List of stoic philosophers
Encyclopedia
This is a list of Stoic
philosophers, ordered (roughly) by date. The criteria for inclusion in this list is fairly mild. See also :Category:Stoic philosophers.
STOIC
STOIC was a variant of Forth.It started out at the MIT and Harvard Biomedical Engineering Centre in Boston, and was written in the mid 1970s by Jonathan Sachs...
philosophers, ordered (roughly) by date. The criteria for inclusion in this list is fairly mild. See also :Category:Stoic philosophers.
3rd Century BC
- Zeno of CitiumZeno of CitiumZeno of Citium was a Greek philosopher from Citium . Zeno was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC. Based on the moral ideas of the Cynics, Stoicism laid great emphasis on goodness and peace of mind gained from living a life of virtue in...
(c. 334-262 BC), Founder of the Stoic school in AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
(c. 300 BC). - PersaeusPersaeusPersaeus , of Citium, son of Demetrius, was a Stoic philosopher, and a friend and favourite student of Zeno of Citium.He lived in the same house as Zeno...
(306-243 BC), Pupil and friend of Zeno. - Aratus of Soli (c. 315-c. 245 BC), Pupil of Zeno and poet.
- Athenodorus of SoliAthenodorus of SoliAthenodorus of Soli was a Stoic philosopher, and disciple of Zeno of Citium, who lived in the 3rd century BC.He was the son of Athenodorus, and was born in the town of Soli, Cilicia, and was the compatriot of another disciple of Zeno, Chrysippus. Athenodorus was the brother of the poet Aratus of...
(fl.FloruitFloruit , abbreviated fl. , is a Latin verb meaning "flourished", denoting the period of time during which something was active...
275 BC), Pupil of Zeno and brother of Aratus. - Aristo of Chios (c. 310-c. 240 BC), Pupil of Zeno, leaned towards Cynicism.
- Apollophanes of Antioch (fl. 250 BC), Stoic philosopher, friend of Aristo of Chios.
- Dionysius the RenegadeDionysius the RenegadeDionysius the Renegade , also known as Dionysius of Heraclea, was a Stoic philosopher and pupil of Zeno of Citium who, late in life, abandoned Stoicism when he became afflicted by terrible pain....
(c. 325-c. 250 BC), Pupil of Zeno who became a Cyrenaic. - SphaerusSphaerusSphaerus of Borysthenes or the Bosphorus, was a Stoic philosopher.He studied first under Zeno of Citium, and afterwards under Cleanthes. He taught in Sparta, where he acted as advisor to Cleomenes III. He moved to Alexandria at some point, where he lived in the court of Ptolemy IV Philopator...
(c. 285-c. 210 BC), Pupil of Zeno. Moved to SpartaSpartaSparta or Lacedaemon, was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the banks of the River Eurotas in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. It emerged as a political entity around the 10th century BC, when the invading Dorians subjugated the local, non-Dorian population. From c...
and AlexandriaAlexandriaAlexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
. - Herillus of CarthageHerillus of CarthageHerillus or Erillus of Chalcedon , was a Stoic philosopher and a pupil of Zeno of Citium.He differed significantly from Zeno's teachings and held that knowledge was the goal of life:...
(fl. 250 BC), Pupil of Zeno, who held that knowledge was the highest good. - CleanthesCleanthesCleanthes , of Assos, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and the successor to Zeno as the second head of the Stoic school in Athens. Originally a boxer, he came to Athens where he took up philosophy, listening to Zeno's lectures. He supported himself by working as water-carrier at night. After the...
(of Assos) (331-232 BC), Second leader of the Stoic school. - EratosthenesEratosthenesEratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek mathematician, poet, athlete, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist.He was the first person to use the word "geography" and invented the discipline of geography as we understand it...
(of Cyrene) (fl. 225 BC), Pupil of Aristo. Chief librarian at AlexandriaAlexandriaAlexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
. - Hermagoras of AmphipolisHermagoras of AmphipolisHermagoras of Amphipolis was a Stoic philosopher, student of Cypriot Persaeus, in the court of Antigonus II Gonatas. He wrote several dialogues, among them a Misokyōn ; one volume On Misfortunes; Έκχυτος Ekchytos ; On Sophistry addressed to the Academics...
(fl. c. 225 BC), Stoic philosopher and follower of PersaeusPersaeusPersaeus , of Citium, son of Demetrius, was a Stoic philosopher, and a friend and favourite student of Zeno of Citium.He lived in the same house as Zeno...
of Citium. - ChrysippusChrysippusChrysippus of Soli was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Soli, Cilicia, but moved to Athens as a young man, where he became a pupil of Cleanthes in the Stoic school. When Cleanthes died, around 230 BC, Chrysippus became the third head of the school...
(of Soli) (c. 280-c. 206 BC), Third leader of the Stoic school. Wrote 705 books. - Dioscorides (Stoic) (fl. 225 BC), Pupil of ChrysippusChrysippusChrysippus of Soli was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Soli, Cilicia, but moved to Athens as a young man, where he became a pupil of Cleanthes in the Stoic school. When Cleanthes died, around 230 BC, Chrysippus became the third head of the school...
. Father of Zeno of TarsusZeno of TarsusZeno of Tarsus was a Stoic philosopher.He was a pupil of Chrysippus, and when Chrysippus died c. 206 BC, he succeeded him to become the fourth head of the Stoic school in Athens....
. - AristocreonAristocreonAristocreon was a Stoic philosopher and the nephew of Chrysippus.He was a son of the sister of Chrysippus, and became his pupil. Chrysippus dedicated several of his works to him. Of the few facts known about Aristocreon's life, it is known that between 229 and 190 BC, he was in Athens, where he...
(fl. 210 BC), Nephew of ChrysippusChrysippusChrysippus of Soli was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Soli, Cilicia, but moved to Athens as a young man, where he became a pupil of Cleanthes in the Stoic school. When Cleanthes died, around 230 BC, Chrysippus became the third head of the school...
.
2nd Century BC
- Zeno of TarsusZeno of TarsusZeno of Tarsus was a Stoic philosopher.He was a pupil of Chrysippus, and when Chrysippus died c. 206 BC, he succeeded him to become the fourth head of the Stoic school in Athens....
(fl. 200 BC), Fourth leader of the Stoic school. - Eudromus (fl. uncertain), Stoic who wrote a book called "Elements of Ethics".
- Crates of MallusCrates of MallusCrates, of Mallus in Cilicia , was a Greek language grammarian and Stoic philosopher of the 2nd century BC, leader of the literary school and head of the library of Pergamum. His chief work was a critical and exegetical commentary on Homer...
(fl. 175 BC), Grammarian. Head of the library at PergamonPergamonPergamon , or Pergamum, was an ancient Greek city in modern-day Turkey, in Mysia, today located from the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus , that became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 281–133 BC...
. - Diogenes of Babylon (c. 230-c. 150 BC), Fifth leader of the Stoic school.
- Zenodotus (Stoic) (fl. 150 BC), A pupil of Diogenes of Babylon.
- Apollodorus of SeleuciaApollodorus of SeleuciaApollodorus of Seleucia, , was a Stoic philosopher, and a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon.He wrote a number of handbooks on Stoicism, including ones on Ethics and Physics which are frequently cited by Diogenes Laërtius....
(fl. 150 BC), Pupil of Diogenes of Babylon. - Basilides (Stoic)Basilides (Stoic)Basilides , was a Stoic philosopher who denied the existence of incorporeal entities.Nothing is known about the life of Basilides. From a table of contents in one of the medieval manuscripts, we know that he was listed in the missing part of Book VII of Diogenes Laërtius' Lives and Opinions of...
(fl. c. 150 BC), Denied the existence of incorporeal entities. - Antipater of TarsusAntipater of TarsusAntipater of Tarsus was a Stoic philosopher. He was the pupil and successor of Diogenes of Babylon as leader of the Stoic school, and was the teacher of Panaetius...
(c. 200-129 BC), Sixth leader of the Stoic school. - Apollodorus of Athens (fl. 150 BC), Historian. Pupil of Diogenes and Antipater of TarsusAntipater of TarsusAntipater of Tarsus was a Stoic philosopher. He was the pupil and successor of Diogenes of Babylon as leader of the Stoic school, and was the teacher of Panaetius...
. - Archedemus of TarsusArchedemus of TarsusArchedemus of Tarsus, a Stoic philosopher who flourished c. 140 BC. Two of his works: On the Voice and On Elements , are mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius....
(fl. 140 BC), Founded a Stoic school at BabylonBabylonBabylon was an Akkadian city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...
. - PanaetiusPanaetiusPanaetius of Rhodes was a Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city. After the death of Scipio in 129, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last...
(of Rhodes) (185-109 BC), Seventh leader of the Stoic school. - Boethus of Sidon (Stoic)Boethus of Sidon (Stoic)Boethus was a Stoic philosopher from Sidon, and a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon.He is said to have denied, contrary to the standard Stoic view, that the cosmos is an animate being, and he suggested that it was not the whole world which was divine, but only the ether or sphere of the fixed stars...
(fl. 150 BC), Pupil of Diogenes. - Polemon of AthensPolemon of AthensPolemon was a Stoic philosopher and geographer. Of Athenian citizenship, he is known as Polemon of Athens, but he was born either in Ilium, Samos, or Sicyon, and is also known as Polemon of Ilium and Polemon Periegetes. He travelled throughout Greece, and wrote about the places he visited...
(fl. 150 BC), Geographer, follower of PanaetiusPanaetiusPanaetius of Rhodes was a Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city. After the death of Scipio in 129, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last...
. - Marcus Vigellius (fl. 125 BC), Stoic who lived with PanaetiusPanaetiusPanaetius of Rhodes was a Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city. After the death of Scipio in 129, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last...
. - Heraclides of Tarsus (fl. 125 BC), Pupil of Antipater of TarsusAntipater of TarsusAntipater of Tarsus was a Stoic philosopher. He was the pupil and successor of Diogenes of Babylon as leader of the Stoic school, and was the teacher of Panaetius...
. - DardanusDardanus of AthensDardanus , of Athens, was a Stoic philosopher, lived c. 160-c. 85 BC.He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus. Cicero mentions him as being one of the leaders of the Stoic school at Athens together with Mnesarchus at a time when Antiochus of Ascalon was turning away from...
(c. 160-c. 90 BC), Leading figure in the Stoic school in AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
. - MnesarchusMnesarchus of AthensMnesarchus or Mnesarch , of Athens, was a Stoic philosopher, lived c. 160-c. 85 BC.He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus. Cicero says that he was one of the leaders of the Stoic school at Athens together with Dardanus at a time when Antiochus of Ascalon was turning away...
(c. 160-c. 90 BC), Leading figure in the Stoic school in AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
. - Publius Rutilius RufusPublius Rutilius RufusPublius Rutilius Rufus was a Roman statesman, orator and historian of the Rutilius family, as well as great-uncle of Gaius Julius Caesar....
(158-c. 75 BC), Statesman, orator and historian. Pupil of PanaetiusPanaetiusPanaetius of Rhodes was a Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city. After the death of Scipio in 129, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last...
. - StiloLucius Aelius Stilo PraeconinusLucius Aelius Stilo Praeconinus , of Lanuvium, is the earliest philologist of the Roman Republic. He came from a distinguished family and belonged to the equestrian order....
(c. 154-74 BC), Grammarian and scholar. - Dionysius of CyreneDionysius of CyreneDionysius of Cyrene, lived c. 150 BC, was a Stoic philosopher and mathematician.He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus....
(fl. c. 125 BC), Leading figure in the Stoic school in AthensAthensAthens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
. - Quintus Lucilius BalbusQuintus Lucilius BalbusQuintus Lucilius Balbus was a Stoic philosopher from Cadiz, Spain; the first foreign-born consul of Rome in 40 BC; and a pupil of Panaetius.He appeared to Cicero comparable to the best Greek philosophers...
(fl. c. 125 BC), Stoic philosopher, and a pupil of PanaetiusPanaetiusPanaetius of Rhodes was a Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city. After the death of Scipio in 129, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last...
. - Hecato of RhodesHecato of RhodesHecato or Hecaton of Rhodes was a Stoic philosopher.He was a native of Rhodes, and a disciple of Panaetius, but nothing else is known of his life. It is clear that he was eminent amongst the Stoics of the period. He was a voluminous writer, but nothing remains...
(fl. 100 BC), Pupil of PanaetiusPanaetiusPanaetius of Rhodes was a Stoic philosopher. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus in Athens, before moving to Rome where he did much to introduce Stoic doctrines to the city. After the death of Scipio in 129, he returned to the Stoic school in Athens, and was its last...
, wrote about ethics. - Diotimus the StoicDiotimus the StoicDiotimus was a Stoic philosopher, who lived c. 100 BC.He is said to have accused Epicurus of being depraved, and to have forged fifty letters, professing to have been written by Epicurus, to prove it...
(fl. 100 BC), Stoic who slandered EpicurusEpicurusEpicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism.Only a few fragments and letters remain of Epicurus's 300 written works...
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1st Century BC
- PosidoniusPosidoniusPosidonius "of Apameia" or "of Rhodes" , was a Greek Stoic philosopher, politician, astronomer, geographer, historian and teacher native to Apamea, Syria. He was acclaimed as the greatest polymath of his age...
(of Apamea) (c. 135-51 BC), Stoic philosopher, astronomer, and geographer. - CrinisCrinisCrinis was a Stoic philosopher. It is not certain when he lived, although a line in the Discourses of Epictetus suggests that he lived at, or later than, the time of Archedemus , and that he died from fright:...
(fl. uncertain), Stoic who wrote about logicLogicIn philosophy, Logic is the formal systematic study of the principles of valid inference and correct reasoning. Logic is used in most intellectual activities, but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, and computer science...
. - Proclus of Mallus (fl. uncertain), Stoic philosopher and writer.
- Diodotus the StoicDiodotus the StoicDiodotus was a Stoic philosopher, and was a friend of Cicero.He lived for most of his life in Rome in Cicero's house, where he instructed Cicero in Stoic philosophy and especially Logic...
(c. 130-59 BC), Stoic teacher of CiceroCiceroMarcus Tullius Cicero , was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.He introduced the Romans to the chief...
who lived in Cicero's house. - Geminus of Rhodes (c. 110-c. 40 BC), Astronomer and mathematician.
- Athenodoros CordylionAthenodoros CordylionAthenodoros Cordylion was a Stoic philosopher, born in Tarsus. He was the keeper of the library at Pergamon, where he was known to cut out passages from books on Stoic philosophy if he disagreed with them:...
(c. 130-60 BC), Librarian at PergamonPergamonPergamon , or Pergamum, was an ancient Greek city in modern-day Turkey, in Mysia, today located from the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus , that became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 281–133 BC...
, lived with CatoCato the YoungerMarcus Porcius Cato Uticensis , commonly known as Cato the Younger to distinguish him from his great-grandfather , was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy...
. - Apollonius of Tyre (philosopher) (fl. 50 BC), Stoic philosopher who wrote a biography of ZenoZeno of CitiumZeno of Citium was a Greek philosopher from Citium . Zeno was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC. Based on the moral ideas of the Cynics, Stoicism laid great emphasis on goodness and peace of mind gained from living a life of virtue in...
. - Cato the YoungerCato the YoungerMarcus Porcius Cato Uticensis , commonly known as Cato the Younger to distinguish him from his great-grandfather , was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy...
(95-46 BC), Statesman who opposed Julius CaesarJulius CaesarGaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
. - Antipater of TyreAntipater of TyreAntipater of Tyre was a Stoic philosopher, and a contemporary of Cato the Younger and Cicero. Antipater is said to have befriended Cato when the latter was a young man. He appears to be the same as the Antipater of Tyre mentioned by Strabo....
(c. 100-45 BC), Friend of CatoCato the YoungerMarcus Porcius Cato Uticensis , commonly known as Cato the Younger to distinguish him from his great-grandfather , was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy...
. Wrote about practical ethics. - Apollonides (fl. 50 BC), Stoic philosopher whom CatoCato the YoungerMarcus Porcius Cato Uticensis , commonly known as Cato the Younger to distinguish him from his great-grandfather , was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy...
consulted before committing suicide. - Jason of NysaJason of NysaJason of Nysa, a Stoic philosopher, son of Menecrates, and, on his mother's side, grandson of Posidonius, of whom also he was the disciple and successor at the Stoic school at Rhodes. He therefore flourished after the middle of the 1st century BC...
(fl. 50 BC), Grandson of PosidoniusPosidoniusPosidonius "of Apameia" or "of Rhodes" , was a Greek Stoic philosopher, politician, astronomer, geographer, historian and teacher native to Apamea, Syria. He was acclaimed as the greatest polymath of his age...
. - Athenodoros CananitesAthenodoros CananitesAthenodorus Cananites was a Stoic philosopher. He was born in Canana, near Tarsus ; his father was Sandon...
(c. 74 BC-7 AD), Pupil of PosidoniusPosidoniusPosidonius "of Apameia" or "of Rhodes" , was a Greek Stoic philosopher, politician, astronomer, geographer, historian and teacher native to Apamea, Syria. He was acclaimed as the greatest polymath of his age...
. Teacher of AugustusAugustusAugustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
. - Stertinius (Stoic) (fl. 50 BC), Philosopher satirised by the poet HoraceHoraceQuintus Horatius Flaccus , known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus.-Life:...
. - Quintus SextiusQuintus SextiusQuintus Sextius the Elder was a Roman philosopher, whose philosophy combined Pythagoreanism with Stoicism. His praises were frequently celebrated by Seneca.-Life:...
(fl. 40 BC), Set up a school teaching Stoicism mixed with PythagoreanismPythagoreanismPythagoreanism was the system of esoteric and metaphysical beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans, who were considerably influenced by mathematics. Pythagoreanism originated in the 5th century BCE and greatly influenced Platonism...
. - Arius DidymusArius DidymusArius Didymus of Alexandria, was a Stoic philosopher and teacher of Augustus. Fragments of his handbooks summarizing Stoic and Peripatetic doctrines are preserved by Stobaeus and Eusebius.-Life:...
(of Alexandria) (fl. 10 BC), Collected excerpts from earlier Stoic writers.
1st Century AD
- Theon of Alexandria (fl. 10 AD), Stoic philosopher.
- Attalus (Stoic)Attalus (Stoic)Attalus was a Stoic philosopher in the reign of Tiberius , who was defrauded of his property by Sejanus, and reduced to cultivating the ground. He taught the philosopher Seneca, who frequently quotes him, and speaks of him in the highest terms. The elder Seneca describes him as a man of great...
(fl. 25 AD), Stoic philosopher frequently visited by SenecaSeneca the YoungerLucius Annaeus Seneca was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and in one work humorist, of the Silver Age of Latin literature. He was tutor and later advisor to emperor Nero...
. - Papirius FabianusPapirius FabianusPapirius Fabianus was an Ancient Roman rhetorician and philosopher from the gens Papirius in the time of Tiberius and Caligula, in the first half of the 1st century AD....
(fl. 30 AD), Teacher of Seneca. Rhetorician and philosopher. - Julius Canus (fl. 30 AD), Stoic philosopher condemned to death by CaligulaCaligulaCaligula , also known as Gaius, was Roman Emperor from 37 AD to 41 AD. Caligula was a member of the house of rulers conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Caligula's father Germanicus, the nephew and adopted son of Emperor Tiberius, was a very successful general and one of Rome's most...
. - Lucius Annaeus Seneca (c. 4 BC-65 AD), Statesman, philosopher, and playwright.
- Thrasea Paetus (c. 10 AD-66 AD), Roman senator and Stoic.
- Lucius Annaeus CornutusLucius Annaeus CornutusLucius Annaeus Cornutus, , a Stoic philosopher, flourished in the reign of Nero , when his house in Rome was a school of philosophy.-Life:He was a native of Leptis Magna in Libya, but resided for the most part in Rome...
(c. 20-c. 70 AD), Stoic teacher who wrote a Compendium of Greek Theology. - Chaeremon of AlexandriaChaeremon of AlexandriaChaeremon of Alexandria was a Stoic philosopher, historian, and grammarian.Chaeremon was superintendent of the portion of the Alexandrian library that was kept in the Temple of Serapis, and as custodian and expounder of the sacred books he belonged to the higher ranks of the priesthood...
(fl. 50 AD), Stoic philosopher and grammarian. Librarian at AlexandriaAlexandriaAlexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
. - Paconius AgrippinusPaconius AgrippinusPaconius Agrippinus was a Stoic philosopher of the 1st century. His father was put to death by the Roman emperor Tiberius on a charge of treason. Agrippinus himself was accused at the same time as Thrasea, around 67 AD, and was banished from Italy. As a philosopher he was spoken of with praise...
(fl. 60 AD), Stoic philosopher spoken of with praise by EpictetusEpictetusEpictetus was a Greek sage and Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia , and lived in Rome until banishment when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece where he lived the rest of his life. His teachings were noted down and published by his pupil Arrian in his Discourses...
. - Heliodorus (Stoic) (fl. 60 AD), Stoic philosopher. Informer in the reign of NeroNeroNero , was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and succeeded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death....
. - Publius Egnatius CelerPublius Egnatius CelerPublius Egnatius Celer, , was a Stoic philosopher, who as a result of being an informer in the reign of Nero, was sentenced to death in the reign of Vespasian....
(fl. 60 AD), Stoic philosopher. Informer in the reign of NeroNeroNero , was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and succeeded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death....
. - Helvidius PriscusHelvidius PriscusHelvidius Priscus, Stoic philosopher and statesman, lived during the reigns of Nero, Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian.Like his father-in-law, Thrasea Paetus, he was distinguished for his ardent and courageous republicanism. Although he repeatedly offended his rulers, he held several high offices...
(fl. 65 AD), Stoic philosopher and statesman. - Arulenus RusticusArulenus RusticusQuintus Junius Arulenus Rusticus, , is more usually called Arulenus Rusticus, but sometimes also Junius Rusticus. He was a friend and follower of Thrasea Paetus, and, like the latter, an ardent admirer of Stoic philosophy...
(c. 30-93 AD), Statesman. Friend and pupil of Thrasea Paetus. - Musonius RufusMusonius RufusGaius Musonius Rufus, was a Roman Stoic philosopher of the 1st century AD. He taught philosophy in Rome during the reign of Nero, as consequence of which he was sent into exile in 65 AD, only returning to Rome under Galba...
(c. 25-c. 90 AD), Stoic teacher and writer. - Euphrates the StoicEuphrates the StoicEuphrates , was an eminent Stoic philosopher, who lived c. 35-118 AD.According to Philostratus, he was a native of Tyre, and according to Stephanus of Byzantium, of Epiphania in Syria; whereas Eunapius calls him an Egyptian. At the time when Pliny the Younger served in Syria , he became acquainted...
(c. 35-118 AD), Philosopher, orator and pupil of Musonius RufusMusonius RufusGaius Musonius Rufus, was a Roman Stoic philosopher of the 1st century AD. He taught philosophy in Rome during the reign of Nero, as consequence of which he was sent into exile in 65 AD, only returning to Rome under Galba...
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2nd Century AD
- CleomedesCleomedesCleomedes was a Greek astronomer who is known chiefly for his book On the Circular Motions of the Celestial Bodies.-Placing his work chronologically:...
(fl. uncertain), Astronomer who lived later than PosidoniusPosidoniusPosidonius "of Apameia" or "of Rhodes" , was a Greek Stoic philosopher, politician, astronomer, geographer, historian and teacher native to Apamea, Syria. He was acclaimed as the greatest polymath of his age...
. - EpictetusEpictetusEpictetus was a Greek sage and Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia , and lived in Rome until banishment when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece where he lived the rest of his life. His teachings were noted down and published by his pupil Arrian in his Discourses...
(of Hierapolis) (c. 55-c. 135 AD), Philosopher, pupil of Musonius RufusMusonius RufusGaius Musonius Rufus, was a Roman Stoic philosopher of the 1st century AD. He taught philosophy in Rome during the reign of Nero, as consequence of which he was sent into exile in 65 AD, only returning to Rome under Galba...
. - Hierocles (Stoic)Hierocles (Stoic)Hierocles was a Stoic philosopher. Nothing is known about his life. Aulus Gellius mentions him as one of his contemporaries, and describes him as a "grave and holy man."...
(fl. 150 AD), Philosopher, wrote "Elements of Ethics". - Flavius Arrianus (c. 90-175 AD), Historian and pupil of Epictetus.
- Basilides of ScythopolisBasilides (Stoic)Basilides , was a Stoic philosopher who denied the existence of incorporeal entities.Nothing is known about the life of Basilides. From a table of contents in one of the medieval manuscripts, we know that he was listed in the missing part of Book VII of Diogenes Laërtius' Lives and Opinions of...
(fl. 150 AD), Teacher of Marcus Aurelius. - Apollonius of Chalcedon (fl. 150 AD), Stoic teacher of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
- Claudius MaximusClaudius MaximusClaudius Maximus was a Stoic philosopher and a teacher of Marcus Aurelius.Marcus describes him as the perfect sage:From Maximus I learned self-government, and not to be led aside by anything; and cheerfulness in all circumstances, as well as in illness; and a just admixture in the moral character...
(fl. 150 AD), Stoic philosopher and friend of Marcus Aurelius. - Cinna Catulus (fl. 150 AD), Stoic teacher of Marcus Aurelius.
- Sextus of ChaeroneaSextus of ChaeroneaSextus of Chaeronea was a Stoic philosopher, a nephew or grandson of Plutarch, and one of the teachers of the emperor Marcus Aurelius....
(fl. 160 AD), Stoic philosopher and teacher of Marcus Aurelius. - Junius RusticusJunius RusticusQuintus Junius Rusticus , probably a grandson of Arulenus Rusticus, was one of the teachers of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, and the most distinguished Stoic philosophers of his time...
(c. 100-c. 170 AD), Philosopher and Consul. Adviser of Marcus Aurelius. - Marcus Aurelius (121-180 AD), Roman Emperor from 161-180 AD.
3rd Century AD
- Medius (fl. 250 AD), Debated the Stoic theory of eight parts of the soul with Longinus