Sant'Eustachio
Encyclopedia
Saint Eustace
Saint Eustace, also known as Eustachius or Eustathius, was a legendary Christian martyr who lived in the 2nd century AD. A martyr of that name is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, which, however, judges that the legend recounted about him is "completely fabulous." For that reason...
.
History
The church was founded in the 8th century, or possibly even earlier . The church was recorded as a diaconia (a centre for helping the poor and the sick) at the end of the pontificate of Pope Gregory IIPope Gregory II
Pope Saint Gregory II was pope from May 19, 715 to his death on February 11, 731, succeeding Pope Constantine. Having, it is said, bought off the Lombards for thirty pounds of gold, Charles Martel having refused his call for aid, he used the tranquillity thus obtained for vigorous missionary...
(715-731). It is mentioned in some documents dating from the 10th and 11th centuries, where this church is called in platana (between the plane trees) referring to the tree planted in the garden of the martyr Eustace. The emperor Constantine I
Constantine I
Constantine the Great , also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Well known for being the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, Constantine and co-Emperor Licinius issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance of all...
had previously built an oratory
Oratory
Oratory is a type of public speaking.Oratory may also refer to:* Oratory , a power metal band* Oratory , a place of worship* a religious order such as** Oratory of Saint Philip Neri ** Oratory of Jesus...
on this same spot. This church was called "ad Pantheon in regione nona e iuxta templum Agrippae" (at the Pantheon in the ninth region and next to the temple of Agrippa").
The church was restored (including the addition of a new campanile
Campanile
Campanile is an Italian word meaning "bell tower" . The term applies to bell towers which are either part of a larger building or free-standing, although in American English, the latter meaning has become prevalent.The most famous campanile is probably the Leaning Tower of Pisa...
). at the end of the 12th century during the pontificate of Pope Celestine III
Pope Celestine III
Pope Celestine III , born Giacinto Bobone, was elected Pope on March 21, 1191, and reigned until his death. He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome, though he was only a cardinal deacon before becoming Pope...
(1191–1198), who also deposited the relics of the martyr in the church. In the 16th century, it was a favoured praying-place for St Philip Neri
Philip Neri
Saint Philip Romolo Neri , also known as Apostle of Rome, was an Italian priest, noted for founding a society of secular priests called the "Congregation of the Oratory".-Early life:...
. In the 17th and 18th centuries it was almost completely rebuilt (with only the campanile remaining from the old structure) by several architects : Cesare Corvara and Giovanni Battista Contini (1641–1723), who added chapels and the portico
Portico
A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls...
, Antonio Canevari (1681–1750), Nicola Salvi (1697–1751) and finally, from 1728, Giovanni Domenico Navone. The new high altar, in bronze and polychrome
Polychrome
Polychrome is one of the terms used to describe the use of multiple colors in one entity. It has also been defined as "The practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors." Polychromatic light is composed of a number of different wavelengths...
marble, was added by Nicola Salvi
Nicola Salvi
Nicola Salvi or Niccolò Salvi was an Italian architect most famous for the Trevi Fountain in Rome, where he was born and died. His work is in the late Roman Baroque style. In addition to the Trevi Fountain, Salvi did minor works such as churches and the enlargement of the Odescalchi Palace with...
in 1739 and in 1749 Ferdinando Fuga
Ferdinando Fuga
Ferdinando Fuga was an Italian architect, whose main works were realized in Rome and Naples in the Baroque style.-Biography:Born in Florence, he began to work in that city as a pupil of Giovanni Battista Foggini. In 1717 he moved to Rome, to continue his apprentice studies...
put a baldachin
Baldachin
A baldachin, or baldaquin , is a canopy of state over an altar or throne. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent architectural feature, particularly over high altars in cathedrals, where such a structure is more correctly called a ciborium when it is...
over it. The choir and the sacristy were realized by Giovanni Moscati (but designed by Canevari). The church was designed in Roman Baroque
Italian Baroque architecture
Italian Baroque architecture refers to baroque architecture in Italy:-Rome:The sacred architecture of the Baroque period had its beginnings in the Italian paradigm of the basilica with crossed dome and nave. One of the first Roman structures to break with the Mannerist conventions exemplified in...
style.
Facade
The facade was built under the direction of Cesare Corvara († 1703) with the collaboration of other architects. It consists of two sections, with the upper section standing back. The lower part is marked with four pilasterPilaster
A pilaster is a slightly-projecting column built into or applied to the face of a wall. Most commonly flattened or rectangular in form, pilasters can also take a half-round form or the shape of any type of column, including tortile....
s and two columns, all with Ionic
Ionic order
The Ionic order forms one of the three orders or organizational systems of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric and the Corinthian...
capitals
Capital (architecture)
In architecture the capital forms the topmost member of a column . It mediates between the column and the load thrusting down upon it, broadening the area of the column's supporting surface...
with in the middle of each capital a small head of a deer. The spirals of the volute
Volute
A volute is a spiral scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column. It was later incorporated into Corinthian order and Composite column capitals...
s are connected by a small laurel wreath
Laurel wreath
A laurel wreath is a circular wreath made of interlocking branches and leaves of the bay laurel , an aromatic broadleaf evergreen. In Greek mythology, Apollo is represented wearing a laurel wreath on his head...
. On the right side of the facade a plaque was placed in memory of the flood of the Tiber River in 1495, whose waters reached up to the basilica.
The top section is divided by four pilasters with on each side a large volute. In the middle is a large window with an arcuated cornice, flanked on each side by a niche adorned with shells. On top is a triangular pediment
Pediment
A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure , typically supported by columns. The gable end of the pediment is surrounded by the cornice moulding...
with in its middle a circular window
Oculus
An Oculus, circular window, or rain-hole is a feature of Classical architecture since the 16th century. They are often denoted by their French name, oeil de boeuf, or "bull's-eye". Such circular or oval windows express the presence of a mezzanine on a building's façade without competing for...
surrounded with palm branches and surmounted by a crown. On top of the pediment stands a deer head with a cross between the antlers (done by the sculptor Paolo Morelli († 1719), in reference to the legend of Saint Eustace.
An iron gate, made by Gian Battista Contini, closes off the porch.
The square Romanesque
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...
campanile
Campanile
Campanile is an Italian word meaning "bell tower" . The term applies to bell towers which are either part of a larger building or free-standing, although in American English, the latter meaning has become prevalent.The most famous campanile is probably the Leaning Tower of Pisa...
is situated on the back of the church at its left side. Construction was started in 1196 under the pontificate of Pope Celestine III. The top part can be dated back to the end of the 12th century, while the base is somewhat older and can be dated at ca. 1090.
Interior
The interior has a cruciform architectural planCathedral diagram
In Western ecclesiastical architecture, a cathedral diagram is a floor plan showing the sections of walls and piers, giving an idea of the profiles of their columns and ribbing. Light double lines in perimeter walls indicate glazed windows. Dashed lines show the ribs of the vaulting overhead...
and consists of a single nave
Nave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
. Its construction was carried out in mature Baroque style
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...
under the supervision of the architects Cesare Corvara and Antonio Canevari. The nave is marked on each side by three pilasters resting on a broad base. The pilasters are decked with fluted
Fluting (architecture)
Fluting in architecture refers to the shallow grooves running vertically along a surface.It typically refers to the grooves running on a column shaft or a pilaster, but need not necessarily be restricted to those two applications...
white marble and surmounted by composite capitals
Capital (architecture)
In architecture the capital forms the topmost member of a column . It mediates between the column and the load thrusting down upon it, broadening the area of the column's supporting surface...
.
The rib vault
Rib vault
The intersection of two or three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault construction...
is stuccoed with flowers and leaves. The crossing is covered with a dome with a representation of the Holy Spirit
Holy Spirit
Holy Spirit is a term introduced in English translations of the Hebrew Bible, but understood differently in the main Abrahamic religions.While the general concept of a "Spirit" that permeates the cosmos has been used in various religions Holy Spirit is a term introduced in English translations of...
in its middle.
The main altar was commissioned by Cardinal Nereo Corsini to the architect Nicola Salvi. He made it into an elegant and refined synthesis of marble and gilded metal. The top of the altar rests on an urn in porphyry
Porphyry (geology)
Porphyry is a variety of igneous rock consisting of large-grained crystals, such as feldspar or quartz, dispersed in a fine-grained feldspathic matrix or groundmass. The larger crystals are called phenocrysts...
rosso antico, the costly stone of the ancients, that contains the relics of Saint Eustace. The altarpiece was painted in 1727 by Francesco Ferdinandi (1679–1740), also named "l'Imperiali". It represents the martyrdom of Saint Eustace and his family who were roasted to death inside a bronze statue of a bull or an ox, in the year AD 118. The gilded wooden baldachin
Baldachin
A baldachin, or baldaquin , is a canopy of state over an altar or throne. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent architectural feature, particularly over high altars in cathedrals, where such a structure is more correctly called a ciborium when it is...
(circa 1746) over the main altar is attributed to Ferdinando Fuga (1699–1781).
The rear of the church is almost completely covered with the organ, made by Johann Conrad Werle in 1767. The gilded balustrade and the wooden front of the organ were executed in Rococo
Rococo
Rococo , also referred to as "Late Baroque", is an 18th-century style which developed as Baroque artists gave up their symmetry and became increasingly ornate, florid, and playful...
style by Bernardino Mammucari, Francesco Michetti and Carlo Pacilli. Above the organ stands a glass window representing "the Penitent Magdalene
Penitent Magdalene
Penitent Magdalene or Penitent Magdalen may refer to:*Mary MagdaleneA number of art works on this theme, including:*Penitent Magdalene , c. 1597 painting by Caravaggio*Penitent Magdalene , c. 1533 painting by Titian...
", realized in the last decade of the 19th century by Gabriel and Louis Gesta di Tolosa.
The pulpit
Pulpit
Pulpit is a speakers' stand in a church. In many Christian churches, there are two speakers' stands at the front of the church. Typically, the one on the left is called the pulpit...
was executed in polychrome marble and dates from 1937.
Right side
- The Chapel of the Holy FamilyHoly FamilyThe Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and Saint Joseph.The Feast of the Holy Family is a liturgical celebration in the Roman Catholic Church in honor of Jesus of Nazareth, his mother, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and his foster father, Saint Joseph, as a family...
dates from 1854. The altarpiece by Pietro Gagliardi (1809–1890) represent the Holy Family in Jerusalem. On the right wall is a white marble funeral monument with the bust of Luigi Greppi († 1673), an illustrious member of the Confraternity of the Holy Sacrament. On the left side of the altar stands a small statue of Saint Raymond NonnatusRaymond NonnatusSaint Raymond Nonnatus was a saint from Catalonia in Spain. His surname refers to his birth by Caesarean section...
, who, according to his hagiographyHagiographyHagiography is the study of saints.From the Greek and , it refers literally to writings on the subject of such holy people, and specifically to the biographies of saints and ecclesiastical leaders. The term hagiology, the study of hagiography, is also current in English, though less common...
, was nominated Cardinal-Deacon of Sant' Eustachio by pope Gregory IX in 1239, but died en route to Rome. - The Chapel of the AnnunciationAnnunciationThe Annunciation, also referred to as the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary or Annunciation of the Lord, is the Christian celebration of the announcement by the angel Gabriel to Virgin Mary, that she would conceive and become the mother of Jesus the Son of God. Gabriel told Mary to name her...
: its decoration was finished in 1874. Above the 17th century altar stand two columns of coralline brecciaBrecciaBreccia is a rock composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock cemented together by a fine-grained matrix, that can be either similar to or different from the composition of the fragments....
that support a broken pediment with a bass-relief in stucco representing the Virgin and Child. The altarpiece by Ottavio Lioni (1586–1630) represents the Annunciation. - The Chapel of the Sacred HeartSacred HeartThe Sacred Heart is one of the most famous religious devotions to Jesus' physical heart as the representation of His divine love for Humanity....
was restored between 1934 and 1937 by Corrado Mezzana (1890–1952), who also added the altarpiece representing the Sacred Heart of Jesus, on the left wall, the painting "The Last Supper" and on the right wall the painting "Christ on the Cross and Saint Longinus piercing his Heart". - The right transept contains the paintings made by Giacomo Zoboli (1682–1751) in 1737. On the left wall hangs the large painting of "Saint JeromeSaint JeromeSaint Jerome is a Christian church father, best known for translating the Bible into Latin.Saint Jerome may also refer to:*Jerome of Pavia , Bishop of Pavia...
" and in front "The meeting between the Holy Virgin and Elisabeth". The large wooden confessionalConfessionalA confessional is a small, enclosed booth used for the Sacrament of Penance, often called confession, or Reconciliation. It is the usual venue for the sacrament in the Roman Catholic Church, but similar structures are also used in Anglican churches of an Anglo-Catholic orientation, and also in the...
s were made by Corrado Mezzana.
Left side
- BaptisteryBaptisteryIn Christian architecture the baptistry or baptistery is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. The baptistry may be incorporated within the body of a church or cathedral and be provided with an altar as a chapel...
lies next to the entrance of the church. The glass window represents "The Baptism of Jesus". The baptismal font dates from the 16th century. - The Chapel of Saint Julian the Hospitaller was renovated from 1706. The altarpiece by Biagio Puccini (1675–1721) shows the saint curing a leper and welcoming an old pilgrim. The fresco on the ceiling represents "The Eternal Father"
- The Chapel of the Archangel Michael is the largest chapel of this church. It was finished between 1716 and 1719 by Alessandro Speroni. The altarpiece (1818) by Giovanni Bigatti is a dramatic rendering of the Archangel Michael triumphing over Satan. Next to the altar hang two paintings : "Saint Raymond NonnatusRaymond NonnatusSaint Raymond Nonnatus was a saint from Catalonia in Spain. His surname refers to his birth by Caesarean section...
" and Saint Frances of RomeFrances of RomeSaint Frances of Rome, Obl.S.B., is an Italian saint who was a wife, mother, mystic, organizer of charitable services and a Benedictine oblate who founded a religious community of vowed oblates.- Biography :...
. On the left wall is the funeral monument of Teresa Tognoli Canale (1807) and on the right wall the funeral monument by Lorenzo OttoniLorenzo OttoniLorenzo Ottoni was an Italian sculptor who was commissioned by the papacy and various noble houses of renaissance Italy.-Life:Ottoni was born in Rome in 1658 and spent the majority of his life in the city....
(1658–1736) of Silvio Cavalleri († 1717), private secretary to the popes Innocent XIIPope Innocent XIIPope Innocent XII , born Antonio Pignatelli, was Pope from 1691 to 1700.-Biography:He was born in Spinazzola to one of the most aristocratic families of the Kingdom of Naples, which included many Viceroys, and ministers to the crown, and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome.In his twentieth...
and Clement XIPope Clement XIPope Clement XI , born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death in 1721.-Early life:...
. - The Chapel of the Immaculate Heart of MaryImmaculate Heart of MaryThe Immaculate Heart of Mary originally The Sacred Heart of Mary is a devotional name used to refer to the interior life of Mary, her joys and sorrows, her virtues and hidden perfections, and, above all, her virginal love for God, her maternal love for her Son, Jesus, and her compassionate love for...
was renovated from 1771 on by the architect Melchiorre Passalacqua and around 1800 by the sculptor Agostino Penna. Next to the altar stand two marble columns in "verde antico"Verd antiqueVerd antique , or verde antique, is a serpentinite breccia popular since ancient times as a decorative facing stone. It is a dark, dull green, white-mottled serpentine, mixed with calcite, dolomite, or magnesite, which takes a high polish...
that support a tympanumTympanum (architecture)In architecture, a tympanum is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, bounded by a lintel and arch. It often contains sculpture or other imagery or ornaments. Most architectural styles include this element....
with two angels in stucco. The oval painting of the Immaculate Heart of Mary is a copy made in 1848 from the original painting by Giovan Battista Casanova. On the left wall hangs a painting by Étienne de La Vallée PoussinÉtienne de La Vallée PoussinÉtienne de La Vallée Poussin Étienne de La Vallée Poussin Étienne de La Vallée Poussin (certains biographies say Delavallée-Poussin.(1735–1802), was a French history painter and creator of interior decorative schemes.-Life:...
(1774) representing "The Flight to Egypt". The painting on the right is "The Holy Family" (1774) by Tommaso Conca († 1815). The fresco on the ceiling renders "The Annunciation". - The left transept contains the statue of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (second half of the 20th century).
- The Chapel of the Crucifix contains the tomb of don Pirro Scavizzi (1884–1964), the parish priest of this church between 1919 and 1932, whose beatificationBeatificationBeatification is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a dead person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in his or her name . Beatification is the third of the four steps in the canonization process...
is under consideration.
List of titulars (cardinal deacons)
- Gregorio (1088–1099)
- Gregorio, Order of Saint BenedictOrder of Saint BenedictThe Order of Saint Benedict is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of St. Benedict. Within the order, each individual community maintains its own autonomy, while the organization as a whole exists to represent their mutual interests...
(1099–1130) - Gaymer (1130- prima del 1134)
- Stefano (circa 1134-?)
- Vassalo (1134–1142)
- Astaldo degli Astalli (1143–1151)
- Ildebrando Grassi, Canonico Regolare (1152–1157)
- Guido di Crema (1155 o 1157-1158)
- Pietro di Miso (1158-1165?)
- Ugo Ricasoli (1163?- circa 1182)
- Stefano (1172–1173), pseudocardinalPseudocardinal (Catholicism)Pseudocardinals are called these cardinals, created by the antipopes. Their state, like the state of the antipopes is disputed. There are many pseudocardinals created during the controversy between the Holy See and the Holy Roman Empire and during the Western Schism. Some of them had switched...
of AntipopeAntipopeAn antipope is a person who opposes a legitimately elected or sitting Pope and makes a significantly accepted competing claim to be the Pope, the Bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church. At times between the 3rd and mid-15th century, antipopes were typically those supported by a...
Callixtus IIIAntipope Callixtus IIIAntipope Callixtus III or Callistus III was Antipope from September 1168 to 29 August 1178.His real name was Giovanni, Abbot of Struma... - Gianfelice (1188–1189)
- Ugolino dei Conti di SegniPope Gregory IXPope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy.-Early life:Ugolino was...
(1198–1206) - Aldobrandino Gaetani (o Ildebrando) (1216–1219)
- Rinaldo dei Signori di IennePope Alexander IVPope Alexander IV was Pope from 1254 until his death.Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, in Jenne , he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX...
(1227–1234) - Robert Somercote (1231 o 1239-1251)
- Ramón Nonnato (1240)
- Guglielmo Fieschi (1244–1256)
- Uberto Coconati (1261–1276)
- Giordano Orsini (1278–1287)
- Pietro Colonna (1288–1297)
- Riccardo Petroni (1298–1314)
- Arnaud de Via (1317–1335)
- Giovanni Visconti (1329), pseudocardinal of Antipope Nicholas VAntipope Nicholas VNicholas V, born Pietro Rainalducci was an antipope in Italy from 12 May 1328 to 25 July 1330 during the pontificate of Pope John XXII at Avignon. He was the last Imperial antipope, that is, set up by a Holy Roman Emperor.-Life:Rainalducci was born at Corvaro, an ancient stronghold near Rieti in...
- Bernard de la Tour (1342–1361)
- Pierre Flandrin (1371–1381)
- Francesco Renzio (1381–1390)
- Baldassare CossaAntipope John XXIIIBaldassarre Cossa was Pope John XXIII during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope.-Biography:...
(1402–1410) - Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz (1408–1418), pseudocardinal of Antipope Benedict XIIIAntipope Benedict XIIIBenedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor , known as in Spanish, was an Aragonese nobleman, who is officially considered by the Catholic Church to be an antipope....
(1419–1423) - Giacomo Isolani (1413–1417), pseudocardinal of Antipope John XXIII (1417-1420?)
- Vacant (1423–1439)
- Alberto Alberti (1439–1445)
- Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña (or Acuña de Carrillo) (1440), pseudocardinal of Antipope Felix VAntipope Felix V-External links:*...
, declined the appointment - Giacomo del Portogallo (1456–1459)
- Francesco Nanni-Todeschini-PiccolominiPope Pius IIIPope Pius III , born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503.-Career:...
(1460–1503) - Alessandro FarnesePope Paul IIIPope Paul III , born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death in 1549. He came to the papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church following the Protestant Reformation...
(1503–1519); in commendam (1519–1534) - Paolo Emilio Cesi (1534–1537)
- Agostino TrivulzioAgostino TrivulzioAgostino Trivulzio was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from a noble family in Milan.After the 1527 sack of Rome, he was taken hostage by the Imperial forces. He was subsequently a major pro-French figure in papal diplomacy....
(1537) - Cristoforo Giacobazzi (1537–1540)
- Guidascanio Sforza (1540–1552)
- Niccolò Caetani (1552–1585)
- Ferdinando de' MediciFerdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of TuscanyFerdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, having succeeded his older brother Francesco I.-Biography:...
(1585–1587) - Filippo Guastavillani (1587)
- Alessandro Damasceni Peretti (1587–1589)
- Giorlamo Mattei (1589–1592)
- Guido PepoliGuido PepoliGuido Pepoli was an Italian cardinal. He was ordained by Pope Sixtus V on December 20, 1589.Guido Pepoli was an Italian Cardinal....
(1592–1595) - Odoardo FarneseOdoardo FarneseOdoardo Farnese was Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1622 to 1646.-Biography:Odoardo was the sole legitimate son of Ranuccio I Farnese and Margherita Aldobrandini...
(1595–1617) - Andrea Baroni Peretti Montalto (1617–1621)
- Alessandro d'Este (1621)
- Maurizio di Savoia (1621–1626)
- Francesco Boncompagni (1626–1634)
- Ippolito Aldobrandini iuniore (1634–1637)
- Alessandro Cesarini (1638–1644)
- Marzio GinettiMarzio GinettiMarzio Ginetti was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Cardinal Vicar of Rome. He was the uncle of Giovanni Francesco Ginetti....
(1644) - Carlo de' MediciCarlo de' MediciCarlo de' Medici may refer to:*Carlo de' Medici , illegitimate child of Cosimo de' Medici*Carlo de' Medici , Cardinal Bishop of Ostia, Dean of the College of Cardinals...
(1644) - Girolamo ColonnaGirolamo ColonnaGirolamo Colonna was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and member of the noble Colonna family.-Biography:...
(1644–1652) - Giangiacomo Teodoro Trivulzio (1652–1653)
- Virginio OrsiniVirginio OrsiniGentile Virginio Orsini was an Italian condottiero and vassal of the papal throne and the Kingdom of Naples, mainly remembered as the powerful head of the Orsini family during its feud with Pope Alexander VI...
(1653–1656) - Vincenzo CostagutiVincenzo CostagutiVincenzo Costaguti was an Italian Catholic Cardinal-Early life:Costaguti was born in 1612 in Rome to the Costaguti; Genoese nobility. He was the son of Prospero Costaguti and his first wife Paola Costa...
(1656–1660) - Lorenzo Raggi (1660–1664)
- Carlo Pio di Savoia the younger (1664–1667)
- Friedrich Landgraf von Hessen-Darmstadt (1667–1668)
- Decio Azzolino iuniore (1668–1681)
- Felice Rospigliosi (1682–1685)
- Domenico Maria Corsi (1686–1696)
- Vincenzo GrimaniVincenzo GrimaniVincenzo Grimani was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and opera librettist.Grimani was born either in Venice or Mantua....
(1698–1710) - Annibale AlbaniAnnibale AlbaniAnnibale Albani was an Italian Cardinal.Albani was born in Urbino, to Albanian parents. A cousin of Pope Clement XI, he became Cardinal Bishop of Sabina ....
(1712–1716) - Curzio Origo (1716–1726); titolo pro illa vice (1726–1737)
- Neri Maria CorsiniNeri Maria CorsiniNeri Maria Corsini was an Italian nobleman and nephew of pope Clement XII, who made him a cardinal in pectore at the consistory of 14 August 1730 - his creation as cardinal was made public in December 1730. He exercised several roles in the Roman Curia, notably the Supreme Tribunal of the...
(1737–1770) - Giovanni Costanzio Caracciolo (1770–1780)
- Pasquale Acquaviva d'Aragona (1780–1788)
- Vincenzo Maria Altieri (1788–1794)
- Filippo Carandini (1794–1810)
- Vacant (1810–1816)
- Alessandro Lante Montefeltro Della Rovere (1816–1818)
- Giuseppe Albani (1818–1828)
- Vacant (1828–1832)
- Luigi Gazzoli (1832–1857)
- Teodolfo MertelTeodolfo MertelTeodolfo Mertel was a lawyer and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the last lay cardinal.Pope Pius IX made him a Cardinal-Deacon of S. Eustachio on 15 March 1858. Two months later on May 16, Pope Pius IX ordained him as a deacon...
(1858–1881) - Angelo Jacobini (1882–1886)
- Luigi Trombetta (1899–1900)
- Vacant (1900–1914)
- Michele LegaMichele LegaMichele Lega S.T.D. J.U.D. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Prefect of the Congregation for the Discipline of Sacraments....
(1914–1924); titolo pro illa vice (1924–1926) - Carlo PerosiCarlo PerosiCarlo Perosi was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Secretary of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation from 1928 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1926.-Biography:...
(1926–1930) - Vacant (1930–1946)
- Giuseppe BrunoGiuseppe BrunoGiuseppe Bruno was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the Council and as Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura. He was born in Sezzadio, Italy.-Education:...
(1946–1954) - Vacant (1954–1958)
- Fernando CentoFernando CentoFernando Cento was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Major Penitentiary of Apostolic Penitentiary....
, titolo pro illa vice (1958–1965) - Francis John Brennan (1967–1968)
- Giacomo ViolardoGiacomo ViolardoGiacomo Violardo was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Secretary of the Sacred Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments in the Roman Curia from 1965 to 1969, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1969.-Biography:Giacomo Violardo was born in Govone, and...
(1969–1978) - Vacant (1978–1991)
- Guido Del Mestri (1991–1993)
- Vacant (1993–2001)
- Sergio Sebastiani (2001-)
Sources
- Antonio Menegaldo & Vincenzo Francia, Basilica di Sant' Eustachio in Campo Marzio (in Italian) - booklet on sale in the church