 21º40' north. Its width from east to west is 195 km (at the widest part).
The total length from north to south of the province is 102 km. The northernmost point is in mountain range at Mo Toòng village (Hoành Mô Commune, Bình Liêu District). The southernmost point is in Hạ Mai Island (Ngọc Vừng Commune, Vân Ðồn District). The westernmost point is in Vàng Chua River (Bình Dương and Nguyễn Huệ communes, Ðông Triều District). The easternmost point is inland at Got Cape, northeast of Trà Cổ Commune, Móng Cái
Mong Cai
Móng Cái is a district-level city of Quang Ninh province in northern Vietnam, on the border with Dongxing town, Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province, China. It has a population of about 103,000. It is known as one of the wealthiest cities in Vietnam with the average income in some areas exceeding...
Town.
Quang Ninh has a common international border with the People’s Republic of China. Inland, north of province (Bình Liêu, Hải Hà districts and Móng Cái
Mong Cai
Móng Cái is a district-level city of Quang Ninh province in northern Vietnam, on the border with Dongxing town, Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province, China. It has a population of about 103,000. It is known as one of the wealthiest cities in Vietnam with the average income in some areas exceeding...
borders Dongxing
Dongxing, Guangxi
-Climate:...
City and Fangcheng
Fangcheng District
Fangcheng District is a district of Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Fangchenggang city....
County in Guangxi
Guangxi
Guangxi, formerly romanized Kwangsi, is a province of southern China along its border with Vietnam. In 1958, it became the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, a region with special privileges created specifically for the Zhuang people.Guangxi's location, in...
Province, PRC
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
with the borderline of 170 km. To the east, it adjuncts to Bắc Bộ Gulf. The province also borders Lạng Sơn
Lạng Sơn Province
Lạng Sơn is a province in far northern Vietnam, bordering Guangxi province in China. Its capital is also called Lang Son, which is a strategically important town at the border with China and is northeast of Hanoi connected by rail and road...
, Bắc Giang
Bắc Giang Province
Bắc Giang is a province of Vietnam. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, being situated to the east of Hanoi. The province covers an area of 3827.45 square kilometres and as of 2008 it had a population of 1,628,400 people....
and Hải Dương
Hai Duong Province
Hải Dương is a province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Its name derives from Sino-Vietnamese , meaning "ocean", though in fact, the province is landlocked.-Geography of Hai Duong:...
provinces to the west, and the city of Hải Phòng to the south. The coastal line is 250 km. The total area of Quang Ninh is 8,239.243 km², of which 5,938 km² is mainland. The area of islands, bays and sea is a tremendous 2,448.853 km². The total area of the islands is 619.913 km².
Topography
Quang Ninh is a mountainous and coastal province, with more than 80 per cent of its area being made up of mountains and hills. The 2,000 some islands are also considered mountains. The mountainous zone can be divided into two parts: the eastern mountainous region extending from Tiên YênTien Yen
Tiên Yên is a district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 43,227. The district covers an area of 617 km²...
through Bình Liêu
Binh Lieu
Bình Liêu is a rural district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 26,077 . The district covers an area of 471 km². The district capital lies at Bình Liêu....
, Hải Hà
Hai Ha
Hải Hà is a rural district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam.As of 2003 the district had a population of 50,878. The district covers an area of 495 km²...
, Ðầm Hà and Móng Cái
Mong Cai
Móng Cái is a district-level city of Quang Ninh province in northern Vietnam, on the border with Dongxing town, Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province, China. It has a population of about 103,000. It is known as one of the wealthiest cities in Vietnam with the average income in some areas exceeding...
; and the western zone ranging from Tiên Yên through Ba Chẽ
Ba Che
Ba Chẽ is a district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 17,335. The district covers an area of 577 km². The district capital lies at Ba Che.-Administrative divisions:...
and Hoành Bồ
Hoanh Bo
Hoành Bồ is a district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 39,650. The district covers an area of 824 km²...
, north of Uông Bí Town. The former is a continuation of the Thâp Van Ðai Son range in China. There are two main chains: Quang Nam Châu 1,507 m and Cao Xiêm 1,330 m. The western zone features smooth and curved mountains called Ðông Triều with Yên Tu Mount 1,068 m in Uông Bí
Uong Bi
Uông Bí is a district town of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 98,949. The district covers an area of 240 km²...
region and Am Váp Mount 1,094 m in Hoành Bồ
Hoanh Bo
Hoành Bồ is a district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 39,650. The district covers an area of 824 km²...
District.
The midland and coastal plains include a low range of hills weathered by both wind and water; forming fields and river basins. They include the zones of Ðông Triêu, Uông Bí
Uong Bi
Uông Bí is a district town of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 98,949. The district covers an area of 240 km²...
, northern Yên Hưng
Yen Hung
Yên Hưng is a district of Ninh Binh Province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. The Bach Dang River flows through Yen Hung. As of 2003 the district had a population of 137,198. The district covers an area of 332 km²...
, southern Tiên Yên
Tien Yen
Tiên Yên is a district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 43,227. The district covers an area of 617 km²...
, Hải Hà
Hai Ha
Hải Hà is a rural district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam.As of 2003 the district had a population of 50,878. The district covers an area of 495 km²...
and some of Móng Cái
Mong Cai
Móng Cái is a district-level city of Quang Ninh province in northern Vietnam, on the border with Dongxing town, Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province, China. It has a population of about 103,000. It is known as one of the wealthiest cities in Vietnam with the average income in some areas exceeding...
. In the estuaries, alluvial
Alluvium
Alluvium is loose, unconsolidated soil or sediments, eroded, deposited, and reshaped by water in some form in a non-marine setting. Alluvium is typically made up of a variety of materials, including fine particles of silt and clay and larger particles of sand and gravel...
soil is deposited, creating low tidal flats. This can be found in the areas of southern Uông Bí, southern Yên Hưng (Hà Nam Island), eastern Yên Hưng, Ðông Rui (Tiên Yên), southern Ðầm Hà and Mong Cai
Mong Cai
Móng Cái is a district-level city of Quang Ninh province in northern Vietnam, on the border with Dongxing town, Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province, China. It has a population of about 103,000. It is known as one of the wealthiest cities in Vietnam with the average income in some areas exceeding...
, southeastern Hải Hà. The midlands and plains of the coastline are extremely favourable for agriculture and transport. It has become a densely populated area of the province.
The sea and island zone of Quang Ninh has a unique terrain. There are more than 2,000 islands, making up two thirds of the country’s islands. They extend along the coast for more than 250 km and divide into numerous layers. The largest islands are Cái Bầu and Bản Sen, while the smallest are just like rocks in a garden. Vân Ðồn and Cô Tô are island districts. There are thousands of islands on Hạ Long Bay and Bái Tử Long Bay, many of which contain cave
Cave
A cave or cavern is a natural underground space large enough for a human to enter. The term applies to natural cavities some part of which is in total darkness. The word cave also includes smaller spaces like rock shelters, sea caves, and grottos.Speleology is the science of exploration and study...
s. Besides areas of alluvial deposits, there are also white sand zones which have built up from tidal action. Some places have formed white sand mines producing materials for the glass industry (Van Hai), or have developed into tourism spots (Trà Cổ, Quan Lạn, Minh Châu, Ngọc Vừng).
The sea bottom terrain of Quang Ninh isn't smooth, and has an average depth of 20 m. There are the remnants of ancient streams and underwater rocky banks. The streams from the mainland connect to deep drains along the sea-floor; creating a series of waterways, canals and harbours along the coast.
Climate
Quang Ninh’s climate is symbolic of the climate of North Vietnam; featuring all four seasons. In summer, it is hot, humid and rainy, while monsoons flourish. The average annual temperature recorded is 22.9°C. In winter, it is cold (between 1 to 3°C), dry, and sees little rainfall (between 150 mm and 400 mm). The average humidity is 82 percent. Annual average rainfall, influenced by north-eastern monsoons, varies between 1,700 mm and 2,400 mm (maximum recorded is 2751 mm), with rainfall concentrated in the summer months for 90 to 170 days, particularly in July and August.In comparison to other provinces in the north, Quang Ninh has been more under the influences of north-eastern monsoon. The wind blows strongly and the temperature drops to between 1 and. During the north-east monsoon, high mountainous regions such as Bình Liêu and Hải Hà, Ðầm Hà experiences temperatures below 0 °C. Storms have a large influence on the province, mainly in June, July and August. The intensity can be extremely strong, especially in island and coastal regions.
Because of the terrain differences, the climates of sub-regions differ. The border area of the Móng Cái District is colder and rainy, with an average temperature of around 22 °C and rainfall reaching 2,751 mm. In the Yên Hưng District, the most southern area, the average temperature is 24 °C and gets an average rainfall of 1,700 mm. The high mountainous region of Hoành Bồ, and Ba Chẽ districts, has 20 days of frost a year, and is subject to little rainfall. In the Bình Liêu District there is heavy rain (2,400 mm) and winter lasts for six months. The offshore island region is not the wettest area, with only 1,700 to 1,800 mm of rainfall per year, but winter is often accompanied by thick mists.
Hydrography
In Quang Ninh, there are numerous rivers and springs, but most are short and small, and feature currents that differ between seasons. In winter, most rivers run dry, but in summer, waterfalls pick up fast currents. The water current reaches 1.45 m3/s in dry season, but up to 1,500 m3/s in the rainy season. Quang Ninh’s sea borders upon the Gulf of Bắc Bộ. It is large and protected by the ranks of islands, so the wind is quieter and the water smoother. The gulf’s current runs from north to south. It is Vietnam’s coldest sea, with the temperature sometimes dipping below 13 °C. The average tide level recorded is 2.5 m.Water resources
Water resources in the province of Quang Ninh are abundant and distinct. The largest rivers are: the Ka LongKa Long
Beilun River , or Ka Long River , Bắc Luân River is a river of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southwest China and Quang Ninh Province in northeast Vietnam....
(the natural national border between China and Vietnam), Hà Côi, Ðầm Hà, Tiên Yên
Tien Yen
Tiên Yên is a district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 43,227. The district covers an area of 617 km²...
, Phố Cũ, Ba Chẽ
Ba Che
Ba Chẽ is a district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 17,335. The district covers an area of 577 km². The district capital lies at Ba Che.-Administrative divisions:...
, Diễn Vọng, Trới
Troi
Troi, is a First Name.Usually used for males.Origin of this name is from Troy.Troi may refer to:* Deanna Troi, fictional character in the Star Trek universe...
, Míp
MIP
MIP may refer to:* Macrophage Inflammatory Protein* Managing Intellectual Property, a monthly magazine specialized in intellectual property law and business* Male Iron Pipe, a plumbing pipe connection to an FIP...
, Uông, Ðạm and Cầm
Cam
A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming rotary motion into linear motion or vice-versa. It is often a part of a rotating wheel or shaft that strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path...
rivers. The provincial border is the Kinh Thầy River
Kinh Thầy River
Kinh Thầy River is a river of Hải Dương Province in northeast Vietnam....
which joins the Ðá Bạch River and runs into Bạch Ðằng. The total static capacity is estimated at 175.106 m3 of water. Out of the 72 lakes and dams, there are 28 large lakes with a total of capacity of 195.53 million m3 of water. The largest is Yên Lập Lake, which blocks the Míp Estuary. Its water volume is 1.18 million m3. Other lakes include: Khuất Ðộng, Trúc Bài Sơn, Khe Táu, Ðoan Tĩnh, Khe Uơn, Khe Chếnh, Yên Trung, Bến Châu, Trại Lốc, Rộc Cả and An Biên
An Bien
An Bien is a district of Kien Giang Province in the Mekong River Delta region of Vietnam.As of 2003 the district had a population of 147,297. The district covers an area of 466 km²...
.
Underground running water is also abundant, and can even be found on some of the larger islands. According to prospective data, 13 urban and industrial areas make use of 64,388 m3 water/day. In the province there are natural bottle water points in Quảng Hanh (Cẩm Phả), Khe Lạc (Tiên Yên
Tien Yen
Tiên Yên is a district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 43,227. The district covers an area of 617 km²...
) and Ðồng Long (Bình Liêu
Binh Lieu
Bình Liêu is a rural district of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 26,077 . The district covers an area of 471 km². The district capital lies at Bình Liêu....
). Mineral water is concentrated in the village of Quảng Hanh. Presently, there are 15 exploration holes, and according to preliminary results, capacity could be 1,004 m3/day. Quảng Hanh mineral water is clear and colourless, with mineral content varying from 3.5 to 5.05 g/L.
Mineral resources
The province has rich natural mineral resources of coalCoal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
, limestone, clay, kaolin, white sand, granite and so forth. Large reserves of anthracite coal account for 90 per cent of coal output of Vietnam. Limestone reserves are estimated at 3.1 billion tonnes which would be the basic input for cement manufacture. Other mineral resources phosphoric, titan, antimony, quartz and oil have been found which could auger more industrial projects in the Province. Clay and glassy sand, important material inputs in the building industry for manufacture of tiles, bricks fired-bricks, bricks, ceramics, are in abundance.
Administrative divisions
Quang Ninh is divided into two city municipalities (thành phố) (Hạ LongHa Long
Hạ Long also known as Hong Gai, Hon Gai and Hongay, is the capital city of Quang Ninh province, Vietnam. The city mainly lies on Bai Tu Long Bay, which is part of the Hạ Long Bay. It is located at about 160 km northeast of Hanoi...
and Móng Cái
Mong Cai
Móng Cái is a district-level city of Quang Ninh province in northern Vietnam, on the border with Dongxing town, Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province, China. It has a population of about 103,000. It is known as one of the wealthiest cities in Vietnam with the average income in some areas exceeding...
), two municipal townships (thị xã) (Cẩm Phả, and Uông Bí
Uong Bi
Uông Bí is a district town of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 98,949. The district covers an area of 240 km²...
), and ten rural districts (huyện): Ba Chẽ District, Bình Liêu District, Cô Tô District, Đầm Hà District, Đông Triều District, Hải Hà District, Hoành Bồ District, Tiên Yên District, Vân Đồn District and Yên Hưng District. These are divided into 130 communes (xã), 45 wards (phường) and 11 urban townships (thị).
| Name | Division type | Population (2003) | Area (km²) | Towns (huyện lỵ or thị trấn) (bold) and communes (xã) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hạ Long Ha Long Hạ Long also known as Hong Gai, Hon Gai and Hongay, is the capital city of Quang Ninh province, Vietnam. The city mainly lies on Bai Tu Long Bay, which is part of the Hạ Long Bay. It is located at about 160 km northeast of Hanoi... |
City (thành phố) | 185,228 (2001) | 208.7 | Wards (phường): Hà Khánh, Hà Lầm,Hà Trung, Hà Phong, Hà Tu, Hồng Hải, Cao Thắng, Cao Xanh,Yết Kiêu,Trần Hưng Đạo, Bạch Đằng, Hòn Gai, Bãi Cháy, Hồng Hà,Hà Khẩu, Giếng Đáy, Hùng Thắng, Tuần Châu,Việt Hưng, Đại Yên |
| Móng Cái Mong Cai Móng Cái is a district-level city of Quang Ninh province in northern Vietnam, on the border with Dongxing town, Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province, China. It has a population of about 103,000. It is known as one of the wealthiest cities in Vietnam with the average income in some areas exceeding... |
City (thành phố) | 72,960 | 515 | Wards (phường): Hòa Lạc,Trần Phú,Ka Long,Ninh Dương, Trà Cổ, Hải Yên, Hải Hòa, Bình Ngọc. Communes: Bắc Sơn, Hải Tiến, Hải Đông, Hải Xuân, Hải Sơn,Quảng Nghĩa, Vạn Ninh,Vĩnh Thực,Vĩnh Trung |
| Cẩm Phả | Township (thị xã) | 165,842 | 336 | Wards (phường): Quang Hanh, Cẩm Thạch, Cẩm Thuỷ, Cẩm Trung, Cẩm Thành, Cẩm Tây, Cẩm Bình, Cẩm Ðông, Cẩm Sơn,Cẩm Phú, Cẩm Thịnh,Cửa Ông, Mông Dương. Communes: Dương Huy, Cộng Hoà, Cẩm Hải. |
| Uông Bí Uong Bi Uông Bí is a district town of Quang Ninh province in the northeastern region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 98,949. The district covers an area of 240 km²... |
City (thành phố) | 98,949 | 240 | Wards (phường): Vàng Danh, Bắc Sơn, Thanh Sơn, Quang Trung, Trưng Vương, Nam Khê, Yên Thanh. Communes: Thượng Yên Công, Phương Đông, Phương Nam, and Điền Công. |
| Ba Chẽ District | District (huyện) | 17,335 | 577 | Ba Chẽ, Đồn Đạc, Nam Sơn,Đạp Thanh,Minh Cầm,Lương Mông,Thanh Lâm, Thanh Sơn. |
| Bình Liêu District | District (huyện) | 26,077 | 471 | Bình Liêu, Húc Động, Đồng Tâm, Tình Húc, Vô Ngại, Lục Hồn,Đồng Văn. |
| Cô Tô District | District (huyện) | 5,281 | 46 | |
| Đầm Hà District | District (huyện) | 31,414 | 290 | Đầm Hà, Đại Bình, Đầm Hà, Tân Bình, Dực Yên,Quảng An,Quảng Lâm, Quảng Lợi, Quảng Tân,Tân Lập. |
| Đông Triều District | District (huyện) | 150,256 | 397 | Đông Triều, Mạo Khê, Nguyễn Huệ, Hồng Phong, Tràng An, Việt Dân, Tân Việt, Bình Dương, Yên Thọ, Yên Đức, Hoàng Quế, Tràng Lương, Xuân Sơn, Bình Khê, Hồng Thái Đông, Hồng Thái Tây, An Sinh, Hưng Đạo, Kim Sơn, Đức Chính,Thủy An, Nhuệ Hổ. |
| Hải Hà District | District (huyện) | 50,878 | 495 | Quảng Hà, Quảng Minh, Quảng Thành, Quảng Thắng, Phú Hải, Quảng Chính, Quảng Trung, Quảng Điền, Quảng Phong, Quảng Long, Quảng Sơn, Đường Hoa, Tiến Tới, Quảng Đức, Quảng Thịnh and Cái Chiên. |
| Hoành Bồ District | District (huyện) | 39,650 | 824 | Trới, Kỳ Thượng,Hoà Bình,Đồng Lâm,Tân Dân,Vũ Oai, Dân Chủ,Sơn Dương,Quảng La,Bằng Cả,Thống Nhất,Lê Lợi, Đồng Sơn. |
| Tiên Yên District | District (huyện) | 43,227 | 617 | Tiên Yên, Đại Dực, Đại Thành, Hà Lâu, Phong Dụ, Điền Xá, Yên Than, Hải Lạng, Tiên Lãng, Đông Ngũ, Đông Hải, Đồng Rui. |
| Vân Đồn District | District (huyện) | 39,157 | 551 | Cái Rồng, Ðông Xá, Hạ Long, Bình Dân, Ðoàn Kết, Ðài Xuyên, Vạn Yên, Minh Châu, Quan Lạn, Ngọc Vừng, Bản Sen, Thắng Lợi. |
| Yên Hưng District | District (huyện) | 137,198 | 332 | Quảng Yên, Tiền Phong, Liên Vị, Yên Hải, Nam Hòa, Hà An, Hoàng Tân, Tiền An, Tân An,Minh Thành,Sông Khoai, Đông Mai, Phong Cốc, Liên Hòa, Phong Hải, Cẩm La, Yên Giang, Hiệp Hòa, Cộng Hòa. |
Demographics
According to the General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam, the population of Quang Ninh province as on 2008 was 1,109,600 with a density of 182 persons per sq.km over a total land area of 6099 square kilometre of the province. The male population during this period was 559,500 with females accounting for 555,700. The rural population was 614,600 against an urban population of 495,000. However, according to the 2009 data, the population of the province is reported to be 1,144,381 people, including women who were 558,793; the proportion of urban population in the province has been ranked third nationally (behind Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang), urban population was 575,939 people (proportion 50.3 per cent) and rural population was 568,442 people. The rate of population growth rate is also higher, the average from 1999 to 2009 was 1.3 per cent as against the national average of 1.2 per cent.Ethnic identity in the province is recorded as 22 ethnic groups. The ethnic groups identified are the Vietnamese (Kinh), Dao, Tay, San Diu, San Chi. The binational population groups comprise, the Nung and Muong, Thai, Kh'me, Hre, Hmong, Ede, Co Tu, Gia Rai, Ngai, Xu Dang, Co Ho, Ha Nhi, Lao, her Pup. The this land of ancient culture the dominant religious beliefs are of Buddhists, Christians and ancestor worship in addition to a few other folk beliefs.
Fauna and Flora
Quang Ninh, because of its varied terrain, climate and soil, features a diversified and abundant environmental system. The province has a thus a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. Identified floral species number 1,027 of 6 phyla, while faunal species are 120.Fauna
There are the regular domestic animals: cattle
Cattle
Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
, pigs
PIGS
PIGS is a four letter acronym that can stand for:* PIGS , Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class S, a human gene* PIGS , the economies of Portugal, Italy , Greece and Spain...
, poultry
Poultry
Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of producing eggs, meat, and/or feathers. These most typically are members of the superorder Galloanserae , especially the order Galliformes and the family Anatidae , commonly known as "waterfowl"...
, cats, dogs, and rabbits. Cattle breeding has developed well in the mountainous regions, while the Móng Cái pig is now famous for its especially lean meat. In eastern districts, swans hybridized with ducks, called cà sáy by locals, are also becoming popular. Numerous foreign cattle are imported as well: buffaloes from India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, milk cows from the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
and India and horses, sheep and goats from Mongolia
Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
.
Wild animals
Formerly, as with the rest of Vietnam, there were once numerous wild animals. In more remote times, there were elephant
Elephant
Elephants are large land mammals in two extant genera of the family Elephantidae: Elephas and Loxodonta, with the third genus Mammuthus extinct...
s, rhinoceros
Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros , also known as rhino, is a group of five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae. Two of these species are native to Africa and three to southern Asia....
, tiger
Tiger
The tiger is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to and weighing up to . Their most recognizable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with lighter underparts...
s, leopard
Leopard
The leopard , Panthera pardus, is a member of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four "big cats" in the genus Panthera, the other three being the tiger, lion, and jaguar. The leopard was once distributed across eastern and southern Asia and Africa, from Siberia to South Africa, but its...
s and bear
Bear
Bears are mammals of the family Ursidae. Bears are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives. Although there are only eight living species of bear, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern...
s roaming the area. Today, there are monkeys, deer
Deer
Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. Species in the Cervidae family include white-tailed deer, elk, moose, red deer, reindeer, fallow deer, roe deer and chital. Male deer of all species and female reindeer grow and shed new antlers each year...
, pheasant
Pheasant
Pheasants refer to some members of the Phasianinae subfamily of Phasianidae in the order Galliformes.Pheasants are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism, males being highly ornate with bright colours and adornments such as wattles and long tails. Males are usually larger than females and have...
s, eagle
Eagle
Eagles are members of the bird family Accipitridae, and belong to several genera which are not necessarily closely related to each other. Most of the more than 60 species occur in Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just two species can be found in the United States and Canada, nine more in...
s, wild boar
Boar
Wild boar, also wild pig, is a species of the pig genus Sus, part of the biological family Suidae. The species includes many subspecies. It is the wild ancestor of the domestic pig, an animal with which it freely hybridises...
s, various bird
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
s and tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoises are a family of land-dwelling reptiles of the order of turtles . Like their marine cousins, the sea turtles, tortoises are shielded from predators by a shell. The top part of the shell is the carapace, the underside is the plastron, and the two are connected by the bridge. The tortoise...
s (which unfortunately are less abundant than they once were).
Aquatic fauna
In Quang Ninh aquatic fauna is very abundant, both fresh and sea water. There are large species of fish in the Gulf of Bắc Bộ. In addition, there are special species such as pearl mussels, stockfish
Stockfish
Stockfish is unsalted fish, especially cod, dried by cold air and wind on wooden racks on the foreshore, called "hjell". The drying of food is the world's oldest known preservation method, and dried fish has a storage life of several years...
, sea turtle
Sea turtle
Sea turtles are marine reptiles that inhabit all of the world's oceans except the Arctic.-Distribution:...
s and lobster
Lobster
Clawed lobsters comprise a family of large marine crustaceans. Highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important, and are often one of the most profitable commodities in coastal areas they populate.Though several groups of crustaceans are known as lobsters, the clawed lobsters are most...
s, while along the coastline, oyster
Oyster
The word oyster is used as a common name for a number of distinct groups of bivalve molluscs which live in marine or brackish habitats. The valves are highly calcified....
s and edible seaweed
Seaweed
Seaweed is a loose, colloquial term encompassing macroscopic, multicellular, benthic marine algae. The term includes some members of the red, brown and green algae...
abound. These numerous fish resources of the sea have always been an important source of income for the residents of Quang Ninh.
Flora
Quang Ninh’s floral strong point has always been forestry. Agricultural land is narrow and unfertilized, so the production of rice
Rice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
, maize
Maize
Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
and sweet potatoes is poor. Making up for this is high productivity from fruit trees, lumber trees and industrial plants.
The area for fruit trees in the Ðông Triều District totals around 30 km². Formerly in Quang Ninh, there was diverse and high-quality wood available, in particular ironwood and teak trees. Presently, there are mainly pine trees. In mountainous areas, there are some very diverse trees and plants, providing spices and traditional medicines.
Economy
Although economy of the region is agriculture based, other sectors of industries and tourism are also getting priority attention. Being located in the northern economic triangle (Hanoi-Haiphong-Quangninh), the province has abundant resources and has immense potential to develop the economy in every sector. The People's Committee of Quang Ninh Province in 2007 approved proposals for development plans up to 2020. Industrial development is taking place at a rapid pace. Mineral extraction industries are being developed. Special economic zones are being created and the plans envisage making the province a modern industrial province by 2015. The two economic development zones under development are the Mong Cai Border Gate Economic Zone and the Van Don Economic Zone. Tourism is also a sector of economic development, which has been given priority.Some of the economic indicators in agriculture, industries and other sectors are the following.
There are only 1,440 farms as against the national number of 120,699
The Output value of agriculture produce at constant 1994 prices in the province was 952.5 billion đồngs against the national value of 156,681.9 billion dongs.
The province produced 227,700 tonnes of cereals as against the national production of 43.68 million tonnes
The per capita production of cereals in the district was 205.2 kg as against the national figure of 501.8 kg. in 2008.
In 2007, the industrial output of the province was a meagre 37,987.5 billion dongs against the national output of 1.47 million billion dongs.
Historical places
The province has number of attractions connected with the landforms such as the mountains and the sea or the bay, religious places of worship and also festivals. Some of these are:Mountains
Bai Tho Mountain is a limestone mountain formation, which rises to a height of 106 meters, right in the middle of the Hạ Long City. It appears like a visionary giant castle with three towers of the undulating rock. Another famous mountain is the That Bai Tho Mountain, which was earlier called the Transmission Mount(Then). It has historical linkage to the visit of Emperor – Le Thanh Tong to the provincial city in 1468. The king was moved by the beauty of the mountain covered with clouds, called it a young fairy of Hạ Long and got a poem written on it and engraved on the southern side of the rocky cliff. In 1729, Lord Trinh Cuong also did a painting and poem on King Le Thanh Tong on this mountain.
Temples
Two popular temples in the province are the Cua Ong Temple is located on a mountain overlooking low Bai Tu Long Bay, and the Tien Temple located next to the headquarters of People's Committee of Cam La commune.
Bach Dang beach
Bach Dang beach is a historical site which commemorates the 13th century victory of Tran Quoc Tuan over the Mongols who had invaded the country with 30,000 troops.
Transportation system
The road network in the province consists of the National Highways No. 10, 18, and 48. Highway No. 10 links to Hanoi, Haiphong and Northern provinces. National Highway 4B connects with Lang SonLang Son
Lạng Sơn , sometimes Langson, is a city in far northern Vietnam, is the capital of Lang Son province. It is accessible by road and rail from Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, and it is the northernmost point on National Road 1A.-History:...
and Cao Bang.
The International Airport is at Noi Bai and a highway links it to the Mong Cai International Border Gate over a road distance of 288 km. Hạ Long city is 150 km from the airport. Another airport is being built closer to Hạ Long, 40 km away at Van Don.
The Hanoi–Hạ Long (Cai Lan port) Railway line has been improved. Rail links of 64 km length also connect to several industries in the province.
The water transport is provided by its many rivers and the sea ports such as the Cai Lan port (largest deep water port in North Vietnam is under further expansion to handle cargo of 7–10 million tonnes per year. Another port is the Cu Ong port, which can handle ships of 65,000–70,000 DWT capacity. Other minor ports in the coast line of the province are the Bo, Cau Trang, B12, Mui Chua, Dien Cong, Bach Thai Buoi, Tien Yen and Dan Tien.