Brantingham (family)
Encyclopedia
The Brantinghams are a once-noble
Nobility
Nobility is a social class which possesses more acknowledged privileges or eminence than members of most other classes in a society, membership therein typically being hereditary. The privileges associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles, or may be...

 family from North East England
North East England
North East England is one of the nine official regions of England. It covers Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear, and Teesside . The only cities in the region are Durham, Newcastle upon Tyne and Sunderland...

, originally from Brantingham
Brantingham
Brantingham is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated about north of Brough, and west of Kingston upon Hull. It lies to the north of the A63 road...

 in Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Yorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform...

.

Coat of arms

An early Brantingham coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...

 may be preserved in one of two seals attached to document WYL639/191 of the West Yorkshire Archive Services
West Yorkshire Joint Services
West Yorkshire Joint Services provides certain public services to the five districts of West Yorkshire, England . It is jointly funded by the five district councils, pro rata to their population, and is run by a committee of equal numbers of councillors from the five councils...

. The document is a grant of land
Land grant
A land grant is a gift of real estate – land or its privileges – made by a government or other authority as a reward for services to an individual, especially in return for military service...

, dated 18 September 1369, by Nicholas de Brantingham and Richard Bonefaunt to Robert Bonefaunt, vicar
Vicar
In the broadest sense, a vicar is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior . In this sense, the title is comparable to lieutenant...

 of Otley
Otley
-Transport:The main roads through the town are the A660 to the south east, which connects Otley to Bramhope, Adel and Leeds city centre, and the A65 to the west, which goes to Ilkley and Skipton. The A6038 heads to Guiseley, Shipley and Bradford, connecting with the A65...

, and Nicholas, vicar of Weston
Weston, North Yorkshire
Weston is a village and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It is about 1 mile north west of Otley and near the River Wharfe....

. Two seals in red wax attached to the grant are (i) a design of five bur
BUR
BUR may refer to:* Bur, a saying by Gucci Mane* Burs , a Germanic tribe* Bob Hope Airport, Burbank, California * Burmese language * Burkina Faso...

s, with no legend, and (ii) a bird, with an indistinct legend. However, in the absence of distinct legends, it remains uncertain whether either of the seals belongs to Nicholas de Brantingham.

However, later in the same century, Thomas de Brantingham
Thomas de Brantingham
Thomas de Brantingham was an English clergyman who served as Lord Treasurer to Edward III and on two occasions to Richard II, and as bishop of Exeter from 1370 until his death...

, bishop of Exeter
Bishop of Exeter
The Bishop of Exeter is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Exeter in the Province of Canterbury. The incumbent usually signs his name as Exon or incorporates this in his signature....

 and Lord Treasurer
Lord High Treasurer
The post of Lord High Treasurer or Lord Treasurer was an English government position and has been a British government position since the Act of Union of 1707. A holder of the post would be the third highest ranked Great Officer of State, below the Lord High Chancellor and above the Lord President...

, had arms sable
Sable (heraldry)
In heraldry, sable is the tincture black, and belongs to the class of dark tinctures, called "colours". In engravings and line drawings, it is sometimes depicted as a region of crossed horizontal and vertical lines or else marked with sa. as an abbreviation.The name derives from the black fur of...

, a fess
Fess
In heraldry, a fess or fesse is a charge on a coat of arms that takes the form of a band running horizontally across the centre of the shield. Writers disagree in how much of the shield's surface is to be covered by a fess or other ordinary, ranging from one-fifth to one-third...

 crenelle, between three Catherine wheel
Breaking wheel
The breaking wheel, also known as the Catherine wheel or simply the wheel, was a torture device used for capital punishment in the Middle Ages and early modern times for public execution by bludgeoning to death...

s, or
Or (heraldry)
In heraldry, Or is the tincture of gold and, together with argent , belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals". In engravings and line drawings, it may be represented using a field of evenly spaced dots...

.

Political influence

During the fourteenth century, and in particular during the reign of Edward III
Edward III of England
Edward III was King of England from 1327 until his death and is noted for his military success. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe...

, several de Brantinghams held great offices of the state, including Ralph de Brantingham
Ralph de Brantingham
Ralph de Brantingham was an English noble of the mid-fourteenth century, who served as King's Chamberlain to Edward III.-Political offices:De Brantingham was appointed King's Chamberlain on 31 January 1349 and admitted the following day, 1 February 1349...

, King's Chamberlain
Lord Chamberlain
The Lord Chamberlain or Lord Chamberlain of the Household is one of the chief officers of the Royal Household in the United Kingdom and is to be distinguished from the Lord Great Chamberlain, one of the Great Officers of State....

 to Edward III
Edward III of England
Edward III was King of England from 1327 until his death and is noted for his military success. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe...

 from 1349, and Thomas de Brantingham
Thomas de Brantingham
Thomas de Brantingham was an English clergyman who served as Lord Treasurer to Edward III and on two occasions to Richard II, and as bishop of Exeter from 1370 until his death...

 (died 1394), Lord Treasurer from 1369 to 1371 and Bishop of Exeter
Bishop of Exeter
The Bishop of Exeter is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Exeter in the Province of Canterbury. The incumbent usually signs his name as Exon or incorporates this in his signature....

 from 1370 until his death.

The Brantinghams had close relationships with many of the leading families of the North East. Ralph de Brantingham was granted two shops in Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith was an urban district between 1894 and 1974, when it was merged into Eden District.The authority's area was coterminous with the civil parish of Penrith although when the council was abolished Penrith became an unparished area....

, by Ralph de Neville
Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby
Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby was an English aristocrat, son of Ralph Neville, 1st Baron Neville de Raby and Euphemia de Clavering....

, second Baron Neville de Raby
Baron Neville de Raby
Baron Neville de Raby, also referred to as Baron Raby, was an ancient title in the Peerage of England. It was first created around 1295 for Ralph Neville. The fourth baron was created Earl of Westmorland in 1397, and the two titles remained merged until the sixth earl was attainted in 1571...

, and his daughter, Thomasina, married Thomas de Salcock of a noble family from Sawcock. Anne Fletame of Stockton
Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in north east England. It is the major settlement in the unitary authority and borough of Stockton-on-Tees. For ceremonial purposes, the borough is split between County Durham and North Yorkshire as it also incorporates a number of smaller towns including...

, an ancestor of Sir Samuel Garth
Samuel Garth
Sir Samuel Garth FRS was an English physician and poet.Garth was born in Bolam in County Durham and matriculated at Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1676, graduating B.A. in 1679 and...

, in her will
Will (law)
A will or testament is a legal declaration by which a person, the testator, names one or more persons to manage his/her estate and provides for the transfer of his/her property at death...

 of 24 April 1562, bequeathed a linen
Linen
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is labor-intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather....

 kerchief
Kerchief
A kerchief is a triangular or square piece of cloth tied around the head or around the neck for protective or decorative purposes...

, an apron
Apron
An apron is an outer protective garment that covers primarily the front of the body. It may be worn for hygienic reasons as well as in order to protect clothes from wear and tear. The apron is commonly part of the uniform of several work categories, including waitresses, nurses, and domestic...

 and a pair of hose
Hose (clothing)
Hose are any of various styles of men's clothing for the legs and lower body, worn from the Middle Ages through the 17th century, when the term fell out of use in favor of breeches and stockings. The old plural form of "hose" was hosen...

 to Jane Brantingham. Nathaniel Brantingham married Anne, daughter of Matthew White of Redheugh, a gentleman
Gentleman
The term gentleman , in its original and strict signification, denoted a well-educated man of good family and distinction, analogous to the Latin generosus...

 connected to the Lambtons, later Earls of Durham
Earl of Durham
Earl of Durham is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1833 for the prominent Whig politician and colonial official John Lambton, 1st Baron Durham. Known as "Radical Jack", he played a leading role in the passing of the Great Reform Act of 1832...

, and was bequeathed 40 shillings
Shilling (English coin)
The English shilling was a coin of the Kingdom of England, when first introduced known as the testoon. It remained in circulation until it became the British shilling as the result of the Union of England and Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707.There were twenty shillings to the...

 in White's will of 29 December 1586.

Scandals

The de Brantinghams were implicated in several scandals of the period: Sir William de Brantingham
William de Brantingham
Sir William de Brantingham was an English noble and clergyman of the late fourteenth century, and the brother of Thomas de Brantingham, bishop of Exeter and Lord Treasurer.-Religious roles:...

, a knight, was found to have used "chicaneries" to re-assign property on the death of his ward
Ward
Ward may refer to:* A Watchman as in Watch and Ward* Ward , someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian* USS Aaron Ward, a series of U.S...

; and Simon de Brantingham
Simon de Brantingham
Simon de Brantingham was an English noble of the mid-fourteenth century. During the reign of Edward III, de Brantingham held the stewardship of the Hospital of St John the Baptist in Dorchester, Dorset, although his involvement in the embezzlement and wanton disposal of the hospital's assets...

, was dismissed as steward
Steward (office)
A steward is an official who is appointed by the legal ruling monarch to represent him or her in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in his or her name; in the latter case, it roughly corresponds with the position of governor or deputy...

 of the Hospital of St John the Baptist in Dorchester, Dorset for having sold off the hospital's land and carried away linens
Linens
Linens are fabric household goods, such as pillowcases and towels.Originally, many, such as bed sheets and tablecloths, were made of linen. Today, the term "linen" has come to be applied to all related products even though most are made of cotton, synthetic fabrics or blends...

 and bedding
Bedding
Bedding refers to the materials laid above the mattress of a bed for hygiene, warmth, to protect the mattress, and for decorative effect. Bedding is the removable and washable portion of a human sleeping environment. It is more easily and economically replaced than the bed itself...

 from the hospital.

Several Brantinghams found themselves in brushes with the law:
  • In 1341/1342, Randulph de Brantyngham, former rector of the church of Hotham
    Hotham, East Riding of Yorkshire
    Hotham is a small village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately west of Hull city centre and south of Market Weighton town centre. The village has good road links with the cities of Kingston upon Hull, York and Leeds...

    , was the defendant in the Curia Ebor
    Archbishop of York
    The Archbishop of York is a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. He is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and metropolitan of the Province of York, which covers the northern portion of England as well as the Isle of Man...

     in an action brought against him for "violation of church rights" by Richard de Wath, his successor in the rectory.
  • On 28 January 1365, Emma, wife of the late John de Brantingham
    John de Brantingham
    John de Brantingham was an English Christian clergyman of the early fourteenth century AD. He held a prebend of Derby Cathedral, value 5 marks a year, and the rectory of Askeby, worth 20 marks annually. In June 1318, Pope John XXII empowered de Brantingham to hold, in addition to his existing...

     of York
    York
    York is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence...

    , chaloner, was pardoned by Robert de Thorpe
    Robert Thorpe (Lord Chancellor)
    Sir Robert Thorpe KS JP was a British justice. He was the son of another Sir Robert Thorpe, and is occasionally confused with another Robert Thorpe who was second master of Pembroke College, Cambridge at around the same time...

    , Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
    Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
    The Court of Common Pleas, also known as the Common Bench or Common Place, was the second highest common law court in the English legal system until 1880, when it was dissolved. As such, the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was one of the highest judicial officials in England, behind only the Lord...

    , on her surrender to the Fleet Prison
    Fleet Prison
    Fleet Prison was a notorious London prison by the side of the Fleet River in London. The prison was built in 1197 and was in use until 1844. It was demolished in 1846.- History :...

    . The case, heard at Westminster
    Westminster
    Westminster is an area of central London, within the City of Westminster, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames, southwest of the City of London and southwest of Charing Cross...

    , concerned Emma de Brantingham, executrix
    Executor
    An executor, in the broadest sense, is one who carries something out .-Overview:...

     of her husband's will, for her waiver
    Waiver
    A waiver is the voluntary relinquishment or surrender of some known right or privilege.While a waiver is often in writing, sometimes a person's actions can act as a waiver. An example of a written waiver is a disclaimer, which becomes a waiver when accepted...

     in the county of York for non-appearance before the justices of the Bench
    Justice of the King's Bench
    Justice of the King's Bench, or Justice of the Queen's Bench during the reign of a female monarch, was a puisne judicial position within the Court of King's Bench, under the Chief Justice. The King's Bench was a court of common law which modern academics argue was founded independently in 1234,...

     to answer William de Wederhale of York, pulter, touching a plea
    Plea
    In legal terms, a plea is simply an answer to a claim made by someone in a civil or criminal case under common law using the adversary system. Colloquially, a plea has come to mean the assertion by a criminal defendant at arraignment, or otherwise in response to a criminal charge, whether that...

     that she render to him 10l. 2s.
  • On 10 September 1594, Richard Brantingham of St Helen Auckland
    St Helen Auckland
    St Helen Auckland is a village in County Durham, in England. It is south-west of Bishop Auckland. It is named after St. Helen in distinction from Bishop Auckland as the church is dedicated to her.-External links:*...

     was pardoned by Elizabeth I
    Elizabeth I of England
    Elizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...

     for burglary
    Burglary
    Burglary is a crime, the essence of which is illicit entry into a building for the purposes of committing an offense. Usually that offense will be theft, but most jurisdictions specify others which fall within the ambit of burglary...

    .

Descent into penury

However, by the sixteenth century, at least one branch of the family seems to have fallen from grace. One John Brantingham is mentioned in the will of John Benley Prest, dated 20 December 1564, as having taken on William Prentis (a beneficiary
Beneficiary
A beneficiary in the broadest sense is a natural person or other legal entity who receives money or other benefits from a benefactor. For example: The beneficiary of a life insurance policy, is the person who receives the payment of the amount of insurance after the death of the insured...

 of the will) as an indentured servant
Indentured servant
Indentured servitude refers to the historical practice of contracting to work for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities during the term of indenture. Usually the father made the arrangements and signed...

. From Prentis' second indenture, as an apprentice
Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a skill. Apprentices or protégés build their careers from apprenticeships...

 to a tailor
Tailor
A tailor is a person who makes, repairs, or alters clothing professionally, especially suits and men's clothing.Although the term dates to the thirteenth century, tailor took on its modern sense in the late eighteenth century, and now refers to makers of men's and women's suits, coats, trousers,...

, it may be that Brantingham was also in the same trade. Six years later, in the will of one Margery Brantingham of the parish of St Andrew's, Auckland, dated 30 September 1570, states that she was working as a servant to John Robinson of Myddleston. The inventory of her possessions is not abundant, and that her presumed relations, Leonard and Edward Brantingham, owed her money suggests that the family as a whole had fallen on hard times.

This branch of the family seems to have continued to try several trades: the burial register of St Nicholas' Church, Durham
St Nicholas' Church, Durham
St Nicholas' Church, commonly known as St Nic's, is a Church of England place of worship located on Durham marketplace and is the city's civic church...

 records the burial of Elizabeth Brantingham, a daughter of Jarard Brantingham, a "rough mason
Masonry
Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar; the term masonry can also refer to the units themselves. The common materials of masonry construction are brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone; concrete block, glass block, stucco, and...

".

Influence in the clergy

The Brantinghams maintained a presence in the religious life of North East England. John de Brantingham
John de Brantingham
John de Brantingham was an English Christian clergyman of the early fourteenth century AD. He held a prebend of Derby Cathedral, value 5 marks a year, and the rectory of Askeby, worth 20 marks annually. In June 1318, Pope John XXII empowered de Brantingham to hold, in addition to his existing...

 was empowered by Pope John XXII
Pope John XXII
Pope John XXII , born Jacques Duèze , was pope from 1316 to 1334. He was the second Pope of the Avignon Papacy , elected by a conclave in Lyon assembled by Philip V of France...

 himself in June 1318 to take up the rectory
Rectory
A rectory is the residence, or former residence, of a rector, most often a Christian cleric, but in some cases an academic rector or other person with that title...

 of Huggate
Huggate
Huggate is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately north west of Beverley town centre and west of Driffield town centre...

 in the diocese of York
Diocese of York
The Diocese of York is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York. It covers the city of York, the eastern part of North Yorkshire, and most of the East Riding of Yorkshire....

, in addition to the rectory of Askeby and a prebend of Derby Cathedral
Derby Cathedral
The Cathedral of All Saints , is a cathedral church in the City of Derby, England. It is the seat of the Bishop of Derby, and with an area of around is the smallest Anglican cathedral in England.-History:...

. He is later recorded as vicar
Vicar
In the broadest sense, a vicar is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior . In this sense, the title is comparable to lieutenant...

 of Otley
Otley
-Transport:The main roads through the town are the A660 to the south east, which connects Otley to Bramhope, Adel and Leeds city centre, and the A65 to the west, which goes to Ilkley and Skipton. The A6038 heads to Guiseley, Shipley and Bradford, connecting with the A65...

 in Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Yorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform...

. Thomas Sparke, Bishop of Berwick, in his will of July 1572, records among his illustrious debtors (who also included Charles Neville, sixth Earl of Westmoreland
Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland
Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was an English nobleman and one of the leaders of the Rising of the North in 1569....

) William Brantingham, "priest
Priest
A priest is a person authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities...

" (although not to be confused with William Brantingham
William Brantingham
William Brantingham was an English clergyman of the sixteenth century and a member of the Brantingham family. He held various posts, including seneschal of the prior of Durham in 1536/1537, and was a gospeller from 1541 until his death in 1548. Brantingham lived in Dun Cow Lane, Lydgate, from...

, seneschal
Seneschal
A seneschal was an officer in the houses of important nobles in the Middle Ages. In the French administrative system of the Middle Ages, the sénéchal was also a royal officer in charge of justice and control of the administration in southern provinces, equivalent to the northern French bailli...

 of the prior of Durham
Prior of Durham
The Prior of Durham was the head of Durham Cathedral Priory, founded c. 1083 with the move of a previous house from Jarrow. The succession continued until dissolution of the monastery in 1540, when the priory was replaced with a deanery church.-List:...

, who died in 1548).

List of notable Brantinghams

  • John de Brantingham
    John de Brantingham
    John de Brantingham was an English Christian clergyman of the early fourteenth century AD. He held a prebend of Derby Cathedral, value 5 marks a year, and the rectory of Askeby, worth 20 marks annually. In June 1318, Pope John XXII empowered de Brantingham to hold, in addition to his existing...

    , a clergy
    Clergy
    Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. A clergyman, churchman or cleric is a member of the clergy, especially one who is a priest, preacher, pastor, or other religious professional....

    man of the early fourteenth century.
  • Ralph de Brantingham
    Ralph de Brantingham
    Ralph de Brantingham was an English noble of the mid-fourteenth century, who served as King's Chamberlain to Edward III.-Political offices:De Brantingham was appointed King's Chamberlain on 31 January 1349 and admitted the following day, 1 February 1349...

    , King's Chamberlain to Edward III from 1349.
  • Thomas de Brantingham
    Thomas de Brantingham
    Thomas de Brantingham was an English clergyman who served as Lord Treasurer to Edward III and on two occasions to Richard II, and as bishop of Exeter from 1370 until his death...

    , Lord Treasurer from 1369 to 1371 and Bishop of Exeter from 1370 until his death.
  • Sir William de Brantingham, a knight and executor of wills of the fourteenth century.
  • Simon de Brantingham
    Simon de Brantingham
    Simon de Brantingham was an English noble of the mid-fourteenth century. During the reign of Edward III, de Brantingham held the stewardship of the Hospital of St John the Baptist in Dorchester, Dorset, although his involvement in the embezzlement and wanton disposal of the hospital's assets...

    , disgraced steward of the Hospital of St John the Baptist in Dorchester, Dorset.
  • Robert de Brantingham
    Robert de Brantingham
    Robert de Brantingham was an English noble of the late fourteenth century. He lived in southern England, although the Brantingham family traditionally came from Brantingham in Yorkshire, and his half-effigy in brass may be found in St Martin's Church, East Horsley, Surrey.-Legal involvement:On 18...

     (d. c. 1400), of whom a half-effigy
    Effigy
    An effigy is a representation of a person, especially in the form of sculpture or some other three-dimensional form.The term is usually associated with full-length figures of a deceased person depicted in stone or wood on church monuments. These most often lie supine with hands together in prayer,...

     in brass
    Brass
    Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties.In comparison, bronze is principally an alloy of copper and tin...

     is in St Martin's Church in East Horsley.
  • William Brantingham, seneschal of the prior of Durham in 1536/1537.
  • Richard Brantingham of Seaton, County Durham
    Seaton, County Durham
    Seaton is a village in County Durham, in England. It is on the A19 road south of Sunderland.The village boasts two pubs....

    , buried at Stranton on 29 May 1657, having lived to the age of 106.
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