The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Middle Ages:

Middle Ages

Middle Ages

The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...

– periodization

Periodization

Periodization is the attempt to categorize or divide time into named blocks. The result is a descriptive abstraction that provides a useful handle on periods of time with relatively stable characteristics...

 of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Decline of the Roman Empire

The decline of the Roman Empire refers to the gradual societal collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Many theories of causality prevail, but most concern the disintegration of political, economic, military, and other social institutions, in tandem with foreign invasions and usurpers from within the...

 in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic

Classical antiquity

Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world...

, Medieval and Modern

Modern history

Modern history, or the modern era, describes the historical timeline after the Middle Ages. Modern history can be further broken down into the early modern period and the late modern period after the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution...

.

Essence of the Middle Ages

Main article: Middle Ages

Middle Ages

The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...

• Medieval chronological timeline
  Medieval chronological timeline
  Note: All dates are Common Era.-6th century:-7th century:-8th century:-9th century:-10th century:-11th century:-12th century:-13th century:-14th century:-15th century:-1492-1499:...
  
  

Periodization

• Early Middle Ages
  Early Middle Ages
  The Early Middle Ages was the period of European history lasting from the 5th century to approximately 1000. The Early Middle Ages followed the decline of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages...
  
  
• High Middle Ages
  High Middle Ages
  The High Middle Ages was the period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries . The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500....
  
  
• Late Middle Ages
  Late Middle Ages
  The Late Middle Ages was the period of European history generally comprising the 14th to the 16th century . The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern era ....
  
  
  • Crisis of the Late Middle Ages
    Crisis of the Late Middle Ages
    The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages refers to a series of events in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that brought centuries of European prosperity and growth to a halt...
    
    

Medieval history by region

• Albania in the Middle Ages
  Albania in the Middle Ages
  The Middle Ages in Albania is that period that starts after the region that is now Albania in the Byzantine Empire, until their incorporation in the Ottoman Empire....
  
  
• History of Bosnia and Herzegovina (958–1463)
  • Visoko during the Middle Ages
    Visoko during the Middle Ages
    Archaeological excavations proved that the Visoko Valley was the center of a medieval Bosnian state and later kingdom. Many royal charters were written in Visoko and surrounding locations...
    
    
• Britain in the Middle Ages
  Britain in the Middle Ages
  England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the Medieval period — from the end of Roman rule in Britain through to the Early Modern period...
  
  
  • Invasions of the British Isles
    Invasions of the British Isles
    Invasions of the British Isles have occurred throughout modern history. Indeed, the various nations comprising the British Isles were invaded several times; by the Romans, Scandinavians, the French, and one another....
    
    
  • Medieval religion in England
    Medieval Religion in England
    -History of medieval Christianity in England:By the 6th century, Christianity had spread rapidly in Ireland. This spread originated with Saint Patrick. During the sixth century Columba is credited with spreading Christianity to Scotland and the north of England. With the Decline of the Roman...
    
    
• Byzantine Empire
  Byzantine Empire
  The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
  
  
• Medieval Croatian state
  Medieval Croatian state
  Medieval Croatia can refer to:* Principality of Pannonian Croatia - medieval duchy in existence between the 7th and 10th centuries A.D.* Principality of Littoral Croatia - medieval principality in existence between the 8th century and 925 A.D....
  
  
• Cyprus in the Middle Ages
  Cyprus in the Middle Ages
  The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half.-Byzantine period:After the division of the Roman Empire into an eastern half and a western half, Cyprus came under the rule of Byzantium...
  
  
• History of the Czech lands in the Middle Ages
  History of the Czech lands in the Middle Ages
  Whilst an independent principality, the Czech lands formerly within Great Moravia were sometime vassals of the Holy Roman Empire as the Duchy of Bohemia from the 10th century...
  
  
• France in the Middle Ages
  France in the Middle Ages
  France in the Middle Ages covers an area roughly corresponding to modern day France, from the death of Louis the Pious in 840 to the middle of the 15th century...
  
  
• Germany in the Middle Ages
• Holy Roman Empire
  Holy Roman Empire
  The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
  
  
• Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages
  Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages
  The Kingdom of Hungary was formed from the previous Principality of Hungarywith the coronation of Stephen I in AD 1000. This was a result of the conversion of Géza of Hungary to the Western Church in the 970s....
  
  
• Italy in the Middle Ages
  Italy in the Middle Ages
  This is the history of Italy during the Middle Ages.- Transition from Late Antiquity :Italy was invaded by the Visigoths in the 5th century, and Rome was sacked by Alaric in 410. The last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed in 476 by an Eastern Germanic general, Odoacer...
  
  
• Poland in the Middle Ages
  Poland in the Middle Ages
  Poland in the Middle Ages is a period of Polish history covering roughly a millennium in the 5th century through to the 16th century. It is commonly dated from the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and contrasted with a later Early Modern Period; the time during which the rise of humanism in the...
  
  
• Romania in the Middle Ages
  Romania in the Middle Ages
  The Middle Ages in Romania began with the withdrawal of the Mongols, the last of the migrating populations to invade the territory of modern Romania, after their attack of 1241–1242...
  
  
• Scotland in the Middle Ages
  • Scotland in the High Middle Ages
    Scotland in the High Middle Ages
    The High Middle Ages of Scotland encompass Scotland in the era between the death of Domnall II in 900 AD and the death of king Alexander III in 1286...
    
    
    • Culture of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      Culture of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      Culture of Scotland in the High Middle Ages refers to the forms of cultural expression that come from Scotland in the High Medieval period which, for the purposes of this article, refers to the period between the death of Domnall II in 900, and the death of Alexander III in 1286...
      
      
    • Economy of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      Economy of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      The Economy of Scotland in the High Middle Ages for the purposes of this article pertains to the economic situation in Scotland between the death of Domnall II in 900, and the death of Alexander III in 1286 which then led indirectly to the Scottish Wars of Independence...
      
      
    • Legal institutions of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      Legal institutions of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      Scottish legal institutions in the High Middle Ages are, for the purposes of this article, the informal and formal systems which governed and helped to manage Scottish society between the years 900 and 1288, a period roughly corresponding with the general European era usually called the High Middle...
      
      
    • Society of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      Society of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      Scottish Society in the High Middle Ages pertains to Scottish society roughly between 900 and 1286, a period roughly corresponding to the general historical era known as the High Middle Ages.-Stratification:High Medieval Scottish society was stratified...
      
      
    • Warfare of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      Warfare of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
      The Scottish army of the High Middle Ages for the purposes of this article pertains to the fighting men and military systems that existed in Scotland between the death of Domnall II in 900, and the death of Alexander III in 1286, which fell before and indirectly led to the military conflict known...
      
      
  • Scotland in the Late Middle Ages
    Scotland in the Late Middle Ages
    Scotland in the late Middle Ages established its independence from England under figures including William Wallace in the late 13th century and Robert Bruce in the 14th century...
    
    
• History of Medieval Serbia
  History of Medieval Serbia
  Тhe medieval history of Serbia begins in the 5th century AD with the Slavic invasion of the Balkans, and lasts until the Ottoman occupation of 1540.- Slavic invasion :...
  
  
  • Sarajevo during the Middle Ages
    Sarajevo during the Middle Ages
    The Slavs came to Bosnia in the 7th century, but details of their movement and settlement through the country remain a mystery. Some Slavic artifacts remain from the time however, and it is fairly certain that they settled in the Sarajevo valley, replacing the Illyrians...
    
    
• Spain in the Middle Ages
  Spain in the Middle Ages
  After the disorders of the passage of the Vandals and Alans down the Mediterranean coast of Hispania from 408, the history of Medieval Spain begins with the Iberian kingdom of the Arianist Visigoths , who were converted to Catholicism with their king Reccared in 587...
  
  
• Medieval Thessalonica
  Medieval Thessalonica
  Thessalonica in the Middle Ages may refer to Thessalonica city,, Thessalonica or to the Latin Kingdom of Thessalonica.-Sack of Thessalonica:...
  
  
• Thessaly in the Middle Ages
• Wales in the Late Middle Ages
  Wales in the Late Middle Ages
  Wales in the Late Middle Ages covers the period from the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd in late 1282 to the incorporation of Wales into the Kingdom of England by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542.-Death of Llywelyn:...
  
  

Medieval history by subject

• Allegory in the Middle Ages
  Allegory in the Middle Ages
  Allegory in the Middle Ages was a vital element in the synthesis of Biblical and Classical traditions into what would become recognizable as Medieval culture...
  
  
• Medieval archaeology
  Medieval archaeology
  Medieval archaeology is the study of humankind through its material culture, specialising in the period of the European Middle Ages. At its broadest, the period stretches from the 5th to the 16th century and refers to post-Roman but pre modern remains. The period covers the upheaval caused by the...
  
  
• Medieval armies
  • Byzantine army
    Byzantine army
    The Byzantine army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine navy. A direct descendant of the Roman army, the Byzantine army maintained a similar level of discipline, strategic prowess and organization...
    
    
  • Great Heathen Army
    Great Heathen Army
    The Great Heathen Army, also known as the Great Army or the Great Danish Army, was a Viking army originating in Denmark which pillaged and conquered much of England in the late 9th century...
    
    
  • Komnenian army
    Komnenian army
    The Komnenian Byzantine army or Komnenian army was the force established by Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos during the late 11th/early 12th century, and perfected by his successors John II Komnenos and Manuel I Komnenos during the 12th century. Alexios constructed a new army from the ground...
    
    
  • Moldavian military forces
    Moldavian military forces
    Moldavia had a military force for much of its history as an independent and, later, autonomous principality subject to the Ottoman Empire .-Middle Ages:Under the reign of Stephen the Great, all farmers and villagers had to bear arms...
    
    
  • Sassanid army
    Sassanid army
    The birth of the Sassanid army dates back to the rise of Ardashir I , the founder of the Sassanid dynasty, to the throne. Ardashir aimed at the revival of the Persian Empire, and to further this aim, he reformed the military by forming a standing army which was under his personal command and whose...
    
    
• Medieval art
  Medieval art
  The medieval art of the Western world covers a vast scope of time and place, over 1000 years of art history in Europe, and at times the Middle East and North Africa...
  
  
  • Medieval dance
    Medieval dance
    Sources for an understanding of dance in Europe in the Middle Ages are limited and fragmentary, being composed of some depictions in paintings and illuminations, a few musical examples of what may be dances, and scattered allusions in literary texts...
    
    
  • Medieval music
    Medieval music
    Medieval music is Western music written during the Middle Ages. This era begins with the fall of the Roman Empire and ends sometime in the early fifteenth century...
    
    
  • Medieval poetry
    Medieval poetry
    Because most of what we have was written down by clerics, much of extant medieval poetry is religious. The chief exception is the work of the troubadours and the minnesänger, whose primary innovation was the ideal of courtly love. Among the most famous of secular poetry is Carmina Burana, a...
    
    
  • Medieval theatre
    Medieval theatre
    Medieval theatre refers to the theatre of Europe between the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century A.D. and the beginning of the Renaissance in approximately the 15th century A.D...
    
    
  • Romance (genre)
    Romance (genre)
    As a literary genre of high culture, romance or chivalric romance is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures, often of a knight errant portrayed as...
    
    
• Medieval architecture
  Medieval architecture
  Medieval architecture is a term used to represent various forms of architecture common in Medieval Europe.-Characteristics:-Religious architecture:...
  
  
  • Castle
    Castle
    A castle is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars debate the scope of the word castle, but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble...
    
    
  • Medieval churches of York
    Medieval churches of York
    York had around forty-five parish churches in 1300. Twenty survive, in whole or in part, a number surpassed in England only by Norwich, and twelve are currently used for worship...
    
    
  • Medieval fortification
    Medieval fortification
    Medieval fortification is military methods of Medieval technology that covers the development of fortification construction and use in Europe roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance...
    
    
• Medieval Christianity
• Medieval climate
  • Medieval Warm Period
    Medieval Warm Period
    The Medieval Warm Period , Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region, that may also have been related to other climate events around the world during that time, including in China, New Zealand, and other countries lasting from...
    
    
• Medieval communes
• Medieval chronological timeline
  Medieval chronological timeline
  Note: All dates are Common Era.-6th century:-7th century:-8th century:-9th century:-10th century:-11th century:-12th century:-13th century:-14th century:-15th century:-1492-1499:...
  
  
• Crisis of the Late Middle Ages
  Crisis of the Late Middle Ages
  The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages refers to a series of events in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that brought centuries of European prosperity and growth to a halt...
  
  
• Crusades
  Crusades
  The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...
  
  
• Medieval cuisine
  Medieval cuisine
  Medieval cuisine includes the foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, a period roughly dating from the 5th to the 16th century...
  
  
• Medieval culture
  • Byzantine silk
    Byzantine silk
    Byzantine silk is silk woven in the Byzantine Empire from about the 4th century until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.The Byzantine capital of Constantinople was the first significant silk-weaving center in Europe. Silk was one of the most important commodities in the Byzantine economy, used by...
    
    
  • Market town
    Market town
    Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the medieval period, for a European settlement that has the right to host markets, distinguishing it from a village and city...
    
    
• Medieval demography
  Medieval demography
  This article discusses human demography in Europe during the Middle Ages, including population trends and movements. Demographic changes helped to shape and define the Middle Ages...
  
  
• Medieval education
  • Medieval university
    Medieval university
    Medieval university is an institution of higher learning which was established during High Middle Ages period and is a corporation.The first institutions generally considered to be universities were established in Italy, France, and England in the late 11th and the 12th centuries for the study of...
    
    
• Medieval etymology
  Medieval etymology
  Medieval etymology is the study of the history of words as conducted by scholars in the European Middle Ages.Etymology is the study of the origins of words. Before the beginnings of large-scale modern lexicography in the 16th century and the discovery of the comparative method in the 18th, a...
  
  
• Medieval gardening
  Medieval gardening
  Medieval gardening, or gardening during the medieval period, had a primary purpose of providing food for households. For the purposes of this article, the European medieval era will be considered to span from 400 to 1400 CE, though appropriate references may be made to earlier and later times. ...
  
  
• Medieval guilds
  Guild
  A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade. The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of workers. They were organized in a manner something between a trade union, a cartel, and a secret society...
  
  
• Horses in the Middle Ages
  Horses in the Middle Ages
  Horses in the Middle Ages differed in size, build and breed from the modern horse, and were, on average, smaller. They were also more central to society than their modern counterparts, being essential for war, agriculture, and transport....
  
  
• Medieval household
  Medieval household
  The medieval household was, like modern households, the centre of family life for all classes of European society. Yet in contrast to the household of today, it consisted of many more individuals than the nuclear family...
  
  
• Medieval hunting
  Medieval hunting
  Throughout Western Europe in the Middle Ages, men hunted wild animals. While game was at times an important source of food, it was rarely the principal source of nutrition. Hunting was engaged by all classes, but by the High Middle Ages, the necessity of hunting was transformed into a stylized...
  
  
• Medieval Inquisition
  Medieval Inquisition
  The Medieval Inquisition is a series of Inquisitions from around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition and later the Papal Inquisition...
  
  
• History of the Jews in the Middle Ages
  Jews in the Middle Ages
  The history of Jews in the Middle Ages spans the timeframe of approximately 500 CE to 1750 CE. This article covers the medieval history of Jews in the Christian-dominated European region...
  
  
• Medieval languages
  • Middle English
    Middle English
    Middle English is the stage in the history of the English language during the High and Late Middle Ages, or roughly during the four centuries between the late 11th and the late 15th century....
    
    
  • Medieval Greek
    Medieval Greek
    Medieval Greek, also known as Byzantine Greek, is the stage of the Greek language between the beginning of the Middle Ages around 600 and the Ottoman conquest of the city of Constantinople in 1453. The latter date marked the end of the Middle Ages in Southeast Europe...
    
    
  • Medieval Hebrew
    Medieval Hebrew
    Medieval Hebrew has many features that distinguish it from older forms of Hebrew. These affect grammar, syntax, sentence structure, and also include a wide variety of new lexical items, which are usually based on older forms....
    
    
  • Old Irish language
    Old Irish language
    Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive written texts are extant. It was used from the 6th to the 10th centuries, by which time it had developed into Middle Irish....
    
    
  • Middle Irish language
    Middle Irish language
    Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man from the 10th to 12th centuries; it is therefore a contemporary of late Old English and early Middle English...
    
    
  • Medieval Latin
    Medieval Latin
    Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the liturgical language of the medieval Roman Catholic Church, but also as a language of science, literature, law, and administration. Despite the clerical origin of many of its authors,...
    
    
  • Middle Welsh language
    Middle Welsh language
    Middle Welsh is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 14th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed from Old Welsh....
    
    
• Medieval literature
  Medieval literature
  Medieval literature is a broad subject, encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages . The literature of this time was composed of religious writings as well as secular works...
  
  
  • Medieval Dutch literature
    Medieval Dutch literature
    Medieval Dutch literature is the Dutch literature produced in the Low Countries from the earliest stages of the language up to the sixteenth century.-Early stages:...
    
    
  • Medieval French literature
    Medieval French literature
    Medieval French literature is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in Oïl languages during the period from the eleventh century to the end of the fifteenth century....
    
    
  • Medieval German literature
    Medieval German literature
    Medieval German literature refers to literature written in Germany, stretching from the Carolingian dynasty; various dates have been given for the end of the German literary Middle Ages, the Reformation being the last possible cut-off point....
    
    
  • Early Irish literature
    Early Irish literature
    -The earliest Irish authors:It is unclear when literacy first came to Ireland. The earliest Irish writings are inscriptions, mostly simple memorials, on stone in the ogham alphabet, the earliest of which date to the fourth century...
    
    
  • Medieval numeral
  • Medieval poetry
    Medieval poetry
    Because most of what we have was written down by clerics, much of extant medieval poetry is religious. The chief exception is the work of the troubadours and the minnesänger, whose primary innovation was the ideal of courtly love. Among the most famous of secular poetry is Carmina Burana, a...
    
    
  • Romance (genre)
    Romance (genre)
    As a literary genre of high culture, romance or chivalric romance is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures, often of a knight errant portrayed as...
    
    
  • Medieval Welsh literature
    Medieval Welsh literature
    Medieval Welsh literature is the literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages. This includes material from the fifth century, when Welsh was in the process of becoming distinct from the British language, to the works of the 16th century....
    
    
• Medieval maritime culture
  Medieval European maritime culture
  The medieval maritime culture began with the remnants of the naval tradition of the Roman Empire, included the technological advances that enabled the Vikings to colonize North America in 982, suffered tremendously during the crises of the 14th century, prospered to serve the European demand for...
  
  
• Medieval medicine
  Medieval medicine
  Medieval medicine in Western Europe was composed of a mixture of existing ideas from antiquity, spiritual influences and what Claude Lévi-Strauss identifies as the "shamanistic complex" and "social consensus." In this era, there was no tradition of scientific medicine, and observations went...
  
  
  • Black Death
    Black Death
    The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. Of several competing theories, the dominant explanation for the Black Death is the plague theory, which attributes the outbreak to the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Thought to have...
    
    
• Medieval money
  • Bezant
    Bezant
    Bezant is a medieval term for a gold coin from the Byzantine Empire, which term is derived from the Greek name Βυζάντιον for the relatively minor city which in the 4th c. became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, renamed Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great...
    
    
• Medieval philosophy
  Medieval philosophy
  Medieval philosophy is the philosophy in the era now known as medieval or the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century AD to the Renaissance in the sixteenth century...
  
  
• Medieval religion
  • Allegory in the Middle Ages
    Allegory in the Middle Ages
    Allegory in the Middle Ages was a vital element in the synthesis of Biblical and Classical traditions into what would become recognizable as Medieval culture...
    
    
  • Christian monasticism
    Christian monasticism
    Christian monasticism is a practice which began to develop early in the history of the Christian Church, modeled upon scriptural examples and ideals, including those in the Old Testament, but not mandated as an institution in the scriptures. It has come to be regulated by religious rules Christian...
    
    
  • Medieval churches of York
    Medieval churches of York
    York had around forty-five parish churches in 1300. Twenty survive, in whole or in part, a number surpassed in England only by Norwich, and twelve are currently used for worship...
    
    
  • Medieval Roman Catholic Missions in China
    Medieval Roman Catholic Missions in China
    The second major thrust of Christianity into China occurred during the 13th century. The Mongols, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, began reaching outward from Central Asia, invading neighbouring countries and incorporating them into an empire that at its height included northern China and...
    
    
• Medieval science
  • Alchemy
    Alchemy
    Alchemy is an influential philosophical tradition whose early practitioners’ claims to profound powers were known from antiquity. The defining objectives of alchemy are varied; these include the creation of the fabled philosopher's stone possessing powers including the capability of turning base...
    
    
• Slave trade in the Middle Ages
• Medieval sport
  • Medieval football
  • Medieval tournament
    Tournament (medieval)
    A tournament, or tourney is the name popularly given to chivalrous competitions or mock fights of the Middle Ages and Renaissance . It is one of various types of hastiludes....
    
    
• Medieval superstition
  • Medieval revenant
    Medieval revenant
    A revenant is a visible ghost or animated corpse that was believed to return from the grave to terrorize the living. The word "revenant" is derived from the Latin word, revenans, "returning", from the verb "revenire"; in French, "revenant" means "coming back", from the verb "revenir", meaning "to...
    
    
  • Medieval witchcraft
• Medieval technology
  Medieval technology
  Medieval technology refers to the technology used in medieval Europe under Christian rule. After the Renaissance of the 12th century, medieval Europe saw a radical change in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth...
  
  
• Medieval warfare
  Medieval warfare
  Medieval warfare is the warfare of the Middle Ages. In Europe, technological, cultural, and social developments had forced a dramatic transformation in the character of warfare from antiquity, changing military tactics and the role of cavalry and artillery...
  
  
  • Byzantine battle tactics
    Byzantine battle tactics
    The Byzantine army evolved from that of the late Roman Empire. The language of the army was still Latin but it became considerably more sophisticated in terms of strategy, tactics and organization...
    
    
  • Castle
    Castle
    A castle is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars debate the scope of the word castle, but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble...
    
    
  • Crusades
    Crusades
    The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...
    
    
  • Medieval fortification
    Medieval fortification
    Medieval fortification is military methods of Medieval technology that covers the development of fortification construction and use in Europe roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance...
    
    
  • Siege engine
    Siege engine
    A siege engine is a device that is designed to break or circumvent city walls and other fortifications in siege warfare. Some have been operated close to the fortifications, while others have been used to attack from a distance. From antiquity, siege engines were constructed largely of wood and...
    
    
  • Warfare of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
    Warfare of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
    The Scottish army of the High Middle Ages for the purposes of this article pertains to the fighting men and military systems that existed in Scotland between the death of Domnall II in 900, and the death of Alexander III in 1286, which fell before and indirectly led to the military conflict known...
    
    
• Medieval wonders
  • Seven wonders of the Middle Ages

History of medieval history

• The Autumn of the Middle Ages
  The Autumn of the Middle Ages
  The Autumn of the Middle Ages, or The Waning of the Middle Ages, is the best-known work by the Dutch historian Johan Huizinga....
  
  
• Dictionary of the Middle Ages
  Dictionary of the Middle Ages
  The Dictionary of the Middle Ages is a 13-volume encyclopedia of the Middle Ages published by the American Council of Learned Societies between 1982 and 1989. It was first conceived and started in 1975 with American medieval historian Joseph Strayer of Princeton University as editor-in-chief...
  
  
• English historians in the Middle Ages
  English historians in the Middle Ages
  Historians of England in the Middle Ages helped to lay the groundwork for modern historical historiography, providing vital accounts of the early history of England, Wales and Normandy, its cultures, and revelations about the historians themselves....
  
  
• Medieval archaeology
  Medieval archaeology
  Medieval archaeology is the study of humankind through its material culture, specialising in the period of the European Middle Ages. At its broadest, the period stretches from the 5th to the 16th century and refers to post-Roman but pre modern remains. The period covers the upheaval caused by the...
  
  
• Medievalism
  Medievalism
  Medievalism is the system of belief and practice characteristic of the Middle Ages, or devotion to elements of that period, which has been expressed in areas such as architecture, literature, music, art, philosophy, scholarship, and various vehicles of popular culture.Since the 18th century, a...
  
  
• Medievalist
• Medieval fantasy
  Medieval fantasy
  Medieval fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy that encompasses medieval era high fantasy and sometimes simply represents fictitious versions of historic events. This subgenre is common among role-playing games, text-based roleplaying, and high-fantasy literature....
  
  
• Medieval popular Bible
  Medieval popular Bible
  The Medieval popular Bible is a term used especially in literary studies, but also in art history and other disciplines, to encompass the wide variety of presentations of Biblical material in medieval culture outwith the exegetical tradition....
  
  
• Medieval reenactment
  Medieval reenactment
  Medieval reenactment is a form of historical reenactment that focuses on re-enacting European history in the period from the fall of Rome to about the end of the 15th century. The second half of this period is often called the Middle Ages...
  
  
• Middle Ages in film
  Middle Ages in film
  Medieval films imagine and portray the Middle Ages through the visual, audio and thematic forms of cinema.-Background:The 20th century is not the first to create images of life during medieval times. The Middle Ages ended over five centuries ago and each century has imagined, portrayed and depicted...
  
  
• Neo-medievalism
  Neo-medievalism
  Neo-medievalism is a neologism that was first popularized by Italian medievalist Umberto Eco in his 1973 essay "Dreaming in the Middle Ages"...
  
  
• Medieval food

:Category:Medieval law

Medieval historical societies

• Medieval Academy of America
  Medieval Academy of America
  The Medieval Academy of America is the largest organization in the United States promoting excellence in the field of medieval studies. It was founded in 1925 and is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts...
  
  
• Medieval Chronicle Society
  Medieval Chronicle Society
  The Medieval Chronicle Society is an international and interdisciplinary organization founded to facilitate the work of scholars interested in medieval annals and chronicles, or more generally medieval historiography. It was founded in 1999 and in February 2011 had 380 members.-Aims and...
  
  
• Medieval Combat Society
• Medieval Scenarios and Recreations
  Medieval Scenarios and Recreations
  Medieval Scenarios and Recreations, known simply as MSR, is a non-profit Living History organization dedicated to the education, understanding and appreciation of the Middle Ages...
  
  
• The Medieval Siege Society

Medieval themed festivals and recreational events

• Medieval Market of Turku
  Medieval Market of Turku
  The Medieval Market of Turku is an annual historical reenactment event organised in the historic city centre of Turku, Finland. It involves a handicrafts market in period costume at the Old Great Square, one of the city's oldest market squares, as well as a number of different open-air...
  
  
• Medieval reenactment
  Medieval reenactment
  Medieval reenactment is a form of historical reenactment that focuses on re-enacting European history in the period from the fall of Rome to about the end of the 15th century. The second half of this period is often called the Middle Ages...
  
  
• Medieval Times
  Medieval Times
  Medieval Times Dinner and Tournament is a family dinner theater featuring staged medieval-style games, sword-fighting, and jousting performed by a cast of 75 actors and 20 horses. Each location is housed in a replica 11th-century castle, with the exception of the Toronto location, which is housed...
  
  

Leaders during the Middle Ages

• Charlemagne
  Charlemagne
  Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
  
  
• List of English monarchs
• List of Frankish kings
• Holy Roman Emperor
  Holy Roman Emperor
  The Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
  
  

Related lists

• List of medieval abbreviations
• List of medieval land terms
• List of medieval weapons

See also

• Cultural movement
  Cultural movement
  A cultural movement is a change in the way a number of different disciplines approach their work. This embodies all art forms, the sciences, and philosophies. Historically, different nations or regions of the world have gone through their own independent sequence of movements in culture, but as...
  
  
• Exponential timeline
• History by period
  History by period
  Whether one can precisely define a time window as 'High Middle Ages' or 'Early Middle Ages' the title evokes an image and expectations in the reader of certain sets of characteristics—the essential essence of such labeling—a communications tool from one mind to another.Nonetheless, periods have a...
  
  
• History of Europe
  History of Europe
  History of Europe describes the history of humans inhabiting the European continent since it was first populated in prehistoric times to present, with the first human settlement between 45,000 and 25,000 BC.-Overview:...
  
  
• List of time periods
• Periodization
  Periodization
  Periodization is the attempt to categorize or divide time into named blocks. The result is a descriptive abstraction that provides a useful handle on periods of time with relatively stable characteristics...
  
  

External links

• Internet Medieval Sourcebook Project Primary source archive of the Middle Ages.
• The Online Reference Book of Medieval Studies Academic peer reviewed articles.
• Medieval Knights Medieval Knights is a medieval educational resource site geared to students and medieval enthusiests.
• The Labyrinth Resources for Medieval Studies.
• NetSERF The Internet Connection for Medieval Resources.
• The Middle Ages - an informational site for teachers and students
• Medieval Realms Learning resources from the British Library including studies of beautiful medieval manuscripts
• Information of the Medieval Period.
• De Re Militari: The Society for Medieval Military History