Outline of culture
Encyclopedia
The following Wikipedia Outline is provided as an overview and content index to culture
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Culture
Culture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
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Nature of culture
- Main article: CultureCultureCulture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
- CivilizationCivilizationCivilization is a sometimes controversial term that has been used in several related ways. Primarily, the term has been used to refer to the material and instrumental side of human cultures that are complex in terms of technology, science, and division of labor. Such civilizations are generally...
– - CommunityCommunityThe term community has two distinct meanings:*a group of interacting people, possibly living in close proximity, and often refers to a group that shares some common values, and is attributed with social cohesion within a shared geographical location, generally in social units larger than a household...
– - Ethnic groupEthnic groupAn ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...
– - PeoplePeoplePeople is a plurality of human beings or other beings possessing enough qualities constituting personhood. It has two usages:* as the plural of person or a group of people People is a plurality of human beings or other beings possessing enough qualities constituting personhood. It has two usages:*...
– - Group lifestyle –
- SocietySocietyA society, or a human society, is a group of people related to each other through persistent relations, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or virtual territory, subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations...
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Elements of culture
- The ArtsThe artsThe arts are a vast subdivision of culture, composed of many creative endeavors and disciplines. It is a broader term than "art", which as a description of a field usually means only the visual arts. The arts encompass visual arts, literary arts and the performing arts – music, theatre, dance and...
–- Fine arts
- Gastronomy
- Cooking –
- Food and drink
- Cuisine –
- Literature –
- Fiction –
- Poetry –
- Critical theory –
- Gastronomy
- Visual arts –
- Architecture – art and science of designing buildingBuildingIn architecture, construction, engineering, real estate development and technology the word building may refer to one of the following:...
s. - Crafts – activities and hobbies that are related to making things with one's hands and skill.
- Drawing – visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium. As a verb, it is the act of making marks on a surface so as to create an image, form or shape. As a noun, it is the image produced, or the visual art form itself.
- FilmOutline of filmThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to film:Film – refers to motion pictures as individual projects and to the field in general. The name came from the fact that photographic film has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion...
– also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects. The process of filmmaking has developed into an art form and industry. - Painting – the practice of applying paintPaintPaint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. One may also consider the digital mimicry thereof...
, pigmentPigmentA pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light.Many materials selectively absorb...
, colorColorColor or colour is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, green, blue and others. Color derives from the spectrum of light interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors...
or other medium to a surfaceSurfaceIn mathematics, specifically in topology, a surface is a two-dimensional topological manifold. The most familiar examples are those that arise as the boundaries of solid objects in ordinary three-dimensional Euclidean space R3 — for example, the surface of a ball...
(support base) with a brushBrushA brush is a tool with bristles, wire or other filaments, used for cleaning, grooming hair, make up, painting, surface finishing and for many other purposes. It is one of the most basic and versatile tools known to mankind, and the average household may contain several dozen varieties...
or other objects. The term describes both the act and the result of the action. - Photography –
- Sculpture –
- Architecture – art and science of designing building
- Performing arts –
- Dance –
- FilmOutline of filmThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to film:Film – refers to motion pictures as individual projects and to the field in general. The name came from the fact that photographic film has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion...
– - Music –
- Opera –
- Theatre –
- Fine arts
- Celebration
- FestivalsOutline of festivalsThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to festivals:Festival celebration that focuses upon a theme, and may run for hours to weeks. The theme of a festival might be an area of interest such as art, or an aspect of the community in which the festival is being held,...
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- Festivals
- Entertainment –
- Fiction –
- Games –
- SportsOutline of sportsThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sports:Sport – a physical activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively, sports can be played on land, in water and in the air....
–- BasketballOutline of basketballThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to basketball:Basketball – ball game and team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
– - CricketOutline of cricketThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cricket:Cricket – a bat-and-ball team sport. Many variations exist, with its most popular form played on an oval-shaped outdoor arena known as a cricket field at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch...
– - Martial arts –
- MotorcyclingOutline of motorcycles and motorcyclingThe following outline is provided as an overview of motorcycles and motorcycling:Motorcycle – single-track, engine-powered, two-wheeled motor vehicle...
– - TennisOutline of tennisThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to tennis:Tennis – sport usually played between two players or between two teams of two players each...
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- Basketball
- Language –
- PoliticsOutline of political scienceThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to politics:Politics – process by which groups of people make collective decisions...
– - Religion –
- Traditions –
Cultures by aspect
- Bicycle cultureBicycle cultureBicycle culture can refer to a mainstream culture that supports the use of bicycles or to a subculture. Although "bike culture" is often used to refer to various forms of associated fashion, it is erroneous to call fashion in and of itself a culture....
– a culture that supports, encourages, and has high bicycle usage - Consumer culture – a society based on consumerism
- High context cultureHigh context cultureHigh context culture and the contrasting "low context culture" are terms presented by the anthropologist Edward T. Hall in his 1976 book Beyond Culture. It refers to a culture's tendency to use high context messages over low context messages in routine communication...
– a culture with the tendency use high context messages, resulting in catering towards in-groups - Horse cultureHorse cultureThe term "Horse culture" is used to define a tribal group or community whose day to day life revolves around the herding and breeding of horses...
– a community whose day to day life revolves around the herding and breeding of horses - Low context cultureLow context cultureLow context culture and the contrasting "high context culture" are terms presented by the anthropologist Edward T. Hall in his book Beyond Culture. Low context culture refers to a culture’s tendency not to cater towards in-groups...
– culture with a tendency not to cater towards in-groups - Remix cultureRemix cultureRemix culture is a term used to describe a society which allows and encourages derivative works. Remix is defined as combining or editing existing materials to produce a new product. A Remix Culture would be, by default, permissive of efforts to improve upon, change, integrate, or otherwise remix...
– a society which allows and encourages derivative workDerivative workIn United States copyright law, a derivative work is an expressive creation that includes major, copyright-protected elements of an original, previously created first work .-Definition:...
s - Participatory cultureParticipatory cultureParticipatory culture is a neologism in reference of, but opposite to a Consumer culture — in other words a culture in which private persons do not act as consumers only, but also as contributors or producers . The term is most often applied to the production or creation of some type of published...
– a culture in which private persons (the public) do not act as consumers only, but also as contributors or producers (prosumers – ) - Permission culturePermission culturePermission culture is a term often employed by Lawrence Lessig and other copyright activists to describe a society in which copyright restrictions are pervasive and enforced to the extent that any and all uses of copyrighted works need to be explicitly leased...
– a society in which copyright restrictions are pervasive and enforced to the extent that any and all uses of copyrighted works need to be explicitly leased - Primitive culturePrimitive cultureIn older anthropology texts and discussions, the term "primitive culture" is used to refer to a society that is believed to lack cultural, technological, or economic sophistication/development...
– a community that lacks major signs of economic development or modernity
Cultural cross-sections
- Children's cultureChildren's cultureChildren's culture can be defined in a great number of ways and can be a broad category. In recent times the study of children's cultural artifacts, children's media and literature and the myths and discourses spun around the notion of childhood have all come under scrutiny within academia,...
– cultural phenomena pertaining to children- Children's street cultureChildren's street cultureChildren's street culture refers to the cumulative culture created by young children. Collectively, this body of knowledge is passed down from one generation of urban children to the next, and can also be passed between different groups of children . It is most common in children between the ages...
– cumulative culture created by young children
- Children's street culture
- Coffee cultureCoffee cultureCoffee culture describes a social atmosphere or series of associated social behaviors that depends heavily upon coffee, particularly as a social lubricant. The term also refers to the diffusion and adoption of coffee as a widely consumed stimulant by a culture...
– social atmosphere or series of associated social behaviors that depends heavily upon coffeeCoffeeCoffee is a brewed beverage with a dark,init brooo acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially called coffee beans. The beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in equatorial Latin America, Southeast Asia,...
– , particularly as a social lubricant – - Culture of capitalism – the lifestyle of the people living within a capitalist society, and the effects of a global or national capitalist economy on a population
- DIY culture – refers to a wide range of elements in non-mainstream society, such as grassroots political and social activism, independent music, art, and film
- Dominant cultureDominant cultureThe dominant culture in a society refers to the established language, religion, behavior, values, rituals, and social customs. These traits are often the norm for the society as a whole...
– the established language, religion, behavior, values, rituals, and social customs of a society - Drinking cultureDrinking cultureDrinking culture refers to the customs and practices associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Although alcoholic beverages and social attitudes toward drinking vary around the world, nearly every civilization has independently discovered the processes of brewing beer, fermenting...
– the customs and practices of people who drink alcoholic beverages - Folk cultureFolk cultureFolk culture refers to the lifestyle of a culture. Historically, handed down through oral tradition, it demonstrates the "old ways" over novelty and relates to a sense of community. Folk culture is quite often imbued with a sense of place...
– traditional culture; traditional cultural traits of a community - Low cultureLow cultureLow culture is a term for some forms of popular culture. Its opposite is high culture. It has been said by culture theorists that both high culture and low culture are subcultures....
– - High cultureHigh cultureHigh culture is a term, now used in a number of different ways in academic discourse, whose most common meaning is the set of cultural products, mainly in the arts, held in the highest esteem by a culture...
– - Official cultureOfficial cultureOfficial culture is the culture that receives social legitimation or institutional support in a given society. Official culture is usually identified with bourgeoisie culture...
– - Political culturePolitical culturePolitical culture is the traditional orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, affecting their perceptions of political legitimacy.Conceptions...
–- Civic political culture –
- Popular culturePopular culturePopular culture is the totality of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, memes, images and other phenomena that are deemed preferred per an informal consensus within the mainstream of a given culture, especially Western culture of the early to mid 20th century and the emerging global mainstream of the...
– totality of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, memes, images and other phenomena that permeate the everyday lives of a given society, especially those heavily influenced by mass media. - Print culturePrint culturePrint culture embodies all forms of printed text and other printed forms of visual communication. One prominent scholar in the field is Elizabeth Eisenstein, who contrasted print culture, which appeared in Europe in the centuries after the advent of the Western printing-press , to scribal culture...
– - Safety cultureSafety cultureSafety culture is a term used to describe the way in which safety is managed in the workplace, and often reflects "the attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and values that employees share in relation to safety" .-Defining safety culture:...
– the way in which safety is managed in the workplace, which often reflects "the attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and values that employees share in relation to safety." - Tea cultureTea cultureTea culture is defined by the way tea is made and consumed, by the way the people interact with tea, and by the aesthetics surrounding tea drinking, it includes aspects of: tea production, tea brewing, tea arts and ceremony, society, history, health, ethics, education, and communication and media...
– - Trash cultureTrash cultureTrash culture is a term for some aspects of modern culture in the UK and USA that peaked in the 1990s and 2000s. The term is used for labeling the cultural by-products of modernism with barbarism and injustice.-Overview:...
– - Urban cultureUrban cultureUrban culture is the culture of towns and cities. In the United States, Urban culture may also sometimes be used as a euphemistic reference to contemporary African American culture.- African American culture :...
– - Vernacular cultureVernacular cultureVernacular culture is a term used in the modern study of geography and cultural studies. It refers to cultural forms made and organised by ordinary, indigenous people for their own pleasure, in modern societies...
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Types of subcultures
- Alternative cultureAlternative cultureAlternative culture is a type of culture that exists outside or on the fringes of mainstream or popular culture, usually under the domain of one or more subcultures...
– exists outside or on the fringes of mainstream or popular culture, usually under the domain of one or more subcultures. - CountercultureCountercultureCounterculture is a sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a cultural group, or subculture, that run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of political opposition. Counterculture can also be described as a group whose behavior...
– - Oppositional cultureOppositional cultureOppositional culture is a term that describes subcultures who consciously reject mainstream values and norms. The term is most often used by sociologists who study education, such as John Ogbu....
– - Security cultureSecurity cultureA security culture is a set of customs shared by a community whose members may engage in illegal or sensitive activities, the practice of which minimizes the risks of such activities being subverted, or targeted for sabotage...
– - Underground culture (disambiguation) –
Specific subcultures
- Association football culture –
- Cycling subcultureBicycle cultureBicycle culture can refer to a mainstream culture that supports the use of bicycles or to a subculture. Although "bike culture" is often used to refer to various forms of associated fashion, it is erroneous to call fashion in and of itself a culture....
– - Deaf cultureDeaf cultureDeaf culture describes the social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values and shared institutions of communities that are affected by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. When used as a cultural label, the word deaf is often written with a...
– social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values and shared institutions of communities that are affected by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. When used as a cultural label, the word "deaf" is often written with a capital D, and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. - Ethical CultureEthical CultureThe Ethical movement, also referred to as the Ethical Culture movement or simply Ethical Culture, is an ethical, educational, and religious movement that is usually traced back to Felix Adler...
– - Gun CultureGun cultureThe gun culture is a culture shared by people in the gun politics debate, generally those who advocate preserving gun rights and who are generally against more gun control...
– - LGBT cultureLGBT cultureLGBT culture, is the common culture shared by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people. It is sometimes also referred to as Queer culture. The term gay culture, though not synonymous, is sometimes also used though this may also apply specifically to the culture of homosexual men.LGBT...
– - Modern juggling cultureModern juggling cultureSince the late 1980s, a large juggling culture has developed, revolving around local clubs and organizations, special events, shows, magazines, video sharing websites, Internet forums, competitions and juggling conventions...
– - Surf cultureSurf cultureSurf culture includes the people, language, fashion and life surrounding the art of surfing.The culture began early in the 20th century, spread quickly during the 1950s and 1960s, and continues to evolve. It affected fashion, music, literature, films, jargon, and more...
– - Video game culture –
Area studies
- Classical studies –
- Sinology –
Cultures by ethnicity or ethnic sphere
- Western cultureWestern cultureWestern culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization or European civilization, refers to cultures of European origin and is used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, religious beliefs, political systems, and specific artifacts and...
–- Anglo America –
- Latin American cultureLatin American cultureLatin American culture is the formal or informal expression of the peoples of Latin America, and includes both high culture and popular culture as well as religion and other customary practices....
– - AnglosphereAnglosphereAnglosphere is a neologism which refers to those nations with English as the most common language. The term can be used more specifically to refer to those nations which share certain characteristics within their cultures based on a linguistic heritage, through being former British colonies...
– - African American cultureAfrican American cultureAfrican-American culture, also known as black culture, in the United States refers to the cultural contributions of Americans of African descent to the culture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from American culture. The distinct identity of African-American culture is rooted in...
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- IndosphereIndosphereIndosphere is a subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman languages as defined by linguist James Matisoff, which includes languages that are typologically and morphologically a closeness to Indo-Aryan languages...
– - SinosphereSinosphereIn areal linguistics, Sinosphere refers to a grouping of countries and regions that are currently inhabited with a majority of Chinese population or were historically under Chinese cultural influence...
– - Islamic culture –
- Arab culture –
- Tibetan cultureTibetan cultureTibetan culture developed under the influence of a number of factors. Contact with neighboring countries and cultures- including Nepal, India and China - have influenced the development of Tibetan culture, but the Himalayan region's remoteness and inaccessibility have preserved distinctive local...
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Cultures of continents and major geopolitical regions
- (non-continents are italicized)
- Culture of AfricaCulture of AfricaThe culture of Africa encompasses and includes all cultures within the continent of Africa. There is a political or racial split between North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa, which is in turn divided into a great number of ethnic cultures...
- Culture of Antarctica
- Culture of AsiaCulture of AsiaThe culture of Asia is human civilization in Asia. It features different kinds of cultural heritage of many nationalities, societies, and ethnic groups in the region, traditionally called a continent from a Western-centric perspective, of Asia...
- Culture of EuropeCulture of EuropeThe culture of Europe might better be described as a series of overlapping cultures. Whether it is a question of North as opposed to South; West as opposed to East; Orthodoxism as opposed to Protestantism as opposed to Catholicism as opposed to Secularism; many have claimed to identify cultural...
- Culture of North America
- Culture of Oceania
- Culture of AustraliaCulture of AustraliaThe culture of Australia is essentially a Western culture influenced by the unique geography of the Australian continent and by the diverse input of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and various waves of multi-ethnic migration which followed the British colonisation of Australia...
- Culture of Australia
- Culture of South AmericaCulture of South AmericaThe Cultures of South America draw on diverse cultural traditions. These include the native cultures of the peoples that inhabited the continents prior to the arrival of the Europeans; European cultures, brought mainly by the Spanish, the Portuguese and the French; African cultures, whose presence...
Cultures by political divisions of the World
(arranged by continent or major geopolitical region)Cultures of Africa
- West Africa
- Culture of Benin
- Culture of Burkina FasoCulture of Burkina FasoThe culture of Burkina Faso in West Africa is also called the Burkinabé culture.Two key elements of culture in Burkina Faso are its indigenous masks and dancing. The masks used in this region of the western Sahel are made for rites of sacrifice to gods and animal spirits in the villages...
- Culture of Cape VerdeCulture of Cape VerdeThe culture of Cape Verde features literature including Claridade, Negrume and others and writers including Sergio Frusoni, Manuel Lopes, Ovídio Martins and more. The culture also has music proprieties including morna, funaná, coladera, tabanka and more...
- Culture of Côte d'IvoireCulture of Côte d'IvoireThe culture of Côte d'Ivoire is ethnically diverse. More than sixty indigenous ethnic groups are often cited, although this number may be reduced to seven clusters of ethnic groups by classifying small units together on the basis of common cultural and historical characteristics...
- Culture of the Gambia
- Culture of GhanaCulture of Ghana|*Art*Languages of Ghana*Cuisine*Literature**List of writers from Ghana*Music*Public holidays*MediaGhana is a country of 24 million people comprising over 60 ethnic groups. Fifty two major languages and hundreds of dialects are spoken in Ghana, and English, the official language of Ghana, is spoken...
- Culture of Guinea
- Culture of Guinea-Bissau
- Culture of LiberiaCulture of LiberiaThe culture of Liberia reflects this nation's diverse ethnicities and long history. Liberia is located in West Africa on the Atlantic Coast.-Music:...
- Culture of MaliCulture of MaliThe Culture of Mali derives from the shared experience as a colonial and post-colonial polity, and the interaction of the numerous cultures which make up the Malian people. What is today the nation of Mali was united first in the medieval period as the Mali Empire...
- Culture of Mauritania
- Culture of NigerCulture of NigerThe culture of Niger is marked by variation, evidence of the cultural crossroads which French colonialism formed into a unified state from the beginning of the 20th century...
- Culture of NigeriaCulture of NigeriaThe culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic groups. The country has over 50 languages and over 250 dialects and ethnic groups...
- Culture of Senegal
- Culture of Sierra Leone
- Culture of TogoCulture of TogoTogo's culture reflects the influences of its 37 tribal ethnic groups, the largest and most influential of which are the Ewe, Mina, and Kabre. French is the official language of Togo, but many native African languages are spoken there as well...
- North Africa
- Culture of AlgeriaCulture of AlgeriaThe culture of Algeria encompasses the development of literature, music, religion and cuisine.-Literature:Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic and French,and has been strongly influenced by the country's recent history. Known poets in modern Algeria are Mufdi Zakaria, Mohammed al Aid in...
- Culture of EgyptCulture of EgyptThe culture of Egypt has thousands of years of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations. For millennia, Egypt maintained a strikingly complex and stable culture that influenced later cultures of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. After the Pharaonic era, Egypt itself...
- Culture of LibyaCulture of Libya- Literature :Libyan literature has its roots in antiquity, but contemporary Libyan writing draws on a variety of influences.Libyan poet Khaled Mattawa remarks:...
- Culture of Mauritania
- Culture of MoroccoCulture of MoroccoMorocco is a country of multi-ethnic groups with a rich culture, civilization, and etiquette. Through Moroccan history, Morocco hosted many people in addition to the indigenous Berbers, coming from both East , South and North . All of which have had an impact on the social structure of Morocco...
- Culture of SudanCulture of SudanSudanese culture melds the behaviors, practices, and beliefs of about 578 tribes, communicating in 145 different languages, in a region microcosmic of Africa, with geographic extremes varying from sandy desert to tropical forest.-Ethnicity:...
- Culture of TunisiaCulture of TunisiaThe culture of Tunisia is a product of more than three thousand years of history and an important multi-ethnic influx. Ancient Tunisia was a major civilization crossing through history; different cultures, civilizations and multiple successive dynasties contributed to the culture of the country...
- Culture of Western SaharaCulture of Western SaharaThe people of Western Sahara speak the Ḥassānīya dialect of Arabic, also spoken in northern Mauritania. They are of mixed Arab-Berber descent, but many consider themselves Arab. They claim that they descend from the Beni Hassan, an Arab tribe, who invaded the Western Sharan desert in the 14th...
- Culture of Algeria
- Central Africa
- Culture of AngolaCulture of AngolaThe culture of Angola is influenced by several ethnicities which shaped the country. Portugal occupied the coastal enclave Luanda, and later also Benguela, since the 16th/17th centuries, occupied the territory of what today in the 19th/20th centuries, and ruled it until 1975. Both countries share...
- Culture of BurundiCulture of BurundiThe culture of Burundi is based on local tradition and the influence of its neighbors, though its prominence has been hindered by civil unrest.-Music:...
- Culture of CameroonCulture of Cameroon-Holidays:Notable holidays in Cameroon include:Christian: Good Friday, Easter Sunday, and Easter MondayMuslim: 'Id al-Fitr and 'Id al-AdhaMain holidaysDateEnglish NameJanuary 1New Year's DayFebruary 11National Youth DayMay 1Labor Day...
- Culture of the Central African Republic
- Culture of Chad
- Culture of the Democratic Republic of the CongoCulture of the Democratic Republic of the CongoThe culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo reflects much of the diversity of its hundreds of ethnic groups and their differing ways of life throughout the country—from the mouth of the River Congo on the coast, upriver through the rainforest and savanna in its centre, to the more densely...
- Culture of Equatorial GuineaCulture of Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea's culture on the mainland is heavily entrenched in ancient rituals and songs. This is especially true for the Fang while on the capital island of Bioko has largely been influenced by Spanish customs and traditions during the colonial period...
- Culture of GabonCulture of Gabon-Music:Gabonese music is little-known in comparison with regional giants like the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon. The country boasts an array of folk styles, as well as pop stars like Patience Dabany and Annie Flore Batchiellilys, a Gabonese singer and renowned live...
- Culture of the Republic of the Congo
- Culture of RwandaCulture of RwandaThe culture of Rwanda is varied. Unlike many countries in Africa, Rwanda has been a unified state since pre-colonial times with only one ethnic group, the Banyarwanda, and a shared language and cultural heritage. Eleven regular national holidays are observed throughout the year, with others...
- Culture of São Tomé and Príncipe
- Culture of Angola
- East Africa
- Culture of BurundiCulture of BurundiThe culture of Burundi is based on local tradition and the influence of its neighbors, though its prominence has been hindered by civil unrest.-Music:...
- Culture of Comoros
- Culture of DjiboutiCulture of DjiboutiThe culture of the Republic of Djibouti is ethnically diverse, due to its strategic location at a crossroads of trade and commerce. Its population consists of 793,000 citizens. Sixty percent are Somali; thirty-five percent are Afar; and French, Arab, and other minorities make up the remaining five...
- Culture of EritreaCulture of EritreaThe culture of Eritrea has been largely shaped by its location on the Red Sea coast, as well as the area's historic links with Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Sudan, the Near East and Italy...
- Culture of EthiopiaCulture of EthiopiaEthiopian culture is multi-faceted, reflecting the ethnic diversity of the country; refer the articles on the Ethnic groups of Ethiopia for details of each group.Among many traditional customs, respect is important...
- Culture of KenyaCulture of KenyaKenya has no single culture that identifies it. With such diverse regional peoples such as the Swahili along the coast, several pastoralist communities mainly in the North and the different communities in Central and Western regions, having a mutually acceptable cultural identification is...
- Culture of Madagascar
- Culture of Malawi
- Culture of MauritiusCulture of MauritiusThe culture of Mauritius involves the blending of several cultures from Mauritius' history, as well as individual culture arising indigenously.- Mauritian public holidays and festivals :...
- Culture of MozambiqueCulture of Mozambique-People:Ethnic Groups: Makhuwa, Tsonga, Makonde, Shangaan, Shona, Sena, Ndau, and other indigenous groups, and approximately 10,000 Europeans, 35,000 Euro-Africans, and 15,000 South Asians....
- Culture of RwandaCulture of RwandaThe culture of Rwanda is varied. Unlike many countries in Africa, Rwanda has been a unified state since pre-colonial times with only one ethnic group, the Banyarwanda, and a shared language and cultural heritage. Eleven regular national holidays are observed throughout the year, with others...
- Culture of Seychelles
- Culture of SomaliaCulture of SomaliaThe culture of Somalia is an amalgamation of traditions indigenously developed or accumulated over a timeline spanning several millennia of Somali civilization's interaction with neighbouring and far away civilizations such as Ethiopia, Yemen, India and Persia....
- Culture of TanzaniaCulture of Tanzania-Languages:A total of 128 languages are spoken in Tanzania, most of them from the Bantu family. After independence, the government recognized that this represented a problem for national unity, and as a result introduced the Swahili language into all primary schools to spread its use...
- Culture of UgandaCulture of UgandaThe culture of Uganda is made up of a diverse range of ethnic groups. Lake Kyoga forms the northern boundary for the Bantu-speaking peoples, who dominate much of east, central and southern Africa. In Uganda they include the Baganda and several other tribes. In the north live the Lango and the...
- Culture of Zambia
- Culture of ZimbabweCulture of ZimbabweZimbabwe has many different cultures which may include beliefs and ceremonies, one of them being Shona. Zimbabwe's largest ethnic group is Shona. The Shona people have many sculptures and carvings of gods which are made with the finest materials available....
- Culture of Burundi
- Southern Africa
- Culture of BotswanaCulture of BotswanaBesides referring to the language of the dominant people groups in Botswana, Setswana is the adjective used to describe the rich cultural traditions of the Batswana - whether construed as members of the Setswana ethnic groups or of all citizens of Botswana....
- Culture of Lesotho
- Culture of Namibia
- Culture of South AfricaCulture of South AfricaSouth Africa is known for its ethnic and cultural diversity. Therefore, there is no single culture of South Africa.The South African black majority still has a substantial number of rural inhabitants who lead largely impoverished lives...
- Culture of SwazilandCulture of SwazilandSwaziland's best-known cultural event is the annual Reed Dance. The country was under the chastity rite of "umchwasho" until 19 August 2005.-See also:*Music of Swaziland*Religion in Swaziland...
- Culture of Botswana
- Dependencies in Africa
- Culture of the British Indian Ocean Territory (UK)
- Culture of Mayotte (France)
- Culture of Réunion (France)
- Culture of Saint Helena (UK)
- Culture of the Canary Islands (Spain)
- Culture of Ceuta (Spain)
- Culture of Madeira (Portugal)
- Culture of Melilla (Spain)
- Culture of Socotra (Yemen)
- Culture of Puntland
- Culture of SomalilandCulture of SomalilandThe culture of Somaliland encompasses a wide range of Somali activity and Islamic structures that give Somaliland a rich cultural and historical heritage. Nomadic and Arab Islamic cultural significance have also played a key role in Somaliland's cultural history.-Clan system and marriage:There are...
- Culture of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Cultures of Asia
- Central Asia
- Culture of KazakhstanCulture of KazakhstanBefore the Russian conquest, the Kazaks had a well-articulated culture based on their nomadic pastoral economy. Islam was introduced to Kazakhstan in the 7th to 12th century. Besides lamb, many other traditional foods retain symbolic value in Kazak culture...
- Culture of KyrgyzstanCulture of KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan has a wide mix of ethnic groups and cultures, with the Kyrgyz being the majority group. It is generally considered that there are 40 Kyrgyz clans, symbolized by the 40-rayed yellow sun in the center of the flag. The lines inside the sun are said to represent a yurt. The dominant religion...
- Culture of TajikistanCulture of TajikistanThe Culture of Tajikistan has developed over several thousand years. Historically, Tajiks and Persians come from very similar stock with a mutual language and are related as part of the larger group of Aryan peoples. Tajik culture can be divided into two areas, Metropolitan and Kuhiston...
- Culture of TurkmenistanCulture of Turkmenistanthumb|right|250px|A Yomut Turkmen in a traditional attire, early XX century.The Turkmen people have traditionally been nomads and horsemen, and even today after the fall of the USSR attempts to urbanize the Turkmens have not been very successful. They never really formed a coherent nation or ethnic...
- Culture of UzbekistanCulture of UzbekistanThe Culture of Uzbekistan has a wide mix of ethnic groups and cultures, with the Uzbeks being the majority group. In 1995, about 71% of Uzbekistan's population was Uzbek. The chief minority groups were Russians , Tajiks , Kazaks , Tatars , and Karakalpaks and other minority groups include...
- Culture of Kazakhstan
- East Asia
- Culture of ChinaCulture of ChinaChinese culture is one of the world's oldest and most complex. The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between towns, cities and provinces...
- Culture of Tibet
- Special Administrative regions of China
- Culture of Hong KongCulture of Hong KongThe culture of Hong Kong can best be described as a foundation that began with China, and became more influenced by British colonialism. Despite the 1997 transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong continues to hold an identity of its own.-People in the culture:Most Hong...
- Culture of MacauCulture of MacauA distinct feature in Macau has been the fusion between the Portuguese and Chinese cultures. With most of the population being Chinese, one would expect the total assimilation of the Portuguese over the past four centuries . However, this has not been the case at least until the past decade or so...
- Culture of Hong Kong
- Culture of JapanCulture of JapanThe culture of Japan has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period to its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America...
- Culture of North Korea
- Culture of South Korea
- Culture of MongoliaCulture of MongoliaMongolian culture has been heavily influenced by the Mongol nomadic way of life. Other important influences are from Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism, and from China. Since the 20th century, Russian and, via Russia, European culture have had a strong effect on Mongolia...
- Culture of TaiwanCulture of TaiwanThe culture of Taiwan is a blend of Confucianist Han Chinese, Japanese, European, American, global, local, and Taiwanese aborigines cultures, which are often perceived in both traditional and modern understandings...
- Culture of China
- North Asia
- Culture of Russia
- Southeast Asia
- Culture of BruneiCulture of BruneiThe culture of Brunei is very similar to the Malay cultures. The culture is also influenced by the demographic makeup of the country: two-thirds of the population are Malay, and the remainder consists of Chinese, Indians and indigenous Malays such as Dayaks, Dusuns and Kedazans.As a Sharia country,...
- Culture of Burma
- Culture of CambodiaCulture of CambodiaThe culture of Cambodia has had a rich and varied history dating back many centuries, and has been heavily influenced by India. Throughout Cambodia's long history, a major source of inspiration was from religion...
- Culture of East TimorCulture of East TimorThe Culture of East Timor reflects numerous cultural influences, including Portuguese, Roman Catholic and Malay, on the indigenous Austronesian cultures in East Timor.-Literature:...
- Culture of IndonesiaCulture of IndonesiaIndonesian culture has been shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Indonesia is central along ancient trading routes between the Far East and the Middle East, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of...
- Culture of LaosCulture of LaosLaos has its own distinct culture. Through Theravada Buddhism it has influences from India and has also influences from China. These influences are reflected throughout Laos in its language as well as in art, literature and the performing arts....
- Culture of MalaysiaCulture of MalaysiaThe Culture of Malaysia draws on the varied cultures of the different people of Malaysia. The first people to live in the area were indigenous tribes that still remain; they were followed by the Malays, who moved there from mainland Asia in ancient times...
- Culture of the PhilippinesCulture of the PhilippinesPhilippine culture is related to Micronesian, Bornean, Mexican and Spanish cultures. The people today are mostly of Malayo-Polynesian origin, although there are people with Spanish, Mexican, Austro-Melanesian and Chinese blood. Geographically, the Philippines is considered part of Southeast Asia...
- Culture of SingaporeCulture of SingaporeSingapore was a part of British Malaya for many centuries. It was ruled by the Sultanate of Johor. In 1819, the British came to the Island and set up a port and colony. During British rule, the port of Singapore flourished and attracted many migrants...
- Culture of ThailandCulture of ThailandThe Culture of Thailand incorporates cultural beliefs and characteristics indigenous to the area known as modern day Thailand coupled with much influence from ancient India, China, Cambodia, along with the neighbouring pre-historic cultures of Southeast Asia...
- Culture of VietnamCulture of VietnamThe Culture of Vietnam, an agricultural civilization based on the cultivation of wet rice, is one of the oldest in East Asia; the ancient Bronze age Dong Son culture is considered to be one of its most important progenitors...
- Culture of Brunei
- South Asia
- Culture of AfghanistanCulture of AfghanistanThe culture of Afghanistan has been around for over two millenniums, tracing record to at least the time of the Achaemenid Empire in 500 BCE. Afghanistan translates to the "place of Afghans" or "land of the Afghans" in the nation's official languages, Pashto and Dari...
- Culture of BangladeshCulture of BangladeshBangladesh has a long history in its culture. The land, the rivers, and the lives of the common people formed a rich heritage with marked differences from neighbouring regions. It has evolved over the centuries and encompasses the cultural diversity of several social groups of Bangladesh...
- Culture of BhutanCulture of BhutanCradled in the folds of the Himalayas, Bhutan has relied on its geographic isolation to protect itself from outside cultural influences. A sparsely populated country bordered by India to the south and China to the north, Bhutan has long maintained a policy of strict isolationism, both culturally...
- Culture of IndiaCulture of IndiaIndia's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food and customs differ from place to place within the country, but nevertheless possess a commonality....
- Culture of IranCulture of IranTo best understand Iran, Afghanistan, their related societies and their people, one must first attempt to acquire an understanding of their culture. It is in the study of this area where the Persian identity optimally expresses itself...
- Culture of Maldives
- Culture of NepalCulture of NepalThe rich cultural heritage of Nepal, has evolved over centuries. This multi-dimensional cultural heritage encompasses within itself the cultural diversities of various ethnic, tribal, and social groups inhabiting different altitudes, and it manifests in various forms: music and dance; art and...
- Culture of PakistanCulture of PakistanThe society and culture of Pakistan comprises numerous diverse cultures and ethnic groups: the Punjabis, Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the south; Baloch and Pashtun in the west; and the ancient Dardic, Wakhi and Burusho communities in the north...
- Culture of Sri LankaCulture of Sri LankaThe culture of Sri Lanka has been influenced by many things in the past, but has managed to retain much of its ancient, rich aspects. Mostly it has been influenced by its rich history, diversity, and religious beliefs. The country has a rich artistic tradition, embracing the fine arts, including...
- Culture of Afghanistan
- West Asia
- Culture of ArmeniaCulture of ArmeniaThe culture of Armenia encompasses many elements that are based on the geography, literature, architecture, dance, and music of the people. The culture is similar to and yet distinct from many of the bordering countries like Russia, Georgia and Iran as well as Mediterranean nations such as Greece...
- Culture of AzerbaijanCulture of AzerbaijanFollowing their ambiguous geographic location, the Azerbaijani culture has developed under influence under both Islamic and European cultures, including its Persian, Caucasus and Turkic heritage as well as Russian influences due to its former status as a Soviet republic...
- Culture of BahrainCulture of Bahrain-People & Heritage:Just around half of the population are Arabs, and most are native-born Bahrainis, but only a minority of them are Omanis, or Saudis. Foreign-born inhabitants, comprising more than half of the population, are mostly from Iran, India, Pakistan, Philippines, Britain, and the United...
- Culture of Cyprus
- Culture of Northern Cyprus
- Culture of Georgia
- Culture of IraqCulture of IraqIraq has one of the world's oldest cultural histories. Iraq is where the Ancient Mesopotamian civilizations were, whose legacy went on to influence and shape the civilizations of the Old World. Culturally, Iraq has a very rich heritage. The country is known for its poets and its painters and...
- Culture of IsraelCulture of IsraelThe culture of Israel developed long before the foundation of the State of Israel in 1948 and combines the heritage of secular and religious lives. Much of the diversity in Israel's culture comes from the diversity of its population...
- Culture of JordanCulture of JordanThe culture of Jordan is based on Arabic and Islamic elements with significant Western influence. The Jordanian Kingdom had always been the intersection of the three continents of the ancient world and always seemed to have a form of diversity at any given point due to its location...
- Culture of KuwaitCulture of KuwaitThe Kuwaiti culture is well known for its hospitality and generosity.-Hospitality:The Kuwaiti culture, just like many other cultures, takes great pride in hospitality. Guests in people homes are treated with great warmth and respect. Host exhibit their polished manners and expect the same...
- Culture of LebanonCulture of LebanonThe Culture of Lebanon is the product of various civilizations and cultures that have passed through the country over thousands of years. Starting with the first inhabitants of Lebanon, the Phoenicians, the country was then subsequently conquered and occupied by the Assyrians, the Persians, the...
- Culture of OmanCulture of OmanThe Culture of Oman is steeped in the religion of Islam. Oman has developed its own type of Islam, known as Ibadhism, however other strands of Islam such as Sunni and Shia are also practiced...
- Culture of PalestineCulture of PalestineThe Culture of Palestine is closely related to those of the nearby Levantine countries such as Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan, and the Arab World. Cultural contributions to the fields of art, literature, music, costume and cuisine express the Palestinian experience despite the geographical separation...
- Culture of Qatar
- Culture of Saudi ArabiaCulture of Saudi ArabiaThe cultural setting of Saudi Arabia is Arab and Muslim, and features many elements from historical ritual and folk culture such as dance and music. Traditional values and cultural mores are adapted into legal prohibitions, even for non-Muslims. Alcoholic beverages are prohibited as is pork...
- Culture of Syria
- Culture of TurkeyCulture of TurkeyThe culture of Turkey combines a largely diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that are derived from the Ottoman, European, Middle Eastern and Central Asian traditions...
- Culture of the United Arab EmiratesCulture of the United Arab EmiratesThe United Arab Emirates has a diverse and multicultural society. The country's cultural imprint as a small, ethnically homogenous pearling community was changed with the arrival of other ethnic groups and nationals — first by the Iranians in the early 1900s, and later by Indians and...
- Culture of YemenCulture of YemenDue to its unique geographic location and ancient history, Yemen has acquired a very distinctive culture, clos to from its neighbors.-Music:The music of Yemen is primarily known abroad for a series of pan-Arab popular stars and the Yemenite Jews who became musical stars in Israel during the 20th...
- Culture of Armenia
Cultures of the Caucasus
(a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)- North Caucasus
- Parts of Russia
- Culture of Chechnya
- Culture of Ingushetia
- Culture of Dagestan
- Culture of Adyghea
- Culture of Kabardino-Balkaria
- Culture of Karachai-Cherkessia
- Culture of North Ossetia
- Culture of Krasnodar Krai
- Culture of Stavropol Krai
- Parts of Russia
- South Caucasus
- Culture of Georgia
- Culture of AbkhaziaCulture of AbkhaziaAbkhazia is a de facto independent, partially recognised country lying on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, its southern border. It is bordered by Russia to the north, and Georgia to the east recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and the de facto independent republics of South Ossetia and...
- Culture of South Ossetia
- Culture of Abkhazia
- Culture of ArmeniaCulture of ArmeniaThe culture of Armenia encompasses many elements that are based on the geography, literature, architecture, dance, and music of the people. The culture is similar to and yet distinct from many of the bordering countries like Russia, Georgia and Iran as well as Mediterranean nations such as Greece...
- Culture of AzerbaijanCulture of AzerbaijanFollowing their ambiguous geographic location, the Azerbaijani culture has developed under influence under both Islamic and European cultures, including its Persian, Caucasus and Turkic heritage as well as Russian influences due to its former status as a Soviet republic...
- Culture of Nagorno-KarabakhCulture of Nagorno-KarabakhCulture of Nagorno-Karabakh includes artifacts of tangible and intangible culture that has been historically associated with Nagorno Karabakh and Artsakh—a historical province in the Southern Caucasus most of which is controlled by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic...
- Culture of Nagorno-Karabakh
- Culture of Georgia
Cultures of Europe
- Culture of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
- Culture of Åland
- Culture of AlbaniaCulture of Albania-Education:The education system in Albania is secular. The literacy rate for the total population, age 9 or older, is about 94%. Elementary education is compulsory , but most students continue at least until a secondary education...
- Culture of AndorraCulture of AndorraAndorran culture is Catalan in essence, since the native-born population of Andorra is Catalan. However, it has given a significant and easily identifiable contribution to the conglomerate of Catalan culture.- Literature :...
- Culture of ArmeniaCulture of ArmeniaThe culture of Armenia encompasses many elements that are based on the geography, literature, architecture, dance, and music of the people. The culture is similar to and yet distinct from many of the bordering countries like Russia, Georgia and Iran as well as Mediterranean nations such as Greece...
- Culture of AustriaCulture of AustriaAustrian culture has largely been influenced by its past and present neighbors: Italy, Poland, Germany, Hungary and Bohemia.-Music:Vienna, the capital city of Austria has long been an important center of musical innovation. Composers of the 18th and 19th centuries were drawn to the city by the...
- Culture of AzerbaijanCulture of AzerbaijanFollowing their ambiguous geographic location, the Azerbaijani culture has developed under influence under both Islamic and European cultures, including its Persian, Caucasus and Turkic heritage as well as Russian influences due to its former status as a Soviet republic...
- Culture of BelarusCulture of BelarusThe culture of Belarus is the product of a millennium of development under the impact of a number of diverse factors. These include the physical environment; the ethnographic background of Belarusians ; the paganism of the early settlers and their hosts; Byzantine Christianity as a link to the...
- Culture of BelgiumCulture of BelgiumA discussion of Belgian culture requires the language and what they eat discussing both those aspects of cultural life shared by 'all' or most of the Belgians, regardless of what language they speak, and also, the differences between the main cultural communities: the Flemish people from...
- Culture of Bosnia and HerzegovinaCulture of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina encompasses the country's ancient cultural heritage, its architecture, literature, visual arts, music, cinema, sports and cuisine.-Ancient Cultural Heritage:...
- Culture of BulgariaCulture of BulgariaA number of ancient civilizations, most notably the Thracians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Slavs, and especially Bulgars, have left their mark on the culture, history and heritage of Bulgaria. Because of this Bulgarian nation has one of the richest folk heritage in the world...
- Culture of CroatiaCulture of CroatiaThe culture of Croatia has roots in a long history: the Croatian people have been inhabiting the area for fourteen centuries, but there are important remnants of the earlier periods still preserved in the country.- Ancient Heritage :...
- Culture of Cyprus
- Culture of the Czech RepublicCulture of the Czech RepublicThis article is about the culture of the Czech Republic.-Festivities and traditions:Czech people celebrate Christmas every year, beginning with a dinner on 24 December. The tables for this dinner can only be set for an even number of guests, because an odd number will bring bad luck...
- Culture of DenmarkCulture of DenmarkThe culture of Denmark, while rich in the arts, has some general characteristics associated with Danish society and everyday culture. Modesty, punctuality but above all equality are important aspects of the Danish way of life...
- Culture of EstoniaCulture of EstoniaEstonian culture combines an indigenous heritage, represented by the country's Uralic national language Estonian, with Nordic cultural aspects. Due to its history and geography, Estonia's culture has been influenced by the traditions of the adjacent area's various Finnic, Baltic, Slavic and...
- Culture of the Faroe IslandsCulture of the Faroe IslandsThe culture of the Faroe Islands has its roots in the Nordic culture. The Faroe Islands were long isolated from the main cultural phases and movements that swept across parts of Europe. This means that they have maintained a great part of their traditional culture. The language spoken is Faroese...
- Culture of FinlandCulture of FinlandThe culture of Finland combines indigenous heritage, as represented for example by the country's Uralic national language Finnish, and the sauna, with common Nordic and European culture. Because of its history and geographic location Finland has been influenced by the adjacent areas' various...
- Culture of FranceCulture of FranceThe culture of France and of the French people has been shaped by geography, by profound historical events, and by foreign and internal forces and groups. France, and in particular Paris, has played an important role as a center of high culture and of decorative arts since the seventeenth...
- Culture of Georgia
- Culture of GermanyCulture of GermanyGerman culture began long before the rise of Germany as a nation-state and spanned the entire German-speaking world. From its roots, culture in Germany has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and secular...
- Culture of GibraltarCulture of GibraltarThe culture of Gibraltar reflects Gibraltarians' diverse origins. While there are Spanish and British influences, a result of the territory's status as a British overseas territory and its proximity to Spain, the ethnic origins of most Gibraltarians are a mix of Andalusian Spaniards, Genoese,...
- Culture of GreeceCulture of GreeceThe culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece, continuing most notably into Classical Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire and its Greek Eastern successor the Byzantine Empire...
- Culture of GuernseyCulture of GuernseyThe culture of Guernsey is the culture of the island of Guernsey which has been shaped by its indigenous Norman language and traditions as well as French and British cultural influences, to which have been added cultural trends from immigrant communities such as the Portuguese.-Symbols:The...
- Culture of HungaryCulture of HungaryThe culture of Hungary has a distinctive style of its own in Hungary, diverse and varied, starting from the capital city of Budapest on the Danube, to the Great Plain bordering Ukraine. Hungary was formerly one half of Austria-Hungary. Hungary has a rich folk tradition, for example: embroideries,...
- Culture of IcelandCulture of IcelandThe culture of Iceland is rich and varied as well as being known for its literary heritage which stems from authors from the 12th to 14th centuries. Other Icelandic traditional arts include weaving, silversmithing, and wood carving. The Reykjavík area has several professional theatres, a symphony...
- Culture of the Republic of Ireland
- Culture of the Isle of ManCulture of the Isle of ManThe culture of the Isle of Man is influenced by its Celtic and, to a lesser extent, its Norse origins, though its close proximity to the United Kingdom, popularity as a UK tourist destination, and recent mass immigration by British migrant workers has meant that British influence has been dominant...
- Culture of ItalyCulture of ItalyFrom antiquity until the 16th century, Italy was at the centre of Western culture, fulcrum or origin of the Etruscan civilization, Ancient Rome, the Roman Catholic Church, Humanism and the Renaissance....
- Culture of JerseyCulture of JerseyThe culture of Jersey is the culture of the Bailiwick of Jersey. This has been shaped by Jersey's indigenous Norman language and traditions as well as French and British cultural influences, to which have been added cultural trends from immigrant communities such as the Bretons and the...
- Culture of KazakhstanCulture of KazakhstanBefore the Russian conquest, the Kazaks had a well-articulated culture based on their nomadic pastoral economy. Islam was introduced to Kazakhstan in the 7th to 12th century. Besides lamb, many other traditional foods retain symbolic value in Kazak culture...
- Culture of Kosovo
- Culture of LatviaCulture of LatviaThe culture of Latvia combines traditional Latvian and Livonian heritage with influences of the country's varied historical heritage.-History:...
- Culture of Liechtenstein
- Culture of LithuaniaCulture of LithuaniaThe culture of Lithuania, dating back to 200 BC, with the settlement of the Balts and has been independent of the presence of a sovereign Lithuanian state.-Pre-Lithuanian period :...
- Culture of LuxembourgCulture of LuxembourgThe culture of Luxembourg refers to the cultural life and traditions of the small European nation of Luxembourg. Most citizens are trilingual, speaking the Germanic national language of Luxembourgish in addition to French and German...
- Culture of Macedonia
- Culture of MaltaCulture of MaltaThe culture of Malta is the culture of the Maltese islanders and reflects various societies that have come into contact with the Maltese Islands throughout the centuries, including neighbouring Mediterranean cultures, and the cultures of the nations that ruled Malta for long periods of time prior...
- Culture of MoldovaCulture of MoldovaThe culture of Moldova is a combination of Romanian culture and Soviet culture. The traditional Latin origins of Romanian culture reach back to the 2nd century, the period of Roman colonization in Dacia....
- Culture of Transnistria)
- Culture of Monaco
- Culture of MontenegroCulture of MontenegroThe culture of present-day Montenegro is as pluralistic and diverse as its history and geographical position would suggest. Montenegro's culture has drawn influences mainly from ancient Greece, ancient Rome, Christianity, Islam, Byzantine Empire, Bulgarian Empire, Serbian Empire, Ottoman Empire,...
- Culture of the NetherlandsCulture of the NetherlandsDutch culture, or the culture of the Netherlands, is diverse, reflecting regional differences as well as the foreign influences thanks to the merchant and exploring spirit of the Dutch and the influx of immigrants...
- Culture of NorwayCulture of NorwayNorwegian culture is closely linked to the country's history and geography. The unique Norwegian farm culture, sustained to this day, has resulted not only from scarce resources and a harsh climate but also from ancient property laws. In the 18th century, it brought about a strong romantic...
- Culture of PolandCulture of PolandThe culture of Poland is closely connected with its intricate 1000 year history Its unique character developed as a result of its geography at the confluence of various European regions...
- Culture of PortugalCulture of PortugalThe culture of Portugal is the result of a complex flow of different civilizations during the past Millennia. From prehistoric cultures, to its Pre-Roman civilizations , passing through its contacts with the Phoenician-Carthaginian world, the Roman period , the...
- Culture of RomaniaCulture of RomaniaRomania has a unique culture, which is the product of its geography and of its distinct historical evolution. Like Romanians themselves, it is defined as the meeting point of three regions: Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Balkans, but cannot be truly included in any of them...
- Culture of Russia
- Culture of San Marino
- Culture of Serbia
- Culture of SlovakiaCulture of SlovakiaThe culture of Slovakia is the result of various folk traditions and because of its position in the Central Europe, it is also influenced by Austrian, German, Hungarian and Slavic cultures....
- Culture of SloveniaCulture of SloveniaSlovenia's first book was printed by the Protestant reformer Primož Trubar . It was actually two books, Katekizem and Abecednik, which was published in 1550 in Tübingen, Germany....
- Culture of SpainCulture of SpainThe culture of Spain is based on a variety of influences.The Visigothic Kingdom left a sense of a united Christian Hispania that was going to be welded in the Reconquista. Muslim influences were strong during the period of 711 AD to the 15th century, especially linguistically...
- Culture of Svalbard
- Culture of SwedenCulture of SwedenSwedish culture has been described as Lutheranism, trade unionism, and self-reliance, aspects that have been associated with Swedish mentality....
- Culture of SwitzerlandCulture of SwitzerlandStrong regionalism in Switzerland makes it difficult to speak of a homogeneous Swiss culture. The influence of German, French and Italian culture on their neighbouring parts cannot be denied. The Rhaeto-Romanic culture in the eastern mountains of Switzerland is robust.-Folk arts:Folk art is kept...
- Culture of TurkeyCulture of TurkeyThe culture of Turkey combines a largely diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that are derived from the Ottoman, European, Middle Eastern and Central Asian traditions...
- Culture of UkraineCulture of UkraineUkrainian culture refers to the culture associated with the country of Ukraine and sometimes with ethnic Ukrainians across the globe. It contains elements of other Eastern European cultures as well as some Western European influences. Within Ukraine, there are a number of other ethnic groups with...
- Culture of the United KingdomCulture of the United KingdomThe culture of the United Kingdom refers to the patterns of human activity and symbolism associated with the United Kingdom and its people. It is informed by the UK's history as a developed island country, major power, and its composition of four countries—England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and...
- Culture of EnglandCulture of EnglandThe culture of England refers to the idiosyncratic cultural norms of England and the English people. Because of England's dominant position within the United Kingdom in terms of population, English culture is often difficult to differentiate from the culture of the United Kingdom as a whole...
- Culture of Northern IrelandCulture of Northern IrelandThe culture of Northern Ireland relates to the traditions of Northern Ireland and its resident communities.Elements of the culture of Ireland, the culture of Ulster and the culture of the United Kingdom are to be found.-Heritage:...
- Culture of ScotlandCulture of ScotlandThe culture of Scotland refers to the patterns of human activity and symbolism associated with Scotland and the Scottish people. Some elements of Scottish culture, such as its separate national church, are protected in law as agreed in the Treaty of Union, and other instruments...
- Culture of WalesCulture of WalesWales has a distinctive culture including its own language, customs, holidays and music.Wales is primarily represented by the symbol of the red Welsh Dragon, but other national emblems include the leek and daffodil. The Welsh words for leeks and daffodils Wales has a distinctive culture including...
- Culture of England
- Culture of Vatican City
- Culture of the European Union
Cultures of North America
- Culture of CanadaCulture of CanadaCanadian culture is a term that explains the artistic, musical, literary, culinary, political and social elements that are representative of Canada and Canadians, not only to its own population, but people all over the world. Canada's culture has historically been influenced by European culture and...
- Culture of AlbertaCulture of AlbertaSummer brings many festivals to the province of Alberta. Edmonton's Fringe Festival is the world's second largest after Edinburgh's. Edmonton also hosts some of Canada's largest Folk Festivals, Multicultural Festivals, and Heritage Days . Calgary is also home to Carifest, the second largest...
- Culture of British Columbia
- Culture of ManitobaCulture of ManitobaManitoban culture is a term that encompasses the artistic elements that are representative of Manitoba. Manitoba's culture has been influenced by both traditional and modern Canadian artistic values, as well as some aspects of the cultures of immigrant populations and its American neighbours...
- Culture of New Brunswick
- Culture of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Culture of Nova Scotia
- Culture of Ontario
- Culture of Prince Edward Island
- Culture of QuebecCulture of QuebecThe Culture of Quebec emerged over the last few hundred years, resulting from the shared history of the French-speaking majority in Quebec. It is unique to the Western World; Quebec is the only region in North America with a French-speaking majority, as well as one of only two provinces in Canada...
- Culture of SaskatchewanCulture of SaskatchewanCulture of Saskatchewan views the patterns of human activity in the central prairie province of Canada examing the way people live in the geography, climate, and social context of Saskatchewan. Cultural activities involve technology, science, as well as moral systems and the characteristic...
- Culture of Alberta
- Culture of GreenlandCulture of GreenlandThe culture of Greenland has much in common with Inuit tradition, as the majority of people are descended from Inuit. Many people still go ice-fishing and there are annual dog-sled races in which everyone with a team participates....
- Culture of MexicoCulture of MexicoMexico has changed rapidly during the 20th century. In many ways, contemporary life in its cities has become similar to that in neighboring United States and Europe. Most Mexican villagers follow the older way of life more than the city people do. More than 45% of the people of Mexico live in...
- Culture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
- Culture of the United StatesCulture of the United StatesThe Culture of the United States is a Western culture originally influenced by European cultures. It has been developing since long before the United States became a country with its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore...
- Culture of Alabama
- Culture of Alaska
- Culture of ArizonaCulture of ArizonaThe culture of Arizona is a Western culture and most clearly has its roots in the culture of the United States. As a southwestern state, its culture has been greatly influenced by several large immigrant populations, especially those from Latin America...
- Culture of Arkansas
- Culture of CaliforniaCulture of CaliforniaThe culture of California is closely tied to the culture of the United States as a whole. However, there are features that are unique to California...
- Culture of Colorado
- Culture of Connecticut
- Culture of Delaware
- Culture of FloridaCulture of FloridaThe culture of Florida is similar to the rest of United States of America culture but as a coastal state, Florida culture has been influenced by immigrant populations especially those from Latin America and Europe. Florida is a melting pot as well as an international crossroad to the United...
- Culture of Georgia (U.S. state)Culture of Georgia (U.S. state)The Culture of Georgia is a subculture of the Southern United States that has come from blending heavy amounts of rural Scots-Irish culture with the culture of African slaves and Native Americans...
- Culture of HawaiiCulture of HawaiiThe culture of Hawaii has its origins in the traditional culture of the Native Hawaiians. As Hawaii has become home to many different ethnic groups during the past 200 years, each ethnic group has added elements of its own culture...
- Culture of IdahoCulture of IdahoAlthough the culture of Idaho is reflective of the broader culture of the United States to some extent, some of the forces that have shaped the culture of Idaho are ethnographic, geographic, and historical in nature...
- Culture of Illinois
- Culture of Indiana
- Culture of Iowa
- Culture of Montana
- Culture of Kansas
- Culture of KentuckyCulture of KentuckyAlthough Kentucky's culture is generally considered to be Southern, it is unique in that it is also influenced by the Midwest and Southern Appalachia in certain areas of the state. The state is known for bourbon and whiskey distilling, tobacco, horse racing, and college basketball. Kentucky is more...
- Culture of LouisianaCulture of LouisianaAccording to the National Geographic, a group's culture defines its way of life and its own view of itself and other groups. The elements of a culture include religion, music, food, clothing, language, architecture, art, literature, games, and sports. All of these elements combine to create the...
- Culture of Maine
- Culture of MarylandCulture of MarylandThe culture of Maryland is an eclectic mix of southern and northern American cultures. Historically, Maryland was founded as a Catholic colony. Over the years, it has become a melting pot of southern and northern ideals.-Languages:...
- Culture of Massachusetts
- Culture of Michigan
- Culture of MinnesotaCulture of MinnesotaThe culture of Minnesota is a subculture of the United States with influences from Scandinavian Americans, Irish Americans, German Americans, Native Americans, African Americans, Polish Americans and numerous other immigrant groups...
- Culture of Mississippi
- Culture of Missouri
- Culture of Nebraska
- Culture of Nevada
- Culture of New Hampshire
- Culture of New Jersey
- Culture of New Mexico
- Culture of New York
- Culture of North CarolinaCulture of North CarolinaThe Culture of North Carolina is a subculture in the United States. As a coastal state, North Carolina culture has been greatly influenced by the southeastern united states and early settlers from England.- Food :...
- Culture of North Dakota
- Culture of Ohio
- Culture of Oklahoma
- Culture of OregonCulture of OregonThe culture of Oregon has had a diverse and distinct character from before European settlement until the modern day. Approximately 80 Native American tribes were living in Oregon before the establishment of European pioneer settlements. Trappers and traders were the harbingers of the coming...
- Culture of Pennsylvania
- Culture of Rhode Island
- Culture of South Carolina
- Culture of South DakotaCulture of South DakotaThe culture of the U.S. state of South Dakota exhibits influences from many different sources. American Indians, the cultures of the American West and Midwest, and the customs and traditions of many of the state's various immigrant groups have all contributed to South Dakota art, music, and...
- Culture of Tennessee
- Culture of TexasCulture of TexasThe culture of Texas has been a melting pot of the "Southern" and Southwestern culture, with pockets of colonies of ethnic groups in Texas also has an influx of people fromNorth America moving in to find oil...
- Culture of Utah
- Culture of Vermont
- Culture of VirginiaCulture of VirginiaThe Culture of Virginia refers to the distinct human activities and values that take place in, or originate from the Commonwealth of Virginia. Virginia's historic culture was popularized and spread across America and the South by Washington, Jefferson, and Lee, and their homes represent Virginia as...
- Culture of Washington
- Culture of West Virginia
- Culture of Wisconsin
- Culture of Wyoming
- District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
- Central America
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- Culture of BelizeCulture of BelizeThe Belizean culture is made up of influences and people from Kriol, Maya, Garinagu , Mestizo , Mennonites who are of German descent, with a blend of many other cultures from Chinese to Lebanese...
- Culture of Costa RicaCulture of Costa RicaCosta Rican culture is heavily influenced by Spanish culture, with the exception of Limón and the Cordillera de Talamanca.The official language of Costa Rica is Spanish. Native languages include Bribrí and as well as others spoken by thousands of Costa Ricans...
- Culture of El SalvadorCulture of El SalvadorThe culture of El Salvador is much like any other country in Latin America, or more specifically of Central America. The European influences are emphasized in the architecture of the colonial churches, museums and theaters throughout most of El Salvador...
- Culture of GuatemalaCulture of GuatemalaThe culture of Guatemala reflects strong Mayan and Spanish influences and continues to be defined as a contrast between poor Mayan villagers in the rural highlands, and the urbanized and relatively wealthy mestizos population who occupy the cities and surrounding agricultural plains.- Cuisine :The...
- Culture of HondurasCulture of HondurasThe wealth of cultural expression in Honduras owes its origins primarily to being a part of Latin America but also to the multi-ethnic nature of the country. The population comprises 90% Mestizo, 7% Amerindian, 2% Black and 1% Caucasian...
- Culture of NicaraguaCulture of NicaraguaBritish possessions. The people of Nicaragua are mostly mestizos, and Spanish is invariably their first language. Nicaraguans are prone to refer to themselves as Nicas, Nicoyas & Pinoleros.-Culture:...
- Culture of PanamaCulture of PanamaThe culture of the Panama derived from European music, art and traditions that were brought over by the Spanish to Panama. Hegemonic forces have created hybrid forms of this by blending African and Native American culture with European culture. For example, the tamborito is a Spanish dance that was...
- Culture of Belize
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- Caribbean
- Culture of Anguilla
- Culture of Antigua and Barbuda
- Culture of ArubaCulture of ArubaAruba, one of the many islands that make up the Caribbean, was first discovered and claimed by the Spanish in 1499. Yet evidence and records show that the Spanish were definitely not the first people on the island. In fact, painted petrographs left behind on walls and the ceilings of caves to...
- Culture of the BahamasCulture of the BahamasBahamian culture is a hybrid of African, European, and other cultures. During the past thirty years the culture has become increasingly influenced by the Hip-Hop culture of United States....
- Culture of BarbadosCulture of BarbadosThe culture of Barbados is a blend of West African and British cultures present in Barbados. The Bajan, or Barbadian dialect is an iconic part of the culture. But English is still the official language, reflecting centuries of British rule....
- Culture of BermudaCulture of BermudaThe Culture of Bermuda reflects the heritage of its people, who are chiefly of African and European descent. A small percentage of Asians also live on the island. Although Bermuda is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, it also has strong historical links with the United States...
- Culture of the British Virgin Islands
- Culture of the Cayman IslandsCulture of the Cayman Islands-Population:The main influences on the culture of the Cayman Islands come from the United Kingdom, North America, and Jamaica. In total, there are approximately 113 nationalities on the three islands that make up the country. The total population of the Cayman Islands consists of just over 52,000...
- Culture of CubaCulture of CubaThe culture of Cuba is a complex mixture of different, often contrasting, factors and influences. Cuba is a meeting point of European, African and continental North American cultures; little of the original Amerindian culture survives. Since 1959, the Cuban Revolution has also greatly affected...
- Culture of DominicaCulture of DominicaDominica is home to a wide range of people. Although it was historically occupied by several native tribes, the Arawaks and Kalinago Carib tribes remained by the time European settlers reached the island. 'Massacre' is a name of a river dedicated to the murders of the Native villagers by French...
- Culture of the Dominican RepublicCulture of the Dominican RepublicThe people and their customs have origins mixing of Spaniard, African and Taino roots. The Dominican Republic was the first Spanish colony in the New World...
- Culture of GrenadaCulture of GrenadaGrenada's French colonists brought along their culture, as did the African slaves they brought across the Atlantic for agricultural work. The combination of these cultures is what you will find on this island. Indians have also influenced the island culture in more recent years.Importantly, many...
- Culture of Guadeloupe
- Culture of HaitiCulture of HaitiThe culture of Haiti is primarily a culture that has strong West African roots, as well as strong French roots due to the French colonization of Haiti, as is evidenced in the Haitian language, music and religion. The culture also encompasses additional contributions from native Taino and Spanish...
- Culture of JamaicaCulture of JamaicaJamaican culture represents a rich blend of cultures that have inhabited the Greater Antilles island, Jamaica. The original Taino Settlers, followed by their Spanish conquerors , all made major contributions...
- Culture of MartiniqueCulture of MartiniqueAs an overseas départment of France, Martinique's culture is French and Caribbean. Its former capital, Saint-Pierre , was often referred to as the Paris of the Lesser Antilles. Following French custom, many businesses close at midday, then reopen later in the afternoon. The official language is...
- Culture of Montserrat
- Culture of Navassa Island
- Culture of the Netherlands Antilles
- Culture of Puerto RicoCulture of Puerto RicoThe culture of Puerto Rico is the result of a number of international and indigenous influences, both past and present. Modern cultural manifestations showcase the island's rich history and help to create an identity which is a melting pot of cultures - Taíno , Spanish, African, Other Europeans,...
- Culture of Saint Barthélemy
- Culture of Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Culture of Saint LuciaCulture of Saint LuciaThe Culture of Saint Lucia blends the influences of African, French, and English heritage. The official language of the island is English but Kreole, a form of French patois, remains an influential secondary language...
- Culture of Saint Martin
- Culture of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Culture of Trinidad and TobagoCulture of Trinidad and TobagoThe culture of Trinidad and Tobago reflects the influence of African, Indian, Amerindian, Chinese, British, French and to a lesser extent Spanish and Portuguese cultures. The histories of Trinidad and Tobago are different, and there are contrasts in the cultural influences which have shaped each...
- Culture of Trinidad
- Culture of the Turks and Caicos Islands
- Culture of the United States Virgin Islands
Cultures of Oceania
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- Australasia
- Culture of AustraliaCulture of AustraliaThe culture of Australia is essentially a Western culture influenced by the unique geography of the Australian continent and by the diverse input of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and various waves of multi-ethnic migration which followed the British colonisation of Australia...
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- Dependencies/Territories of Australia
- Culture of Christmas Island
- Culture of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
- Culture of Norfolk Island
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- Culture of New ZealandCulture of New ZealandThe culture of New Zealand is largely inherited from British and European custom, interwoven with Maori and Polynesian tradition. An isolated Pacific Island nation, New Zealand was comparatively recently settled by humans...
- Melanesia
- Culture of FijiCulture of FijiFiji's culture is a tapestry of indigenous Fijian, Indian, European, Chinese, and other nationalities. Culture polity, traditions, language, food, costume, belief system, architecture, arts, craft, music, dance and sports which will be discussed in this article to give you an indication of Fiji's...
- Culture of IndonesiaCulture of IndonesiaIndonesian culture has been shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Indonesia is central along ancient trading routes between the Far East and the Middle East, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of...
- Culture of New Caledonia (France)
- Culture of Papua New GuineaCulture of Papua New GuineaThe culture of Papua New Guinea is many-sided and complex. It is estimated that more than 1000 different cultural groups exist in Papua New Guinea, and most groups have their own language...
- Culture of the Solomon IslandsCulture of the Solomon Islands-Traditional culture:In the traditional culture of the Solomon Islands, age-old customs are handed down from one generation to the next, allegedly from the ancestral spirits themselves, to form the cultural values to Solomon Islands...
- Culture of VanuatuCulture of VanuatuThis article presents an overview of the culture of Vanuatu.-Social system and customs:Vanuatu culture retains a strong diversity through local regional variations and through foreign influence. Vanuatu may be divided into three major cultural regions. In the north, wealth is established by how...
- Micronesia
- Culture of the Federated States of Micronesia
- Culture of Guam (USAUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
) - Culture of KiribatiCulture of KiribatiContemporary Kiribati culture is centered around the family, the church and the sea. Its relative isolation Kiribati has allowed "traditional values" and skills to be maintained.- Dueling :...
- Culture of the Marshall Islands
- Culture of NauruCulture of NauruThe displacement of the conventional Culture of Nauru by contemporary western influences is very clearly visible on the island. Only little remains preserved from the old customs. The traditions of arts and crafts are lost nearly completely....
- Culture of the Northern Mariana Islands (USA)
- Culture of Palau
- Culture of Wake Island (USA)
- Polynesia
- Culture of American Samoa (USA)
- Culture of the Chatham Islands (NZ)
- Culture of the Cook Islands (NZNew ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
) - Culture of Easter Island (Chile)
- Culture of French Polynesia (France)
- Culture of HawaiiCulture of HawaiiThe culture of Hawaii has its origins in the traditional culture of the Native Hawaiians. As Hawaii has become home to many different ethnic groups during the past 200 years, each ethnic group has added elements of its own culture...
(USA) - Culture of the Loyalty Islands (France)
- Culture of Niue (NZ)
- Culture of the Pitcairn Islands (UKUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
) - Culture of Adamstown
- Culture of SamoaCulture of SamoaThe traditional culture of Samoa is a communal way of life based on Fa'a Samoa, the unique socio-political culture of Samoa. In Samoan culture, most activities are done together. There are 3 main parts in the Samoan culture, that is faith, family and music.The traditional living quarters, or fale ,...
- Culture of Tokelau (NZ)
- Culture of TongaCulture of TongaThe Tongan archipelago has been inhabited for perhaps 3000 years, since settlement in late Lapita times. The culture of its inhabitants has surely changed greatly over this long time period. Before the arrival of European explorers in the late 17nd and early 18th centuries, the Tongans were in...
- Culture of Tuvalu
- Culture of Wallis and Futuna (France)
Cultures of South America
- Culture of ArgentinaCulture of ArgentinaThe culture of Argentina is as varied as the country's geography and mix of ethnic groups. Modern Argentine culture has been largely influenced by European immigration although there are lesser elements of Amerindian and African influences, particularly in the fields of music and art...
- Culture of BoliviaCulture of BoliviaBolivia is a country in South America located at the Andes mountains. It has a Native American population which mixed Spanish cultural elements with their ancestors' traditions. The Spanish-speaking population mainly follows the Western customs....
- Culture of BrazilCulture of BrazilThe culture of Brazil presents a very diverse nature reflecting an ethnic and cultural mixing occurred in the colonial period involving mostly Native Americans, Portuguese and Africans...
- Culture of ChileCulture of ChileThe culture of Chile is one of a relatively homogeneous society where historically its geographical isolation and remoteness has played a key role...
- Culture of ColombiaCulture of ColombiaMany aspects of Colombian culture can be traced back to the early culture of Spain of the 16th century and its collision with Colombia's native civilizations . The Spanish brought Catholicism, African slaves, the feudal encomienda system, and a caste system that favored European-born whites...
- Culture of EcuadorCulture of EcuadorThe majority of the Ecuadorian population is mestizo, a mixture of both European and Amerindian ancestry, and much like their ancestry, the national culture is also a blend of these two sources, along with influences from Africa. 96% of Ecuador's population is German, Italian,and Spaniard descent...
- Culture of the Falkland IslandsCulture of the Falkland IslandsThe culture of the Falkland Islands is essentially analogous to that of British culture. The Falkland Islands have a large non-native born population, mainly white and from England , but also from Saint Helena.The native born population is mainly of English and Scottish descent, with some more...
- Culture of French Guiana
- Culture of GuyanaCulture of GuyanaGuyanese culture reflects the influence of African, Indian, French, Amerindian, Chinese, British, Dutch, Portuguese, Caribbean, and American and Nepalese culture....
- Culture of ParaguayCulture of ParaguayParaguayans' cultural ancestry can be traced to the extensive intermarriage between the original male Spanish settlers and female indigenous Guaraní brides. Paraguayan culture therefore is a fusion of two things cultures and traditions: one European, the other Southern Guaraní...
- Culture of PeruCulture of PeruThe Culture of Peru was shaped by the relationship between Hispanic and Amerindian cultures. The ethnic diversity and rugged geography of Peru allowed diverse traditions and customs to coexist. The coastal European influenced Peru has passed through various intellectual stages - from colonial...
- Culture of SurinameCulture of SurinameSurinamese culture is very diverse and dynamic and has a strong Asian and African influences. The population is composed of the contribution of people from the Netherlands, Africa, India, China and Indonesia as well as indigenous peoples who lived in the area before the arrival of European settlers...
- Culture of UruguayCulture of UruguayContemporary Uruguayan culture is diverse in its nature since the nation's population is one of multicultural origins. The country has an impressive legacy of artistic and literary traditions, especially for its small size...
- Culture of VenezuelaCulture of VenezuelaThe Venezuelan people have a rich cultural heritage. From the original American Indians to the Spanish and Africans who arrived after the Spanish conquest, the twentieth century waves of immigration brought many Italians, Portuguese, Arabs, Germans, Moroccan Jews, and others from the bordering...
Cultures of the South Atlantic
- Culture of Ascension Island
- Culture of Saint Helena
- Culture of Tristan da Cunha
By region
- Cultural history of the United StatesCultural history of the United StatesThe cultural history of the United States is a broad topic, covering or having influence in many of the world's cultural aspects. Since the founding of the United States, in the 18th century various immigrant groups have been at play in the formation of the nation's culture...
- Cultural history of TaiwanCultural history of TaiwanThe cultural history of Taiwan can be traced back to prehistoric Stone Age. Later the development of written languages made it easier to maintain traditions of the Taiwanese culture....
- History of Lithuanian culture
- History of Russian cultureHistory of Russian cultureMost Russian historians divide the Russian culture into several periods:Russia's culture was a very lively and rough experiments to live in at some points.- Culture of Ancient Russia :...
By subject
- Earth in cultureEarth in cultureThe cultural perspective on the Earth, or world, varies by society and time period. Religious beliefs often include a creation belief as well as personification in the form of a deity. The exploration of the world has modified many of the perceptions of the planet, resulting in a viewpoint of a...
- World War II in contemporary culture
- Medieval maritime culture
Historical cultures
- Culture of ancient RomeCulture of ancient RomeAncient Roman culture existed throughout the almost 1200-year history of the civilization of Ancient Rome. The term refers to the culture of the Roman Republic, later the Roman Empire, which, at its peak, covered an area from Lowland Scotland and Morocco to the Euphrates.Life in ancient Rome...
- Culture of ancient RusCulture of Ancient RusThe culture of ancient Rus can be divided into different historical periods of the Middle Ages. During the Kievan period , the principalities of Kievan Rus’ came under the sphere of influence of the Byzantine Empire, one of the most advanced cultures of the time, and adopted Christianity...
- Clovis cultureClovis cultureThe Clovis culture is a prehistoric Paleo-Indian culture that first appears 11,500 RCYBP , at the end of the last glacial period, characterized by the manufacture of "Clovis points" and distinctive bone and ivory tools...
- Mississippian cultureMississippian cultureThe Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 CE to 1500 CE, varying regionally....
- Vinca cultureVinca cultureThe Vinča culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture in Southeastern Europe, dated to the period 5500–4500 BCE. Named for its type site, Vinča-Belo Brdo, a large tell settlement discovered by Serbian archaeologist Miloje Vasić in 1908, it represents the material remains of a prehistoric society...
- Human sacrifice in Aztec cultureHuman sacrifice in Aztec cultureHuman sacrifice was a religious practice characteristic of pre-Columbian Aztec civilization, as well as of other mesoamerican civilizations such as the Maya and the Zapotec. The extent of the practice is debated by modern scholars...
Politics of culture
- The arts and politicsThe arts and politicsA strong relationship between the arts and politics, particularly between various kinds of art and power, occurs across historical epochs and cultures...
– as they respond to contemporaneous events and politics, the arts take on political as well as social dimensions, becoming themselves a focus of controversy and even a force of political as well as social change. - Culture changeCulture changeCulture change is a term used in public policy making that emphasises the influence of cultural capital on individual and community behaviour. It places stress on the social and cultural capital determinants of decision making and the manner in which these interact with other factors like the...
– - Culture of fearCulture of fearCulture of fear is a term used by certain scholars, writers, journalists and politicians who believe that some in society incite fear in the general public to achieve political goals, for example......
– - Culture of lifeCulture of lifeThe phrase "culture of life" is a term used in discussion of moral theology, especially of the Catholic Church. Its proponents describe it as a way of life based upon the theological truth that human life at all stages from conception through natural death is sacred...
– - Culture minister –
- Official cultureOfficial cultureOfficial culture is the culture that receives social legitimation or institutional support in a given society. Official culture is usually identified with bourgeoisie culture...
– - Political culturePolitical culturePolitical culture is the traditional orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, affecting their perceptions of political legitimacy.Conceptions...
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Sociology of culture
- Animal cultureAnimal cultureAnimal culture describes the current theory of cultural learning in non-human animals through socially transmitted behaviors. The question as to the existence of culture in non-human societies has been a contentious subject for decades, much due to the inexistence of a concise definition for culture...
– - Constructed cultureConstructed cultureA constructed culture or conculture is a fictional culture, created as part of a constructed world and usually associated with constructed languages. Countless constructed cultures exist, spanning many genres of fiction, as most world-constructors, unlike Tolkien, find it much easier to create a...
– - Cross-cultural communicationCross-cultural communicationCross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavour to communicate across cultures.- Origins :The Cold War, the United States economy...
– - Cultural biasCultural biasCultural bias is the phenomenon of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards inherent to one's own culture. The phenomenon is sometimes considered a problem central to social and human sciences, such as economics, psychology, anthropology, and sociology...
– - Cultural dissonanceCultural dissonanceCultural dissonance is an uncomfortable sense of discord, disharmony, confusion, or conflict experienced by people in the midst of change in their cultural environment...
– - Cultural evolution –
- Cultural imperialismCultural imperialismCultural imperialism is the domination of one culture over another. Cultural imperialism can take the form of a general attitude or an active, formal and deliberate policy, including military action. Economic or technological factors may also play a role...
– - Cultural phenomenon –
- Cultural universals –
- Culture assimilatorsCulture assimilators (programs)Culture Assimilators are culture training programs first developed at the University of Illinois in the 1960s. A team from the psychology department of that university was asked by the Office of Naval Research to develop a training method that would “make every sailor an ambassador of the United...
– - Culture gapCulture gapA culture gap is any systematic difference between two cultures which hinders mutual understanding or relations. Such differences include the values, behavior, education, and customs of the respective cultures...
– - Culture heroCulture heroA culture hero is a mythological hero specific to some group who changes the world through invention or discovery...
– - Culture industryCulture industryCulture industry is a term coined by critical theorists Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer , who argued in the chapter of their book Dialectic of Enlightenment, 'The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception' ; that popular culture is akin to a factory producing standardized cultural goods...
– - Culture noteCulture noteA "culture note" is small "pop-up" text that explains a cultural element on a TV program or film that the target audience is not expected to understand...
– - Culture of povertyCulture of povertyThe culture of poverty is a social theory that expands on the cycle of poverty. Proponents of this theory argue that the poor are not simply lacking resources, but also have a unique value system...
– - Culture shockCulture shockCulture shock is the anxiety, feelings of frustration, alienation and anger that may occur when a person is emplaced in a new culture.One of the most common causes of culture shock involves individuals in a foreign country. Culture shock can be described as consisting of one or more distinct phases...
– - Culture theoryCulture theoryCulture theory is the branch of anthropology and semiotics that seeks to define the heuristic concept of culture in operational and/or scientific terms....
– - Culture speculationCulture speculationCulture speculation is the practice of engaging in or promoting an area or region through either direct investment or relocation in order to attract a pool of culture or cultured individuals...
– - Culture warCulture warThe culture war in American usage is a metaphor used to claim that political conflict is based on sets of conflicting cultural values. The term frequently implies a conflict between those values considered traditionalist or conservative and those considered progressive or liberal...
– - Death and cultureDeath and cultureThis article is about death in the different cultures around the world as well as ethical issues relating to death, such as martrydom, suicide and euthanasia. Death and its spiritual ramifications are debated in every manner all over the world...
– - DemographicsDemographicsDemographics are the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. These types of data are used widely in sociology , public policy, and marketing. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location...
– - Emotions and CultureEmotions and cultureEmotions are universal phenomena; however, they are affected by culture. While some emotions are universal and are experienced in similar ways as a reaction to similar events across all cultures, other emotions show considerable cultural differences in their antecedent events, the way they are...
– - EthnocentrismEthnocentrismEthnocentrism is the tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one's own. The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with...
– - Intercultural competenceIntercultural competenceIntercultural competence is the ability of successful communication with people of other cultures.A person who is interculturally competent captures and understands, in interaction with people from foreign cultures, their specific concepts in perception, thinking, feeling and acting...
– - Right to science and cultureRight to science and cultureThe right to science and culture is an economic, social, and cultural human right claimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and related documents which says that everyone has a right to participate in culture, to benefit from scientific progress, and to have a stake in their own...
– - Social factSocial factIn sociology, social facts are the values, cultural norms, and social structures external to the individual and capable of exercising a constraint on that individual....
– - Symbolic cultureSymbolic cultureSymbolic culture is a concept used by archaeologists, social anthropologists and sociologists to differentiate the cultural realm constructed and inhabited uniquely by Homo sapiens from ordinary "culture", which many other animals possess. Symbolic culture presupposes more than the ability to learn...
– - Third culture kidThird culture kidThird culture kid is a term coined in the early 1950s by American sociologist and anthropologist Ruth Hill Useem "to refer to the children who accompany their parents into another society". Other terms, such as trans-culture kid, are also used by some. More recently, American sociologist David C...
– - Transformation of cultureTransformation of cultureTransformation of culture, or cultural change, to the dynamic process whereby the living cultures of the world are changing and adapting to external or internal forces. This process is occurring within Western culture as well as non-Western and indigenous cultures and cultures of the world...
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Academic fields
- ArchaeologyArchaeologyArchaeology, or archeology , is the study of human society, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes...
– studies the physical aspects of cultures. - Cultural studiesCultural studiesCultural studies is an academic field grounded in critical theory and literary criticism. It generally concerns the political nature of contemporary culture, as well as its historical foundations, conflicts, and defining traits. It is, to this extent, largely distinguished from cultural...
– holistic academic field concerning the political nature of contemporary culture. It seeks to understand the ways in which meaning is generated and disseminated through practices, beliefs, and political, economic, or social structures within a given culture. - Popular culture studiesPopular culture studiesPopular culture studies is the academic discipline studying popular culture from a critical theory perspective. It is generally considered as a combination of communication studies and cultural studies....
– generally considered a combination of communication studies and cultural studies, it analyzes popular culture from a critical theory perspective. - Sound cultureSound cultureSoundCulture is also an international organisation of artists, theorists and performers with a common interest to promote and develop the sonic arts....
– interdisciplinary field which considers "the material production and consumption of music, sound, noise and silence, and how these have changed throughout history and within different societies, but does this from a much broader perspective than standard disciplines." - Visual cultureVisual cultureVisual Culture as an academic subject is a field of study that generally includes some combination of cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, and anthropology, by focusing on aspects of culture that rely on visual images.- Overview :...
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External links
- The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Culture section
- Detailed article on defining culture
- Dictionary of the History of Ideas: "culture" and "civilization" in modern times
- Countries and their Cultures
- Global Culture Essays on globalization, migration and their impact on global culture
- Centre for Intercultural Learning
- What is Culture? - Washington State University
- Investigaciones en Bioética
- Define Culture - List of definitions of culture from people around the world.
- Reflections on the Politics of Culture by Michael ParentiMichael ParentiMichael Parenti is an award-winning, internationally known American political scientist, historian, and culture critic who has been writing on a wide range of both scholarly and popular subjects for over forty years. He has taught at several universities and colleges and has been a frequent guest...
- Mukul Dey Archives, Chitralekha, Santiniketan INDIA
- Foreign Influence on Indian Culture (c. 600 BC to AD 320) by Manjari Ukil