The Daniel Guggenheim Medal is an American engineering

Engineering

Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...

 award, established by Daniel

Daniel Guggenheim

Daniel Guggenheim was an American industrialist and philanthropist, and a son of Meyer Guggenheim.-Biography:...

 and Harry Guggenheim. The medal is considered to be one of the greatest honors that can be presented for a lifetime of work in aeronautics

Aeronautics

Aeronautics is the science involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of airflight-capable machines, or the techniques of operating aircraft and rocketry within the atmosphere...

. Recipients have included American and international individuals from aeronautical corporations, governments, and academia.

Since 1929 it has been given annually to persons who make notable achievements in the advancement of aeronautics. It is awarded jointly by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers is a professional body, specifically an engineering society, focused on mechanical engineering....

, the Society of Automotive Engineers, the American Helicopter Society

American Helicopter Society

The American Helicopter Society, International is a professional society in the area of vertical flight. It was formed in 1944. It publishes an official magazine and a technical journal ...

, and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics is the professional society for the field of aerospace engineering. The AIAA was founded in 1963 from the merger of two earlier societies: the American Rocket Society , founded in 1930 as the American Interplanetary Society , and the Institute...

. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics administers the award.

Recipients

The winners are listed below along with their award citation and year.

Year	Name	Award citation	Reference
1929	Orville Wright	For the design and construc­tion, with his brother now deceased, of the first successful engine-propelled airplane.
1930	Ludwig Prandtl	For pioneer and creative work in the theory of dynamics.
1931	Frederick W. Lanchester	For contributions to the fundamental theory of aerodynamics Aerodynamics Aerodynamics is a branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object. Aerodynamics is a subfield of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, with much theory shared between them. Aerodynamics is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, with... .
1932	Juan de la Cierva Juan de la Cierva Juan de la Cierva y Codorníu, 1st Count of De La Cierva was a Spanish civil engineer, pilot and aeronuatical engineer. His most famous accomplishment was the invention in 1920 of the Autogiro, a single-rotor type of aircraft that came to be called autogyro in the English language...	For development of the theory and practice of the autogiro.
1933	Jerome C. Hunsaker	For contributions to the sci­ence of aerodynamics, to the science and art of aircraft de­sign, and to the practical con­struction and utilization of rigid airships.
1934	William E. Boeing	For successful pioneering and achievement in aircraft manufacturing and air transport.
1935	William F. Durand William F. Durand William F. Durand was a United States naval officer and pioneer mechanical engineer. He contributed significantly to the development of aircraft propellers...	For notable achievement as pioneer in laboratory research and theory of aeronautics; dis­tinguished contributions to the theory and development of aircraft propeller Propeller A propeller is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust. A pressure difference is produced between the forward and rear surfaces of the airfoil-shaped blade, and a fluid is accelerated behind the blade. Propeller dynamics can be modeled by both Bernoulli's... s.
1936	George W. Lewis George W. Lewis George William Lewis was the Director of Aeronautical Research at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics until he retired in 1947...	For pioneer and creative work in the theory of dynamics.
1937	Hugo Eckener Hugo Eckener Dr. Hugo Eckener was the manager of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin during the inter-war years, and was commander of the famous Graf Zeppelin for most of its record-setting flights, including the first airship flight around the world, making him the most successful airship commander in history...	For notable contributions to transoceanic air transport and to international cooperation in aeronautics.
1938	Alfred H. Fedden Roy Fedden Sir Alfred Hubert Roy Fedden MBE was an engineer who designed most of Bristol Engine Company's successful aircraft engine designs.-Early life:...	For contributions to the development of aircraft engine design and for the specific de­sign of the sleeve-valve Sleeve valve The sleeve valve is a type of valve mechanism for piston engines, distinct from the usual poppet valve. Sleeve-valve engines saw use in a number of pre-World War II luxury cars and in USA in the Willys-Knight car and light truck...  air­craft engine.
1939	Donald W. Douglas	For outstanding contributions to the design and construction of transport airplanes.
1940	Glenn L. Martin	For contributions to aeronau­tical development and the production of many types of air­craft of high performance.
1941	Juan T. Trippe	For the development and successful operation of oceanic air transport.
1942	James H. Doolittle	For notable achievements in the advancements of both the art and the science of aeronautics.
1943	Edmund T. "Eddie" Allen Edmund T. "Eddie" Allen Edmund T. "Eddie" Allen was a pioneer of modern flight test who flew for nearly every major aircraft manufacturer and took some of the most famous planes of all time up for their first flights....	For major contributions to aeronautics leading to important advances in airplane design, flight research, and airline operation; particularly for the presentation of new methods for operational control and for the development of scientific and systematic methods in the flight testing of aircraft for basic design and performance data.
1944	Lawrence D. Bell	For achievement in design and construction of military air craft and for outstanding contributions to the methods of production.
1945	Theodore P. Wright	For outstanding contributions to the development of civil and military aircraft, and for nota­ble achievement in assuring the success of our wartime air­craft production program.
1946	Frank Whittle Frank Whittle Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, CB, FRS, Hon FRAeS was a British Royal Air Force engineer officer. He is credited with independently inventing the turbojet engine Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, CB, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907 – 9 August 1996) was a British Royal Air...	For pioneering the development of turbojet propulsion of aircraft.
1947	Lester D. Gardner	For outstanding achievement in advancing aeronautics, particularly for his conception and organization of the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics is the professional society for the field of aerospace engineering. The AIAA was founded in 1963 from the merger of two earlier societies: the American Rocket Society , founded in 1930 as the American Interplanetary Society , and the Institute... .
1948	Leroy R. Grumman	For outstanding achievement in successfully advancing aircraft design, both for Naval and peacetime use.
1949	Edward Pearson Warner Edward Pearson Warner Edward Pearson Warner was an American pioneer in aviation and a teacher in aeronautical engineering...	For pioneering in research and a continuous record of contributions to the art and science of aeronautics.
1950	Hugh L. Dryden	For outstanding leadership in aeronautical research and fundamental contributions to aeronautical science.
1951	Igor I. Sikorsky	For a lifetime of outstanding contributions to aeronautics, including pioneering with multi-engine airplanes, flying boat Flying boat A flying boat is a fixed-winged seaplane with a hull, allowing it to land on water. It differs from a float plane as it uses a purpose-designed fuselage which can float, granting the aircraft buoyancy. Flying boats may be stabilized by under-wing floats or by wing-like projections from the fuselage... s, amphibians Amphibious aircraft An amphibious aircraft or amphibian is an aircraft that can take off and land on either land or water. Fixed-wing amphibious aircraft are seaplanes that are equipped with retractable wheels, at the expense of extra weight and complexity, plus diminished range and fuel economy compared to planes...  and helicopter Helicopter A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine-driven rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally... s.
1952	Geoffrey de Havilland Geoffrey de Havilland Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland, OM, CBE, AFC, RDI, FRAeS, was a British aviation pioneer and aircraft engineer...	For forty years of pioneering in military and commercial aircraft and the development of long-range jet transport.
1953	Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist.Lindbergh, a 25-year-old U.S...	For pioneering achievements in flight and air navigation.
1954	Clarence D. Howe C. D. Howe Clarence Decatur Howe, PC , generally known as C. D. Howe, was a powerful Canadian Cabinet minister of the Liberal Party. Howe served in the governments of Prime Ministers William Lyon Mackenzie King and Louis St. Laurent continuously from 1935 to 1957...	For initiating and organizing commercial air routes and services, promoting aeronautical research, development and production of aircraft and engines, and advancing the art of aeronautics.
1955	Theodore von Karman Theodore von Karman Theodore von Kármán was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. He is responsible for many key advances in aerodynamics, notably his work on supersonic and hypersonic airflow characterization...	For long-continued leadership in the development of aerodynamic theory and its application to the practical problems of flight, in education in the aeronautical sciences, and in stimulating international cooperation in aeronautical research.
1956	Frederick B. Rentschler	For a wide range of major achievements throughout a lifetime devoted to aviation, with specific reference to his many notable contributions to the vital aircraft engine field
1957	Arthur E. Raymond Arthur E. Raymond Arthur Emmons Raymond was an aeronautical engineer who led the team that designed the DC-3....	For the development of a long line of successful civil and mil­itary aircraft and for notable contributions to aeronautics in public service.
1958	William Littlewood William Littlewood William Littlewood was an aeronautical engineer noted for his contributions to the design and operational requirements of Transport aircraft. He was the only person to preside over both SAE and AIAA, two of the main aerospace professional organizations...	For leadership and continuous personal participation over a quarter of a century in devel­oping the equipment and oper­ating techniques of air trans­port.
1959	George Edwards George Edwards (aviation) Sir George Robert Freeman Edwards, OM, CBE, FRS, DL , was a British aircraft designer and industrialist.Edwards was born in Highams Park, England...	For a lifetime devoted to the design of military and commercial aircraft, culminating in the successful introduction into worldwide commercial service of the first turbine-powered propeller-driven air­craft.
1960	Grover Loening Grover Loening Grover Cleveland Loening was an American aircraft manufacturer.-Biography:Loening was born in Bremen, Germany, while his American-born father was stationed there as U.S. Consul. He graduated from Columbia University in New York City, where he was awarded the first-ever degree in Aeronautical...	For a lifetime devoted to the development of aeronautics in America.
1961	Jerome F. Lederer Jerome F. Lederer Jerome F. Lederer was an American aviation-safety pioneer, known as "Mr. Aviation Safety."He was born in New York City. He received a BSC in mechanical engineering with aeronautical options in 1924 and an M.E. in 1925 from New York University. In 1926, he was hired by the United States Postal...	For his lifelong dedication to the cause of flight safety and his constant and untiring ef­forts to reduce the hazards of aviation.
1962	James H. Kindelberger James H. Kindelberger James H. "Dutch" Kindelberger was an American pioneer of aviation. He was also a leader of North American Aviation for a number of years. The International Aerospace Hall of Fame inducted Kindelberger in 1977....	For technical and industrial leadership in producing excel­lent aircraft and space equip­ment, from early fighters to the X-15 North American X-15 The North American X-15 rocket-powered aircraft/spaceplane was part of the X-series of experimental aircraft, initiated with the Bell X-1, that were made for the USAAF/USAF, NACA/NASA, and the USN. The X-15 set speed and altitude records in the early 1960s, reaching the edge of outer space and...  space plane.
1963	James S. McDonnell	For lifetime contribution of outstanding nature in the de­sign and development of mili­tary aircraft, and for pioneer work in space technology.
1964	Robert H. Goddard Robert H. Goddard Robert Hutchings Goddard was an American professor, physicist and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, which he successfully launched on March 16, 1926...	For pioneering in rocket de­velopment and astronautics, including the first liquid-propelled rocket flight, and contributions toward aero-dynamically applicable reac­tion engines.
1965	Sydney Camm	For over fifty years of continu­ous dedication to the design of military aircraft, and pioneer­ing of many new concepts and the creation of many success­ful aircraft representative of the best tradition of British design skills.
1966	Charles S. Draper	For contributions to aeronau­tical education and significant developments in new fields of aircraft instrumentation, in particular for pioneering inertial- guidance techniques mak­ing possible en route naviga­tion independently of earth references; for over twenty-five years of leadership in the technology of control and guidance of flight vehicles, and with the training of a large number of engineers in this vital field of aeronautics and astronautics.
1967	George S. Schairer George S. Schairer George S. Schairer was an aerodynamicst at Consolidated Aircraft and Boeing whose design innovations became standard on virtually all types of military and passenger jet planes.-Early life:...	For his many contributions to the achievement of outstand­ing progress in subsonic/light, and in the promise of super­sonic Supersonic Supersonic speed is a rate of travel of an object that exceeds the speed of sound . For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C this speed is approximately 343 m/s, 1,125 ft/s, 768 mph or 1,235 km/h. Speeds greater than five times the speed of sound are often...  flight, and in the equip­ment and methods for space exploration.
1968	H. M. Horner	For his lifelong dedication and significant contributions to the advancement of modern aviation through the develop­ment and production of an outstanding series of aircraft powerplants and spacecraft propulsion engines.
1969	H. Julian Allen	For outstanding courage, lead­ership and pioneering fore­sight that contributed out­standingly to civil and mili­tary aviation, including the evolution of the jet transport; and for his broad counsel and support to government and in­dustry during a distinguished career.
1970	Jakob Ackeret Jakob Ackeret Jakob Ackeret was a Swiss aeronautical engineer. He is widely viewed as one of the foremost aeronautics experts of 20th century.- Birth and education :...	For original and outstanding contributions to aerodynam­ics, aviation and engineering education.
1971	Archibald Russell Archibald Russell Archibald George Blomefield Russell, CVO, FSA was an English art historian and a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London.-Early life:...	For his personal devotion and many contributions to aircraft engineering and design and particularly for his outstand­ing leadership of the Bristol team in the development of the Anglo-French Concorde Concorde Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde was a turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner, a supersonic transport . It was a product of an Anglo-French government treaty, combining the manufacturing efforts of Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation...  Su­personic Transport Aircraft.
1972	William C. Mentzer William C. Mentzer William C. Mentzer was an aeronautical engineer noted for his contributions to the airline industry, dealing particularly with aircraft maintenance and economics. He was born on May 27, 1907 in Knoxville, Iowa. After graduating from MIT in 1934, he worked for United Air Lines as an engineer...	For manifold accomplish­ments in airline engineering, maintenance and economic disciplines, which accomplish­ments contributed significant­ly to the achievement of to­day’s civil air transportation systems.
1973	William M. Allen	For outstanding courage, lead­ership and pioneering fore­sight that contributed out­standingly to civil and mili­tary aviation, including the evolution of the jet transport; and for his broad counsel and support to government and in­dustry during a distinguished career.
1974	Floyd L. Thompson	For farsighted development of men and facilities and for de­cisive leadership of research that provided technological foundations for manned flight beyond the speed of sound, safe re-entry of spacecraft, and successful exploration of space.
1975	Dwane L. Wallace	For his many engineering, management and leadership contributions in the develop­ment of general aviation from a novelty forty years ago to a key part of the world’s trans­portation system today.
1976	Marcel Dassault Marcel Dassault Marcel Dassault, born Marcel Bloch was a French aircraft industrialist.-Biography:Dassault was born in Paris. After graduating from the lycée Condorcet, Breguet School and Supaero, he invented a type of aircraft propeller used by the French army during World War I and founded the Société des...	For notable achievement in development, production and marketing of many types of aircraft of high performance and outstanding leadership in world aviation.
1977	Cyrus R. Smith	For lifetime contribution of outstanding nature in the de­sign and development of mili­tary aircraft, and for pioneer work in space technology.
1978	Edward H. Heinemann	For outstanding achievement in the innovative design of military airplanes which are noted for longevity of service, versatility of tasks, simplicity of design, high performance and elegance of line.
1979	Gerhard Neumann Gerhard Neumann Gerhard Neumann was a German-American aviation engineer and executive for General Electric's aircraft engine division .-Childhood and education:...	For the development of highly efficient aircraft engines for commercial and military pur­poses, including creation of one of the first successful turbofan Turbofan The turbofan is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used for aircraft propulsion. A turbofan combines two types of engines, the turbo portion which is a conventional gas turbine engine, and the fan, a propeller-like ducted fan...  engines which contrib­uted significantly to the effi­ciency and success of the air­line industry.
1980	Edward Curtis Wells Edward Curtis Wells Ed Wells redirects here. For the baseball player, see Ed Wells Edward Curtis Wells was senior vice president and served on the board of directors of Boeing Company. He designed the Boeing 747. He was known as the "Elder Statesman of Aviation".-Biography:He was born in Boise, Idaho on August 26, 1910...	For his outstanding contribu­tions to the management con­cepts for the development of complex aerospace systems, and for his significant person­al accomplishments in the design and production of a long line of the world’s most fa­mous commercial and military aircraft.
1981	Clarence Johnson Clarence Johnson Clarence Leonard "Kelly" Johnson was an aircraft engineer and aeronautical innovator. As a member and first team leader of the Lockheed Skunk Works, Johnson worked for more than four decades and is said to have been an "organizing genius"...	For his brilliant design of a wide range of pace-setting, commercial, combat and reconnaissance aircraft, and for his innovative management techniques which developed these aircraft in record time at minimum cost.
1982	David S. Lewis, Jr. David S. Lewis, Jr. David Sloan Lewis, Jr. was an aeronautical engineer who led aerospace and defense giant General Dynamics for 14 years.- Early life :David Lewis was born in 1917, in North Augusta, South Carolina...	For his long-standing contributions to aviation and national defense, and his untiring efforts toward the development of superior aircraft.
1983	Nicholas J. Hoff	For a lifetime of significant contributions to the theory and practice of aeronautical structures design as an outstanding engineering scholar and educator.
1984	Thomas H. Davis	For outstanding achievements in the development of an airline, of unique general aviation services; and of personnel training techniques, accomplished continuously during a period of more than 40 years.
1985	Thornton Wilson Thornton Wilson Thornton "T" Arnold Wilson was the Chairman of the Board and chief executive officer of Boeing corporation....	For a lifetime contribution to the successful development of commercial and military aircraft and for his outstanding leadership and management skills.
1986	Hans W. Liepmann Hans W. Liepmann Hans Wolfgang Liepmann German American engineer and emeritus Theodore von Kármán Professor of Aeronautics at the California Institute of Technology....	For outstanding leadership in fluid mechanics research and education. His influence contributed significantly to the development of a generation of outstanding leaders in the field.
1987	Paul B. MacCready	For his combination of high-flying gossamer vision and down-to-earth engineering skill which made the ancient dream of human powered flight come true, and for his contemporary imagination in recreating the ancient pterodactyl Pterosaur Pterosaurs were flying reptiles of the clade or order Pterosauria. They existed from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous Period . Pterosaurs are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight... , Quetzalcoatl’s Northropi Quetzalcoatlus Quetzalcoatlus was a pterodactyloid pterosaur known from the Late Cretaceous of North America , and one of the largest known flying animals of all time. It was a member of the Azhdarchidae, a family of advanced toothless pterosaurs with unusually long, stiffened necks... .
1988	J. R. D. Tata J. R. D. Tata Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata was a pioneer aviator and important businessman of India. He was awarded India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna in 1992 and the Legion of Honour from the French government in 1954.-Early life and education:J. R. D...	For a lifetime of significant contributions to aviation, for his pioneering work in developing commercial air travel in India and Asia, and for his leadership in establishing Air India as a major international link between Asia and the rest of the world.
1989	Fred E. Weick	For development of the NACA National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics was a U.S. federal agency founded on March 3, 1915 to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research. On October 1, 1958 the agency was dissolved, and its assets and personnel transferred to the newly created National Aeronautics and...  cowl and the steerable tricycle landing gear which resulted in significant improvement in practical aircraft design and performance.
1990	Joseph F. Sutter	For outstanding engineering achievement, management and leadership in the innovative development of three generations of commercial jet aircraft — in particular the 747 Boeing 747 The Boeing 747 is a wide-body commercial airliner and cargo transport, often referred to by its original nickname, Jumbo Jet, or Queen of the Skies. It is among the world's most recognizable aircraft, and was the first wide-body ever produced...  — and his contribution to the enhancement of safety in air and space.
1991	Hans P. von Ohain	For pioneering the development of turbojet propulsion resulting in the first flight of a jet-powered aircraft in 1939 and his lifetime achievements in aeronautical propulsion dynamics.
1992	Bernard L. Koff	For continuing leadership in the aircraft gas turbine industry producing many innovative and technological breakthroughs in material and design.
1993	Ludwig Boelkow	For visionary leadership and innovation in the design of rotorcraft Rotorcraft A rotorcraft or rotary wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air flying machine that uses lift generated by wings, called rotor blades, that revolve around a mast. Several rotor blades mounted to a single mast are referred to as a rotor. The International Civil Aviation Organization defines a rotorcraft... , light aircraft, missiles and space systems.
1994	Helmut H. Korst	For a legacy of developments in aeronautics where none previously existed; for mentoring a cascade of students and colleagues dedicated to the art and science of fluid mechanics and for a lifetime of inspiration and leadership to the international engineering community.
1995	Robert C. Seamans Robert C. Seamans SSV Robert C. Seamans is a 134-foot steel sailing brigantine operated by the Sea Education Association for oceanographic research and sail training; she is named for a former Chairman and Trustee of SEA's board. She is equipped with hydrographic winches, bathymetric equipment, biological and...	For lifelong technical contributions and technical leadership in academia, industry and government as NASA NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...  Deputy Administrator during the Apollo program and in several other government positions.
1996	William R. Sears William R. Sears William Rees Sears was a notable aeronautical engineer and educator.-Career:William R. Sears was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of William and Gertrude Sears. He earned his BS degree from the University of Minnesota in 1934...	For lifelong contributions to aeronautics in industry and academia from the aerodynamics of the flying wing Flying wing A flying wing is a tailless fixed-wing aircraft which has no definite fuselage, with most of the crew, payload and equipment being housed inside the main wing structure....  to the invention of the adaptive wind tunnel Wind tunnel A wind tunnel is a research tool used in aerodynamic research to study the effects of air moving past solid objects.-Theory of operation:Wind tunnels were first proposed as a means of studying vehicles in free flight... .
1997	Abe Silverstein Abe Silverstein Abraham "Abe" Silverstein was an American engineer who played an important part in the United States space program. He was a longtime manager at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics...	For technical contributions and visionary leadership in advancing the technology of aircraft and propulsion performance, and for the foresight in establishing the Mercury Project Mercury In January 1960 NASA awarded Western Electric Company a contract for the Mercury tracking network. The value of the contract was over $33 million. Also in January, McDonnell delivered the first production-type Mercury spacecraft, less than a year after award of the formal contract. On February 12,...  and Gemini Project Gemini Project Gemini was the second human spaceflight program of NASA, the civilian space agency of the United States government. Project Gemini was conducted between projects Mercury and Apollo, with ten manned flights occurring in 1965 and 1966....  manned space flight activities.
1998	Richard Coar	For outstanding leadership and innovative contributions in providing advanced aeronautical and space propulsion systems.
1999	Frank E. Marble	For major fundamental theoretical and experimental contributions to the field of internal aerodynamics, combustion Combustion Combustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame...  and propulsion especially with respect to gas turbines and rockets, and educating generations of leaders in industry and academia.
2000	William H. Pickering William Hayward Pickering William Hayward Pickering ONZ KBE was a New Zealand born rocket scientist who headed Pasadena, California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for 22 years, retiring in 1976...	For a distinguished career that pioneered and shaped the exploration of our solar system and for extraordinary contribution to engineering and science.
2001	Richard T. Whitcomb	For seminal contributions in aeronautics, including the development of the Area rule Area rule The Whitcomb area rule, also called the transonic area rule, is a design technique used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds, particularly between Mach 0.75 and 1.2.... , Supercritical airfoil Supercritical airfoil A supercritical airfoil is an airfoil designed, primarily, to delay the onset of wave drag in the transonic speed range. Supercritical airfoils are characterized by their flattened upper surface, highly cambered aft section, and greater leading edge radius compared with traditional airfoil shapes... , and Winglet concept, which are the basis for modern aerodynamic design.
2002	John G. Borger	For significant pioneering contributions to aircraft and the airline industry from flying boats to jet aircraft.
2003	Holt Ashley	For pioneering contributions to research, education and engineering in aeroelasticity Aeroelasticity Aeroelasticity is the science which studies the interactions among inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces. It was defined by Arthur Collar in 1947 as "the study of the mutual interaction that takes place within the triangle of the inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces acting on structural... , unsteady aerodynamics and aircraft design.
2004	Courtland Perkins	For outstanding contributions to aeronautics in research and teaching in stability and control, and superlative leadership at the national and international levels.
2005	Eugene E. Covert Eugene E. Covert Eugene Edzards Covert was an aeronautics specialist born in Rapid City, South Dakota credited with the world's first practical wind tunnel magnetic suspension system, and was a member of the Rogers Commission...	For exemplary leadership in aeronautics teaching and research, development of significant state-of-the-art aerodynamic testing techniques, and outstanding contributions to public service.
2006	Robert Loewy Robert Loewy Robert G. Loewy is an aerospace engineer who has been influential in the development of rotary-wing vertical take-off and landing aircraft....	For pioneering contributions to rotary-wing aeroelasticity and unsteady aerodynamics which had an enormous influence on rotary-wing technology and his contributions to education and public service in aeronautics.
2007	Alexander H. Flax Alexander H. Flax Alexander H. Flax was the third Director of the National Reconnaissance Office.Flax was Director NRO as the second generation of imaging systems became operational and began to play a major role in United States intelligence during the Cold War. He advocated major growth in NRO funding and personnel...	For outstanding contributions to aerospace engineering in aeroelasticity, unsteady aerodynamics and flight mechanics, and for exceptional leadership of engineering organizations including service to the U.S. Department of Defense United States Department of Defense The United States Department of Defense is the U.S... .
2008	Earl Dowell	For pioneering contributions to nonlinear aeroelasticity, structural dynamics and unsteady aerodynamics which had a significant influence on aeronautics and for contributions to education and public service in aerospace engineering.
2009	Arthur E. Bryson Arthur E. Bryson Arthur Earl Bryson, Jr. is the Pigott Professor of Engineering Emeritus at Stanford University and the "father of modern optimal control theory"....	For a lifetime of seminal contributions to real systems, creating and applying practical optimal control and estimation techniques to airplanes, rotorcraft, and missiles.
2010	Robert Liebeck	For distinguished engineering as evidenced by the conception and development of Liebeck airfoils and Blended Wing Body aircraft Blended wing body Blended Wing Body aircraft have a flattened and airfoil shaped body, which produces most of the lift, the wings contributing the balance. The body form is composed of distinct and separate wing structures, though the wings are smoothly blended into the body... .

External links

• Guggenheim Medal