Rose Warfman
Encyclopedia
Rose Warfman (born October 4, 1916) is a French survivor of Auschwitz and heroine of the French Resistance
.
, Switzerland
, the daughter of Paul (Pinhas) Gluck-Friedman (1886–1964) and Henia Shipper (1887–1968).
Her father was a direct descendant of Hasidic Masters, going back to the Magid
Dov Ber of Mezeritch (1704–1772), the disciple and successor of the Baal Shem Tov (1698–1760).
She had two sisters, Antoinette Feuerwerker
born in 1912 in Antwerpen, Belgium
and Hendel (Hedwig) Naftalis, born in 1913 in Zürich, as was also her brother Salomon Gluck
in 1914.
in Galicia, Poland
, to Belgium, then to Switzerland, during World War I. The family moved further to Germany, and finally to France in 1921, settling in Strasbourg
. There she went to the famous Lycée des Pontonniers, now called Lycée International des Pontonniers.
.
, in Brive-la-Gaillarde
. They worked together with Edmond Michelet
, the future Senior Minister of Charles de Gaulle
, in the major Movement of the French Resistance, Combat
. In Michelet's Memoirs, she is mentioned as one of the active agents for Combat. Her name in the Résistance was Marie Rose Girardin.
of Brive in March 1944, taken to Drancy internment camp
, and from there, on convoy 72, on April 29, 1944, to Auschwitz concentration camp.
Dr. Josef Mengele
, the infamous Nazi doctor singled her for survival. Later, he operated on her, without anesthesia. She survived three selections in Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz-Birkenau), and later was transferred to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp
, before being liberated by the Russian Army
in June 1945.
The number tattooed on her arm at Auschwitz is: 80598. Underneath there is a triangle, meaning she is a Jew.
This convoy takes 1004 Jews, and includes 398 men and 606 women. Among them were 174 children below 18. The poet Itzak Katznelson (Itzhak Katzenelson) is among the deportees of this convoy, as well as many Poles
, arrested as he was in Vittel
, after having been transferred from Poland. There are families: the children Dodelzak, Ita 12, Georges 3 and Arkadius 3 months; the Rottenberg, Naphtalie 7, Nathan 5, Esther 4, Frantz 2,...
On arrival at Auschwitz, 48 men were selectioned with the numbers 186596 to 186643 and 52 women, whose numbers are around 80600. In 1945, there were 37 survivors, including 25 women.
Her brother, Dr. Salomon Gluck
was deported on the next convoy, convoy 73, leaving Drancy internment camp on May 15, 1944.
made them knit undershirts for German newborns. She worked hard, and was given as a role model. Then winter came, they were asked to knit socks for men (Germans). Her vengeance was to make big knots inside to render them unusable.
.
, when it opened in Paris, with a director, Mr. Massis. She welcomed and guided many Israeli leaders during their stays in Paris, including Golda Meir
, and David Ben-Gurion
.
She was involved in the adventure of the Exodus (ship)
(Exodus1947). Together with Abbé Alexandre Glasberg, recognized posthumously as a Righteous Among the Nations
by the Yad Vashem
, Jerusalem, Israel
, for saving Jews during the war, she made the false identity cards for the passengers of the Exodus.
, on February 10, 1959. She also was awarded la Médaille Militaire
1939–1945, la Croix de guerre
1939–1945, and la Croix du Combattant Volontaire de la Résistance. On April 10, 2009, the French Government made her an Officer of the Legion of Honor.
) and a certified public accountant (CPA). She had three children: Bernard, Salomon David, and Anne. She moved to Manchester
, England
, to be close to her children, her grandchildren and her great grandchildren.
French Resistance
The French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II...
.
Born in Zürich
Rose Gluck was born on October 4, 1916, in ZürichZürich
Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, the daughter of Paul (Pinhas) Gluck-Friedman (1886–1964) and Henia Shipper (1887–1968).
Her father was a direct descendant of Hasidic Masters, going back to the Magid
Maggid
Maggid , sometimes spelled as magid, is a traditional Eastern European Jewish religious itinerant preacher, skilled as a narrator of Torah and religious stories. A preacher of the more scholarly sort was called a "darshan", and usually occupied the official position of rabbi...
Dov Ber of Mezeritch (1704–1772), the disciple and successor of the Baal Shem Tov (1698–1760).
She had two sisters, Antoinette Feuerwerker
Antoinette Feuerwerker
Antoinette Feuerwerker was a French jurist and an active fighter in the French Resistance during the Second World War.-Biography:...
born in 1912 in Antwerpen, Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
and Hendel (Hedwig) Naftalis, born in 1913 in Zürich, as was also her brother Salomon Gluck
Salomon Gluck
Salomon Gluck, , was a French physician and a member of the French Resistance.-His ancestors:...
in 1914.
Strasbourg
Her parents had moved from TarnówTarnów
Tarnów is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection...
in Galicia, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, to Belgium, then to Switzerland, during World War I. The family moved further to Germany, and finally to France in 1921, settling in Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
. There she went to the famous Lycée des Pontonniers, now called Lycée International des Pontonniers.
Paris
After moving to Paris, with her family, she studied in 1941 and 1942 to become a nurse, in the modern Ecole de puériculture, 26, boulevard Brune, in Paris 14. She worked before World War II at the COJASOR, a Jewish social service organization, together with Lucie Dreyfus (née Hadamard) (1869–1945), the widow of the famed Captain Alfred DreyfusAlfred Dreyfus
Alfred Dreyfus was a French artillery officer of Jewish background whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most tense political dramas in modern French and European history...
.
The Résistance
During World War II, she joined her sister, Antoinette Feuerwerker, and her husband, Rabbi David FeuerwerkerDavid Feuerwerker
- Born in Geneva :He was born on October 2, 1912, at 11 Rue du Mont-Blanc, in Geneva, Switzerland. He was the seventh of eleven children. His father Jacob Feuerwerker was born in Sighet, now Sighetu Marmatiei, Maramureş, then Hungary, now Rumania...
, in Brive-la-Gaillarde
Brive-la-Gaillarde
Brive-la-Gaillarde is a commune of France. It is a sub-prefecture of the Corrèze department. The population of the urban area was 89,260 as of 1999. Although it is by far the biggest commune in Corrèze, the capital is Tulle.-History:...
. They worked together with Edmond Michelet
Edmond Michelet
Edmond Michelet was a French politician.On 17 June 1940, he distributed tracts calling to continue the war in all Brive-la-Gaillarde's mailboxes...
, the future Senior Minister of Charles de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969....
, in the major Movement of the French Resistance, Combat
Combat (French Resistance)
Combat was a large movement in the French Resistance created in the non-occupied zone of France during the Second World War .Combat was one of the eight great resistance movements which constituted the Conseil national de la Résistance....
. In Michelet's Memoirs, she is mentioned as one of the active agents for Combat. Her name in the Résistance was Marie Rose Girardin.
Arrested in Brive
She was arrested in the SynagogueSynagogue
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. This use of the Greek term synagogue originates in the Septuagint where it sometimes translates the Hebrew word for assembly, kahal...
of Brive in March 1944, taken to Drancy internment camp
Drancy internment camp
The Drancy internment camp of Paris, France, was used to hold Jews who were later deported to the extermination camps. 65,000 Jews were deported from Drancy, of whom 63,000 were murdered including 6,000 children...
, and from there, on convoy 72, on April 29, 1944, to Auschwitz concentration camp.
Taken to Drancy
Her sister Antoinette Feuerwerker succeeded to forward to her a nurse uniform in Drancy internment camp. She wore that uniform, arriving in Auschwitz.Dr. Josef Mengele
Josef Mengele
Josef Rudolf Mengele , also known as the Angel of Death was a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. He earned doctorates in anthropology from Munich University and in medicine from Frankfurt University...
, the infamous Nazi doctor singled her for survival. Later, he operated on her, without anesthesia. She survived three selections in Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz-Birkenau), and later was transferred to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp
Gross-Rosen concentration camp
KL Gross-Rosen was a German concentration camp, located in Gross-Rosen, Lower Silesia . It was located directly on the rail line between Jauer and Striegau .-The camp:...
, before being liberated by the Russian Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
in June 1945.
The number tattooed on her arm at Auschwitz is: 80598. Underneath there is a triangle, meaning she is a Jew.
Taken to Auschwitz
Convoy 72 took her to Auschwitz on April 29, 1944. Serge Klarsfeld described the convoy:This convoy takes 1004 Jews, and includes 398 men and 606 women. Among them were 174 children below 18. The poet Itzak Katznelson (Itzhak Katzenelson) is among the deportees of this convoy, as well as many Poles
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
, arrested as he was in Vittel
Vittel
Vittel is a commune in the Vosges department in Lorraine in northeastern France.Mineral water is bottled and sold here by Nestlé Waters France, under the Vittel brand.-History:...
, after having been transferred from Poland. There are families: the children Dodelzak, Ita 12, Georges 3 and Arkadius 3 months; the Rottenberg, Naphtalie 7, Nathan 5, Esther 4, Frantz 2,...
On arrival at Auschwitz, 48 men were selectioned with the numbers 186596 to 186643 and 52 women, whose numbers are around 80600. In 1945, there were 37 survivors, including 25 women.
Her brother, Dr. Salomon Gluck
Salomon Gluck
Salomon Gluck, , was a French physician and a member of the French Resistance.-His ancestors:...
was deported on the next convoy, convoy 73, leaving Drancy internment camp on May 15, 1944.
Gross-Rosen
The Gross-Rosen concentration camp was situated near Breslau (called today Wrocław in Poland) railway station. She found that concentration camp worse than Auschwitz, even though there was no crematorium. There she had to work in a factory for ammunitions, from six in the evening to six in the morning. There was only one break: half an hour between midnight and twelve thirty. It was an assembly-line work. You couldn't stop or slow down, because the all assembly-line would stop or slow down. The blows rained down.Passive Resistance
Even in concentration camp, she did passive resistance. In Birkenau, she was assigned to a group of 50 women who were knitting. A kapoKapo (concentration camp)
A kapo was a prisoner who worked inside German Nazi concentration camps during World War II in any of certain lower administrative positions. The official Nazi word was Funktionshäftling, or "prisoner functionary", but the Nazis commonly referred to them as kapos.- Etymology :The origin of "kapo"...
made them knit undershirts for German newborns. She worked hard, and was given as a role model. Then winter came, they were asked to knit socks for men (Germans). Her vengeance was to make big knots inside to render them unusable.
Simone Veil
In her block in Auschwitz was another detainee that she saw daily, and who would later become a celebrated politician in France and Europe, her name: Simone VeilSimone Veil
Simone Veil, DBE is a French lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Health under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of the European Parliament and member of the Constitutional Council of France....
.
Return to Paris: Exodus (ship), El Al
After the War, she returned to Paris. She became the one and sole employee of the new Israeli Airlines, El AlEl Al
El Al Israel Airlines Ltd , trading as El Al , is the flag carrier of Israel. It operates scheduled domestic and international services and cargo flights to Europe, North America, Africa and the Far East from its main base in Ben Gurion International Airport...
, when it opened in Paris, with a director, Mr. Massis. She welcomed and guided many Israeli leaders during their stays in Paris, including Golda Meir
Golda Meir
Golda Meir ; May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was a teacher, kibbutznik and politician who became the fourth Prime Minister of the State of Israel....
, and David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion
' was the first Prime Minister of Israel.Ben-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, led him to become a major Zionist leader and Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization in 1946...
.
She was involved in the adventure of the Exodus (ship)
Exodus (ship)
Exodus 1947 was a ship that carried Jewish emigrants, that left France on July 11, 1947, with the intent of taking its passengers to the British mandate for Palestine. Most of the emigrants were Holocaust survivor refugees, who had no legal immigration certificates to Palestine...
(Exodus1947). Together with Abbé Alexandre Glasberg, recognized posthumously as a Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous among the Nations of the world's nations"), also translated as Righteous Gentiles is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis....
by the Yad Vashem
Yad Vashem
Yad Vashem is Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, established in 1953 through the Yad Vashem Law passed by the Knesset, Israel's parliament....
, Jerusalem, Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
, for saving Jews during the war, she made the false identity cards for the passengers of the Exodus.
Honors
She was awarded the title of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French Government for her work in the RésistanceResistance
- Physics :* Electrical resistance, a measure of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it* Friction, the force that opposes motion** Drag , fluid or gas forces opposing motion and flow...
, on February 10, 1959. She also was awarded la Médaille Militaire
Médaille militaire
The Médaille militaire is a decoration of the French Republic which was first instituted in 1852.-History:The creator of the médaille was the emperor Napoléon III, who may have taken his inspiration in a medal issued by his father, Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland...
1939–1945, la Croix de guerre
Croix de guerre
The Croix de guerre is a military decoration of France. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. The decoration was awarded during World War I, again in World War II, and in other conflicts...
1939–1945, and la Croix du Combattant Volontaire de la Résistance. On April 10, 2009, the French Government made her an Officer of the Legion of Honor.
Personal life
She was married to Nachman Warfman a Doctor in Law (University of GrenobleUniversity of Grenoble
University of Grenoble or Grenoble University was a university in Grenoble, France until 1970, when it was split into several different institutions:...
) and a certified public accountant (CPA). She had three children: Bernard, Salomon David, and Anne. She moved to Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, to be close to her children, her grandchildren and her great grandchildren.