Nizhny Tagil
Encyclopedia
Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the Urals Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg formerly known as Sverdlovsk. Population: -Geography:...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, situated 25 kilometres (15.5 mi) east of the virtual border between Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
and Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
. Population:
History
The history of Nizhny Tagil begins with the opening of the Vysokogorsky iron ore quarry in 1696. The deposits were particularly rich, and included lodes of pure magnetic iron. The surrounding landscape provided everything needed for a successful and productive mining and smelting operation — rivers for transport, forests for fuel, and suitable climate.The city itself was legally founded in October, 1722 among settlements connected to the construction of the Vyysky copper smelting plant, owned by Nikolay Demidov
Demidov
The Demidov family, also Demidoff, were an influential Russian merchant, industrialist and later chivalry family, possibly second only to the Tsar himself in wealth during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.-History:...
. Over the following decades, the city developed as one of the early centers of Russian industrialization, and it has been a major producer of cast iron
Cast iron
Cast iron is derived from pig iron, and while it usually refers to gray iron, it also identifies a large group of ferrous alloys which solidify with a eutectic. The color of a fractured surface can be used to identify an alloy. White cast iron is named after its white surface when fractured, due...
and steel
Steel
Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
.
The first Russian steam locomotive
Locomotive
A locomotive is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. The word originates from the Latin loco – "from a place", ablative of locus, "place" + Medieval Latin motivus, "causing motion", and is a shortened form of the term locomotive engine, first used in the early 19th...
was constructed there in 1833, and the father-and-son engineers who developed it, Ye.A. and M.Ye. Cherepanov (Черепанов), were in 1956 commemorated by an 8m bronze statue (executed by sculptor A.S. Kondratyev and architect A.V. Sotnikov) which stands in the center of the Theatrical Square in the heart of downtown.
Town status was granted to Nizhny Tagil in 1919.
According to some sources, the copper for the skin of the Statue of Liberty
Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886...
was mined and refined in Nizhny Tagil.
Geography
Rivers and ponds take up one third of the city's territory. Nizhny Tagil spans 22 kilometres (13.7 mi) from north to south and 21 kilometres (13 mi) from east to west. The city is built around Lisya Mountain extinct volcanoVolcano
2. Bedrock3. Conduit 4. Base5. Sill6. Dike7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano8. Flank| 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano10. Throat11. Parasitic cone12. Lava flow13. Vent14. Crater15...
. This mountain with a watch-tower on its top is a symbol of the city. Another mountain, Medved-Kamen, is located in the northern part of the city and is 100 meters high. High rock wall breaks into the Tagil River
Tagil River
Tagil is a river in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. It is 414 km long, with a drainage basin of 10 100 km². The average discharge is 40 m³/s. The river has its sources on the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains, east of Verkhny Tagil...
.
The city is divided into three city districts: Leninsky, encompassing the city center and Nizhnetagilsky Pond; Tagilstroyevsky, a comparatively small section at the north part of town; and Dzerzhinsky, a sizable section to the east of the city center principally consisting of apartment buildings and other residences.
In addition, a large portion of the land within the bounds of the city is dominated by the facilities of the various factories located in this industrial city, including those of Oxochem.
The city's climate is temperate continental. The geological structure of the city is very complex. Its altitude varies from 170 to 380 meters. This makes Nizhny Tagil one of the rare natural store-rooms on the Earth. There are many mineral deposits containing 63 elements of the periodic table
Periodic table
The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular display of the 118 known chemical elements organized by selected properties of their atomic structures. Elements are presented by increasing atomic number, the number of protons in an atom's atomic nucleus...
.
Rail lines and highways connect the city with others in all directions: with Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Situated on the eastern side of the Ural mountain range, it is the main industrial and cultural center of the Urals Federal District with a population of 1,350,136 , making it Russia's...
130 kilometres (80.8 mi) to the south, with Serov and Priobye in the north, with Perm
Perm
Perm is a city and the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River, in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains. From 1940 to 1957 it was named Molotov ....
in the west, and with Alapayevsk
Alapayevsk
Alapayevsk is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Neyva and Alapaikha Rivers. Population: 44,263 ; 50,060 ; 49,000 . The local church is named Saint Catherines....
and Verkhnyaya Salda
Verkhnyaya Salda
Verkhnyaya Salda is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Salda River , north of Yekaterinburg. Population: It was founded in 1778; town status was granted to it in 1938....
in the east.
The city is served by Salka Airport
Salka Airport
Salka Airport is an airport in Russia located 17 km northeast of Nizhny Tagil. This airfield was home to the 765 IAP , which used Su-9 aircraft from the 1950s until 1980, then transitioned to the MiG-23P. The unit was disbanded in 1994.- See also :* Salka Airport...
, located 17 km northeast of the city. It was a military base until 1994 and has now become a civil airport.
Economy
Nizhny Tagil is a large industrial center of the Middle Urals. Such highly power-intensive industries as ferrous metallurgyMetallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. It is also the technology of metals: the way in which science is applied to their practical use...
, engineering
Engineering
Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...
, chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
, and metal working are well-developed in the city. A total of 606 manufacturing companies operate in Nizhny Tagil.
Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Plant (Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat, NTMK) is a leading Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n steel company.
Uralvagonzavod
Uralvagonzavod
Uralvagonzavod is a Russian machine building company located in Nizhny Tagil, Russia. It is one of the largest scientific and industrial complexes in Russia and the largest main battle tank manufacturer in the world....
(UVZ) is well known in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
as the main producer of modern tank
Tank
A tank is a tracked, armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat which combines operational mobility, tactical offensive, and defensive capabilities...
s on the territory of the former Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. The T-72
T-72
The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1970. It is developed directly from Obyekt-172, and shares parallel features with the T-64A...
, T-90
T-90
The T-90 is a Russian third-generation main battle tank that is a modernisation of the T-72 . It is currently the most modern tank in service with the Russian Ground Forces and Naval Infantry...
, and T-95
T-95
T-95 is the common informal designation of a Russian fifth generation tank that was under development at Uralvagonzavod before being cancelled in May 2011.-History:...
are produced in the city.
Culture
Nizhny Tagil is known for its decorative trays.Demidov
Demidov
The Demidov family, also Demidoff, were an influential Russian merchant, industrialist and later chivalry family, possibly second only to the Tsar himself in wealth during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.-History:...
s' initiatives in the area of culture had a favorable influence on the development of Tagil community into the Urals' most important cultural center. In the 19th century, a library and the museum of natural history and antiquity were opened.
Nizhny Tagil has a wide network of 28 libraries servicing 75,000 readers every year. Tagil museums include the old regional history museum, the museum of Fine Arts, and a number of new museums opened in the 1990s: the museum of tray painting art, the museum of lifestyle and handicrafts representing the starting point of a new ethnographic complex.
The Demidov Park, a new cultural and historical project, is planned to be built in the city. Nizhny Tagil has been repeatedly chosen to host international Urals' Industrial Heritage conferences and workshops.
Nizhny Tagil theatrical life is represented by three professional theaters: the National D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak
D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak
Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak was a Russian author most famous for his novels and short stories about life in the Ural Mountains.-Early life:...
Academic Drama Theater, a puppet theater, community theaters, and the actor department of Nizhny Tagil College of Arts, which has been training actors and actresses for Nizhny Tagil and oblast scenes for two years.
A number of famous musicians studied in the Nizhny Tagil College of Arts, including Mikhail Kuritsky, a cellist, and Boris Levantovich, a pianist.
Several Maximum-security prisons surround the town, and most town residents have close connections to them. When prisoners are released from the prisons, they are not given their train fare, and most remain in the town.
Education
Nizhny Tagil is home of the Nizhny Tagil State Socio-Educational Akademy. The oldest school in Nizhny Tagil. In Nizhny Tagil State socio-educational academy operates 4 institutes, 13 faculties and 29 departments. A post-graduate courses and operates in three fields: general education, the history of pedagogy and education, Russian history, the Russian language.In art and graphics department 2008 year launched five workshops in which students engage in decorative art. His work, they can provide in a beautiful art gallery.
In the Academy has four modern sports hall. Updated large sports hall, which during the summer to build a wall for climbing. Also working gym and shaping room.
Nizhny Tagil is also home to the Nizhny Tagil Technological Institute (Нижнетагильский Технологический Институт) located to the south-east of the city center.
Sports
The city association football team is FC Uralets Nizhny TagilFC Uralets Nizhny Tagil
FC Uralets Nizhny Tagil was a Russian football team from Nizhny Tagil. It played professionally from 1946 to 1949 and 1958 to 2006. The highest level it ever achieved was the second-highest , where it played in 1947-1949, 1958-1962 and 1992-1993...
, which plays in the Russian Second Division, The city ice hockey team is Sputnik Nizhny Tagil, which played in the Russian Major League. The Uralochka Volleyball club have been champion of Russia on 14 occasions. The bandy
Bandy
Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.The rules of the game have many similarities to those of association football: the game is played on a rectangle of ice the same size as a football field. Each team has 11 players,...
club Metallurg plays in the 2nd highest division. http://www.rusbandy.ru/800content.html?PageID=48
Public health
Medical care is provided in 29 medical care centers that employ 1,100 doctors and 4,500 assistants. Annually, up to 100,000 people are hospitalized, 28,000 surgeries are performed, and up to four million appointments are registered in the city medical care centers.There is a Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Situated on the eastern side of the Ural mountain range, it is the main industrial and cultural center of the Urals Federal District with a population of 1,350,136 , making it Russia's...
branch of eye microsurgery in Nizhny Tagil. Obstetrical care is well developed. There is a network of municipal and private pharmacies. Potential investors can be attracted by the prospects of developing and implementing a program of manufacturing medical tools for traumatology at the Nizhny Tagil medical tools plant.
Expo-Center
Nizhny Tagil is one of centers of exhibition activity in the Middle Urals. Nizhny Tagil Institute of Metals Testing was the host of the international exhibitions such as Ural Expo Arms / Russian Expo ArmsRussian Expo Arms
Russian Expo Arms is the international exhibition of arms, military equipment and ammunition that is regularly held in Nizhny Tagil, Russia since 1999....
, Russian Defense Expo (2001 and 2002).
Well-known personalities
Nizhny Tagil has been connected to the following personalities:- Boris Brainin, Austrian poet and translator
- Valeri BraininValeri BraininValeri Brainin , Russian/German musicologist, music manager, composer, and poet....
, poet, musicologist, President (from 2004) of the Russian branch of the International Society for Music Education - a member of UNESCOUNESCOThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations... - Yefim CherepanovCherepanovCherepanov, Yefim Alekseyevich and Miron Yefimovich , Russian inventors and industrial engineers, father and son. They were serfs of the Demidovs – a famous family of factory owners...
, inventor and industrial engineerIndustrial engineeringIndustrial engineering is a branch of engineering dealing with the optimization of complex processes or systems. It is concerned with the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, materials, analysis...
, constructor of the first Russian locomotive - Miron CherepanovCherepanovCherepanov, Yefim Alekseyevich and Miron Yefimovich , Russian inventors and industrial engineers, father and son. They were serfs of the Demidovs – a famous family of factory owners...
(a son of Yefim Cherepanov), inventor and industrial engineerIndustrial engineeringIndustrial engineering is a branch of engineering dealing with the optimization of complex processes or systems. It is concerned with the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, materials, analysis...
, constructor of the first Russian locomotive - Felix LemberskyFelix LemberskyFelix Lembersky was a Russian/Soviet painter, artist, teacher, theater stage designer and community organizer of Jewish-Ukrainian origin....
, painter - Valeri Ogorodnikov, film director, Prize "Silver Leopard" at Locarno International Film FestivalLocarno International Film FestivalThe Film Festival Locarno is an international film festival held annually in the city of Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. After Cannes and Venice and together with Karlovy Vary, Locarno is the Film Festival with the longest history...
and State Price of Russian Federation for the film "Barrack", Price of FIPRESCIFIPRESCIThe International Federation of Film Critics is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in...
for the film "Burglar" at Venice Film FestivalVenice Film FestivalThe Venice International Film Festival is the oldest international film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the... - Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak, novelist and short story writer
- Bulat OkudzhavaBulat OkudzhavaBulat Shalvovich Okudzhava was a Soviet and Russian poet, writer, musician, novelist, and singer-songwriter. He was one of the founders of the Russian genre called "author song"...
, poet and chansonnier - Alexander RadulovAlexander RadulovAlexander Valerievich Radulov is a Russian professional ice hockey player currently playing for Salavat Yulaev Ufa of the Kontinental Hockey League . Radulov is the KHL's all-time assist leader with 125 career assists...
, hockey player, winger currently playing for Салават Юлаев (Salavat Yulaev UfaSalavat Yulaev UfaSalavat Yulaev is a professional ice hockey team based in Ufa in the Republic of Bashkortostan, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. They are members of the Chernyshev Division of the Kontinental Hockey League, and were part of Group C of the 2008–09 Champions Hockey League.-History:The...
) of the KHL - Boris RauschenbachBoris RauschenbachBoris Viktorovich Rauschenbach was a prominent Soviet physicist and rocket engineer, who developed the theory and instruments for interplanetary flight control and navigation in 1955-1960s...
, physicist and rocket engineer - Sergei ShepelevSergei ShepelevSergei Mikhailovich Shepelev is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League. He played left wing for HC Spartak Moscow. Internationally, he was a member of the USSR national ice hockey team that won the 1981 Canada Cup and the gold medal at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo...
, former Soviet national ice hockeyIce hockeyIce hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
team member - Aron ZinshteinAron ZinshteinAron Zinshtein is a Russian artist, born in Ural Mountains city of Nizhniy Tagil, in 1947. Presently residing in St. Petersburg, Zinshtein has had his work exhibited around the world. He is a graduate of the Ural School of Applied Arts, 1968; the Mukhina Art Academy, Leningrad...
, painter - Victor StarffinVictor StarffinVictor Starffin , nicknamed , was an ethnic Russian baseball player in Japan and the first professional pitcher in Japan to win three hundred games.-Biography:...
, baseball player - Michail Kyznecov, champion of rowing slalom
- Dmitry LarionovDmitry LarionovDmitry Olegovich Larionov is an Russian slalom canoer who has competed since the late 2000s. He won a bronze medal in the C-2 event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.-References:*...
, champion of rowing slalom - Konstantin NovoselovKonstantin NovoselovKonstantin Sergeevich Novoselov FRS is a Russo-British physicist, most notably known for his works on graphene together with Andre Geim, which earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. Novoselov is currently a member of the mesoscopic physics research group at the University of Manchester as...
, 2010 Nobel Prize winner for his research on Graphene
Twin towns/sister cities
Nizhny Tagil is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Cheb
Cheb
Cheb is a city in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic, with about 33,000 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Ohře , at the foot of one of the spurs of the Smrčiny and near the border with Germany...
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
Brest
Brest, Belarus
Brest , formerly also Brest-on-the-Bug and Brest-Litovsk , is a city in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the city of Terespol, where the Bug River and Mukhavets rivers meet...
, Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
Chattanooga
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Chattanooga is the fourth-largest city in the US state of Tennessee , with a population of 169,887. It is the seat of Hamilton County...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Novokuznetsk
Novokuznetsk
Novokuznetsk is a city in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. It serves as the administrative center of Novokuznetsky District, but it is not administratively a part of it...
, Russia
Miscellaneous
As of 2006, the city mayor was Nikolay Didenko.As of 2008, the city mayor is Valentina Pavlovna Isaeva.
The 42nd Missile division of Strategic Rocket Forces
Strategic Rocket Forces
The Strategic Missile Troops or Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or RVSN RF , transliteration: Raketnye voyska strategicheskogo naznacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, literally Missile Troops of Strategic Designation of the Russian Federation) are a military branch of the Russian...
is based here, equipped with 36 Topol
Topol
- Missiles :* RT-2UTTH Topol M, a Russian intercontinental ballistic missile* RT-2PM Topol, a Russian intercontinental ballistic missile- People :* Chaim Topol , Israeli actor * Edward Topol , Russian writer...
nuclear missiles.
In early 2007, a mass grave with 30 murdered girls and women was found near Nizhny Tagil. They had been abducted in the city by a prostitution gang between 2002 and 2006. See Nizhny Tagil mass murder (2002-2007)
Nizhny Tagil mass murder (2002-2007)
A mass grave with the remains of up to thirty women and girls was found near the Russian town of Nizhny Tagil in early 2007. The first press report appeared in the Russian newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda on February 2nd, 2007....
.
External links
- Official website of Nizhny Tagil
- Information and entertainment portal of Nizhny Tagil
- Official website of Evraz Group, owner of Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat (NTMK)
- Official website of Russian Defense Expo-2005
- Nizhny Tagil for travelers - Sights of Nizhny Tagil
- Recreation and entertainment in Nizhny Tagil
- Portal town Nizhny Tagil
- Photos of Nizhny Tagil
- City portal with social network