Salomon Gluck
Encyclopedia
Salomon Gluck, (November 5, 1914-?May 20, 1944), was a French physician and a member of the French Resistance
.
Dov Ber of Mezeritch (1704–1772), the disciple and successor of the Baal Shem Tov (1698–1760), the founder of Hasidism.
, born in 1912, in Antwerpen, Belgium
, and Hendel (Hedwig) Naftalis born in 1913 and Rose Warfman
born in 1916, as he was, in Zürich
. His parents had moved from Tarnów
in Galicia, Poland
, to Belgium
, then to Switzerland
, during World War I.
.
, closer to home, since the family had moved, and then went on to complete his medical studies at the Université de Strasbourg.
on September 16, 1939 and he was sent to the front, on the Maginot Line
, as a second lieutenant, for all the 1939-1940 campaign.
As an officer, he was taken as a prisoner at Oflag
12b ["Offizier-Lager"] (located in the Citadel of Mainz
(Zitadelle Mainz
)), Germany. and recovered his freedom in 1941. Upon his release he received the Croix de Guerre 39-40
.
, he could not practice as a physician
. Nevertheless, he did work as a physician in a Children's Home at Broût-Vernet (Allier
), catering principally to young teenage orphans. The home was part of a network organized by OSE
(Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants).
, Antoinette Feuerwerker
, and her husband, Rabbi David Feuerwerker
, in Brive-la-Gaillarde
, Corrèze
. They worked together with Edmond Michelet
in the Resistance movement
"Combat".
He left for Lyon
, around February 1944, where he joined the Lyonese résistance.
, when trying to protect his father brutalized by those agents, he openly stated his allegiance to the Résistance.
, then to Drancy
(Drancy internment camp
), next to Paris, on May 11, 1944, under the number 21530, he was deported on convoy 73, one of the rare trains from France carrying only men, and with the final destination being not Auschwitz, but Kaunas
in Lithuania
or Reval now called Tallinn
in Estonia
.
, Israel
, and on the Mur des Noms, at the Mémorial du Martyr Juif Inconnu, in Paris, France, as an eternal remembrance.
French Resistance
The French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II...
.
His ancestors
His father was a direct descendant of Hasidic Masters, going back to the MagidMaggid
Maggid , sometimes spelled as magid, is a traditional Eastern European Jewish religious itinerant preacher, skilled as a narrator of Torah and religious stories. A preacher of the more scholarly sort was called a "darshan", and usually occupied the official position of rabbi...
Dov Ber of Mezeritch (1704–1772), the disciple and successor of the Baal Shem Tov (1698–1760), the founder of Hasidism.
Born in Zürich
He had three sisters, Antoinette FeuerwerkerAntoinette Feuerwerker
Antoinette Feuerwerker was a French jurist and an active fighter in the French Resistance during the Second World War.-Biography:...
, born in 1912, in Antwerpen, Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, and Hendel (Hedwig) Naftalis born in 1913 and Rose Warfman
Rose Warfman
Rose Warfman is a French survivor of Auschwitz and heroine of the French Resistance.-Born in Zürich:Rose Gluck was born on October 4, 1916, in Zürich, Switzerland, the daughter of Paul Gluck-Friedman and Henia Shipper .Her father was a direct descendant of Hasidic Masters, going back to the...
born in 1916, as he was, in Zürich
Zürich
Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
. His parents had moved from Tarnów
Tarnów
Tarnów is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection...
in Galicia, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, to Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, then to Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, during World War I.
From Switzerland to France
The family moved further to Germany, and finally to France in 1921, settling in StrasbourgStrasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
.
Strasbourg: From High School to Medical School
Salomon Gluck started High School at Lycée Fustel de Coulanges, located next to the Cathedral and he finished High School at the Lycée KléberLycée Kléber
The Lycée Kléber is a French public secondary school located in the Alsatian capital Strasbourg. It is generally considered to be one of France's best lycées...
, closer to home, since the family had moved, and then went on to complete his medical studies at the Université de Strasbourg.
On the Maginot Line and at the Oflag
When World War II broke out, he had been in London, since 1938, doing an internship. Deciding to go back to France, he joined the French ArmyFrench Army
The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre , is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces.As of 2010, the army employs 123,100 regulars, 18,350 part-time reservists and 7,700 Legionnaires. All soldiers are professionals, following the suspension of conscription, voted in...
on September 16, 1939 and he was sent to the front, on the Maginot Line
Maginot Line
The Maginot Line , named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun posts, and other defences, which France constructed along its borders with Germany and Italy, in light of its experience in World War I,...
, as a second lieutenant, for all the 1939-1940 campaign.
As an officer, he was taken as a prisoner at Oflag
Oflag
An Oflag was a prisoner of war camp for officers only, established by the German Army in both World War I and World War II in accordance with the requirements of the Geneva Convention ....
12b ["Offizier-Lager"] (located in the Citadel of Mainz
Mainz
Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire...
(Zitadelle Mainz
Zitadelle Mainz
The Mainzer Zitadelle is situated at the fringe of the Old Town near Mainz Römisches Theater station. The fortress was constructed in 1660 and was an important part of the Fortress Mainz.-History:...
)), Germany. and recovered his freedom in 1941. Upon his release he received the Croix de Guerre 39-40
Croix de guerre 1939-1945 (France)
The Croix de guerre 1939–1945 is a French military decoration created on September 26, 1939, to honour people who fought with the Allies against the Axis force at any time during World War II.-Recipients:...
.
Physician in Brôut-Vernet
Under the racist laws of Vichy FranceVichy France
Vichy France, Vichy Regime, or Vichy Government, are common terms used to describe the government of France that collaborated with the Axis powers from July 1940 to August 1944. This government succeeded the Third Republic and preceded the Provisional Government of the French Republic...
, he could not practice as a physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
. Nevertheless, he did work as a physician in a Children's Home at Broût-Vernet (Allier
Allier
Allier is a department in central France named after the river Allier.- History :Allier is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Auvergne and Bourbonnais.In 1940, the government of Marshal...
), catering principally to young teenage orphans. The home was part of a network organized by OSE
OSE
Ose may refer to:*Ose *Ose, , King of the Ashanti Empire*Ose, Poland*Ose, Skye, a settlement in Scotland*Ōse, Ehime, a former village in Japan*Ose, Nigeria, a Local Government Area of Ondo State...
(Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants).
Résistance in Brive
Aware of his imminent arrest, he joined his sisters, Rose WarfmanRose Warfman
Rose Warfman is a French survivor of Auschwitz and heroine of the French Resistance.-Born in Zürich:Rose Gluck was born on October 4, 1916, in Zürich, Switzerland, the daughter of Paul Gluck-Friedman and Henia Shipper .Her father was a direct descendant of Hasidic Masters, going back to the...
, Antoinette Feuerwerker
Antoinette Feuerwerker
Antoinette Feuerwerker was a French jurist and an active fighter in the French Resistance during the Second World War.-Biography:...
, and her husband, Rabbi David Feuerwerker
David Feuerwerker
- Born in Geneva :He was born on October 2, 1912, at 11 Rue du Mont-Blanc, in Geneva, Switzerland. He was the seventh of eleven children. His father Jacob Feuerwerker was born in Sighet, now Sighetu Marmatiei, Maramureş, then Hungary, now Rumania...
, in Brive-la-Gaillarde
Brive-la-Gaillarde
Brive-la-Gaillarde is a commune of France. It is a sub-prefecture of the Corrèze department. The population of the urban area was 89,260 as of 1999. Although it is by far the biggest commune in Corrèze, the capital is Tulle.-History:...
, Corrèze
Corrèze
Corrèze is a department in south central France, named after the Corrèze River.The inhabitants of the department are called Corréziens or Corréziennes according to gender.-History:...
. They worked together with Edmond Michelet
Edmond Michelet
Edmond Michelet was a French politician.On 17 June 1940, he distributed tracts calling to continue the war in all Brive-la-Gaillarde's mailboxes...
in the Resistance movement
French Resistance
The French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II...
"Combat".
He left for Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
, around February 1944, where he joined the Lyonese résistance.
Arrested by the Milice
He soon after was arrested by the MiliceMilice
The Milice française , generally called simply Milice, was a paramilitary force created on January 30, 1943 by the Vichy Regime, with German aid, to help fight the French Resistance. The Milice's formal leader was Prime Minister Pierre Laval, though its chief of operations, and actual leader, was...
, when trying to protect his father brutalized by those agents, he openly stated his allegiance to the Résistance.
Taken to Montluc, Drancy, and on Convoy 73
Taken to Fort de Montluc in LyonLyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
, then to Drancy
Drancy
Drancy is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 10.8 km from the center of Paris.- Toponomy :...
(Drancy internment camp
Drancy internment camp
The Drancy internment camp of Paris, France, was used to hold Jews who were later deported to the extermination camps. 65,000 Jews were deported from Drancy, of whom 63,000 were murdered including 6,000 children...
), next to Paris, on May 11, 1944, under the number 21530, he was deported on convoy 73, one of the rare trains from France carrying only men, and with the final destination being not Auschwitz, but Kaunas
Kaunas
Kaunas is the second-largest city in Lithuania and has historically been a leading centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the biggest city and the center of a powiat in Trakai Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413. During Russian Empire occupation...
in Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
or Reval now called Tallinn
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 414,940. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list...
in Estonia
Estonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
.
Eternal Remembrance
Salomon Gluck was probably assassinated, alike most of the 878 men in convoy 73, on or around May 20, 1944. His name is inscribed on his father's tomb in HaifaHaifa
Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country, with a population of over 268,000. Another 300,000 people live in towns directly adjacent to the city including the cities of the Krayot, as well as, Tirat Carmel, Daliyat al-Karmel and Nesher...
, Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
, and on the Mur des Noms, at the Mémorial du Martyr Juif Inconnu, in Paris, France, as an eternal remembrance.
External links
- Salomon Glück at www.convoi73.org
- Déportés d'Alsace at judaisme.sdv.fr
- JEWISH MEMORIAL CENTER at www.jewishworldcenter.com
- Remise de la Legion d'honneur at judaisme.sdv.fr
- Mémorial de la Shoah at mms.pegasis.fr
- The Wartime Memories Project - Oflag 12b POW Camp at wartimememories.co.uk
- Les camps d'internement français entre 1939 et 1945 : Fort-Montluc à Lyon at apra.asso.fr
- OSE - Albert Einstein at www.ose-france.org