Pangasinan literature
Encyclopedia
The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages
Malayo-Polynesian languages
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. These are widely dispersed throughout the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia...

 branch of the Austronesian languages
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...

 family. Pangasinan is spoken primarily in the province of Pangasinan
Pangasinan
Pangasinan is a province of the Republic of the Philippines. The provincial capital is Lingayen. Pangasinan is located on the west central and peripheral area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf, with the total land area being 5,368.82 square kilometers . According to the latest census,...

 in the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon
Luzon
Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines. It is located in the northernmost region of the archipelago, and is also the name for one of the three primary island groups in the country centered on the Island of Luzon...

 along the Lingayen Gulf
Lingayen Gulf
The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines stretching . It is framed by the provinces of Pangasinan and La Union and sits between the Zambales Mountains and the Cordillera Central...

.

History

The earliest known written records in the Pangasinan language were written in the ancient Pangasinan script, a writing system related to the Tagalog
Tagalog language
Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV and of Metro Manila...

 Baybayin
Baybayin
Baybayin , is a pre-Spanish Philippine writing system. It is a member of the Brahmic family and is recorded as being in use in the 16th century...

 script and the Javanese
Javanese script
The Javanese alphabet, natively known as Hanacaraka or Carakan , known by the Sundanese people as Cacarakan is the pre-colonial script used to write the Javanese language....

 Kavi
Kavi
Kavi may refer to:*Kavi is a Sanskrit term for thinker, intelligent man, man of understanding, leader; a wise man, sage, seer, prophet; a singer, bard, poet, and is applied to:...

 script. The Pangasinan script, like the other writing systems used in ancient Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...

 were probably influenced by the Brahmi
Brāhmī script
Brāhmī is the modern name given to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of scripts. The best-known Brāhmī inscriptions are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka in north-central India, dated to the 3rd century BCE. These are traditionally considered to be early known examples of Brāhmī writing...

 script of ancient India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 and originated from the Sumer
Sumer
Sumer was a civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern Iraq during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age....

ian cuneiform script
Cuneiform script
Cuneiform script )) is one of the earliest known forms of written expression. Emerging in Sumer around the 30th century BC, with predecessors reaching into the late 4th millennium , cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs...

 that was used in the ancient land of Sumer
Sumer
Sumer was a civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern Iraq during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age....

 in Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a toponym for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran.Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the...

 where the earliest known written records were found.

The Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...

 was introduced after the Spanish conquest of Pangasinan in 1571. During the Spanish colonial period, the use of the Latin alphabet became more widespread. Most of the existing literary works in the Pangasinan language are written in the Latin alphabet.

Pangasinan Literary Terms

  • academy - awiran
  • biography - awaran-dili, bilay-awaran
  • chapter - tekap
  • criticism - palikuer
  • diary - talaagewan
  • edit - saluysoy
  • elegy - tagleey
  • essay - salaysay
  • fiction - diglat
  • history - awaran
  • legend - uliran
  • literary contest - paliagan
  • literature - kuritan
  • maxim - diparan
  • meter - daglit
  • music - laineng
  • myth - gawaran
  • narrative - tongtong, salaysay
  • novel - kombilay
  • ode - dayew
  • page - egpang
  • poem - anlong
  • poet - umaanlong
  • poetic - maanlong
  • poetry - anlong
  • poetry reading - anlongan
  • preface - pasingayew
  • print - igalut
  • proverb - diparan
  • rhyme - mitatanol
  • riddle - pabitla, bonikew
  • serenade - petek
  • song - dangoan, kansion
  • story - tagaumen, tongtong
  • syllable - kataga
  • tale - tongtong


Ancient Pangasinan literature includes the tongtong, uliran, diparan, and pabitla.
Tongtong: Pangasinan Stories
Dangoan/Kansion/Togtog: Pangasinan Songs
Uliran: Pangasinan Myths and Legends
Diparan: Pangasinan Sayings and Proverbs
Pabitla/Bonikew: Pangasinan Riddles

Pangasinan Literature Index

Pangasinan Fiction
  • Leonarda C. Carrera. Matuan panangaro. (Dagupan City: Amor Cico, 1983).
  • Maria C. Magsano. Colegiala Dolores. Komaduan tomo. (Dagupan City: Pangasinan Review Press, 1950).
  • Maria C. Magsano. Duksay Kapalaran. (Dagupan City: Pangasinan Review Press, 1959).
  • Maria c. Magsano. Duksay Kapalaran. Nankaduan libro, 1st Ed. (Dagupan City: Pangasinan Review Press, 1959).
  • Maria C. Magsano. Samban Agnabenegan: sakey a kombilay. (Dagupan City: Pangasinan Review Press, 1954).
  • Emmanuel S. Sison. Tales from the Land of Salt - A glimpse into the history and the rich folklores of Pangasinan. (Makati City: Elmyrs Publishing House, November 2005).
  • Emmanuel S. Sison. More Tales from the Land of Salt - Continuing the saga of the Salt People. (Makati City: Elmyrs Publishing House, December 2006).
  • Juan C. Villamil. Diad Lawak na bilay. (Dagupan City: J.C. Villamil, 1978).
  • Juan C. Villamil. Siak tan sika. (Dagupan City, 1978).


Pangasinan Poetry
  • Santiago B. Villafania. Malagilion: Sonnets tan Villanelles. (Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino & Emilio Aguinaldo College, 2007).
  • Santiago B. Villafania. Balikas ed Caboloan. (Manila: National Commission for the Culture and the Arts, 2005).
  • Santiago B. Villafania. Pinabli tan arum ni'ran Anlong. (Dagupan City: S. B. Villafania, 2003).


Pangasinan Christian Literature
  • A collection of 49 sermons. (Madrid, 1851). 297 pages.
  • A collection of 119 sermons. (Dominican Fathers, 1858). 769 pages.
  • Pasion. (1855).
  • A catechism. (1869). 116 pages.
  • St. Antonio Ma. Claret (Fr. Agustin Gallego, O.P., translator). Dalan a Maptek. A prayer book. 528 pages.
  • Fr. Agustin Gallego, O.P. Visits of St. Ligorio.
  • Fr. Mazo (Fr. Salvador Millan, O.P., translator). Catecismo na Doktrina Cristiana. 846 pages.
  • St. Alfonso Ligorio (Fr. Salvador Millan, O.P., translator). El Libro del Pueblo o Bangat iran nipaakad ed saray samploran Ganggay Dios. 355 pages.
  • St. Alfonso Ligorio (Fr. Benito Sanchez Fraga, O.P., translator). The Glories of Mary
    The Glories of Mary
    The Glories of Mary is a classic book in the field of Roman Catholic Mariology, written during the 18th century by Saint Alphonsus Liguori, a Doctor of the Church....

    .
  • St. Pius X (Fr. Feliciano Martin, O.P., translator). Catechism.
  • Fr. Mariano Rodriguez. A history of Our Lady of Manawag. 428 pages.
  • Fr. Mariano Rodriguez. A translation of Sunday gospels. 223 pages.
  • Holy Bible. (Spanish Bible of De Valera. Published by American Bible Society, 1924).
  • Fr. Evaristo Soriano, translator. Pangalig ed Kristo (Imitation of Christ).
  • Fr. F. Martin, O.P. Antikey a Katesismo. 209 pages.
  • Agamil tan Bangat na Kristyano Katoliko.

Pangasinan Usage, Grammar, Dictionaries

  • Lorenzo Fernández Cosgaya. Diccionario pangasinán-español and Vocabulario hispano-pangasinán (Colegio de Santo Tomás, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative.
  • Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario castellano-Pangasinán. 2nd. ed. (Manila: Tipografia Amigos del pais, 1898).
  • Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario hispano-Pangasinan. 3rd ed. (Manila: Imp. Fajardo y C. al., 1904).
  • Mariano Pellicer. Arte de la lengua pangasinán o caboloan (1904).
  • A. Rayner. Gramatica Pangasinan. (Methodist Mission). 70 pages.
  • S. A. Pobre. Vocabulario Ilokano-Castellano-English-Pangasinan. 100 pages.
  • Jose F. Llamas. Pocket Dictionary English-Tagalog-Spanish-Pangasinan. (PBC). 249 pages.
  • Cenon Garcia. Diccionario Ingles-Espanol-Ilocano-Pangasinan. 273 pages.
  • Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927).
  • H. Yamamoto. Diccionario. (Honolulu, Hawaii, 1929).
  • Pablo Jacobo Enriquez. Pocket Dictionary: English-Tagalog-Spanish-Pangasinan vocabulary. (Manila: Philippine Book Company, 1952).
  • Iluminada M. Magno. A critical study of the zarzuelas in Pangasinan of Catalino Palisoc. (1954).
  • Paciencia E. Versoza. Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English (1961).
  • Isabel Roxas Mendoza. Aspect in English and Pangasinan verbs: a contrastive analysis. (1965).
  • Paul Morris Schachter. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan (1968).
  • Fidel de Amurrio, Rev. Pangasinan grammar. (Bugallon, Pangasinan: Rev. Fidel de Amurrio, 1970).
  • Belen Parayno Magat. Case and number in English and in Pangasinan: contrastive analysis. (Quezon City, 1970).
  • Revocata A. Fernandes. A survey of the dialect geography of six towns of Pangasinan: Bautista, Pozorrubio, Dagupan City, Lingayen, Alaminos, Mangatarem. (Quezon City: s.n., 1970).
  • Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
  • Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
  • Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).
  • Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972).
  • Adela Marzo Quizon. Tagalog-Pangasinan cognate words with identical and different meanings. (Manila: Institute of National Language, 1972).
  • Anastacio Austra Macaraeg. Vocabulario hispano-pangasinan. (Quezon City: University of the Philippines Library, 1975).
  • Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975).
  • Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (National Bookstore, 1976).
  • Juan C. Villamil. Public Speaking, sales talk and proverbs in Pangasinan: English-Pangasinan dictionary: Official and professional directory. (Dagupan City: Maramba Press, 1976).
  • Roman Maria de Bera. Gramatica Pangasinan: entresacada de varias anteriores y de otros libros. (Quezon City: University of the Philippines Library, 1979).
  • Alta Grace Q. Garcia. Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs (1981).
  • Rosa Maria Magsano. Urduja beleaguered and other essays on Pangasinan language, literature and culture. (Manila: Kalikasan Press, 1992).
  • Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993).
  • Camilo Olaviano Osias. Babasaey ombaley: onan aralen. H. Caniza tan Antonio Ramos. (Quezon City: University of the Philippines Diliman Library, 1998).
  • Mel V. Jovellanos. A Pangasinan-English, English-Pangasinan Language Dictionary (Dagupan City: Jubeic Publishing, 2002). The compilation has 20,000 entries.
  • Mel V. Jovellanos. Pangasinan-English English-Pangasinan Language Dictionary, includes Dagupan City Handbook. (Calasiao, Pangasinan: Corpuz Press, March 2007)

See also

  • Pangasinan
    Pangasinan
    Pangasinan is a province of the Republic of the Philippines. The provincial capital is Lingayen. Pangasinan is located on the west central and peripheral area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf, with the total land area being 5,368.82 square kilometers . According to the latest census,...

  • Pangasinan people
    Pangasinan people
    The Pangasinan are the eighth largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. They are the residents or indigenous peoples of the Province of Pangasinan, one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines, located on the west central area in the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf...

  • Pangasinan language
    Pangasinan language
    The Pangasinan language or Pangasinense is one of the twelve major languages in the Philippines....

  • Philippines
    Philippines
    The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

  • Philippine Literature in Filipino
    Philippine Literature in Filipino
    -Notable Literary Works in Philippine languages:Florante at Laura, by Francisco Balagtas.-Availability of literature in Filipino outside of the Philippines:...

    links to literatures of other Philippine languages

External links

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