John Peter Gandy
Encyclopedia
John Peter Gandy later John Peter Deering, was a British architect.
ARA (1771–1843) and the architect Michael Gandy (bap. 1773, d. 1862). Their father Thomas worked at White's Club, St James's, London.
Schools, where he was awarded their silver medal in 1806. He exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1805 and 1833. His early exhibits included "A Design for the Royal Academy" (1807) and two drawings, "An Ancient City" and "The Environs of an Ancient City" (1810).
In 1810 his was the winning design for a new Bethlem Hospital, though it was never built. He was also a pupil of James Wyatt
from 1805 to 1808 and, when he left Wyatt's office, he took a job at the barrack office. He was granted leave from there from 1811 to 1813 to accompany Sir William Gell
as his architectural draughtsman on an expedition to Greece on behalf of the Society of Dilettanti. The write-up of the trip was published in 1817 as The Unedited Antiquities of Attica, and in 1840 as the third volume of Antiquities of Ionia, edited by William Wilkins
. Gell and Gandy also published Pompeiana (1817–19), which came to be the standard work on the excavations at Pompeii
.
Gandy was elected a member of the Society of Dilettanti in 1830 and then began establishing himself as an architect. To begin with he collaborated with William Wilkins
on works including an abortive 1817 design for a 280 foot tower in Portland Place
commemorating the battle of Waterloo
, which fell through due to an economic recession; the United University Club
, Pall Mall
from 1822–26; and on University College London
, for which his designs were runner-up to Wilkins's, which Gandy then assisted Wilkins to construct. His other London buildings included the Greek Revival St Mark's Church, North Audley Street (1825–8), and Exeter Hall
, in The Strand
(1830–31). He remodelled th courtyard of Burghley House
, Northamptonshire (1828) and made alterations at Shrubland Park
, Suffolk (1831–3). Though he was regarded as an authority on Greek architecture and produced mostly neo-classical designs, there were exceptions, such as the hospital at Stamford
, in the Tudor Gothic
style. He was elected ARA in 1826 and RA in 1838, with Wilkins' support.
In 1828 Gandy's friend Henry Deering bequeathed him the Lee estate, near Great Missenden
, Buckinghamshire. Gandy took the name of Deering and, gradually giving up his profession as an architect, spent the rest of his life as a country gentleman. He was elected as a Conservative
Member of Parliament
(MP) for Aylesbury
at the 1847 general election
, but a petition
led to his election being declared void in 1848. He was High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire
in 1840.
Family
John was the youngest child of the ten children of Thomas Gandy (d. 1814) and his wife, Sophia, née Adams. His older brothers included the painter Joseph Michael GandyJoseph Michael Gandy
Joseph Michael Gandy was an English artist, visionary architect and architectural theorist, most noted for his imaginative paintings depicting Sir John Soane's architectural designs...
ARA (1771–1843) and the architect Michael Gandy (bap. 1773, d. 1862). Their father Thomas worked at White's Club, St James's, London.
Life
In 1805 John Peter Gandy was admitted to the Royal AcademyRoyal Academy
The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London. The Royal Academy of Arts has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and...
Schools, where he was awarded their silver medal in 1806. He exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1805 and 1833. His early exhibits included "A Design for the Royal Academy" (1807) and two drawings, "An Ancient City" and "The Environs of an Ancient City" (1810).
In 1810 his was the winning design for a new Bethlem Hospital, though it was never built. He was also a pupil of James Wyatt
James Wyatt
James Wyatt RA , was an English architect, a rival of Robert Adam in the neoclassical style, who far outdid Adam in his work in the neo-Gothic style.-Early classical career:...
from 1805 to 1808 and, when he left Wyatt's office, he took a job at the barrack office. He was granted leave from there from 1811 to 1813 to accompany Sir William Gell
William Gell
Sir William Gell was an English classical archaeologist and illustrator.-Life:Born at Hopton in Derbyshire, the son of Philip Gell and Dorothy Milnes...
as his architectural draughtsman on an expedition to Greece on behalf of the Society of Dilettanti. The write-up of the trip was published in 1817 as The Unedited Antiquities of Attica, and in 1840 as the third volume of Antiquities of Ionia, edited by William Wilkins
William Wilkins (architect)
William Wilkins RA was an English architect, classical scholar and archaeologist. He designed the National Gallery and University College in London, and buildings for several Cambridge colleges.-Life:...
. Gell and Gandy also published Pompeiana (1817–19), which came to be the standard work on the excavations at Pompeii
Pompeii
The city of Pompeii is a partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. Along with Herculaneum, Pompeii was destroyed and completely buried during a long catastrophic eruption of the volcano Mount Vesuvius spanning...
.
Gandy was elected a member of the Society of Dilettanti in 1830 and then began establishing himself as an architect. To begin with he collaborated with William Wilkins
William Wilkins (architect)
William Wilkins RA was an English architect, classical scholar and archaeologist. He designed the National Gallery and University College in London, and buildings for several Cambridge colleges.-Life:...
on works including an abortive 1817 design for a 280 foot tower in Portland Place
Portland Place
Portland Place is a street in the Marylebone district of central London, England.-History and topography:The street was laid out by the brothers Robert and James Adam for the Duke of Portland in the late 18th century and originally ran north from the gardens of a detached mansion called Foley House...
commemorating the battle of Waterloo
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
, which fell through due to an economic recession; the United University Club
United University Club
The United University Club was a London gentlemen's club, founded in 1821. It occupied the purpose-built University Club House, at 1, Suffolk Street, London, England, from 1826 until 1971.-Formation and membership:...
, Pall Mall
Pall Mall, London
Pall Mall is a street in the City of Westminster, London, and parallel to The Mall, from St. James's Street across Waterloo Place to the Haymarket; while Pall Mall East continues into Trafalgar Square. The street is a major thoroughfare in the St James's area of London, and a section of the...
from 1822–26; and on University College London
University College London
University College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and the oldest and largest constituent college of the federal University of London...
, for which his designs were runner-up to Wilkins's, which Gandy then assisted Wilkins to construct. His other London buildings included the Greek Revival St Mark's Church, North Audley Street (1825–8), and Exeter Hall
Exeter Hall
Exeter Hall was a hall on the north side of The Strand, London, England. It was erected between 1829 and 1831 on the site of Exeter Exchange, to designs by John Peter Gandy, the brother of the visionary architect Joseph Michael Gandy...
, in The Strand
Strand, London
Strand is a street in the City of Westminster, London, England. The street is just over three-quarters of a mile long. It currently starts at Trafalgar Square and runs east to join Fleet Street at Temple Bar, which marks the boundary of the City of London at this point, though its historical length...
(1830–31). He remodelled th courtyard of Burghley House
Burghley House
Burghley House is a grand 16th-century country house near the town of Stamford, Lincolnshire, England...
, Northamptonshire (1828) and made alterations at Shrubland Park
Shrubland Park
Shrubland Park stands on an abrupt glacial ridge in Suffolk, England overlooking the Gipping Valley between Ipswich and Needham Market.The first recorded owner was Robert de Shrubeland, although there is evidence of occupation on the site since the Roman period.The Grade II* listed hall was...
, Suffolk (1831–3). Though he was regarded as an authority on Greek architecture and produced mostly neo-classical designs, there were exceptions, such as the hospital at Stamford
Stamford, Lincolnshire
Stamford is a town and civil parish within the South Kesteven district of the county of Lincolnshire, England. It is approximately to the north of London, on the east side of the A1 road to York and Edinburgh and on the River Welland...
, in the Tudor Gothic
Tudorbethan architecture
The Tudor Revival architecture of the 20th century , first manifested itself in domestic architecture beginning in the United Kingdom in the mid to late 19th century based on a revival of aspects of Tudor style. It later became an influence in some other countries, especially the British colonies...
style. He was elected ARA in 1826 and RA in 1838, with Wilkins' support.
In 1828 Gandy's friend Henry Deering bequeathed him the Lee estate, near Great Missenden
Great Missenden
Great Missenden is a large village in the Misbourne Valley in the Chiltern Hills in Buckinghamshire, England, situated between the towns of Amersham and Wendover. It closely adjoins the villages of Little Missenden and Prestwood. The narrow High Street is bypassed by the main A413 London to...
, Buckinghamshire. Gandy took the name of Deering and, gradually giving up his profession as an architect, spent the rest of his life as a country gentleman. He was elected as a Conservative
Conservative Party (UK)
The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House...
Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
(MP) for Aylesbury
Aylesbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Aylesbury is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Conservative Party has held the seat since 1924, and held it at the 2010 general election with a 52.2% share of the vote.-Boundaries:...
at the 1847 general election
United Kingdom general election, 1847
-Seats summary:-References:* F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987* British Electoral Facts 1832-1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher *...
, but a petition
Election petition
An election petition refers to the procedure for challenging the result of a Parliamentary election or local government election in the United Kingdom and in Hong Kong.- Outcomes :...
led to his election being declared void in 1848. He was High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire
High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire
The High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire, in common with other counties, was originally the King's representative on taxation upholding the law in Saxon times...
in 1840.
Sources
- Dictionary of National BiographyDictionary of National BiographyThe Dictionary of National Biography is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885...
, Deering, formerly GANDY, John Peter (1787–1850), architect, by G. W. Burnet. Published 1888. - ‘Gandy afterwards Deering, John Peter’, H. M.Colvin, A biographical dictionary of British architects, 1600–1840, 3rd edn(1995), 387–8
- A.Felstead, J.Franklin, and L.Pinfield, eds., Directory of British architects, 1834–1900(1993); 2nd edn, ed. A.Brodie and others, 2 vols.(2001)
- R. Windsor Liscombe, William Wilkins, 1778–1839 (1980)
- Algernon GravesAlgernon GravesAlgernon Graves was a British art sales and art exhibition documenter. He created reference sources that began the modern discipline of provenance research.-Early life:...
, A dictionary of artists who have exhibited works in the principal London exhibitions of oil paintings from 1760 to 1880 (1884); new edn. (1895); 3rd edn, 76, 107. - The Builder, 8 (1850), 130
- S. C. Hutchison, ‘The Royal Academy Schools, 1768–1830’, Walpole Society, 38 (1960–62), 123–91
- ‘Gandy-Deering (Peter John, also known as J. P. Gandy, Gandy Deering and J. P. Deering from 1828’, The dictionary of architecture, ed. [W. Papworth] (1853–92)
- Gentleman's Magazine, 2nd ser., 33 (1850), 448