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William Wilkins (architect)
Encyclopedia
William Wilkins RA
(31 August 1778 – 31 August 1839) was an English architect, classical scholar and archaeologist. He designed the National Gallery
and University College
in London, and buildings for several Cambridge colleges.
, the son of a successful builder who also managed a chain of theatres. His brother George Wilkins
was Archdeacon of Nottingham
.
He was educated at Norwich Grammar School and then won a scholarship to Gonville and Caius College
, Cambridge. He graduated
as 6th wrangler in 1800. With the award of the Worts Travelling Bachelorship in 1801, worth £100 for three years, he was able to tour Greece, Asia Minor
, and Magna Græcia in Italy between 1801 and 1804. He published researches into both Classical
and Gothic architecture
, becoming one of the leading figures in the English Greek Revival of the early 19th century. On his tour of the classical antiquities around the Mediterranean he was accompanied by the Italian landscape painter Agostino Aglio
, who had been commissioned by Wilkins as draughtsman on the expedition. Aglio supplied the drawings for the aquatint
plates of monument illustrations in Wilkins' volumes from the expedition, such as The Antiquities of Magna Graecia (1807).
His architectural career began in 1804 with his Greek-revival designs for the newly-established Downing College, Cambridge. The commission came after earlier plans in a Palladian
style by James Wyatt had been rejected as insufficiently classical. Wilkins arranged the college buildings around a single large courtyard. Construction began in 1807 and proceeded slowly, coming to a halt in 1821 with Wilkins' scheme still incomplete.
In 1806 Wilkins designed Haileybury College for the East India Company
, and built or added to Osberton House, near Worksop. These works were followed in 1808 by the Doric entrance to the Lower Assembly Rooms at Bath, and a villa at North Berwick for Sir H. D. Hamilton. At Grange Park, Northington, Hampshire, in 1809, Wilkins encased and remodelled an existing seventeenth-century house, giving it something of the form of a Greek temple, with a large Doric portico at one end.
Wilkins carried out three major London buildings, all in a severe Classical style: University College, Gower Street, designed in 1827–8; St. George's Hospital (1827–8) and the National Gallery (1832–8). The National Gallery was built to occupy the north side of the newly-created Trafalgar Square
, and originally also housed the Royal Academy
. From the beginning the design attracted a great deal of adverse criticism; more recently John Summerson
concluded that although Wilkin's frontage has many virtues "considered critically as a facade commanding a great square, its weakness is apparent".
His other works in the Classical neo-Grecian style include the Theatre Royal Bury St Edmunds 1819, St. Paul's Church, George Street, Nottingham
1822 and the Yorkshire Museum
(1830). He was responsible for two columns built to memory of Admiral Nelson
, both predating William Railton
's design for Trafalgar Square
, one in Dublin and the other in Great Yarmouth.
He also produced buildings in the Gothic style, using it at Dalmeny House
for Lord Rosebery in 1814-17 and at Tregothnan
for Lord Falmouth in 1816. He also used the style at several Cambridge colleges. In 1823 he won the competition to design a set of new buildings for Kings College, Cambridge, comprising the hall, provost's lodge, library, and a stone screen towards Trumpington Street, and in the same year started work on the King's court of Trinity College
, and new buildings, including the chapel, at Corpus Christi College
.
In 1827 Wilkins was appointed architect to the East India Company, and the following year made alterations to its building in Leadenhall Street. He entered the competition to design the Duke of York's Column, and in 1836 that for the Houses of Parliament. After failing to win the latter competition he attacked the plans of his rivals and the decision of the committee in a pamphlet signed "Phil-archimedes".
Wilkins was a member of the Society of Dilettanti from 1817. In 1822-26, he collaborated with John Peter Gandy
on the Clubhouse for the new United University Club
, in Pall Mall
. He was made an associate of the Royal Society
in 1824 and given full membership in 1826. He was appointed professor of architecture at the Royal Academy following the death of John Soane
in 1837, but gave no lectures before he died himself in August 1839.
He is buried in the chapel
of Corpus Christi College, his own favourite among his works.
His study of Vitruvius, while flawed, assisted later authors interpreting difficult parts of the text.
Royal Academy
The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
(31 August 1778 – 31 August 1839) was an English architect, classical scholar and archaeologist. He designed the National Gallery
National gallery
The National Gallery is an art gallery on Trafalgar Square, London, United Kingdom.National Gallery may also refer to:*Armenia: National Gallery of Armenia, Yerevan*Australia:**National Gallery of Australia, Canberra...
and University College
University College London
University College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and the oldest and largest constituent college of the federal University of London...
in London, and buildings for several Cambridge colleges.
Life
Wilkins was born in the parish of St. Giles, NorwichNorwich
Norwich is a city in England. It is the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. During the 11th century, Norwich was the largest city in England after London, and one of the most important places in the kingdom...
, the son of a successful builder who also managed a chain of theatres. His brother George Wilkins
George Wilkins (priest)
George Wilkins, D.D. was born in May 1785 in Norwich. He served as a priest in the Church of England and was Archdeacon of Nottingham. He died on 13 August 1865.-Life:...
was Archdeacon of Nottingham
Archdeacon of Nottingham
The historic Archdeaconry of Nottingham was an extensive ecclesiastical jurisdiction within the diocese of York, England. It comprised almost the whole of the county of Nottingham, and was divided into the four deaneries of Nottingham, Newark, Bingham and Retford...
.
He was educated at Norwich Grammar School and then won a scholarship to Gonville and Caius College
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college is often referred to simply as "Caius" , after its second founder, John Keys, who fashionably latinised the spelling of his name after studying in Italy.- Outline :Gonville and...
, Cambridge. He graduated
Graduation
Graduation is the action of receiving or conferring an academic degree or the ceremony that is sometimes associated, where students become Graduates. Before the graduation, candidates are referred to as Graduands. The date of graduation is often called degree day. The graduation itself is also...
as 6th wrangler in 1800. With the award of the Worts Travelling Bachelorship in 1801, worth £100 for three years, he was able to tour Greece, Asia Minor
Asia Minor
Asia Minor is a geographical location at the westernmost protrusion of Asia, also called Anatolia, and corresponds to the western two thirds of the Asian part of Turkey...
, and Magna Græcia in Italy between 1801 and 1804. He published researches into both Classical
Classical architecture
Classical architecture is a mode of architecture employing vocabulary derived in part from the Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, enriched by classicizing architectural practice in Europe since the Renaissance...
and Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
, becoming one of the leading figures in the English Greek Revival of the early 19th century. On his tour of the classical antiquities around the Mediterranean he was accompanied by the Italian landscape painter Agostino Aglio
Agostino Aglio
Agostino Aglio was an Italian painter, decorator, and engraver.He was born at Cremona. He trained at the Brera academy in Milan. In 1803 he came to England to assist William Wilkins, the well-known architect, in the production of his Antiquities of Magna Graecia which was published in 1807...
, who had been commissioned by Wilkins as draughtsman on the expedition. Aglio supplied the drawings for the aquatint
Aquatint
Aquatint is an intaglio printmaking technique, a variant of etching.Intaglio printmaking makes marks on the matrix that are capable of holding ink. The inked plate is passed through a printing press together with a sheet of paper, resulting in a transfer of the ink to the paper...
plates of monument illustrations in Wilkins' volumes from the expedition, such as The Antiquities of Magna Graecia (1807).
His architectural career began in 1804 with his Greek-revival designs for the newly-established Downing College, Cambridge. The commission came after earlier plans in a Palladian
Palladian architecture
Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio . The term "Palladian" normally refers to buildings in a style inspired by Palladio's own work; that which is recognised as Palladian architecture today is an evolution of...
style by James Wyatt had been rejected as insufficiently classical. Wilkins arranged the college buildings around a single large courtyard. Construction began in 1807 and proceeded slowly, coming to a halt in 1821 with Wilkins' scheme still incomplete.
In 1806 Wilkins designed Haileybury College for the East India Company
East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...
, and built or added to Osberton House, near Worksop. These works were followed in 1808 by the Doric entrance to the Lower Assembly Rooms at Bath, and a villa at North Berwick for Sir H. D. Hamilton. At Grange Park, Northington, Hampshire, in 1809, Wilkins encased and remodelled an existing seventeenth-century house, giving it something of the form of a Greek temple, with a large Doric portico at one end.
Wilkins carried out three major London buildings, all in a severe Classical style: University College, Gower Street, designed in 1827–8; St. George's Hospital (1827–8) and the National Gallery (1832–8). The National Gallery was built to occupy the north side of the newly-created Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square is a public space and tourist attraction in central London, England, United Kingdom. At its centre is Nelson's Column, which is guarded by four lion statues at its base. There are a number of statues and sculptures in the square, with one plinth displaying changing pieces of...
, and originally also housed the Royal Academy
Royal Academy
The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
. From the beginning the design attracted a great deal of adverse criticism; more recently John Summerson
John Summerson
Sir John Newenham Summerson CH CBE was one of the leading British architectural historians of the 20th century....
concluded that although Wilkin's frontage has many virtues "considered critically as a facade commanding a great square, its weakness is apparent".
His other works in the Classical neo-Grecian style include the Theatre Royal Bury St Edmunds 1819, St. Paul's Church, George Street, Nottingham
St. Paul's Church, George Street, Nottingham
St. Paul’s Church, George Street, was a Church of England church built as a Chapel of Ease to St. Mary's Church, Nottingham. It was opened in 1822 and closed in 1924.-Background:...
1822 and the Yorkshire Museum
Yorkshire Museum
The Yorkshire Museum is a museum in York, England. It is the home of the Cawood sword, and has four permanent collections, covering biology, geology, archaeology and astronomy...
(1830). He was responsible for two columns built to memory of Admiral Nelson
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronté, KB was a flag officer famous for his service in the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars. He was noted for his inspirational leadership and superb grasp of strategy and unconventional tactics, which resulted in a number of...
, both predating William Railton
William Railton
William Railton was an English architect, best known as the designer of Nelson's Column. He was based in London with offices at 12 Regent Street for much of his career.He was a pupil of the London architect and surveyor William Inwood....
's design for Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square is a public space and tourist attraction in central London, England, United Kingdom. At its centre is Nelson's Column, which is guarded by four lion statues at its base. There are a number of statues and sculptures in the square, with one plinth displaying changing pieces of...
, one in Dublin and the other in Great Yarmouth.
He also produced buildings in the Gothic style, using it at Dalmeny House
Dalmeny House
Dalmeny House is a Gothic revival mansion located in an estate close to Dalmeny on the Firth of Forth, to the north-west of Edinburgh, Scotland. It was designed by William Wilkins, and completed in 1817.Dalmeny House is the home of the Earl and Countess of Rosebery. The house was the first in...
for Lord Rosebery in 1814-17 and at Tregothnan
Tregothnan
The Tregothnan Estate is located beside the village of St Michael Penkivel south-east of Truro in Cornwall, United Kingdom.The house and estate is the traditional home of the Boscawen family, and the seat of Lord Falmouth. The original house was built in Plantagenet times and sacked in the English...
for Lord Falmouth in 1816. He also used the style at several Cambridge colleges. In 1823 he won the competition to design a set of new buildings for Kings College, Cambridge, comprising the hall, provost's lodge, library, and a stone screen towards Trumpington Street, and in the same year started work on the King's court of Trinity College
Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Trinity has more members than any other college in Cambridge or Oxford, with around 700 undergraduates, 430 graduates, and over 170 Fellows...
, and new buildings, including the chapel, at Corpus Christi College
Corpus Christi College
Corpus Christi College can refer to the following colleges:*Corpus Christi College, Cambridge*Corpus Christi College, Oxford*Corpus Christi College *Corpus Christi College, Melbourne...
.
Wilkins was a member of the Society of Dilettanti from 1817. In 1822-26, he collaborated with John Peter Gandy
John Peter Gandy
John Peter Gandy , later John Peter Deering, was a British architect.-Family:John was the youngest child of the ten children of Thomas Gandy and his wife, Sophia, née Adams. His older brothers included the painter Joseph Michael Gandy ARA and the architect Michael Gandy...
on the Clubhouse for the new United University Club
United University Club
The United University Club was a London gentlemen's club, founded in 1821. It occupied the purpose-built University Club House, at 1, Suffolk Street, London, England, from 1826 until 1971.-Formation and membership:...
, in Pall Mall
Pall Mall, London
Pall Mall is a street in the City of Westminster, London, and parallel to The Mall, from St. James's Street across Waterloo Place to the Haymarket; while Pall Mall East continues into Trafalgar Square. The street is a major thoroughfare in the St James's area of London, and a section of the...
. He was made an associate of the Royal Society
Royal Society
The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is possibly the oldest such society in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London"...
in 1824 and given full membership in 1826. He was appointed professor of architecture at the Royal Academy following the death of John Soane
John Soane
Sir John Soane, RA was an English architect who specialised in the Neo-Classical style. His architectural works are distinguished by their clean lines, massing of simple form, decisive detailing, careful proportions and skilful use of light sources...
in 1837, but gave no lectures before he died himself in August 1839.
He is buried in the chapel
Chapel
A chapel is a building used by Christians as a place of fellowship and worship. It may be part of a larger structure or complex, such as a church, college, hospital, palace, prison or funeral home, located on board a military or commercial ship, or it may be an entirely free-standing building,...
of Corpus Christi College, his own favourite among his works.
His study of Vitruvius, while flawed, assisted later authors interpreting difficult parts of the text.
List of publications
- Some Account of the Prior's Chapel at Ely in pages 105-12 Archaeologia XIV (1801)
- Antiquities of Magna Graecia (1807)
- Observations on the Porta Honoris of Caius College, Cambridge in Vetusta MonumentaVetusta MonumentaVetusta Monumenta is the title of a published series of illustrated antiquarian papers on ancient buildings, sites, and artefacts, mostly those of Britain, published at irregular intervals between 1718 and 1906 by the Society of Antiquaries of London...
, iv (1809) - The Civil Architecture of VitruviusVitruviusMarcus Vitruvius Pollio was a Roman writer, architect and engineer, active in the 1st century BC. He is best known as the author of the multi-volume work De Architectura ....
: Comprising those Books of the Author which Relate to the Public and Private Edifices off the Ancients (1813 and 1817) - Atheniensia, or Remarks of the Topography and Buildings in Athens (1816)
- Remarks on the Architectural Inscription Brought from Athens, and now Preserved in the British Museum in pages 580-603, Memoirs relating to European & Asiatic Turkey edited by Rev. Robert Walpole (1817)
- On the Sculptures of the Parthenon in Travels in Various Countries edited by Rev. Robert Walpole (1820)
- Report on the State of Sherborne Church (1828)
- Prolusiones Architectonicae or Essays on Subjects Connected with Grecian and Roman Architecture (1837)
- The Lydo-Phrygian Inscription in pages 155-60 of Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, III (1839)
List of architectural work
- Downing College, CambridgeDowning College, CambridgeDowning College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college was founded in 1800 and currently has around 650 students.- History :...
, designed (1805), west range built (1807–13), east range built (1818–22) the remainder of the design remained unexecuted - East India College (now Haileybury CollegeHaileybury, MelbourneHaileybury is an independent school affiliated with the Uniting Church in Australia, located in Berwick, Brighton East and Keysborough, suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The school incorporates both Haileybury College, an all-boys college and Haileybury Girls' College, an all-girls college...
), Hertfordshire (1805–09) - Norwich CathedralNorwich CathedralNorwich Cathedral is a cathedral located in Norwich, Norfolk, dedicated to the Holy and Undivided Trinity. Formerly a Catholic church, it has belonged to the Church of England since the English Reformation....
, restoration work with his father (1806) - Lower Assembly Rooms, Bath, Somerset, later the Bath Royal Literary Institution, (1808), demolished (1933)
- Nelson's PillarNelson's PillarThe Nelson Pillar , known locally as Nelson's Pillar or simply The Pillar, was a large granite pillar topped by a statue of Horatio Nelson in the middle of O'Connell Street, Dublin...
, Dublin, altered in execution by Francis JohnstonFrancis Johnston (architect)See Francis Johnson for English architect of similar name.Francis Johnston was an Irish architect, best known for building the General Post Office on O’Connell Street, Dublin.-Life:... - The Grange, Northington, remodelled, based on a Greek temple (1809)
- Argyll House, Argyll Street, London, alterations to the interior (1809) demolished
- Pentillie CastlePentilliePentillie is a grade II* listed country house and estate, located on the banks of the River Tamar in Pillaton, near to St Mellion, in Cornwall, England, in the United Kingdom...
, Cornwall, addition of a new wing (1810) - Theatre, ColchesterColchesterColchester is an historic town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester in Essex, England.At the time of the census in 2001, it had a population of 104,390. However, the population is rapidly increasing, and has been named as one of Britain's fastest growing towns. As the...
, Essex, renovations (1811) demolished - Lensfield House, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, remodelled, including portico, Wilkin's own house, (1811) demolished (1955)
- Theatre, Newmarket Road, Cambridge, (1814) later remodelled
- Dalmeny HouseDalmeny HouseDalmeny House is a Gothic revival mansion located in an estate close to Dalmeny on the Firth of Forth, to the north-west of Edinburgh, Scotland. It was designed by William Wilkins, and completed in 1817.Dalmeny House is the home of the Earl and Countess of Rosebery. The house was the first in...
, West Lothian (1814–19) - Nelson Column, Great YarmouthGreat YarmouthGreat Yarmouth, often known to locals as Yarmouth, is a coastal town in Norfolk, England. It is at the mouth of the River Yare, east of Norwich.It has been a seaside resort since 1760, and is the gateway from the Norfolk Broads to the sea...
(1815–17) - TregothnanTregothnanThe Tregothnan Estate is located beside the village of St Michael Penkivel south-east of Truro in Cornwall, United Kingdom.The house and estate is the traditional home of the Boscawen family, and the seat of Lord Falmouth. The original house was built in Plantagenet times and sacked in the English...
, Cornwall (1815–18) - Theatre Royal, Great Yarmouth (1816) demolished
- The Perse SchoolThe Perse SchoolThe Perse Upper School is an independent secondary co-educational day school in Cambridge, England. The school was founded in 1615 by Dr Stephen Perse, a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and has existed on several different sites in the city before its present home on Hills...
, Cambridge, remodelled interiors (1816) demolished - Former Freemason's Hall, Bath, Somerset (1817)
- Keswick Hall, Norfolk, remodelling and additions (1817–19)
- Bridge, King's College Cambridge (1818)
- Theatre Royal, Bury St Edmunds (1818)
- Church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge, alterations to the interior including a new west gallery (1819)
- Dunmore ParkDunmore PineappleThe Dunmore Pineapple is a folly said to "rank as the most bizarre building in Scotland." It is situated in Dunmore Park, approximately one kilometre northwest of Airth and the same distance south of Dunmore in the Falkirk council area, Scotland...
, Stirlingshire, (1820-2), demolished (1972) - New Norfolk Gaol and Shire HouseNorwich CastleNorwich Castle is a medieval royal fortification in the city of Norwich, in the English county of Norfolk. It was founded in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest of England when William the Conqueror ordered its construction because he wished to have a fortified place in the important city of...
, Norwich, built as part of the Norwich Castle complex (1820–24) partly demolished - St. Paul's Church, NottinghamNottinghamNottingham is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and represents one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group...
(1821–22) demolished (1926) - New Court, Trinity College, CambridgeTrinity College, CambridgeTrinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Trinity has more members than any other college in Cambridge or Oxford, with around 700 undergraduates, 430 graduates, and over 170 Fellows...
(1821–1827) - United University ClubUnited University ClubThe United University Club was a London gentlemen's club, founded in 1821. It occupied the purpose-built University Club House, at 1, Suffolk Street, London, England, from 1826 until 1971.-Formation and membership:...
, Pall Mall East, London (1821–26) rebuilt (1902) - New Quadrangle, Corpus Christi College, CambridgeCorpus Christi College, CambridgeCorpus Christi College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. It is notable as the only college founded by Cambridge townspeople: it was established in 1352 by the Guilds of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary...
(1821–27) - Entrance Screen with Gatehouse and South Range with Great Hall and Library, King's College, CambridgeKing's College, CambridgeKing's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college's full name is "The King's College of our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge", but it is usually referred to simply as "King's" within the University....
(1823–28) - East India Company Military SeminaryAddiscombe Military AcademyThe East India Company Military Seminary, colloquially known as Addiscombe Seminary, Addiscombe College, or Addiscombe Military Academy was a British military academy at Addiscombe, Surrey, in what is now the London Borough of Croydon. It was established in 1809, and closed in 1861...
, Addiscombe, Surrey, added dining room, barracks and office block (1825–27), demolished (1861) - Theatre Royal, Norwich, reconstruction, including a Greek doric colonnade (1825–26) burnt down (1934)
- Former St George's HospitalSt George's HospitalFounded in 1733, St George’s Hospital is one of the UK's largest teaching hospitals. It shares its main hospital site in Tooting, England with the St George's, University of London which trains NHS staff and carries out advanced medical research....
, (now The LanesboroughThe LanesboroughThe Lanesborough is a 5-star hotel on Hyde Park Corner, Knightsbridge, central London, England. Operated by the American Starwood Hotels corporation, it is reputedly the most expensive hotel in London, the highest rate being up to £14,000 per night for the "The Lanesborough Suite". A 24-hour...
Hotel),Hyde Park Corner, London (1826–28) - County Gaol HuntingdonHuntingdonHuntingdon is a market town in Cambridgeshire, England. The town was chartered by King John in 1205. It is the traditional county town of Huntingdonshire, and is currently the seat of the Huntingdonshire district council. It is known as the birthplace in 1599 of Oliver Cromwell.-History:Huntingdon...
(1826) - University College LondonUniversity College LondonUniversity College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and the oldest and largest constituent college of the federal University of London...
(1826–1830) later completed to amended designs by 1869 - Yorkshire Philosophical SocietyYorkshire Philosophical SocietyThe Yorkshire Philosophical Society is a charitable learned society aimed at promoting the natural sciences, archaeology and history. The society was formed in York in December 1822 by James Atkinson, William Salmond, Anthony Thorpe and William Vernon....
Museum (now Yorkshire MuseumYorkshire MuseumThe Yorkshire Museum is a museum in York, England. It is the home of the Cawood sword, and has four permanent collections, covering biology, geology, archaeology and astronomy...
) (1827–30) - Brooke Hall, Norfolk additions (1827)
- House, KingswestonKingswestonKingsweston is a ward of the city of Bristol. The three districts in the ward are Coombe Dingle, Lawrence Weston and Sea Mills. The ward takes its name from the old district of Kings Weston , now generally considered part of Lawrence Weston.-Coombe Dingle:Coombe Dingle is a suburb of Bristol,...
, Bristol, addition of a Doric Portico (1828) - National GalleryNational galleryThe National Gallery is an art gallery on Trafalgar Square, London, United Kingdom.National Gallery may also refer to:*Armenia: National Gallery of Armenia, Yerevan*Australia:**National Gallery of Australia, Canberra...
, London, originally only one room deep, and also housed the Royal AcademyRoyal AcademyThe Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
(1831–1838) much extended and remodelled