800    Coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor, in Rome.

881    Pope John VIII crowns Charles the Fat, the King of Italy: Emperor

962    ''Translatio imperii'': Pope John XII crowns Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor in nearly 40 years.

982    Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria

996    Sixteen-year-old Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

1026    Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.

1039    Henry III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

1111    Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

1186    Henry VI, the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, marries Constance of Sicily.

1227    Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to participate in the Crusades.

1268    Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily, a political rival and ally to the hostile Roman Catholic church.

1438    Albert II of Habsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

1530    At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.

1539    Treaty of Toledo signed by King Francis I of France and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

1548    The city of Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace) was founded by Captain Alonso de Mendoza by appointment of the king of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V.

1556    Departing from Vlissingen, ex-Holy Roman Emperor Charles V returns to Spain.

1637    Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

1742    Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

1806    Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates ending the Holy Roman Empire.