George Henry Paulin
Encyclopedia
George Henry Paulin, often called Harry Paulin, or 'GHP' (his sculpting insignia) was a Scottish sculptor and artist of great note in the early 20th century.
Born on 14 August 1888 in Muckhart
manse, the eldest son of the Reverend George Paulin, the local Church of Scotland minister. He attended Dollar Academy
from 1900 to 1905 where he displayed great artistic talent, primarily as a sculptor and carver. During his youth he attracted the interest of a neighbouring artist, Sholto Johnstone Douglas
who lived at Birkhill, Muckhart, where the Paulin family moved following Rev. Paulin's death. He pressed the family into sending Harry to Edinburgh College of Art
. As a result, Harry was withdrawn from school a year early and dispatched to Edinburgh
.
At the end of his college period (1912), he was awarded a Diploma in Sculpture and a travelling scholarship to Paris
and Rome
. He attended L'Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris for 12 months, where he shared a flat with fellow artist James Gunn, later to become Sir James Gunn RA. Harry then moved to Florence
, setting up studio there for 4 years, during which time he frequently visited Rome
.
At the end of November 1914, he was trampled by a frightened horse, and as a consequence, had a kidney removed in a field hospital
. He was invalided out of the army in December 1914. However, after a period of convalescence he re-enlists as an officer, rapidly rising to a Captain in the Royal Flying Corps
. With his keen eye he trained as an Observer and navigator. There is evidence that he served in Italy, and this is logical given his strong command of Italian, working at least some of the time for Military Intelligence
in Brindisi
.
In January 1918, he transferred to the Royal Naval Air Service
as a Lieutenant. This later evolved into the Royal Air Force
and he rose to the rank of Flight Lieutenant
largely taking on the role of intelligence. He therefore served in army, navy and air force, a relatively rare feat.
In 1919, he set up a studio in Buccleuch Street in Glasgow
. He received many commissions for war memorials at this time, as may be expected of a competent sculptor of the human form. The first to bring him true "fame" was that in Kirkcudbright
.
This work lead to his commission to create major monuments in Flanders
itself, most notably that to the 51st (Highland) Division sited in the Newfoundland's Field of Remembrance at Beaumont-Hamel
. Then followed a memorial to the 8th Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
on a different site near Beaumont-Hamel.
Perhaps his most noteworthy "international commission" at this time was the private family headstone (1920) on the grave of Andrew Carnegie
in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
near New York
. This gives some indication of his international renown at the time.
In 1920, he was elected a member of the Royal Scottish Academy
. In 1927, he was elected a Member of the Royal Society of British Sculptors. In 1927, he was also appointed official representative of the Royal Scottish Academy
in London
, a post retained until 1957.
In 1935, he was commissioned by the Royal Academy of Arts to create a series of 22 busts of eminent fellow artists. In the same year, he was elected Honorary Sculpture Member of the Royal Institution of Painters in Watercolours.
In 1938, he rose to the rank of Fellow in the Royal Society of British Sculptors.
Another major work of this period was a statue of "King Robert of Sicily" a fictional character created by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
which sits it Kibble Palace in Glasgow
.
Meanwhile, his London studio was destroyed in The Blitz
.
Latterly in the war, he is believed to have worked in the camouflage section.
to create a monument to John Paul Jones
the founder of the American Navy, in his home town of Kirkbean
near Dumfries
. This memorial forms a font in the church: one panel shows the USS Bonhomme Richard (1765)
, John Paul Jones' flagship; one panel shows John Paul jones himself; the third shows the seal of the United States Navy.
He was invited to compete for the Commando Memorial at Spean Bridge
but was unsuccessful in this bid. A similar unchosen work (though winning the competition was a war memorial to the Australian Armed Forces to be erected on the Strand in London, adjacent to Australia House. Chosen but unexecuted (due to the death of the benefactor) was a statue of St George slaying the dragon originally destined for St. George's Chapel in Westminster Abbey
. A successful and built commission of public note was the Royal Coat of Arms
added as a ceiling boss to the same chapel. This sculture was painted by contemporary artist Frank O. Salisbury
RA.
In 1953, his career was further boosted by the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Three Royal Commission
s were received this year by Harry. Firstly, the first ever depiction of a monarch's head, for use as a hallmark
; secondly, miniature busts of both the Queen and Prince Philip for which they sat personally; and thirdly a series of miniature statuettes of the couple for sale throughout the Commonwealth. It is noteworthy that the latter depiction of the Queen sold over 250,000 copies a remarkable number for any art work. Those of Prince Philip sold considerably less.
As a result of this "publicity", he received another wave of private commissions. The most important of these (1954) was a memorial to the ballerina, Anna Pavlova. This was erected in her former home in Hampstead
, London, then a hospital, now a school.
In 1956, he received another commission for a life-size bust of Queen Elizabeth II for display in the Royal Scottish Academy
.
Harry "retired" in 1957 and moved to Berkshire
.
He died from lung cancer in 1962, aged 74.
. This macquette from the early 1950s was ultimately recreated full-size (2.75m high) by sculptor Vivien Mallock
in June 2000. It was unveiled on the 100th anniversary of the regiment's foundation. The monument stands at the junction of Whitehall Place and Whitehall Court, in London.
Born on 14 August 1888 in Muckhart
Muckhart
Muckhart commonly refers to two small villages in Clackmannanshire, Scotland, Pool of Muckhart and Yetts o' Muckhart. Muckhart is one of the Hillfoots Villages, situated on the A91 around 3 miles north-east of Dollar...
manse, the eldest son of the Reverend George Paulin, the local Church of Scotland minister. He attended Dollar Academy
Dollar Academy
Dollar Academy was founded in 1818, which makes it the oldest co-educational day and boarding school in the world. The open campus occupies a site in the centre of the thriving town of Dollar in Central Scotland, less than 40 minutes drive from the two main Scottish cities, Glasgow and Edinburgh...
from 1900 to 1905 where he displayed great artistic talent, primarily as a sculptor and carver. During his youth he attracted the interest of a neighbouring artist, Sholto Johnstone Douglas
Sholto Johnstone Douglas
Robert Sholto Johnstone Douglas , known as Sholto Douglas, or more formally as Sholto Johnstone Douglas, was a Scottish figurative artist, a painter chiefly of portraits and landscapes....
who lived at Birkhill, Muckhart, where the Paulin family moved following Rev. Paulin's death. He pressed the family into sending Harry to Edinburgh College of Art
Edinburgh College of Art
Edinburgh College of Art is an art school in Edinburgh, Scotland, providing tertiary education in art and design disciplines for over two thousand students....
. As a result, Harry was withdrawn from school a year early and dispatched to Edinburgh
Edinburgh
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...
.
At the end of his college period (1912), he was awarded a Diploma in Sculpture and a travelling scholarship to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
and Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
. He attended L'Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris for 12 months, where he shared a flat with fellow artist James Gunn, later to become Sir James Gunn RA. Harry then moved to Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
, setting up studio there for 4 years, during which time he frequently visited Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
.
World War I
At the outbreak of war in September 1914, Harry had no need to leave, Italy being our ally at that time. However, he returned to Scotland and enlisted in the Lothian and Borders Horse Regiment as a trooper.At the end of November 1914, he was trampled by a frightened horse, and as a consequence, had a kidney removed in a field hospital
Field hospital
A field hospital is a large mobile medical unit that temporarily takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent hospital facilities...
. He was invalided out of the army in December 1914. However, after a period of convalescence he re-enlists as an officer, rapidly rising to a Captain in the Royal Flying Corps
Royal Flying Corps
The Royal Flying Corps was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of the First World War. During the early part of the war, the RFC's responsibilities were centred on support of the British Army, via artillery co-operation and photographic reconnaissance...
. With his keen eye he trained as an Observer and navigator. There is evidence that he served in Italy, and this is logical given his strong command of Italian, working at least some of the time for Military Intelligence
Military intelligence
Military intelligence is a military discipline that exploits a number of information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to commanders in support of their decisions....
in Brindisi
Brindisi
Brindisi is a city in the Apulia region of Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, off the coast of the Adriatic Sea.Historically, the city has played an important role in commerce and culture, due to its position on the Italian Peninsula and its natural port on the Adriatic Sea. The city...
.
In January 1918, he transferred to the Royal Naval Air Service
Royal Naval Air Service
The Royal Naval Air Service or RNAS was the air arm of the Royal Navy until near the end of the First World War, when it merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form a new service , the Royal Air Force...
as a Lieutenant. This later evolved into the Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Formed on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world...
and he rose to the rank of Flight Lieutenant
Flight Lieutenant
Flight lieutenant is a junior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries. It ranks above flying officer and immediately below squadron leader. The name of the rank is the complete phrase; it is never shortened to "lieutenant"...
largely taking on the role of intelligence. He therefore served in army, navy and air force, a relatively rare feat.
Inter-war
In many ways, it may be said that the war launched Harry's career in that it was in the field of war memorials which he gained most fame.In 1919, he set up a studio in Buccleuch Street in Glasgow
Glasgow
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...
. He received many commissions for war memorials at this time, as may be expected of a competent sculptor of the human form. The first to bring him true "fame" was that in Kirkcudbright
Kirkcudbright
Kirkcudbright, is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.The town lies south of Castle Douglas and Dalbeattie, in the part of Dumfries and Galloway known as the Stewartry, at the mouth of the River Dee, some six miles from the sea...
.
This work lead to his commission to create major monuments in Flanders
Flanders
Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp...
itself, most notably that to the 51st (Highland) Division sited in the Newfoundland's Field of Remembrance at Beaumont-Hamel
Beaumont-Hamel
Beaumont-Hamel is a commune in the Somme department in Picardy in northern France.During the First World War, Beaumont-Hamel was very close to the front lines and saw heavy combat, especially during the Battle of the Somme which was the largest Allied offensive of the entire war. By 1918 the...
. Then followed a memorial to the 8th Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 5th Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland is an infantry battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland....
on a different site near Beaumont-Hamel.
Perhaps his most noteworthy "international commission" at this time was the private family headstone (1920) on the grave of Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist, businessman, and entrepreneur who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century...
in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York is the resting place of numerous famous figures, including Washington Irving, whose story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is set in the adjacent Old Dutch Burying Ground. Incorporated in 1849 as Tarrytown Cemetery, it posthumously honored Irving's...
near New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
. This gives some indication of his international renown at the time.
In 1920, he was elected a member of the Royal Scottish Academy
Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy is a Scottish organisation that promotes contemporary Scottish art. Founded in 1826, as the Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts, the RSA maintains a unique position in Scotland as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and...
. In 1927, he was elected a Member of the Royal Society of British Sculptors. In 1927, he was also appointed official representative of the Royal Scottish Academy
Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy is a Scottish organisation that promotes contemporary Scottish art. Founded in 1826, as the Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts, the RSA maintains a unique position in Scotland as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and...
in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, a post retained until 1957.
In 1935, he was commissioned by the Royal Academy of Arts to create a series of 22 busts of eminent fellow artists. In the same year, he was elected Honorary Sculpture Member of the Royal Institution of Painters in Watercolours.
In 1938, he rose to the rank of Fellow in the Royal Society of British Sculptors.
Another major work of this period was a statue of "King Robert of Sicily" a fictional character created by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet and educator whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline...
which sits it Kibble Palace in Glasgow
Glasgow
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...
.
Second World War
In WWII, Harry was rejected for active service, and, somewhar surprisingly perhaps, chose to work in a munitions factory in Glasgow, helping with precision engineering needs.Meanwhile, his London studio was destroyed in The Blitz
The Blitz
The Blitz was the sustained strategic bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941, during the Second World War. The city of London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 76 consecutive nights and many towns and cities across the country followed...
.
Latterly in the war, he is believed to have worked in the camouflage section.
Post war
In 1945, he received a commission from the United States NavyUnited States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
to create a monument to John Paul Jones
John Paul Jones
John Paul Jones was a Scottish sailor and the United States' first well-known naval fighter in the American Revolutionary War. Although he made enemies among America's political elites, his actions in British waters during the Revolution earned him an international reputation which persists to...
the founder of the American Navy, in his home town of Kirkbean
Kirkbean
Kirkbean is a small village and civil parish near the Solway Firth in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.Arbigland, an estate in Kirkbean parish, was the birthplace of American naval commander John Paul Jones....
near Dumfries
Dumfries
Dumfries is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland. It is near the mouth of the River Nith into the Solway Firth. Dumfries was the county town of the former county of Dumfriesshire. Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South...
. This memorial forms a font in the church: one panel shows the USS Bonhomme Richard (1765)
USS Bonhomme Richard (1765)
|-External links:** Clive Cussler recounts his elusive search for the Bonhomme Richard....
, John Paul Jones' flagship; one panel shows John Paul jones himself; the third shows the seal of the United States Navy.
He was invited to compete for the Commando Memorial at Spean Bridge
Spean Bridge
Spean Bridge is a village, in the Highland region of Scotland.The village takes its name from the Highbridge over the River Spean on General Wade's military road between Fort William and Fort Augustus, and not from Telford's bridge of 1819 which carries the A82 over the river at the heart of the...
but was unsuccessful in this bid. A similar unchosen work (though winning the competition was a war memorial to the Australian Armed Forces to be erected on the Strand in London, adjacent to Australia House. Chosen but unexecuted (due to the death of the benefactor) was a statue of St George slaying the dragon originally destined for St. George's Chapel in Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey
The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, popularly known as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in the City of Westminster, London, United Kingdom, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English,...
. A successful and built commission of public note was the Royal Coat of Arms
Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom is the official coat of arms of the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity as monarch of the United Kingdom, and are officially known as her Arms of Dominion...
added as a ceiling boss to the same chapel. This sculture was painted by contemporary artist Frank O. Salisbury
Frank O. Salisbury
Francis Owen Salisbury was an English Methodist artist from who specialised in portraits, large canvases of historical and ceremonial events, stained glass and book illustration. In his heyday he made a fortune on both sides of the Atlantic and was known as “Britain’s Painter Laureate”...
RA.
In 1953, his career was further boosted by the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Three Royal Commission
Royal Commission
In Commonwealth realms and other monarchies a Royal Commission is a major ad-hoc formal public inquiry into a defined issue. They have been held in various countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Saudi Arabia...
s were received this year by Harry. Firstly, the first ever depiction of a monarch's head, for use as a hallmark
Hallmark
A hallmark is an official mark or series of marks struck on items made of precious metals — platinum, gold, silver and in some nations, palladium...
; secondly, miniature busts of both the Queen and Prince Philip for which they sat personally; and thirdly a series of miniature statuettes of the couple for sale throughout the Commonwealth. It is noteworthy that the latter depiction of the Queen sold over 250,000 copies a remarkable number for any art work. Those of Prince Philip sold considerably less.
As a result of this "publicity", he received another wave of private commissions. The most important of these (1954) was a memorial to the ballerina, Anna Pavlova. This was erected in her former home in Hampstead
Hampstead
Hampstead is an area of London, England, north-west of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Camden in Inner London, it is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations and for Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland...
, London, then a hospital, now a school.
In 1956, he received another commission for a life-size bust of Queen Elizabeth II for display in the Royal Scottish Academy
Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy is a Scottish organisation that promotes contemporary Scottish art. Founded in 1826, as the Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts, the RSA maintains a unique position in Scotland as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and...
.
Harry "retired" in 1957 and moved to Berkshire
Berkshire
Berkshire is a historic county in the South of England. It is also often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and...
.
He died from lung cancer in 1962, aged 74.
Posthumous success
One scheme shelved, but ultimately now built, was a memorial to the Royal Armoured CorpsRoyal Armoured Corps
The Royal Armoured Corps is currently a collection of ten regular regiments, mostly converted from old horse cavalry regiments, and four Yeomanry regiments of the Territorial Army...
. This macquette from the early 1950s was ultimately recreated full-size (2.75m high) by sculptor Vivien Mallock
Vivien Mallock
Vivien Mallock FRBS is an English sculptor who works mainly in bronze. Her career started at the Museum of Army Flying in Hampshire where she sculpted several celebrated WWII fighter pilots, including John Cunningham, to mark the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Britain...
in June 2000. It was unveiled on the 100th anniversary of the regiment's foundation. The monument stands at the junction of Whitehall Place and Whitehall Court, in London.
Principal works
- 51st (Highland) Division Memorial51st (Highland) Division Monument (Beaumont-Hamel)The 51st Division Memorial at Beaumont-Hamel is a memorial in France commemorating the soldiers of the 51st Division killed during World War I. The memorial is located near Y Ravine on the Beaumont-Hamel Newfoundland Memorial site...
, part of the Beaumont-Hamel Newfoundland MemorialBeaumont-Hamel Newfoundland MemorialThe Beaumont-Hamel Newfoundland Memorial is a memorial site in France dedicated to the commemoration of Dominion of Newfoundland forces members who were killed during World War I. The preserved battlefield park encompasses the grounds over which the Newfoundland Regiment made their unsuccessful...
). - Monument to the 8th Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, Beaumont-Hamel.
- KirkcudbrightKirkcudbrightKirkcudbright, is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.The town lies south of Castle Douglas and Dalbeattie, in the part of Dumfries and Galloway known as the Stewartry, at the mouth of the River Dee, some six miles from the sea...
War Memorial - DollarDollarThe dollar is the name of the official currency of many countries, including Australia, Belize, Canada, Ecuador, El Salvador, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States.-Etymology:...
War Memorial - MuckhartMuckhartMuckhart commonly refers to two small villages in Clackmannanshire, Scotland, Pool of Muckhart and Yetts o' Muckhart. Muckhart is one of the Hillfoots Villages, situated on the A91 around 3 miles north-east of Dollar...
War Memorial - DennyDenny-People:*Denny *Denny Crum , former American college men's basketball coach*Denny Doherty , Canadian musician; former member of the folk group The Mamas & the Papas*Dennis Douds , American football coach...
War Memorial - MilngavieMilngavieMilngavie , is a town in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is on the Allander Water, at the northwestern edge of Greater Glasgow, and about from Glasgow city centre. It neighbours Bearsden....
War Memorial - RutherglenRutherglenRutherglen is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. In 1975, it lost its own local council and administratively became a component of the City of Glasgow. In 1996 Rutherglen was reallocated to the South Lanarkshire council area.-History:...
War Memorial - CoalsnaughtonCoalsnaughtonCoalsnaughton or Calibar is a village in Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is just south of Tillicoultry....
War Memorial - KirkcaldyKirkcaldyKirkcaldy is a town and former royal burgh in Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. The town lies on a shallow bay on the northern shore of the Firth of Forth; SSE of Glenrothes, ENE of Dunfermline, WSW of Dundee and NNE of Edinburgh...
War Memorial - Memorial to the Machine Gun CorpsMachine Gun CorpsThe Machine Gun Corps was a corps of the British Army, formed in October 1915 in response to the need for more effective use of machine guns on the Western Front in World War I. The Heavy Branch of the MGC was the first to use tanks in combat, and the branch was subsequently turned into the Tank...
and Royal Tank RegimentRoyal Tank RegimentThe Royal Tank Regiment is an armoured regiment of the British Army. It was formerly known as the Tank Corps and the Royal Tank Corps. It is part of the Royal Armoured Corps and is made up of two operational regiments, the 1st Royal Tank Regiment and the 2nd Royal Tank Regiment...
, WhitehallWhitehallWhitehall is a road in Westminster, in London, England. It is the main artery running north from Parliament Square, towards Charing Cross at the southern end of Trafalgar Square...
, London - Bust of Queen Elizabeth II, Royal Scottish Academy, EdinburghEdinburghEdinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...
. - Gravestone to Andrew CarnegieAndrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist, businessman, and entrepreneur who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century...
, Sleepy Hollow CemeterySleepy Hollow CemeterySleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York is the resting place of numerous famous figures, including Washington Irving, whose story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is set in the adjacent Old Dutch Burying Ground. Incorporated in 1849 as Tarrytown Cemetery, it posthumously honored Irving's...
. - Memorial font to John Paul JonesJohn Paul JonesJohn Paul Jones was a Scottish sailor and the United States' first well-known naval fighter in the American Revolutionary War. Although he made enemies among America's political elites, his actions in British waters during the Revolution earned him an international reputation which persists to...
, KirkbeanKirkbeanKirkbean is a small village and civil parish near the Solway Firth in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.Arbigland, an estate in Kirkbean parish, was the birthplace of American naval commander John Paul Jones....
Parish Church, Dumfriesshire. - Memorial bust of Lord Lister
- Memorial bust of Sir William Ramsay
- Portrait bust of the 8th Duchess of Atholl at Blair AthollBlair AthollBlair Atholl is a small town in Perthshire, Scotland, built about the confluence of the Rivers Tilt and Garry in one of the few areas of flat land in the midst of the Grampian Mountains. The Gaelic place-name Blair, from blàr, 'field, plain', refers to this location...
Castle. - Portrait busts of all presidents of the Royal AcademyRoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
. - Statue of "King Robert of Sicily" in the Kibble Palace.
- Memorial to Anna Pavlova, Hampstead.
- Royal Coat of Arms, ceiling, St George's Chapel, Westminster AbbeyWestminster AbbeyThe Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, popularly known as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in the City of Westminster, London, United Kingdom, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English,...
.