Sulkowski
Encyclopedia
The Sułkowski family is a Polish family of nobility
and gentry
consisting of famous members and having owned palaces in Rydzyna
and Bielsko
.
. Of the family manor house, only a single gatepost remains. Close by there is a wooden church built in 1644. The earliest records are from the 16th century. For the first four generations only the oldest son has been recorded.
According to some sources, Elżbieta Szalewska had a liaison with Augustus II the Strong
and bore him an illegitimate son. Her husband, Stanisław Sułkowski, gave this child, Aleksander Józef Sułkowski, his last name. On March 18, 1754, he gained from Queen Maria Theresa of Austria
the title of Reichsfürst, along with the right of primogeniture
. Additionally, in the same year, the right of the princely title was granted to every descending member of the Sułkowski family.
In 1752, the State Country
(Status Maiores) of Bielsko was purchased by Aleksander Józef. In that same year, the State Country was changed to the status of a lower principality
(Fürstentum). On November 2, 1754, Bohemian Queen Maria Theresa of Austria created the Principality of Bielsko (Herzogtum Bielitz). The next owners of the Principality of Bielsko had the right to the title of Herzog (Duke), during which time the remaining members of the family counted themselves amongst the lesser noble status of Fürst
(Prince).
Aleksander Józef was the progenitor of the Bielsko
line and the first of the Bielsko ordynats. Antoni, who established the Sułkowski Ordynat, was the progenitor of the "Wielkopolska", or Rydzyna, line of the Sułkowski family. The Rydzyna line became extinct in 1909 along with the death of the sixth and last Ordynat of Rydzyna, Antoni Stanisław. His two sons having produced no heirs, according to the rules of the ordynat, his fortune of over 10,000 hectares
of land went into the possession of the Prussian government.
August Kazimierz's second youngest brother, Franciszek, did not join the Sułkowski Ordynat and obtained for himself an inheritance, to which entered the Bielsko castle and its fortune. The Bielsko ordynat was inherited by his son Aleksander, and after him, Jan. After Jan, the ordynat passed into the hands of his son Ludwik Jan Nepomucen, and next it was inherited by his son Jozef Maria Ludwik. Aleksander Ludwik was the last Ordynat of Bielsko. The descendants of this line have continued to the present day in America, Austria, and Germany.
Ordynat (also known as the Sułkowski Ordynat), thus causing the younger Rydzyna line to separate from the older Bielsko line created by his father. His inheritances were placed into this ordynat. The Ordynat fortune was willed to the Komisja Edukacjna Narodowa in the moment of the death of the last male heir of the family. The Ordynat was to then take the name of Fundacja Ksiazat Sułkowskich.
On January 16, 1783, the Sułkowski Ordynat gained the inheritances of his younger brother Aleksander Antoni, and half of his third youngest brother's, Antoni, fortunes. The Sułkowski Ordynat contained most of the town of Rydzyna along with its castle, several parcels of Leszno
, Kobylin
, and over 25 villages and small towns in that part of Wielkopolska
, as well as several parcels in Warsaw
and other parts of Poland.
Shortly after the last announcement of the Ordynat, two of the oldest brothers, August Kazimierz and Aleksander Antoni, died in 1786, both heirless. The Ordynat was thus taken up by Antoni. The debts incurred by the two brothers and by the Ordynat itself caused him great problems. He appealed to the Sejm and in 1791 was allowed to sell the possessions in Kobylin, Zduny
, and Wijewo
for over 3 million zloty
. The occupation of the country by the Prussian and Russian armies in 1792 and, ultimately, the partitions of Poland increased the financial problems. In January of 1796, Antoni died, leaving all complications to his widow and only child, his 11-year-old son, Antoni Paweł.
Baron Lestwitz, from the close-by fortune of Czyrniny, helped Antoni's widow in the administration of the large debts passed to her from her husband. In September 1798, the courts passed the verdict of liquidation of personal property
, not including real property
. In November and December of that year, in Leszno, furniture, libraries, and items from the Rydzyna Castle were sold. The Prussian government stated that the properties within the Ordynat did not fall under the creditors pretensions.
During this time, the Napoleonic wars had come. At the age of 22, Antoni Paweł entered the Napoleonic army and took part in battles in Spain
and the invasion of Russia
. After the death of Józef Poniatowski, for a short of amount of time, he took command over the Polish Corps. He returned to Rydzyna in 1815 and took on the responsibility of the Ordynat. Due to lack of funds, the orangery
and other buildings were liquidated. Afterward, the financial status improved somewhat and Antoni Paweł changed the layout of the Rydzyna Castle park from the French
to the English Style
.
In April 1836, Antoni Paweł died. The care of his 16-year-old son August Antoni went to Luwigsdorf-Frankenberg, Chief Justice of Poznan
. He adequately took care of Ordynat business. However, when August Antoni became an adult and married Maria Mycielska in 1843, the situation worsened again on account of the couple's extravagant style in their social life. In addition, there was the Prussian agricultural reform. In 14 village gminas
belonged to the Ordynat, around 2500 hectares of land was divided amongst peasants.
After the death of August Antoni in November of 1882, the Ordynat passed to his son, Antoni Stanisław, who was by then 38-years-old. With his first wife, Countess Maria Emma Gislana de Sanchez d'Alcantara, he had two sons - Aleksander and Franciszek. Both sons died heirless while Antoni Stanisław was alive.
Therefore, after the death of the last ordynat, Antoni Stanisław on June 15, 1909, according to Article III, the property of the Sułkowski Ordynat was to be given to the use of the Komisja Edukacjna Narodowa under the name of Fundacja Kziazat Sułkowskich. Antoni Stanisław believed that this article was not valid, since the Komisja no longer existed. Before his death, in 1905, he signed in Berlin
an inheritance agreement recognizing his cousins Henryk Potocki and Antoni Wodzicki as universal inheritors of his property. The Prussian government, however, believed that the Pruskie Kolegium Szkolne were the legal substitute of the Komisja, and the courts in Poznan agreed.
Following this, in September 1909, the Pruskie Kolegium Szkolne was written into the perpetual usufruct
books at Rydzyna as the new owners of the Fundacja. The Fundacja had at that time a little over 7643 hectares.
- 21 May 1762 in Leszno
) was a favorite companion of August III the Saxon, son of August II, and his Minister of State
in Saxony
from 1733 to 1738. He was created a Count
of the Holy Roman Empire
in 1733, and elevated to the rank of Prince by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria in 1752. He married Baroness Maria Francis Stein zu Jettingen (1712-1741) in October of 1728. They had a total of eight children, with four sons and three daughters.
Since Antoni Stanisław's two sons predeceased him with no children, upon his death in 1909, the Rydzyna line of Princes Sulkowski ended.
Descendants from this line are known to be living in Austria, Germany, Hungary and North America.
Descendants from this line have presumably continued until the present day.
Tadeusz Sułkowski - Poet; b. 15.10.1907 in Skierniewice, Poland; d. 26.07.1960 in London.
Father: Tadeusz, mother Florentyna Konarska. Studied Polish literature at Warsaw University. In September 1939 wounded in the battle of river Bzura, taken prisoner of war. Was in Oflag Murnau. After war ended reached the Polish Second Corps in Italy. Demobilized in London, he was manager of the home for Polish artists on Finchley Road, where he lived until his death. Many of his poems were printed in Polish magazines in England. A volume of his poetry was published in Poland in 1980.
Nobility
Nobility is a social class which possesses more acknowledged privileges or eminence than members of most other classes in a society, membership therein typically being hereditary. The privileges associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles, or may be...
and gentry
Gentry
Gentry denotes "well-born and well-bred people" of high social class, especially in the past....
consisting of famous members and having owned palaces in Rydzyna
Rydzyna
Rydzyna is a Polish town that was the seat of king Stanisław Leszczyński during Leszczyński's first short reign from 1704-1709. Rydzyna is known as "the pearl of the Polish baroque"....
and Bielsko
Bielsko
Bielsko was until 1950 an independent town situated in Cieszyn Silesia, Poland. In 1951 it was joined with Biała Krakowska to form the new town of Bielsko-Biała. Bielsko constitutes the western part of that town....
.
History
The origins of the Sułkowski family are relatively obscure. The Sułkowski family originally lived in a village known as Sułków, now known as Sułkowo Borowe, in the Mława district 100 kilometres (62.1 mi) north of WarsawWarsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
. Of the family manor house, only a single gatepost remains. Close by there is a wooden church built in 1644. The earliest records are from the 16th century. For the first four generations only the oldest son has been recorded.
- Pawel of Sułków married Franciszka Maciejowska.
- Jan of Sułków married Katarzyna Dluska.
- Sebastian of Sułków married Barbara Razyminska.
- Stanislaw Sułkowski (b. mid 17th century) married Ełzbieta Szalewska (either in 1694 or 1695).
Augustus II the Strong
Frederick Augustus I or Augustus II the Strong was Elector of Saxony and King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania ....
and bore him an illegitimate son. Her husband, Stanisław Sułkowski, gave this child, Aleksander Józef Sułkowski, his last name. On March 18, 1754, he gained from Queen Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma...
the title of Reichsfürst, along with the right of primogeniture
Primogeniture
Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings . Historically, the term implied male primogeniture, to the exclusion of females...
. Additionally, in the same year, the right of the princely title was granted to every descending member of the Sułkowski family.
In 1752, the State Country
State country
State country was a unit of administrative and territorial division in the Bohemian crown lands of Silesia and Upper Lusatia, existing from 15th to 18th centuries. These estates were exempt from feudal tenure by privilege of the Bohemian kings...
(Status Maiores) of Bielsko was purchased by Aleksander Józef. In that same year, the State Country was changed to the status of a lower principality
Principality
A principality is a monarchical feudatory or sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of prince or princess, or by a monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince....
(Fürstentum). On November 2, 1754, Bohemian Queen Maria Theresa of Austria created the Principality of Bielsko (Herzogtum Bielitz). The next owners of the Principality of Bielsko had the right to the title of Herzog (Duke), during which time the remaining members of the family counted themselves amongst the lesser noble status of Fürst
Fürst
Fürst is a German title of nobility, usually translated into English as Prince.The term refers to the head of a principality and is distinguished from the son of a monarch, who is referred to as Prinz...
(Prince).
Aleksander Józef was the progenitor of the Bielsko
Bielsko
Bielsko was until 1950 an independent town situated in Cieszyn Silesia, Poland. In 1951 it was joined with Biała Krakowska to form the new town of Bielsko-Biała. Bielsko constitutes the western part of that town....
line and the first of the Bielsko ordynats. Antoni, who established the Sułkowski Ordynat, was the progenitor of the "Wielkopolska", or Rydzyna, line of the Sułkowski family. The Rydzyna line became extinct in 1909 along with the death of the sixth and last Ordynat of Rydzyna, Antoni Stanisław. His two sons having produced no heirs, according to the rules of the ordynat, his fortune of over 10,000 hectares
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
of land went into the possession of the Prussian government.
August Kazimierz's second youngest brother, Franciszek, did not join the Sułkowski Ordynat and obtained for himself an inheritance, to which entered the Bielsko castle and its fortune. The Bielsko ordynat was inherited by his son Aleksander, and after him, Jan. After Jan, the ordynat passed into the hands of his son Ludwik Jan Nepomucen, and next it was inherited by his son Jozef Maria Ludwik. Aleksander Ludwik was the last Ordynat of Bielsko. The descendants of this line have continued to the present day in America, Austria, and Germany.
Sułkowski Ordynat
On May 6, 1776, Aleksander Józef's oldest son, August Kazimierz, created the RydzynaRydzyna
Rydzyna is a Polish town that was the seat of king Stanisław Leszczyński during Leszczyński's first short reign from 1704-1709. Rydzyna is known as "the pearl of the Polish baroque"....
Ordynat (also known as the Sułkowski Ordynat), thus causing the younger Rydzyna line to separate from the older Bielsko line created by his father. His inheritances were placed into this ordynat. The Ordynat fortune was willed to the Komisja Edukacjna Narodowa in the moment of the death of the last male heir of the family. The Ordynat was to then take the name of Fundacja Ksiazat Sułkowskich.
On January 16, 1783, the Sułkowski Ordynat gained the inheritances of his younger brother Aleksander Antoni, and half of his third youngest brother's, Antoni, fortunes. The Sułkowski Ordynat contained most of the town of Rydzyna along with its castle, several parcels of Leszno
Leszno
Leszno is a town in central Poland with 63,955 inhabitants . Situated in the southern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously the capital of the Leszno Voivodeship . The town has county status.-History:...
, Kobylin
Kobylin
Kobylin is a town in Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,018 inhabitants ....
, and over 25 villages and small towns in that part of Wielkopolska
Greater Poland
Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań.The boundaries of Greater Poland have varied somewhat throughout history...
, as well as several parcels in Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
and other parts of Poland.
Shortly after the last announcement of the Ordynat, two of the oldest brothers, August Kazimierz and Aleksander Antoni, died in 1786, both heirless. The Ordynat was thus taken up by Antoni. The debts incurred by the two brothers and by the Ordynat itself caused him great problems. He appealed to the Sejm and in 1791 was allowed to sell the possessions in Kobylin, Zduny
Zduny
Zduny is a town in Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,529 inhabitants .-External links:*...
, and Wijewo
Wijewo
Wijewo is a village in Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Wijewo. It lies approximately west of Leszno and south-west of the regional capital Poznań....
for over 3 million zloty
Polish zloty
The złoty , which literally means "golden", is the currency of Poland. The modern złoty is subdivided into 100 groszy . The recognized English form of the word is zloty, plural zloty or zlotys...
. The occupation of the country by the Prussian and Russian armies in 1792 and, ultimately, the partitions of Poland increased the financial problems. In January of 1796, Antoni died, leaving all complications to his widow and only child, his 11-year-old son, Antoni Paweł.
Personal property
Personal property, roughly speaking, is private property that is moveable, as opposed to real property or real estate. In the common law systems personal property may also be called chattels or personalty. In the civil law systems personal property is often called movable property or movables - any...
, not including real property
Real property
In English Common Law, real property, real estate, realty, or immovable property is any subset of land that has been legally defined and the improvements to it made by human efforts: any buildings, machinery, wells, dams, ponds, mines, canals, roads, various property rights, and so forth...
. In November and December of that year, in Leszno, furniture, libraries, and items from the Rydzyna Castle were sold. The Prussian government stated that the properties within the Ordynat did not fall under the creditors pretensions.
During this time, the Napoleonic wars had come. At the age of 22, Antoni Paweł entered the Napoleonic army and took part in battles in Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
and the invasion of Russia
French invasion of Russia
The French invasion of Russia of 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. It reduced the French and allied invasion forces to a tiny fraction of their initial strength and triggered a major shift in European politics as it dramatically weakened French hegemony in Europe...
. After the death of Józef Poniatowski, for a short of amount of time, he took command over the Polish Corps. He returned to Rydzyna in 1815 and took on the responsibility of the Ordynat. Due to lack of funds, the orangery
Orangery
An orangery was a building in the grounds of fashionable residences from the 17th to the 19th centuries and given a classicising architectural form. The orangery was similar to a greenhouse or conservatory...
and other buildings were liquidated. Afterward, the financial status improved somewhat and Antoni Paweł changed the layout of the Rydzyna Castle park from the French
Garden à la française
The French formal garden, also called jardin à la française, is a style of garden based on symmetry and the principle of imposing order over nature. It reached its apogee in the 17th century with the creation of the Gardens of Versailles, designed for Louis XIV by the landscape architect André Le...
to the English Style
English garden
The English garden, also called English landscape park , is a style of Landscape garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread across Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical Garden à la française of the 17th century as the principal gardening style of Europe. The...
.
In April 1836, Antoni Paweł died. The care of his 16-year-old son August Antoni went to Luwigsdorf-Frankenberg, Chief Justice of Poznan
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
. He adequately took care of Ordynat business. However, when August Antoni became an adult and married Maria Mycielska in 1843, the situation worsened again on account of the couple's extravagant style in their social life. In addition, there was the Prussian agricultural reform. In 14 village gminas
Gmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...
belonged to the Ordynat, around 2500 hectares of land was divided amongst peasants.
After the death of August Antoni in November of 1882, the Ordynat passed to his son, Antoni Stanisław, who was by then 38-years-old. With his first wife, Countess Maria Emma Gislana de Sanchez d'Alcantara, he had two sons - Aleksander and Franciszek. Both sons died heirless while Antoni Stanisław was alive.
Therefore, after the death of the last ordynat, Antoni Stanisław on June 15, 1909, according to Article III, the property of the Sułkowski Ordynat was to be given to the use of the Komisja Edukacjna Narodowa under the name of Fundacja Kziazat Sułkowskich. Antoni Stanisław believed that this article was not valid, since the Komisja no longer existed. Before his death, in 1905, he signed in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
an inheritance agreement recognizing his cousins Henryk Potocki and Antoni Wodzicki as universal inheritors of his property. The Prussian government, however, believed that the Pruskie Kolegium Szkolne were the legal substitute of the Komisja, and the courts in Poznan agreed.
Following this, in September 1909, the Pruskie Kolegium Szkolne was written into the perpetual usufruct
Perpetual usufruct
Perpetual usufruct is the English-language term often used by Polish lawyers to describe the Polish version of public ground lease. It is usually granted for 99 years, but never shorter than 40 years, and enables leasehold use of publicly-owned land, in most cases located in urban areas...
books at Rydzyna as the new owners of the Fundacja. The Fundacja had at that time a little over 7643 hectares.
Family residences
- Rydzyna CastleRydzyna CastleThe castle in Rydzyna was built at the beginning of 15th century by Jan of Czernina. At the end of the 17th century Italian architects Joseph Simon Bellotti and Pompeo Ferrari erected the present Baroque castle on its ancient foundations. The first owners of the castle were the Leszczyński family...
- Aleksander Józef purchased the Leszczynski estates of Rydzyna, LesznoLesznoLeszno is a town in central Poland with 63,955 inhabitants . Situated in the southern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously the capital of the Leszno Voivodeship . The town has county status.-History:...
, and neighboring areas in 1738. The castle was restored and expanded under his guide. Upon the death of Antoni Stanisław on June 15, 1909, the control of his possessions were taken by the Prussian government, which bequeathed it to the German Eastern Marches SocietyGerman Eastern Marches SocietyGerman Eastern Marches Society was a German radical, extremely nationalist xenophobic organization founded in 1894. Mainly among Poles, it was sometimes known acronymically as Hakata or H-K-T after its founders von Hansemann, Kennemann and von Tiedemann...
. - Sułkowski Castle in Bielsko-Biala - Aleksander Józef bought this castle in Cieszyn SilesiaCieszyn SilesiaCieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered around the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic...
and its surroundings in 1752 for 600,000 florins from Jan Sunnegh. The last Ordynat of Bielsko was Aleksander Ludwik, who moved to Austria in 1944 with everything from this residence. The castle was owned by the family until 1945.
Descendants of Aleksander Józef Sułkowski
Aleksander Józef Sułkowski (13 March 1695 in KrakówKraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
- 21 May 1762 in Leszno
Leszno
Leszno is a town in central Poland with 63,955 inhabitants . Situated in the southern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously the capital of the Leszno Voivodeship . The town has county status.-History:...
) was a favorite companion of August III the Saxon, son of August II, and his Minister of State
Minister of State
Minister of State is a title borne by politicians or officials in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a "minister of state" is a junior minister, who is assigned to assist a specific cabinet minister...
in Saxony
Saxony
The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
from 1733 to 1738. He was created a Count
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
in 1733, and elevated to the rank of Prince by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria in 1752. He married Baroness Maria Francis Stein zu Jettingen (1712-1741) in October of 1728. They had a total of eight children, with four sons and three daughters.
- August Kazimierz (15 November 1729 in DresdenDresdenDresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
- 7 January 1786 in LesznoLesznoLeszno is a town in central Poland with 63,955 inhabitants . Situated in the southern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously the capital of the Leszno Voivodeship . The town has county status.-History:...
). Royal Chamberlain, general of the royal army, commanderCommanderCommander is a naval rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. Commander is also used as a rank or title in some organizations outside of the armed forces, particularly in police and law enforcement.-Commander as a naval...
of the Rydzyna infantry regiment, Marshal of the Sejm (Polish parliament) 1775-1776. He completed his father's work of expanding the Rydzyna CastleRydzyna CastleThe castle in Rydzyna was built at the beginning of 15th century by Jan of Czernina. At the end of the 17th century Italian architects Joseph Simon Bellotti and Pompeo Ferrari erected the present Baroque castle on its ancient foundations. The first owners of the castle were the Leszczyński family...
and created the Sulkowski Foundation. He married Louise Mniszech in 1766 but had no children. - Alexander Antoni (15 October 1730 - 21 September 1786). General of the royal army 1785. He married Eleanor Cetner in 1755 but had no children.
- Franciszek - Founder of the Bielsko line.
- Antoni - Founder of the Rydzyna line.
- Marianna (1728-1749)(m.1747) Franciszek Jakub Szembek
- Joanna (1736-1800)(m.1750) Prince Peter Sapieha. No children.
- Josepha Petronela (1737-1756)(m.1753) Prince Ignacy Potocki. Two children - Marianna and Alexander Potocki.
The Rydzyna princes
- Antoni Sułkowski (11 June 1734 - 16 April 1796 in Rydzyna); colonelColonelColonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
of the royal army 1757, general 1762, commanderCommanderCommander is a naval rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. Commander is also used as a rank or title in some organizations outside of the armed forces, particularly in police and law enforcement.-Commander as a naval...
of the Rydzyna infantry regiment 1786, chancellorChancellorChancellor is the title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the Cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers who sat at the cancelli or lattice work screens of a basilica or law court, which separated the judge and counsel from the...
of the kingdom 1793. He became the head of the Sulkowski Foundation upon the childless death of both his older brothers. He married Countess Marianna Dzialynska 1766, divorced her 1781. Then he married Countess Caroline Bubna Littitz 1784 and had one son.- Antoni Paweł Sułkowski (31 December 1785 in Leszno - 13 April 1836 in Rydzyna) b. 31.12.1785 - Leszno, d. 13.04.1836 - Rydzyna. He was colonelColonelColonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
of infantry of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807, brigade generalBrigade GeneralBrigade General is a rank used in many armies to denote the lowest rank of general, corresponding to command of a brigade. The rank is mostly used in countries where it is used as a modern alternative to a previous older rank of Brigadier or Brigadier General...
1810, division general 1813. He Married Ewa Kicka (1786-1824) 14.01.1898 in Warsaw. They had 5 children:- Taida Caroline (1811-1839)(m.) Count Henry Wodzicki and had one son.
- Helen Caroline (1812-1900)(m.1833) Count Henry Potocki and had 4 sons and 2 daughters.
- Ewa Caroline (1814-)(m.1838) Count Wladyslaw Potocki and had 2 daughters.
- Teresa Caroline (1815-1889)(m.1840) Count Henry Wodzicki in 1840 and had 3 sons and 2 daughters.
- August Antoni (13 December 1820 - 19..) married Maria Mycielska (1822-19..) 23.01.1843. They had one son.
- Antoni Stanisław Sułkowski (6 February 1844 in Rydzyna - 15 June 1909 in MunichMunichMunich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
). He married Countess Maria Emma Gislana de Sanchez d'Alcantara (1852-1877) in BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
03.09.1872. They had two sons. He married again - Josephine Schhmidt in Breslau (modern WroclawWroclawWrocław , situated on the River Oder , is the main city of southwestern Poland.Wrocław was the historical capital of Silesia and is today the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Over the centuries, the city has been part of either Poland, Bohemia, Austria, Prussia, or Germany, but since 1945...
) in 1898, but they had no children.- Alexander (1873 in Rydzyna - 1905 in San Remo). He married twice, but had no children.
- Franciszek (1874-1903), never married.
- Antoni Stanisław Sułkowski (6 February 1844 in Rydzyna - 15 June 1909 in Munich
- Antoni Paweł Sułkowski (31 December 1785 in Leszno - 13 April 1836 in Rydzyna) b. 31.12.1785 - Leszno, d. 13.04.1836 - Rydzyna. He was colonel
Since Antoni Stanisław's two sons predeceased him with no children, upon his death in 1909, the Rydzyna line of Princes Sulkowski ended.
The Bielsko princes
- Franciszek Sułkowski (29 January 1733 - 22 April 1812); lieutenant-generalLieutenant GeneralLieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
of the Polish infantry, later general in the Russian army, Austrian chamberlain, inherited the Bielsko principality. He married Marianna Strzemeska in 1759, but she died in 1770 without children. He then married Judyta Maria Montbelli de Biciard (a Warsaw actress) in 1776. They had three children:- Alexander Joseph (1776 in Warsaw - 1804). He became a majorMajorMajor is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...
in the Austrian army but did not marry. - Julia Francis (1776 in Warsaw - 1836).
- Jan Nepomucen Sułkowski (23 June 1777 in Warsaw - 9 November 1832 in Teresin) married Baroness Louise Larisch (1786 - 3 March 1848) in 1806 in the Slupna castle at Myslowice, SilesiaSilesiaSilesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
. They had one surviving child.- Ludwik Jan Alfred Sułkowski (m.1st.) Maria Harry, died in childbirth, the child did not survive (m.2nd.1845) Maria Elisabeth von Dietrich (1823-1853). They had one son. (m.3rd.03.06.1853) Maria Antonina Gemperle (1832-1875) in Albany, New YorkAlbany, New YorkAlbany is the capital city of the U.S. state of New York, the seat of Albany County, and the central city of New York's Capital District. Roughly north of New York City, Albany sits on the west bank of the Hudson River, about south of its confluence with the Mohawk River...
. They had 9 children:- Joseph Maria (2 February 1848). He was married twice but only had one daughter, who in turn had no children.
- Taida (14 December 1853 in New BremenNew BremenNew Bremen can refer to:*New Bremen, New York*New Bremen, Ohio...
, USA -) (m.1877) Baron Lotar Unterrichter de Rechtental in Bielsko. They had no children. - Adolf Jan (17 November 1855 in New Bremen - 26 December 1913 in Krakow) (m.) Charlotte Glass in Bielsko and they had two daughters.
- Anna (1858 in New Bremen -)
- Stanisław (5 June 1862 in Rohrschach, Switzerland - 18 January 1940 in Tresternitz, Germany)
- Gabriela (2 May 1866 in Bielsko -) (m.) Adolf Schmeising in Ebenfurth, Germany
- Wanda (8 January 1868 in Bielsko -) (m.) Raimund Fugger in ViennaViennaVienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
- Edgar (8 January 1868 in Bielsko - 6 September 1954 in GmundenGmundenGmunden is a town in Upper Austria, Austria in the district of Gmunden. It has 13,202 inhabitants . It is much frequented as a health and summer resort, and has a variety of goat, lake, brine, vegetable and pine-cone baths, a hydropathic establishment, inhalation chambers, whey cure, etc...
, Austria) - Wiktor (17 January 1870 in Bielsko - 23 September 1946 in HungaryHungaryHungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
) - Alexander Edmund Sułkowski (8 December 1856 in New Bremen - 2 September 1929 in Bielsko) (m.1890) Baroness Maria Moser von Ebreichsdorf (1872-1940). They had 6 children:
- Wanda (1892 in Achau, Austria - 1948 in Bozen) (m.1921) Otto Aufschnaiter
- Maria Theresa (1894 -)
- Maria Karolina (1895 -)
- Roman Edgar (1897 in Tannenmuhle - 1940 in Vienna)
- Maria Priska (1902 -)
- Alexander Ludwig Karl Sułkowski (15 February 1893 in Ebenfurth - 27 March 1956 in Leoben) (m.1st.1919) Countess Feodora Hardegg, divorced (?). They had one daughter. (m.2nd.1936) Anna Mallinger (1899 -) in Leoben. They had two children.
- Alexandra
- Maria Jadwiga (1938 in Vienna -)
- Alexander Józef Sułkowski (23 March 1940 in Vienna) (m.1st.1967) Liliana Szczygiel, later divorced (m.2nd.1973) Helena Rajewska.
- Ludwik Jan Alfred Sułkowski (m.1st.) Maria Harry, died in childbirth, the child did not survive (m.2nd.1845) Maria Elisabeth von Dietrich (1823-1853). They had one son. (m.3rd.03.06.1853) Maria Antonina Gemperle (1832-1875) in Albany, New York
- Alexander Joseph (1776 in Warsaw - 1804). He became a major
Descendants from this line are known to be living in Austria, Germany, Hungary and North America.
Descendants of Stanisław Sułkowski
Stanisław and his wife went on to have four other children, who formed the gentry branch of the Sułkowski family. This family line, although gentry, do not carry princely titles.- Antoni (c.1700 - c.1753)
- Michael (c.1700 - 1747) He became a general in the army of Saxony, colonelColonelColonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
. He never married. - Stanisław (- 1749) He became a priestPriestA priest is a person authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities...
in Warsaw. - Elizabeth (m.1st) Jakub Luba (m.2nd) Kazimierz Nowosielski
- Antoni Sułkowski became a colonel in the army of Saxony. He married Rozalia Rauz. They had five children:
- Stefan, was an army captain in 1740, Lieutenant ColonelLieutenant colonelLieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...
in 1773. He married Miss Gramlich about 1742. They had no children. - Kazimierz (1729 - 1805) (m.1780) Ludwika Przyjemska. Became Lieutenant ColonelLieutenant colonelLieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...
of the Polish army 1757, colonelColonelColonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
1770, general 1780. No record of children. - Ignacy (c.1731 - 1795) (m.1st.1764) Ceclie Schiefert (m.2nd.1790) Josephine de Fernemont. He became General of the Polish army 1777. No record of children.
- Helena (m.) Walenty Zbijewski - no record of children.
- Teodor Sułkowski (1728 - 1792) (m.c.1772) Julia Quelisk. Colonel of army 1777
- Joseph Sułkowski (17 January 1773 - 22 October 1798). He took part in the Polish-Russian War of 1792Polish-Russian War of 1792The Polish–Russian War of 1792 or War in Defence of the Constitution was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation and the Russian Empire on the other....
and was one of the first recipients of the newly created order Virtuti MilitariVirtuti MilitariThe Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war...
. He became a captain in Napoleon Bonaparte's army, fighting in Italy in 1796. He served as Bonaparte's aide-de-campAide-de-campAn aide-de-camp is a personal assistant, secretary, or adjutant to a person of high rank, usually a senior military officer or a head of state...
, being knocked out while at his side at the Battle of Arcole. He participated in the Egyptian campaign and was wounded at the Battle of the Pyramids. He was killed near Cairo in a skirmish with insurgents. His name is inscribed on the Arc de TriompheArc de Triomphe-The design:The astylar design is by Jean Chalgrin , in the Neoclassical version of ancient Roman architecture . Major academic sculptors of France are represented in the sculpture of the Arc de Triomphe: Jean-Pierre Cortot; François Rude; Antoine Étex; James Pradier and Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire...
in Paris. He never married.
- Joseph Sułkowski (17 January 1773 - 22 October 1798). He took part in the Polish-Russian War of 1792
- Stefan, was an army captain in 1740, Lieutenant Colonel
Descendants from this line have presumably continued until the present day.
Tadeusz Sułkowski - Poet; b. 15.10.1907 in Skierniewice, Poland; d. 26.07.1960 in London.
Father: Tadeusz, mother Florentyna Konarska. Studied Polish literature at Warsaw University. In September 1939 wounded in the battle of river Bzura, taken prisoner of war. Was in Oflag Murnau. After war ended reached the Polish Second Corps in Italy. Demobilized in London, he was manager of the home for Polish artists on Finchley Road, where he lived until his death. Many of his poems were printed in Polish magazines in England. A volume of his poetry was published in Poland in 1980.
See also
- The Princely Houses of PolandThe Princely Houses of PolandThe Princely Houses of Poland differed from other princely houses in Europe. Most importantly, Polish nobility could not be granted nobility titles by the Polish kings in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth...
- Bielsko-Biala Museum
- 10th Regiment of Foot (Poland)