Tatvas are the 96 qualities or properties of human

Human

Humans are the only living species in the Homo genus...

 body

Human anatomy

Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the human body. Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by the naked eye...

 according to Akilattirattu Ammanai

Akilattirattu Ammanai

Akilathirattu Ammanai , also called Thiru Edu , is the main religious text of the Tamil belief system Ayyavazhi...

, the religious book of Ayyavazhi

Ayyavazhi

Ayyavazhi is a dharmic belief system that originated in South India in the 19th century. It is cited as an independent monistic religion by several newspapers, government reports and academic researchers. In Indian censuses, however, the majority of its followers declare themselves as Hindus...

. They are as follows:

Gnanendriya - 5

The organs of sense

Sense

Senses are physiological capacities of organisms that provide inputs for perception. The senses and their operation, classification, and theory are overlapping topics studied by a variety of fields, most notably neuroscience, cognitive psychology , and philosophy of perception...

1. The eye
   Eye
   Eyes are organs that detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement...
   
   - the organ of sight having visible formes as its object.
2. The ear
   Ear
   The ear is the organ that detects sound. It not only receives sound, but also aids in balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system....
   
   - the organ of hearing, having sound as its object.
3. The nose
   Human nose
   The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...
   
   - the organ of smelling, having smell (odors) as its object.
4. The tongue
   Tongue
   The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste , as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly...
   
   - the organ of tasting, having flavors as its object.
5. The skin
   Human skin
   The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to that of most other mammals,...
   
   – the organ of feeling, having touch (contact) as its object.

Karmendriya - 5

The organs of actions

1. The mouth
   Mouth
   The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
   
   (the organ of speech)
2. The feet
3. The hand
   Hand
   A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...
   
   s
4. The anus
   Anus
   The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
   
   
5. The genitals

Tanmatras - 5

The archetype

Archetype

An archetype is a universally understood symbol or term or pattern of behavior, a prototype upon which others are copied, patterned, or emulated...

s or subtle rudiments of elementary matter, the five elements being resolved into the rudimentary elements of the five senses.

1. The light
   Light
   Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light has wavelength in a range from about 380 nanometres to about 740 nm, with a frequency range of about 405 THz to 790 THz...
   
   
2. The sound
   Sound
   Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a level sufficiently strong to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations.-Propagation of...
   
   
3. The taste
   Taste
   Taste is one of the traditional five senses. It refers to the ability to detect the flavor of substances such as food, certain minerals, and poisons, etc....
   
   
4. The smell
   Odor
   An odor or odour is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds, generally at a very low concentration, that humans or other animals perceive by the sense of olfaction. Odors are also commonly called scents, which can refer to both pleasant and unpleasant odors...
   
   
5. The consciousness
   Consciousness
   Consciousness is a term that refers to the relationship between the mind and the world with which it interacts. It has been defined as: subjectivity, awareness, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind...
   
   

Antahkarana - 4

The intellectual powers

1. Mana
   Mana
   Mana is an indigenous Pacific islander concept of an impersonal force or quality that resides in people, animals, and inanimate objects. The word is a cognate in many Oceanic languages, including Melanesian, Polynesian, and Micronesian....
   
   – the organ of thought
   Thought
   "Thought" generally refers to any mental or intellectual activity involving an individual's subjective consciousness. It can refer either to the act of thinking or the resulting ideas or arrangements of ideas. Similar concepts include cognition, sentience, consciousness, and imagination...
   
   
2. Buddhi – the organ of understanding
   Understanding
   Understanding is a psychological process related to an abstract or physical object, such as a person, situation, or message whereby one is able to think about it and use concepts to deal adequately with that object....
   
   .
3. Aham – the power of mind which leads to the accomplishment of objectives, and eventually toward identifications and attachments.
4. Chitta – the organ where Sanskaras are stored, and from where all the vikaras of mind originate.

Naadi - 10

The ten nerve

Nerve

A peripheral nerve, or simply nerve, is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons . A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of the axons. Nerves are found only in the peripheral nervous system...

s:

1. Suzhi munai – the nerve passing through six ataras
2. Idakalai – the nerve beginning from the great toe of the right foot and passing up to the left nostril.
3. Pinkalai - the nerve beginning from the great toe of the left foot and passing up to the right nostril.
4. Kanthari – the nerve beginning at the navel and passing to the neck, where it assumes a sevenfold form, being the source of the seven musical tones of the human voice.
5. Atthi
6. Siguvai – situated in the region of the eyes forming ten branches, as optical nerves.
7. Alambudai
8. Purudan – in the region of the ears forming 120 branches or auditory nerves
9. Guru – beginning at the naval and reaching to the verenda.
10. Sangini – situated in the verenda.

Aatara - 6

There are six Atara

Chakra

Chakra is a concept originating in Hindu texts, featured in tantric and yogic traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Its name derives from the Sanskrit word for "wheel" or "turning" .Chakra is a concept referring to wheel-like vortices...

s

1. Moolathara
2. Swadhistana
3. Manippooraha
4. Anathaha
5. Visutthi
6. Aangna

Dhatus - 7

The seven constituents of the body:

1. The Serum
   Blood plasma
   Blood plasma is the straw-colored liquid component of blood in which the blood cells in whole blood are normally suspended. It makes up about 55% of the total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid...
   
   
2. The Blood
   Blood
   Blood is a specialized bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells....
   
   
3. The Semen
   Semen
   Semen is an organic fluid, also known as seminal fluid, that may contain spermatozoa. It is secreted by the gonads and other sexual organs of male or hermaphroditic animals and can fertilize female ova...
   
   
4. The Brain marrow
5. The Flesh
   Flesh
   In vertebrate animals, flesh is the colloquial for biological tissue which consists of skeletal muscles and fat as opposed to bones, viscera and integuments. Flesh may be used as food, in which case it is called meat....
   
   
6. The Bone
   Bone
   Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue...
   
   
7. The Skin
   Skin
   -Dermis:The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbors many Mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and heat...
   
   

Vayu - 10

The ten vital airs of the body

1. Praanan – situated in the heart
2. Abaanan - situated in the top of the head and passing downwards
3. Samaanan - situated in the pit of the throat
4. Vyaanan – pervading the whole body
5. Uthaanan - situated in the navel
6. Naahan – which effects the motions and speech
7. Koorman – causing horripilation
8. Kiriharan - seated in the face
9. Devadatthan – that which is exhaled in yawning
10. Dhananjeyan – that which remains in the body after the death and escapes by splitting the head.

Kosa - 5

There are five Kosa

1. Annamaya - The food body
2. Manomaya - The body composed of mind
3. Pranamaya - The force vitalizes and holds together the body and the mind
4. Vijnanamaya - The body composed of intellect
5. Anandamaya - The body composed of bliss

Navadwaram - 9

The apertures to the body

1. Two eyes
2. Two ears
   EARS
   EARS may refer to:* Electoral software* Electronic Arts, Redwood Shores campus.* Emirates Amateur Radio Society...
   
   
3. Two nostrils
4. The mouth
   Mouth
   The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
   
   
5. The anus
   Anus
   The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest,...
   
   
6. Urinary orifice

Vikara - 8

(Kama, Krodh, Lobha, Moha and mada are the original Vikaras mentioned in Gita)

The eight vice

Vice

Vice is a practice or a behavior or habit considered immoral, depraved, or degrading in the associated society. In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a defect, an infirmity, or merely a bad habit. Synonyms for vice include fault, depravity, sin, iniquity, wickedness, and corruption...

s

1. Lust
   Lust
   Lust is an emotional force that is directly associated with the thinking or fantasizing about one's desire, usually in a sexual way.-Etymology:The word lust is phonetically similar to the ancient Roman lustrum, which literally meant "purification"...
   
   
2. Penuriousness
3. Wrath
4. Fierce
   Fierce
   Fierce was a three-piece, all girl R&B group from the United Kingdom. They were signed to Colin Lester's and Ian McAndrew's Wildstar Records, and scored four hit singles on the UK Singles Chart in 1999 and 2000...
   
   , ungovernable lust
5. Recklessness
   Recklessness (psychology)
   Recklessness is disregard for or indifference to the dangers of a situation or for the consequences of one's actions....
   
   
6. Ostentation
7. Arrogance
   Arrogance
   Arrogance or arrogant may refer to:*Overbearing*Hubris...
   
   
8. Envy
   Envy
   Envy is best defined as a resentful emotion that "occurs when a person lacks another's superior quality, achievement, or possession and either desires it or wishes that the other lacked it."...
   
   

Mandala - 3

The three regions of the human body

Human body

The human body is the entire structure of a human organism, and consists of a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs.By the time the human reaches adulthood, the body consists of close to 100 trillion cells, the basic unit of life...

1. Agni mandala – that of fire in lower abdomen
2. Aadittha mandala – of the sun in the stomach
3. Chandra mandala – of the moon in the head and soulders

Pini - 3

The three kinds of temperaments

1. Flatulency – inducing melancholy.
2. Bile
   Bile
   Bile or gall is a bitter-tasting, dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum...
   
   – bilious distempers.
3. Phlegm
   Phlegm
   Phlegm is a liquid secreted by the mucous membranes of mammalians. Its definition is limited to the mucus produced by the respiratory system, excluding that from the nasal passages, and particularly that which is expelled by coughing . Phlegm is in essence a water-based gel consisting of...
   
   – a phlegmatic temper.

Gunas - 3

The three attributes. (The 3 original Powers causing the creation)

1. Sattva guna(Gnan Shakti)
2. Rajas guna (Kriya Shakti)
3. Tamo guna (power of ignorance and obstruction causing darkness)

Mala - 3

The three evil passions inherent in the soul

1. Pride
   Pride
   Pride is an inwardly directed emotion that carries two common meanings. With a negative connotation, pride refers to an inflated sense of one's personal status or accomplishments, often used synonymously with hubris...
   
   
2. Moral actions
3. Maya
   Maya (illusion)
   Maya , in Indian religions, has multiple meanings, usually quoted as "illusion", centered on the fact that we do not experience the environment itself but rather a projection of it, created by us. Maya is the principal deity that manifests, perpetuates and governs the illusion and dream of duality...
   
   

Avastha - 5

That which shows the place of soul in the body

1. Sakkiram – Vigilance or the soul in the forehead with all its powers awake and in full force.
2. Soppanam – dreaming or the soul situated in the neck and its powers suspended or reduced as in dreaming.
3. Suzhutthi – entire insensibility, the soul situated in the breast and its powers still reduced as in deep sleep, fainting etc.
4. Thuriyam – the soul sunk to the naval, (abstraction of mind).
5. Thuriyatheetham – the soul having sunk into the moolatharam and about to depart.

External links

• Tatwas in Siddha system of medicine