Pangasinan language - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Pangasinan language (Pangasinan: Salitan Pangasinan; ) or Pangasinense is one of the twelve major languages in the Philippines

Philippines

The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

.

The language which is called "Pangasinese" in the Philippine Islands is spoken by more than one and a half million Pangasinan people

Pangasinan people

The Pangasinan are the eighth largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. They are the residents or indigenous peoples of the Province of Pangasinan, one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines, located on the west central area in the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf...

(indigenous speakers) in the province of Pangasinan

Pangasinan

Pangasinan is a province of the Republic of the Philippines. The provincial capital is Lingayen. Pangasinan is located on the west central and peripheral area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf, with the total land area being 5,368.82 square kilometers . According to the latest census,...

alone. Pangasinense is also spoken in other Pangasinense communities in the Philippines

Philippines

, and by Pangasinan immigrants in the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. Pangasinense is the primary language in the province of Pangasinan

Pangasinan

, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon

Luzon

Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines. It is located in the northernmost region of the archipelago, and is also the name for one of the three primary island groups in the country centered on the Island of Luzon...

along the Lingayen Gulf

Lingayen Gulf

The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching . It is framed by the provinces of Pangasinan and La Union and sits between the Zambales Mountains and the Cordillera Central...

. It is the official regional language in the province of Pangasinan

Pangasinan

, with a total population of the province of 2,434,086 (National Statistics Office: 2000 Census). The word "Pangasinense ought not be confused with the name "Pangasinan" which is the name of its place of origin.

Classification

The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages

Malayo-Polynesian languages

The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. These are widely dispersed throughout the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia...

branch of the Austronesian languages

Austronesian languages

The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...

family.

Pangasinan is similar to the Tagalog and Ilocano languages that are spoken in the Philippines

Philippines

, Indonesian

Indonesian language

Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is a normative form of the Riau Islands dialect of Malay, an Austronesian language which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries....

in Indonesia

Indonesia

Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...

, Malay

Malay language

Malay is a major language of the Austronesian family. It is the official language of Malaysia , Indonesia , Brunei and Singapore...

in Malaysia, and Malagasy

Malagasy language

Malagasy is the national language of Madagascar, a member of the Austronesian family of languages. Most people in Madagascar speak it as a first language as do some people of Malagasy descent elsewhere.-History:...

in Madagascar

Madagascar

The Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa...

. The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi

Ibaloi

The Ibaloi or Nabaloi is an indigenous ethnic group found in the northern Philippines. The Ibaloi are one of the indigenous peoples collectively known as Igorot, who live in the mountains of the Cordillera Central on the island of Luzon...

language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet

Benguet

Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad and borders, clockwise from the south, Pangasinan, La Union, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya....

and Baguio City

Baguio City

The City of Baguio is a highly urbanized city in northern Luzon in the Philippines. Baguio City was established by Americans in 1900 at the site of an Ibaloi village known as Kafagway...

, located north of Pangasinan. Pangasinense is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The Pangasinic languages are:

Pangasinan
Ibaloi
Ibaloi
The Ibaloi or Nabaloi is an indigenous ethnic group found in the northern Philippines. The Ibaloi are one of the indigenous peoples collectively known as Igorot, who live in the mountains of the Cordillera Central on the island of Luzon...
Karao
I-wak
Kalanguya
Keley-I
Kallahan
Kayapa
Tinoc

Pangasinense is spoken primarily in the provinces of Pangasinan and Benguet

Benguet

, and in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Zambales

Zambales

Zambales is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is Iba. Zambales borders Pangasinan to the north, Tarlac and Pampanga to the east, and Bataan to the south. The province lies between the South China Sea and the Zambales Mountains. With a land area of...

, Tarlac

Tarlac

Tarlac is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Luzon Island. Its capital is Tarlac City. Tarlac borders Pampanga to the south, Nueva Ecija to the east, Pangasinan to the north, and Zambales to the west...

, Nueva Ecija

Nueva Ecija

Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is Palayan City...

, Nueva Vizcaya

Nueva Vizcaya

Nueva Vizcaya is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by, clockwise from the north, Ifugao, Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and Benguet.-History, people and culture:The name was derived from the...

, and Ifugao

Ifugao

Ifugao is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Covering a total land area of 262,820 hectares, the province of Ifugao is located in a mountainous region characterized by rugged terrain, river valleys, and massive forests...

.

Pangasinense is an agglutinative language.

Distribution

Pangasinense is the primary language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon

Luzon

along Lingayen Gulf

Lingayen Gulf

. The people of Pangasinan are also referred to as Pangasinenses. The province has a total population of 2,343,086 (2000), of which 1.5 million speak Pangasinan. Speakers of the language are concentrated mostly in central Pangasinan. Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in the neighboring provinces of Benguet

Benguet

, La Union

La Unión

La Union or La Unión may refer to:-Colombia:*La Unión, Antioquia*La Unión, Nariño*La Unión, Sucre*La Unión, Valle del Cauca-Peru:*La Unión Province, Peru...

, Nueva Ecija

Nueva Ecija

Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is Palayan City...

, Nueva Vizcaya

Nueva Vizcaya

, Tarlac

Tarlac

, and Zambales

Zambales

History

Austronesian-language speakers settled in Maritime Southeast Asia

Maritime Southeast Asia

Maritime Southeast Asia refers to the maritime region of Southeast Asia as opposed to mainland Southeast Asia and includes the modern countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, East Timor and Singapore....

during prehistoric times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The indigenous speakers of Pangasinense are descendants of these prehistoric settlers, who were probably part of the prehistoric human migration

Human migration

Human migration is physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. Historically this movement was nomadic, often causing significant conflict with the indigenous population and their displacement or cultural assimilation. Only a few nomadic...

that is widely believed to have originated from Southern China via Taiwan

Taiwan

Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...

about 100 to 200 thousand years ago.

The word Pangasinan, means “land of salt” or “place of salt-making”; it is derived from the root word asin, the word for "salt" in Pangasinense. Pangasinan could also refer to a “container of salt or salted-products”; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents.

Sentence Structure

Like other Malayo-Polynesian languages

Malayo-Polynesian languages

, Pangasinense has a verb–subject–object word order. Pangasinan language is agglutinative language.

Personal

	Absolutive Independent	Absolutive Enclitic	Ergative	Oblique
1st person singular	siák	ak	-k(o)	ed siak
1st person dual	sikatá	ita, ta	-ta	ed sikata
2nd person singular	siká	ka	-m(o)	ed sika
3rd person singular	sikató	-, -a	to	ed sikato
1st person plural inclusive	sikatayó	itayo, tayo	-tayo	ed sikatayo
1st person plural exclusive	sikamí	kamí	mi	ed sikami
2nd person plural	sikayó	kayó	yo	ed sikayo
3rd person plural	sikara	ira, ra	da	ed sikara

Affixes

a:-UM-

MAKAN-, AKAN-

PINAGKA-

INKA-

KA-AN

-AN

SAN-

SANKA-

SANKA-AN

MA-

MAY-

MAY-EN

MANKA-, ANKA-, MANGA-

KI-AN

INKI-

KI-

NA-AN, A-AN

NI-AN

EN-

-IN-

I-

I-AN

IN-

INY-

IN-AN

Numbers

List of numbers from one to ten in English

English language

English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

, Tagalog

Tagalog language

Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV and of Metro Manila...

, Ilokano

Ilokano language

Ilokano or Ilocano is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines....

and Pangasinan.

English	Tagalog	Ilokano	Pangasinan
one	isa	maysa	sakey, isa
two	dalawa	dua	duara, dua
three	tatlo	tallo	talora, talo
four	apat	uppat	apatira, apat
five	lima	lima	limara, lima
six	anim	innem	anemira, anem
seven	pito	pito	pitora, pito
eight	walo	walo	walora, walo
nine	siyam	siam	siamira, siam
ten	sampu	sangapulo	samplora, samplo,sangapolo

Cardinal Numbers:

Pangasinan	English
isa, sakey, san-	one
dua, dua'ra (dua ira)	two
talo, -tlo, talo'ra (talo ira)	three
apat, -pat, apatira (apat ira)	four
lima, lima'ra (lima ira)	five
anem, -nem, anemira (anem ira)	six
pito, pito'ra (pito ira)	seven
walo, walo'ra (walo ira)	eight
siam, siamira (siam ira)	nine
polo, samplo (isa'n polo), samplo'ra (isa'n polo ira)	tens, ten
lasus, sanlasus (isa'n lasus)	hundreds, one hundred
libo, sakey libo	thousands, one thousand
laksa, sanlaksa (isa'n laksa), sakey a laksa	ten thousands, ten thousand

Ordinal Numbers:

Ordinal numbers are formed with prefix KUMA- (KA- plus infix -UM). Example: kumadua, second.

Associative Numbers:

Associative numbers are formed with prefix KA-. Example: katlo, third of a group of three.

Fractions:

Fraction numbers are formed with prefix KA- and an associative number. Example: kakatlo, third part.

Multiplicatives:

Multiplicative ordinal numbers are formed with prefix PI- and a cardinal number from two to four or PIN- for other numbers except for number one. Example: kaisa, first time; pidua, second time; pinlima, fifth time.

Multiplicative cardinal numbers are formed with prefix MAN- (MAMI- or MAMIN- for present or future tense, and AMI- or AMIN- for the past tense) to the corresponding multiplicative ordinal number. Example: aminsan, once; amidua, twice; mamitlo, thrice.

Distributives:

Distributive cardinal numbers are formed with prefixes SAN-, TAG-, or TUNGGAL and a cardinal number. Example: sansakey, one each; sanderua, two each.

Distributive multiplicative numbers are formed with prefix MAGSI-, TUNGGAL, or BALANGSAKEY and a multiplicative cardinal number. Example: tunggal pamidua, twice each; magsi-pamidua, each twice.

Phonology

Traditional Pangasinense has fifteen consonants: p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, w, l, r and y. There are five vowels: a, e, i, o, and u. This is one of the Philippine languages which is excluded from [ɾ]-[d] allophone. Modern Pangasinense has incorporated from English and Spanish the following seven consonants: c, f, j, q, v, x, and z.

Alphabet

Modern Pangasinense consists of 27 letters, which include the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...

and the Pangasinense letter NG:

Majuscule Forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A A A is the first letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is similar to the Ancient Greek letter Alpha, from which it derives.- Origins :...	B B B is the second letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is used to represent a variety of bilabial sounds , most commonly a voiced bilabial plosive.-History:...	C C Ĉ or ĉ is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing the sound .Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for all four of its postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets...	D D D is the fourth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.- History :The Semitic letter Dâlet may have developed from the logogram for a fish or a door. There are various Egyptian hieroglyphs that might have inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek, and Latin, the letter represented ; in the...	E E E is the fifth letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is the most commonly used letter in the Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish languages.-History:...	F F F is the sixth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The origin of ⟨f⟩ is the Semitic letter vâv that represented a sound like or . Graphically, it originally probably depicted either a hook or a club...	G G G is the seventh letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The letter 'G' was introduced in the Old Latin period as a variant of ⟨c⟩ to distinguish voiced, from voiceless, . The recorded originator of ⟨g⟩ is freedman Spurius Carvilius Ruga, the first Roman to open a fee-paying school,...	H H H .) is the eighth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The Semitic letter ⟨ח⟩ most likely represented the voiceless pharyngeal fricative . The form of the letter probably stood for a fence or posts....	I I I is the ninth letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:In Semitic, the letter may have originated in a hieroglyph for an arm that represented a voiced pharyngeal fricative in Egyptian, but was reassigned to by Semites, because their word for "arm" began with that sound...	J J Ĵ or ĵ is a letter in Esperanto orthography representing the sound .While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic...	K K K is the eleventh letter of the English and basic modern Latin alphabet.-History and usage:In English, the letter K usually represents the voiceless velar plosive; this sound is also transcribed by in the International Phonetic Alphabet and X-SAMPA....	L L Ł or ł, described in English as L with stroke, is a letter of the Polish, Kashubian, Sorbian, Łacinka , Łatynka , Wilamowicean, Navajo, Dene Suline, Inupiaq, Zuni, Hupa, and Dogrib alphabets, several proposed alphabets for the Venetian language, and the ISO 11940 romanization of the Thai alphabet...	M M M is the thirteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The letter M is derived from the Phoenician Mem, via the Greek Mu . Semitic Mem probably originally pictured water...	N N N is the fourteenth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.- History of the forms :One of the most common hieroglyphs, snake, was used in Egyptian writing to stand for a sound like English ⟨J⟩, because the Egyptian word for "snake" was djet...	NG	O O O is the fifteenth letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet.The letter was derived from the Semitic `Ayin , which represented a consonant, probably , the sound represented by the Arabic letter ع called `Ayn. This Semitic letter in its original form seems to have been inspired by a...	P P P is the sixteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.-Usage:In English and most other European languages, P is a voiceless bilabial plosive. Both initial and final Ps can be combined with many other discrete consonants in English words...	Q Q Q is the seventeenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.- History :The Semitic sound value of Qôp was , a sound common to Semitic languages, but not found in English or most Indo-European ones...	R R R is the eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The original Semitic letter may have been inspired by an Egyptian hieroglyph for tp, "head". It was used for by Semites because in their language, the word for "head" was rêš . It developed into Greek Ρ and Latin R...	S S S is the nineteenth letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.-History: Semitic Šîn represented a voiceless postalveolar fricative . Greek did not have this sound, so the Greek sigma came to represent...	T T T is the 20th letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is the most commonly used consonant and the second most common letter in the English language.- History :Taw was the last letter of the Western Semitic and Hebrew alphabets...	U U U is the twenty-first letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-History:The letter U ultimately comes from the Semitic letter Waw by way of the letter Y. See the letter Y for details....	V V V is the twenty-second letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-Letter:The letter V comes from the Semitic letter Waw, as do the modern letters F, U, W, and Y. See F for details....	W W W is the 23rd letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.In other Germanic languages, including German, its pronunciation is similar or identical to that of English V...	X X X is the twenty-fourth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet.-Uses:In mathematics, x is commonly used as the name for an independent variable or unknown value. The usage of x to represent an independent or unknown variable can be traced back to the Arabic word šay شيء = “thing,” used in Arabic...	Y Y Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet and represents either a vowel or a consonant in English.-Name:In Latin, Y was named Y Graeca "Greek Y". This was pronounced as I Graeca "Greek I", since Latin speakers had trouble pronouncing , which was not a native sound...	Z Z Z is the twenty-sixth and final letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.-Name and pronunciation:In most dialects of English, the letter's name is zed , reflecting its derivation from the Greek zeta but in American English, its name is zee , deriving from a late 17th century English dialectal...
Minuscule Forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	ng	o	p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z

Swadesh list in English and Pangasinan

English - Pangasinan

I - siak, ak
you (singular) - sika, ka
he - sikato (he/she), to
we - sikami, kami, mi, sikatayo, tayo, sikata, ta
you (plural) - sikayo, kayo, yo
they - sikara, ra
this - aya
that - aman, atan
here - dia
there - diman, ditan
who - siopa, opa, si
what - anto, a
where - iner
when - kapigan, pigan
how - pano, panon
not - ag, andi, aleg, aliwa
all - amin
many - amayamay, dakel
some - pigara (piga ira)
few - daiset, melag
other - arom
one - isa, sakey
two - dua, duara
three - talo, talora (talo ira)
four - apat, apatira (apat ira)
five - lima, limara (lima ira)
big - baleg
long - andokey
wide - maawang, malapar
thick - makapal
heavy - ambelat
small - melag, melanting, tingot, daiset
short - melag, melanting, tingot, antikey, kulang, abeba
narrow - mainget
thin - mabeng, maimpis
woman - bii
man (adult male) - laki, bolog
man (human being) - too
child - ogaw, anak, ilalak (offspring)
wife - asawa, kaamong, akolaw
husband - asawa, kaamong, masiken
mother - ina
father - ama
animal - ayep
fish - sira
bird - billit, (chick) sibong, siwsiw
chicken - manok
dog - asu
louse - kotu
nits - yels
snake - oleg
worm - biges, alumbayar
tree - kiew, tanem
forest - kakiewan, katakelan
stick - bislak, bolawit
fruit - bonga
seed - bokel
leaf - bolong
root - lamut
skin of a fruit - obak
flower - rosas
grass - dika
rope - singer, lubir, taker
skin - baog, katat
meat - laman
blood - dala
bone - pokel
fat (n.) - mataba, taba
egg - iknol
horn - saklor
tail - ikol
feather - bagu
hair - buek
head - olu
ear - layag
eye - mata
nose - eleng
mouth - sangi
tooth - ngipen
tongue - dila
fingernail - kuku
foot - sali
leg - bikking, bitking
knee - pueg
hand - lima
wing - payak
belly - eges
guts - pait
neck - beklew
back - beneg
breast - suso
chest - pagew
heart - puso
liver - altey
drink - inom
eat - mangan, akan, kamot
bite - ketket
suck - supsup, suso
spit - lutda, lupda
vomit - uta
blow - sibuk
breathe - engas, ingas, dongap, linawa
laugh - elek
see - nengneng
hear - dengel
know - amta, kabat
think - nonot
smell - angob, amoy
fear - takot, takut
sleep - ogip
life - bilay
die - onpatey, patey
kill - manpatey, pateyen
fight - laban, kolkol, bakal
hunt - managnop, anop, manerel
hit - tira, nakna, pekpek
cut - tegteg, sugat
split - pisag, puter, paldua
stab - saksak, doyok, torok
scratch - gogo, dapigas, korkor
dig - kotkot
swim - langoy
fly (v.) - tekyab
walk - akar
come - gala, gali, onsabi, sabi
lie - dokol (lie down)
prone - tikleb
sim's - diking
sit - yorong
stand - alagey
turn - liko, telek
fall - pelag
give - iter, itdan
hold - benben
squeeze - pespes
rub - kuskos, gorgor
wash - oras
wipe - punas
pull - goyor
push - tolak
throw - topak
tie - singer
sew - dait
count - bilang
say - ibaga
sing - kansyon
sound - togtog
play - galaw
float - letaw
flow - agos
freeze - kigtel
swell - larag
sun - agew, banua, ugto (noon)
moon - bulan
star - bitewen
water - danum
rain - uran
river - ilog, kalayan
lake - ilog, look
sea - dayat
salt - asin
stone - bato
sand - buer
dust - dabuk
earth - dalin
cloud - lurem
fog - kelpa
sky - tawen
wind - dagem
snow - linew
ice - pakigtel
hard - tukel
smoke - asiwek, asewek
fire - apuy, pool, dalang, sinit
ashes - dapol
burn - pool
road - dalan,(other dialects) basbas, polong
mountain - palandey
stink - ampaseng, ambanget
red - ambalanga
green - ampasiseng, pasiseng, maeta, eta
yellow - duyaw
white - amputi, puti
black - andeket, deket
night - labi
day - agew
year - taon
warm - ampetang, petang
cold - ambetel, betel
full - naksel, napno
new - balo
old - daan
good - duga, maong, abig
bad - aliwa, mauges
rotten - abolok, bolok
dirty - maringot, dingot, marutak, dutak
straight - maptek, petek
round - malimpek, limpek, tibokel
sharp - matdem, tarem
dull - epel, purel
smooth - patad
wet - ambasa, basa
dry - amaga, maga
correct - duga, tua
wrong - aliwa
near - asinger, abay
far - arawi, biek (other side)
right - kawanan
left - kawigi
at - ed
in - ed
with - iba
and - tan
if - no
because - ta, lapu ed
name - ngaran
none - anggapo
there is - wa, wala
what - anto
which - dinan
wherever - iner man
Season - panaon
rainy days - mama-oran
summer - tiagew
kneel - talimukor
i don't know - agku anta
i love you - inaro taka
i don't like you - ag taka labay
i like you - labay taka
deaf- telek
lame - piley
dumb - emel
sit - yurong
stand - alagey
eyelash - kurimatmat
teeth - ngipen
fetch - asol, man-asol
beautiful - magana
handsome- matalindeg
ugly- aliw-diwa
lier - matila
lie - tila
cry - akis
thief - matakew
steal - takew
shout - iyag
flirt - sayet, manjalteng, mantalingayet
whore - patakkok
use - usar

Orthography

The ancient people of Pangasinan used an indigenous writing system. The ancient Pangasinense script, which is related to the Tagalog

Tagalog language

Baybayin

Baybayin , is a pre-Spanish Philippine writing system. It is a member of the Brahmic family and is recorded as being in use in the 16th century...

script, was derived from the Javanese

Javanese language

Javanese language is the language of the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. In addition, there are also some pockets of Javanese speakers in the northern coast of western Java...

Kawi script of Indonesia

Indonesia

and the Vatteluttu

Vatteluttu

Vatteluttu alphabet, also spelled Vattezhuttu alphabet is an abugida writing system originating from the Tamil people of Southern India...

or Pallava

Pallava

The Pallava dynasty was a Tamil dynasty which ruled the northern Tamil Nadu region and the southern Andhra Pradesh region with their capital at Kanchipuram...

script of South India

South India

South India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area...

.

The Latin alphabet

Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...

was introduced during the Spanish

Spain

Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

colonial

Colonialism

Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a process whereby the metropole claims sovereignty over the colony and the social structure, government, and economics of the colony are changed by...

period. Pangasinan literature

Literature

Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...

, using the indigenous syllabary and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and American

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

colonial period. Pangasinense acquired many Spanish

Spanish language

Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...

and English

English language

words, and some indigenous words were Hispanicized or Anglicized. However, use of the ancient syllabary has declined, and not much literature written in it has survived.

Pangasinan Literature

Pangasinense was preserved and kept alive despite the propagation of the Spanish and English languages. Pangasinense written and oral literature flourished during the Spanish and American period. Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejía, and María C. Magsano continued to write and publish in Pangasinan. Felipe Quintos, a Pangasinense officer of the Katipunan, wrote Sipi Awaray: Gelew Diad Pilipinas (Revolución Filipina), a history of the Katipunan revolutionary struggle in Pangasinan and surrounding provinces. Narciso Corpus and Antonio Solis co-wrote Impanbilay na Manoc a Tortola, a short love story. Juan Villamil translated José Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adiós in Pangasinan. Pablo Mejia edited Tunong, a news magazine, in the 1920s. He also wrote Bilay tan Kalkalar nen Rizal, a biography of Rizal. Magsano published Silew, a literary magazine. Magsano also wrote Samban Agnabenegan, a romance novel. Pangasinan Courier published articles and literary works in Pangasinan. Pioneer Herald published Sinag, a literary supplement in Pangasinan. Many Christian publications in Pangasinense are widely available.

Many Pangasinenses are multilingual and proficient in English

English language

, Tagalog

Tagalog language

, and Ilokano

Ilokano language

Ilokano or Ilocano is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines....

, a neighboring language. However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinense. Some Pangasinenses are promoting the use of Pangasinense in the print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, and schools in Pangasinan. In April 2006, the creation of Pangasinense Wikipedia was proposed, which the Wikimedia Foundation approved for publication in the Internet.

Malinac ya Labi (Original Version)

This Pangasinense folk love song was composed by Julian Velasco.

Malinac ya Labi

Oras ya mareen

Mapalpalnay dagem

Katekep to’y linaew

Samit day koguip ko

Binangonan kon tampol

Ta pilit na pusok ya sika'y amamayoen

(Repeat)

Refrain:

Lalo la no bilay

No sikalay nanengneng

Napunas ya ami'y

Ermen ya akbibiten

No nodnonoten ko ra'y samit na ogalim

Agtaka nalingwanan

Anggad kaayos na bilay

(Repeat Refrain)

Pangasinan Folk Song: Malinak lay Labi

Malinak lay Labi

A night of calm

Oras la’y mareen

An hour of peace

Mapalpalna’y dagem

A gentle breeze

Katekep to’y linaew

Along with it is the dew

Samit da’y kugip ko

So sweet is my dream

Binangonan kon tampol

Suddenly I awake

Lapu’d say limgas mo

Because of your beauty

Sikan sika’y amamayoen

You are the only one I will love

Lalo la bilay

Best of all, my life

No sika la’y nanengne'ng

When it's you that I see

Napunas lan amin

All are wiped away

So ermen ya akbibiten

The sorrows that I bear

No nanonotan

When I remember

Ko la'y samit day ugalim

Of your sweet kindness

Ag ta ka nalingwanan

I will not forget you

Angga’d kauyos na bilay

Until life is gone

Our Father in Pangasinan

Ama mi a wala kad tawen
Nagalang so ngaran Mo
Onsabid sikami panarian Mo
Onorey linawam diad dalin onung ed tawen.
Say kanen min inagew-agew
Iter mod sikami ed agew aya
Tan paandian Mo ray utang mi
Onung na panamaandi miy kasalanan day akapankasalanan ed sikami
Tan ag Mo kami iter ed tukso
Ilaban Mo kami ed mauges. Ama mi.

List of foreign words

Most of the loan words in Pangasinan are Spanish

Spanish language

, as the Philippines was ruled by Spain for more than 300 years. Examples are lugar (place), podir (power, care), kontra (from contra, against), birdi (verde, green), ispiritu ("espíritu", spirit), and santo (holy, saint).

Dictionaries and further reading

The following is a list of some dictionaries and references:

Lorenzo Fernández Cosgaya. Diccionario pangasinán-español and Vocabulario hispano-pangasinán (Colegio de Santo Tomás, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative.
Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario castellano-pangasinán (1898).
Mariano Pellicer. Arte de la lengua pangasinán o caboloan (1904).
Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927).
Corporación de PP. Dominicos. Pasion Na Cataoan Tin JesuChristo (U.S.T. Press, 1951).
Paciencia E. Versoza. Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English (1961).
Paul Morris Schachter. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan (1968).
Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972).
Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975).
Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976).
Alta Grace Q. Garcia. Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs (1981).
Philippine Bible Society. Say Santa Biblia (Philippine Bible Society, 1982).
Philippine Bible Society. Maung A Balita Para Sayan Panaon Tayo (Philippine Bible Society and United Bible Societies, 1983).
Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993).
Church of Christ. Say Cancanta (Church of Christ, n.d.). Includes translations of English songs like "Joy to the World," and "What A Friend We Have in Jesus."
Emiliano Jovellanos. Pangasinan-English English-Pangasinan Dictionary (2002). The compilation has 20,000 entries.
Mel V. Jovellanos. Pangasinan-English English-Pangasinan Language Dictionary (Corpuz Press, Calasiao, Pangasinan, March 2007).
Traditional Folk Song. Malinak Lay Labi (Calm is the Night).

External links

Ethnologue Report for Pangasinan
Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
Sunday Punch
Sun Star Pangasinan
Pangasinan Star
Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature
Globalization killing Pangasinan language
Pangasinan language is alive and kicking (Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 8, 2007)
Dying languages
Pangasinan-Spanish Dictionary, by Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgata, published in 1865.

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Classification

Distribution

History

Sentence Structure

Personal

Affixes

Numbers

Phonology

Alphabet

Swadesh list in English and Pangasinan

Orthography

Pangasinan Literature

Malinac ya Labi (Original Version)

Pangasinan Folk Song: Malinak lay Labi

Our Father in Pangasinan

List of foreign words

Dictionaries and further reading

See also

External links