Media of Croatia
Encyclopedia
The media of Croatia refers to mass media
outlets based in Croatia
. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising
, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. The Constitution of Croatia
guarantees freedom of speech
and Croatia ranked 62nd in the 2010 Press Freedom Index
report compiled by Reporters Without Borders
.
In broadcasting, the government-funded corporation Croatian Radiotelevision
(HRT) had a monopoly on nationally-aired broadcasting until the late 1990s, although a number of local radio and TV stations began to sprung up since the 1980s. In the years following the fall of communism and th subsequent liberalisation of the media market, HRT was reorganised with its infrastructure branch established as a separate company Transmitters and Communications Ltd
(OiV), and a system in which privately-owned corporations can acquire renewable broadcast license
s at the national and county
levels was adopted. The first national for-profit channel Nova TV thus launched in 2000 and it was joined by RTL four years later in 2004. Both Nova TV and RTL are foreign-owned.
In print media, the market is dominated by the Croatian Europapress Holding
and Austrian Styria Media Group companies which publish their flagship dailies Jutarnji list
, Večernji list
and 24sata. Other widely-read national dailies are Novi list
and the government-owned Vjesnik
. The two most popular current affairs weeklies are Globus
and Nacional
, along with a number of specialised publications, some of which are published by government-sponsored cultural institutions.
In book publishing, the market is dominated by several major publishing houses such as Školska knjiga
, Profil, VBZ, Algoritam and Mozaik and the industry's centrepiece event is the Interliber trade fair held annually in Zagreb and open to public.
Croatia's film industry
is small in size and heavily assisted by the government, mainly through grants approved by the Ministry of Culture
with films often being co-produced by HRT. The ministry also sponsors Pula Film Festival
, the annual national film awards, as well as a variety of specialised international film festivals such as Animafest
and ZagrebDox
, which often feature programs showcasing works by local filmmakers.
in the United States.
The principal television station
in Croatia is HTV, the television branch of the Croatian Radiotelevision
(HRT), which is entirely state-owned and a member of the European Broadcasting Union
. It is required by law to promote the Croatian language
and provide programming which caters to all social groups in the country, and is mainly funded by a compulsory license fee
(collected in monthly installments from all citizens owning a TV set), with additional revenue coming from advertising
. HTV currently broadcasts two free-to-air
channels available throughout the country (HTV1 and HTV2) and a cable channel HRT plus, also broadcast abroad via the Hot Bird 6 satellite.
HTV channels trace their roots to RTV Zagreb which was established in 1956 as a regional division of Yugoslavia's national broadcaster JRT. Their second channel was launched in 1972 and following the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1990 RTV Zagreb was renamed HTV. Conversely, the channels became HTV1 and HTV2, with HTV3 added in 1994. Although a small number of local stations began operating in the 1980s, HTV had a monopoly
on national broadcasting until 2000.
That year HTV3 was shut down and its frequency was taken by the privately owned Nova TV which had won the first public tender for a national-level 10-year broadcast license
in 1999. In 2003 a tender for the fourth national channel was offered, and was won by RTL Televizija
, the Croatian subsidiary of the Bertelsmann
-owned RTL Group
, which came on air in 2004. After competing in the 2003 tender and losing to RTL, the media company Central European Media Enterprises
bought Nova TV in August 2004 for €
24 million. In April 2010 Nova TV's license was renewed for another 15 years.
In addition, in September 2010 the Electronic Media Council granted two new 15-year broadcast licenses in a tender for specialised nationally aired channels, won by Nova TV and RTL. The two new channels (Doma TV and RTL2) are expected to launch by Christmas 2010, and licenses alone will cost them HRK 450,000 (circa €
60,000) per year.
Apart from the nationally aired channels, there is a number of regional and local television stations which lease county-level
licenses. Although they are all privately owned, they are also in part state-funded as the Electronic Media Act stipulates that a percentage of HRT license fees collected from citizens must be invested into the development of local media outlets through Electronic Media Agency's Fund for Promoting Pluralism and Diversification of Electronic Media (Fond za poticanje pluralizma i raznovrsnosti elektroničkih medija). In 2009, the fund granted a total of HRK
31.4 million (€
4.3 million) or 3 percent of license fees collected, to 21 local TV channels and 147 radio stations. In 2010 the largest individual grant among television stations was received by VTV, a local channel based in Varaždin
(HRK 1.1 million), while Radio Istra, a local station covering Istria
, was the largest radio recipient with HRK 182,000.
Local stations with the biggest viewership and budgets are generally the ones based in large and medium-sized cities, such as OTV and Z1
stations in Zagreb, STV
and TV Jadran
in Split, ČKTV
in Čakovec
, RiTV in Rijeka
, etc.
(CATV) is also a popular method of programming delivery in Croatia, and is available in several large cities throughout the country. The biggest cable provider is B.net, established in 2007, which is available in Osijek
, Rijeka, Solin
, Split, Velika Gorica
, Zadar
and Zagreb. As of 2010 some 250,000 households are subscribed to B.net's cable packages. Internet protocol television (IPTV) is also gaining ground in recent years, with most ISP
s offering a wide selection of channels very similar to cable packages.
A basic cable or IPTV package in Croatia traditionally includes:
) and has since entirely switched its three TV channels (HTV1, HTV2 and HRT plus), and three radio stations (HR1, HR2 and HR3) to digital format. The DVB-T
format was first introduced in early 2002. The four nationally broadcast free-to-air
channels (HTV1, HTV2, RTL and Nova TV) were carried via a network of nine main transmitters built by the state-owned company Transmitters and Communications Ltd
(Odašiljači i veze or OiV; formerly a branch of HRT), completed in 2007 and covering about 70 percent of the country. The analogue switch-off process took place gradually region by region during 2010, starting with Istria
and Rijeka
in January and ending with Zagreb
on 5 October 2010 when the entire country was converted to the DVB-T digital format.
), in addition to two religious channels (the Croatian Catholic Radio (Hrvatski katolički radio or HKR) and Radio Marija
) and two for-profit privately-owned stations (Otvoreni Radio and Narodni Radio).
, Večernji list
, Slobodna Dalmacija
, Novi list
and Vjesnik
. In addition to these there are several regional dailies which are available throughout the country even though they mainly present regionally-focused content. Examples of these are Glas Istre
, Glas Slavonije
, Zadarski list, Dubrovački vjesnik, etc.
There are also several specialized dailies. Sportske novosti
and SportPlus provide sports coverage, while Business.hr
and Poslovni dnevnik
cover financial and business-related topics.
The most popular weekly news magazines are Globus
and Nacional
. The Archdiocese of Zagreb also publishes Glas Koncila
, a weekly magazine dedicated to presenting a Catholic perspective on current events and widely distributed in churches. Vijenac
and Zarez are the two most influential bi-weekly magazines covering arts and culture. In addition, there is a wide selection of Croatian editions of international monthlies, such as Cosmopolitan
, Elle
, Grazia
, Men's Health
, National Geographic, GEO
, Le Monde diplomatique
, Playboy
, Reader's Digest
and Forbes
.
for Croatia is .hr
and is administered by CARNet
(Croatian Academic and Research Network). Registrants are classified into a number of different groups with varying rules of domain registrations. Some verifiable form of connection to Croatia - such as being a Croatian citizen or a permanent resident, or a company registered in the country - is common to all of the categories except for the .com.hr subdomain
. Third level domains (example.com.hr) are allowed to be registered by anyone in the world as long as they provide a local contact.
the most visited .hr websites are the Croatian version of Google
followed by news websites Net.hr and Index.hr
and online editions of printed dailies Jutarnji list
and 24sata.
Mass media
Mass media refers collectively to all media technologies which are intended to reach a large audience via mass communication. Broadcast media transmit their information electronically and comprise of television, film and radio, movies, CDs, DVDs and some other gadgets like cameras or video consoles...
outlets based in Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising
Advertising
Advertising is a form of communication used to persuade an audience to take some action with respect to products, ideas, or services. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common...
, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. The Constitution of Croatia
Constitution of Croatia
The current Constitution of the Republic of Croatia was adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia on December 22, 1990. It replaced the Constitution of 1974 ratified in socialist Yugoslavia...
guarantees freedom of speech
Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without censorship. The term freedom of expression is sometimes used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used...
and Croatia ranked 62nd in the 2010 Press Freedom Index
Press Freedom Index
The Press Freedom Index is an annual ranking of countries compiled and published by Reporters Without Borders based upon the organization's assessment of their press freedom records. Small countries, such as Andorra, are excluded from this report...
report compiled by Reporters Without Borders
Reporters Without Borders
Reporters Without Borders is a France-based international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press. It was founded in 1985, by Robert Ménard, Rony Brauman and the journalist Jean-Claude Guillebaud. Jean-François Julliard has served as Secretary General since 2008...
.
In broadcasting, the government-funded corporation Croatian Radiotelevision
Croatian Radiotelevision
Croatian Radiotelevision is a Croatian public broadcasting company. It operates several radio and television channels, over a domestic transmitter network as well as satellite...
(HRT) had a monopoly on nationally-aired broadcasting until the late 1990s, although a number of local radio and TV stations began to sprung up since the 1980s. In the years following the fall of communism and th subsequent liberalisation of the media market, HRT was reorganised with its infrastructure branch established as a separate company Transmitters and Communications Ltd
Odašiljači i veze
Odašiljači i veze d.o.o. is a Croatian limited liability company , digital television and WiMAX operator born from the separation from Croatian Radiotelevision in 2001....
(OiV), and a system in which privately-owned corporations can acquire renewable broadcast license
Broadcast license
A broadcast license or broadcast license is a specific type of spectrum license that grants the licensee the privilege to use a portion of the radio frequency spectrum in a given geographical area for broadcasting purposes. The licenses are generally straddled with additional restrictions that...
s at the national and county
Counties of Croatia
The primary territorial subdivisions of the Republic of Croatia called županije . In English they are commonly referred to as counties....
levels was adopted. The first national for-profit channel Nova TV thus launched in 2000 and it was joined by RTL four years later in 2004. Both Nova TV and RTL are foreign-owned.
In print media, the market is dominated by the Croatian Europapress Holding
Europapress holding
Europapress Holding is the leading media company in Croatia and Southeast Europe, with 5 daily newspapers and more than 30 magazines. According to Media Market Monitor, it is the largest and fastest growing private media company in Southeast Europe...
and Austrian Styria Media Group companies which publish their flagship dailies Jutarnji list
Jutarnji list
Jutarnji list is a daily newspaper in Croatia with a circulation of about 115,000 copies.It was launched in April 1998, becoming the first successful Croatian daily newspaper to appear since the 1950s. It was named after a Zagreb daily that used to circulate before WW2...
, Večernji list
Vecernji list
Večernji list is a Croatian daily newspaper published in Zagreb.The newspaper was started in the 1950s and it is today one of two largest daily newspapers in Croatia...
and 24sata. Other widely-read national dailies are Novi list
Novi list
Novi list is the oldest Croatian daily newspaper published in Rijeka. It is most read in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County of Croatia....
and the government-owned Vjesnik
Vjesnik
Vjesnik is a Croatian daily newspaper, published in Zagreb. Through its history, it has been considered a newspaper of record.The paper was originally printed as a monthly publication by the League of Communists of Croatia starting in 1940...
. The two most popular current affairs weeklies are Globus
Globus (weekly)
Globus is a Croatian weekly news magazine published in Zagreb.The magazine was started in 1990, having some of its first issues published during the Croatian War of Independence. Originally devised as tabloid, it never took an openly chauvinist approach of Slobodni tjednik and always tried to give...
and Nacional
Nacional (weekly)
Nacional is a Croatian weekly newsmagazine published in Zagreb.-History:Nacional was started in 1995 by Denis Kuljiš, Ivo Pukanić and other journalists dissatisfied with the editorial policies of Croatian weekly newspaper Globus. Both publications were hostile to the ruling HDZ government...
, along with a number of specialised publications, some of which are published by government-sponsored cultural institutions.
In book publishing, the market is dominated by several major publishing houses such as Školska knjiga
Školska knjiga
Školska knjiga is one of the largest publishing companies in Croatia. It was established in 1950. Until the mid-1990s it had a virtual monopoly on publishing schoolbooks and this remains its core business....
, Profil, VBZ, Algoritam and Mozaik and the industry's centrepiece event is the Interliber trade fair held annually in Zagreb and open to public.
Croatia's film industry
Cinema of Croatia
The cinema of Croatia has a somewhat shorter tradition than what is common for other Central European countries: the serious beginning of Croatian cinema starts with the rise of the Yugoslavian film industry in the 1940s...
is small in size and heavily assisted by the government, mainly through grants approved by the Ministry of Culture
Ministry of Culture (Croatia)
The Ministry of Culture is a ministry of the Croatian government, whose work is aimed at preserving the cultural and natural heritage and overseeing its development...
with films often being co-produced by HRT. The ministry also sponsors Pula Film Festival
Pula Film Festival
The Pula Film Festival is the oldest Croatian film festival which is held annually in a Roman amphitheater known as the Pula arena since 1954. The festival is usually held in the summer, in July or August....
, the annual national film awards, as well as a variety of specialised international film festivals such as Animafest
Zagreb World Festival of Animated Films
Animafest Zagreb, also known as World Festival of Animated Film in Zagreb, is an annual festival dedicated to animated film held in Zagreb, Croatia. Initiated by the International Animated Film Association, the event was established in 1972 at the time when Croatia was part of SFR Yugoslavia)...
and ZagrebDox
ZagrebDox
ZagrebDox is an international documentary film festival established in 2005 and held annually in Zagreb, Croatia.It is the biggest festival of its kind in South East Europe and its goals are to showcase documentary films from the region as well as to provide a meeting place for authors from all...
, which often feature programs showcasing works by local filmmakers.
Regulation
The main regulatory body for broadcasting is the government's Electronic Media Agency through its Electronic Media Council (Vijeće za elektroničke medije or VEM), which is in charge of reviewing and granting all television and radio broadcast licenses and ensuring that programming is in line within the legal framework set in the Croatian Parliament's Electronic Media Act. This makes it the local equivalent of similar regulatory agencies such as the Federal Communications CommissionFederal Communications Commission
The Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, created, Congressional statute , and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the...
in the United States.
Channels
Television station
A television station is a business, organisation or other such as an amateur television operator that transmits content over terrestrial television. A television transmission can be by analog television signals or, more recently, by digital television. Broadcast television systems standards are...
in Croatia is HTV, the television branch of the Croatian Radiotelevision
Croatian Radiotelevision
Croatian Radiotelevision is a Croatian public broadcasting company. It operates several radio and television channels, over a domestic transmitter network as well as satellite...
(HRT), which is entirely state-owned and a member of the European Broadcasting Union
European Broadcasting Union
The European Broadcasting Union is a confederation of 74 broadcasting organisations from 56 countries, and 49 associate broadcasters from a further 25...
. It is required by law to promote the Croatian language
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
and provide programming which caters to all social groups in the country, and is mainly funded by a compulsory license fee
Television licence
A television licence is an official licence required in many countries for the reception of television broadcasts...
(collected in monthly installments from all citizens owning a TV set), with additional revenue coming from advertising
Advertising
Advertising is a form of communication used to persuade an audience to take some action with respect to products, ideas, or services. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common...
. HTV currently broadcasts two free-to-air
Free-to-air
Free-to-air describes television and radio services broadcast in clear form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to the content without requiring a subscription or one-off fee...
channels available throughout the country (HTV1 and HTV2) and a cable channel HRT plus, also broadcast abroad via the Hot Bird 6 satellite.
HTV channels trace their roots to RTV Zagreb which was established in 1956 as a regional division of Yugoslavia's national broadcaster JRT. Their second channel was launched in 1972 and following the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1990 RTV Zagreb was renamed HTV. Conversely, the channels became HTV1 and HTV2, with HTV3 added in 1994. Although a small number of local stations began operating in the 1980s, HTV had a monopoly
Monopoly
A monopoly exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity...
on national broadcasting until 2000.
That year HTV3 was shut down and its frequency was taken by the privately owned Nova TV which had won the first public tender for a national-level 10-year broadcast license
Broadcast license
A broadcast license or broadcast license is a specific type of spectrum license that grants the licensee the privilege to use a portion of the radio frequency spectrum in a given geographical area for broadcasting purposes. The licenses are generally straddled with additional restrictions that...
in 1999. In 2003 a tender for the fourth national channel was offered, and was won by RTL Televizija
RTL Televizija
RTL Televizija is a Croatian commercial broadcaster with national availability that has been broadcasting since April 30, 2004.RTL Televizija is 74% owned by the RTL Group....
, the Croatian subsidiary of the Bertelsmann
Bertelsmann
Bertelsmann AG is a multinational media corporation founded in 1835, based in Gütersloh, Germany. The company operates in 63 countries and employs 102,983 workers , which makes it the most international media corporation in the world. In 2008 the company reported a €16.118 billion consolidated...
-owned RTL Group
RTL Group
RTL Group is Europe's largest TV, radio and production company, and is majority-owned by German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. It has 45 television and 32 radio stations in 11 countries...
, which came on air in 2004. After competing in the 2003 tender and losing to RTL, the media company Central European Media Enterprises
Central European Media Enterprises
Central European Media Enterprises is a Bermuda-based vertically integrated company. Founded by Ronald Lauder, it owns broadcast, content and new media operations in Central and Eastern Europe...
bought Nova TV in August 2004 for €
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...
24 million. In April 2010 Nova TV's license was renewed for another 15 years.
In addition, in September 2010 the Electronic Media Council granted two new 15-year broadcast licenses in a tender for specialised nationally aired channels, won by Nova TV and RTL. The two new channels (Doma TV and RTL2) are expected to launch by Christmas 2010, and licenses alone will cost them HRK 450,000 (circa €
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...
60,000) per year.
Apart from the nationally aired channels, there is a number of regional and local television stations which lease county-level
Counties of Croatia
The primary territorial subdivisions of the Republic of Croatia called županije . In English they are commonly referred to as counties....
licenses. Although they are all privately owned, they are also in part state-funded as the Electronic Media Act stipulates that a percentage of HRT license fees collected from citizens must be invested into the development of local media outlets through Electronic Media Agency's Fund for Promoting Pluralism and Diversification of Electronic Media (Fond za poticanje pluralizma i raznovrsnosti elektroničkih medija). In 2009, the fund granted a total of HRK
Croatian kuna
The kuna is the currency of Croatia since 1994 . It is subdivided into 100 lipa. The kuna is issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins are minted by the Croatian Monetary Institute....
31.4 million (€
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...
4.3 million) or 3 percent of license fees collected, to 21 local TV channels and 147 radio stations. In 2010 the largest individual grant among television stations was received by VTV, a local channel based in Varaždin
Varaždin
Varaždin is a city in north Croatia, north of Zagreb on the highway A4. The total population is 47,055, with 38,746 on of the city settlement itself . The centre of Varaždin county is located near the Drava river, at...
(HRK 1.1 million), while Radio Istra, a local station covering Istria
Istria
Istria , formerly Histria , is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner...
, was the largest radio recipient with HRK 182,000.
Local stations with the biggest viewership and budgets are generally the ones based in large and medium-sized cities, such as OTV and Z1
Zagrebacka Televizija
Zagrebačka Televizija , also known as Z1 Televizija, is a local commercial television station based in capital city of Croatia, Zagreb. Television started its broadcasting in summer 2004 on one channel, Z1. A notable TV talk show produced and aired on Z1 is the Nightmare Stage by Željko...
stations in Zagreb, STV
Splitska Televizija
Splitska Televizija is a Croatian commercial television station operating in the city of Split, but also since earlier this year they are available through MaxTV system in all other parts of Croatia....
and TV Jadran
TV Jadran
TV Jadran is a Croatian commercial television station, licensed to broadcast in Split-Dalmatia County.It was launched in Split, Croatia, in late 1993 under the name of CATV as cable-only station. Few years later it received a broadcasting license for Split-Dalmatia County and became available to...
in Split, ČKTV
Cakovecka Televizija
Čakovečka televizija, abbreviated ČK TV, is a Croatian regional commercial broadcaster based in Čakovec, the county seat of Međimurje County in the northernmost part of Croatia....
in Čakovec
Cakovec
Čakovec is a city in northern Croatia, located around 90 kilometres north of Zagreb, the Croatian capital. Čakovec is both the county seat and largest city of Međimurje County, the northernmost, smallest and most densely populated Croatian county.-Population:...
, RiTV in Rijeka
Rijeka
Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...
, etc.
Cable television
Cable televisionCable television
Cable television is a system of providing television programs to consumers via radio frequency signals transmitted to televisions through coaxial cables or digital light pulses through fixed optical fibers located on the subscriber's property, much like the over-the-air method used in traditional...
(CATV) is also a popular method of programming delivery in Croatia, and is available in several large cities throughout the country. The biggest cable provider is B.net, established in 2007, which is available in Osijek
Osijek
Osijek is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 83,496 in 2011. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county...
, Rijeka, Solin
Solin
Solin is a town in Dalmatia, Croatia. It is situated northeast of Split, on the Adriatic Sea and the river Jadro.Solin developed on the location of ancient town of Salona which was the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia and the birthplace of Emperor Diocletian...
, Split, Velika Gorica
Velika Gorica
Velika Gorica is the largest and most populous city in Zagreb County, Croatia. The city itself has a population of 31,341, while the municipality has a population of 63,511 inhabitants .Velika Gorica is the centre of the historical Turopolje region....
, Zadar
Zadar
Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
and Zagreb. As of 2010 some 250,000 households are subscribed to B.net's cable packages. Internet protocol television (IPTV) is also gaining ground in recent years, with most ISP
Internet service provider
An Internet service provider is a company that provides access to the Internet. Access ISPs directly connect customers to the Internet using copper wires, wireless or fiber-optic connections. Hosting ISPs lease server space for smaller businesses and host other people servers...
s offering a wide selection of channels very similar to cable packages.
A basic cable or IPTV package in Croatia traditionally includes:
- major Croatian channels (HTV1, HTV2, Nova TV and RTL)
- a mix of major networks from neighbouring countries (Bosnian OBNTelevizija OBNTelevizija OBN is a local television network broadcasting a TV channel in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Headquarters of this TV is in Sarajevo, Pofalići neighborhood....
, FTV and HayatNTV HayatHayat TV is a television station from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.It is a privately-owned TV station, which started airing on February 24, 1992. Its coverage is over 1.5 million people in Bosnia, numerous cable subscribers in the neighbouring countries, and satellite viewers. Hayat TV...
, Serbian RTS SATRadio Television of SerbiaRadio Television of Serbia or Serbian Broadcasting Corporation is the public broadcaster in Serbia. It broadcasts and produces a variety of news, drama, and sports programming through radio, television and the Internet. RTS is, since July 2001, a member of the European Broadcasting Union. RTS is...
, Slovenian SLO1 and SLO2Radiotelevizija SlovenijaRadiotelevizija Slovenija – usually abbreviated to RTV Slovenija – is Slovenia's national public broadcasting organization. Based in the country's capital, Ljubljana, it has regional broadcasting centres in Koper and Maribor and correspondents around Slovenia, Europe and the world...
, Italian Rai 1 and Rai 2, Austrian ORF1ORF1ORF eins is an Austrian television channel. It was the first television channel in Austria, started in 1955.ORF eins is one of four public TV channels in Austria. ORF eins broadcasts TV series and featured films, whereas ORF2 focuses on cultural programming and information. ORF Sport Plus is the...
and ORF2ORF2ORF2 is an Austrian television channel owned by ORF.ORF2 was launched on 11 September 1961 as a technical test programme. Since 1970, ORF2 broadcasts on seven days a week. Today it is one of the three public TV channels in Austria.Where as ORF1 focuses on tv series and movies, ORF2 broadcasts...
) - a selection of local TV stations (OTV, Z1, ČKTV, STV, TV Jadran, etc.)
Digital conversion
Analogue terrestrial television was switched off in Croatia on 5 October 2010 for national TV stations, although some local stations still broadcast analogue signal. HRT first started transmitting in digital programming in 1997 (in DVB-SDVB-S
DVB-S is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting — Satellite; it is the original Digital Video Broadcasting forward error coding and demodulation standard for satellite television and dates from 1994, in its first release, while development lasted from 1993 to 1997...
) and has since entirely switched its three TV channels (HTV1, HTV2 and HRT plus), and three radio stations (HR1, HR2 and HR3) to digital format. The DVB-T
DVB-T
DVB-T is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial; it is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in the UK in 1998...
format was first introduced in early 2002. The four nationally broadcast free-to-air
Free-to-air
Free-to-air describes television and radio services broadcast in clear form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to the content without requiring a subscription or one-off fee...
channels (HTV1, HTV2, RTL and Nova TV) were carried via a network of nine main transmitters built by the state-owned company Transmitters and Communications Ltd
Odašiljači i veze
Odašiljači i veze d.o.o. is a Croatian limited liability company , digital television and WiMAX operator born from the separation from Croatian Radiotelevision in 2001....
(Odašiljači i veze or OiV; formerly a branch of HRT), completed in 2007 and covering about 70 percent of the country. The analogue switch-off process took place gradually region by region during 2010, starting with Istria
Istria
Istria , formerly Histria , is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner...
and Rijeka
Rijeka
Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...
in January and ending with Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
on 5 October 2010 when the entire country was converted to the DVB-T digital format.
Radio broadcasting
Croatia is served by a large number of radio stations, with eight channels being broadcasted on a national level. Four of these are operated by HRT (HR1, HR2, HR3 and Glas HrvatskeVoice of Croatia
The International programme of Croatian Radio "Voice of Croatia" is the international service of Croatian state radio on shortwave, mediumwave and via satellite....
), in addition to two religious channels (the Croatian Catholic Radio (Hrvatski katolički radio or HKR) and Radio Marija
Radio Maria
Radio Maria is an international Catholic radio broadcasting service founded in Erba, province of Como, in the diocese of Milan in 1983. The World Family of Radio Maria was formed in 1998 and today has branches in 55 countries around the world...
) and two for-profit privately-owned stations (Otvoreni Radio and Narodni Radio).
Print media
There are several major daily newspapers in Croatia, including Jutarnji listJutarnji list
Jutarnji list is a daily newspaper in Croatia with a circulation of about 115,000 copies.It was launched in April 1998, becoming the first successful Croatian daily newspaper to appear since the 1950s. It was named after a Zagreb daily that used to circulate before WW2...
, Večernji list
Vecernji list
Večernji list is a Croatian daily newspaper published in Zagreb.The newspaper was started in the 1950s and it is today one of two largest daily newspapers in Croatia...
, Slobodna Dalmacija
Slobodna Dalmacija
Slobodna Dalmacija is a Croatian daily newspaper published in Split.The first issue of Slobodna Dalmacija was published on June 17, 1943 by Tito's Partisans in a cave on Mosor, a mountain near Split, which was occupied by the Italian army during that time. The paper was later published in various...
, Novi list
Novi list
Novi list is the oldest Croatian daily newspaper published in Rijeka. It is most read in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County of Croatia....
and Vjesnik
Vjesnik
Vjesnik is a Croatian daily newspaper, published in Zagreb. Through its history, it has been considered a newspaper of record.The paper was originally printed as a monthly publication by the League of Communists of Croatia starting in 1940...
. In addition to these there are several regional dailies which are available throughout the country even though they mainly present regionally-focused content. Examples of these are Glas Istre
Glas Istre
Glas Istre is a Croatian regional daily newspaper published in Pula which mainly covers stories of interest from the Istria region in the northwest of the country...
, Glas Slavonije
Glas Slavonije
Glas Slavonije is a local daily newspaper in Slavonia, Croatia. , its average daily circulation is c. 9000, making it the 7th largest daily newspaper in Croatia.-External links:**...
, Zadarski list, Dubrovački vjesnik, etc.
There are also several specialized dailies. Sportske novosti
Sportske novosti
Sportske novosti is a Croatian daily sports newspaper based in Zagreb.It was first published as a weekly magazine on 9 August 1945 . It changed its name to Narodni sport on 10 December 1945...
and SportPlus provide sports coverage, while Business.hr
Business.hr
Business.hr is a Croatian daily business newspaper and website based in Zagreb. The newspaper is published in compact format and was originally launched as a business weekly in late 2005, before becoming a daily newspaper in March 2008....
and Poslovni dnevnik
Poslovni dnevnik
Poslovni dnevnik is a Croatian daily business newspaper published in Zagreb. The newspaper was launched in March 2004, and it claims to be "the first Croatian business daily"...
cover financial and business-related topics.
The most popular weekly news magazines are Globus
Globus (weekly)
Globus is a Croatian weekly news magazine published in Zagreb.The magazine was started in 1990, having some of its first issues published during the Croatian War of Independence. Originally devised as tabloid, it never took an openly chauvinist approach of Slobodni tjednik and always tried to give...
and Nacional
Nacional (weekly)
Nacional is a Croatian weekly newsmagazine published in Zagreb.-History:Nacional was started in 1995 by Denis Kuljiš, Ivo Pukanić and other journalists dissatisfied with the editorial policies of Croatian weekly newspaper Globus. Both publications were hostile to the ruling HDZ government...
. The Archdiocese of Zagreb also publishes Glas Koncila
Glas Koncila
Glas Koncila is a Croatian, Roman Catholic, weekly newspaper published in Zagreb and distributed throughout the country.- Publishing history :...
, a weekly magazine dedicated to presenting a Catholic perspective on current events and widely distributed in churches. Vijenac
Vijenac
Vijenac is a biweekly magazine for literature, art and science, established in December 1993 and published by Matica hrvatska, the central national cultural institution in Croatia.-Historical background:...
and Zarez are the two most influential bi-weekly magazines covering arts and culture. In addition, there is a wide selection of Croatian editions of international monthlies, such as Cosmopolitan
Cosmopolitan (magazine)
Cosmopolitan is an international magazine for women. It was first published in 1886 in the United States as a family magazine, was later transformed into a literary magazine and eventually became a women's magazine in the late 1960s...
, Elle
Elle (magazine)
Elle is a worldwide magazine of French origin that focuses on women's fashion, beauty, health, and entertainment. Elle is also the world's largest fashion magazine. It was founded by Pierre Lazareff and his wife Hélène Gordon in 1945. The title, in French, means "she".-History:Elle was founded in...
, Grazia
Grazia
Grazia is an Italian weekly women's fashion and celebrity gossip magazine, with international editions printed in France, Serbia, Australia, United Kingdom, Greece, Portugal, Japan, the Netherlands, India, Bulgaria and Germany....
, Men's Health
Men's Health (magazine)
Men's Health , published by Rodale Inc. in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, United States, is the world’s largest men’s magazine brand, with 44 editions around the world. It is also the best-selling men's magazine on U.S. newsstands. It covers fitness, nutrition, sexuality, lifestyle and other aspects of...
, National Geographic, GEO
GEO (magazine)
GEO is a family of educational monthly magazines similar to the National Geographic magazine. It is known for its profound reports, which are accompanied by opulent pictures.The first edition appeared in Germany in 1976...
, Le Monde diplomatique
Le Monde diplomatique
Le Monde diplomatique is a monthly newspaper offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. It was first created mainly for a diplomatic audience as its name implies...
, Playboy
Playboy
Playboy is an American men's magazine that features photographs of nude women as well as journalism and fiction. It was founded in Chicago in 1953 by Hugh Hefner and his associates, and funded in part by a $1,000 loan from Hefner's mother. The magazine has grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc., with...
, Reader's Digest
Reader's Digest
Reader's Digest is a general interest family magazine, published ten times annually. Formerly based in Chappaqua, New York, its headquarters is now in New York City. It was founded in 1922, by DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace...
and Forbes
Forbes
Forbes is an American publishing and media company. Its flagship publication, the Forbes magazine, is published biweekly. Its primary competitors in the national business magazine category are Fortune, which is also published biweekly, and Business Week...
.
Internet
The Internet country code top-level domainCountry code top-level domain
A country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
for Croatia is .hr
.hr
- Details :The .hr domain is administered by CARNet - Croatian Academic and Research Network, via the CARNet DNS Committee which determines policy, and the CARNet DNS Service which handles day-to-day matters. The Committee is composed of members generally associated with the academic community...
and is administered by CARNet
CARNet
CARNet is the national research and education network of Croatia. It is funded from the government budget and it operates from offices in Zagreb and five other cities....
(Croatian Academic and Research Network). Registrants are classified into a number of different groups with varying rules of domain registrations. Some verifiable form of connection to Croatia - such as being a Croatian citizen or a permanent resident, or a company registered in the country - is common to all of the categories except for the .com.hr subdomain
Subdomain
In the Domain Name System hierarchy, a subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain.- Overview :The Domain Name System has a tree structure or hierarchy, with each node on the tree being a domain name. A subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain, the only domain that is not...
. Third level domains (example.com.hr) are allowed to be registered by anyone in the world as long as they provide a local contact.
the most visited .hr websites are the Croatian version of Google
Google
Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program...
followed by news websites Net.hr and Index.hr
Index.hr
Index.hr is an internet-only Croatian daily tabloid launched in November 2002 and based in Zagreb. The news site covers politics, business, sports, show business, and features columns covering everything from gossip to political commentary....
and online editions of printed dailies Jutarnji list
Jutarnji list
Jutarnji list is a daily newspaper in Croatia with a circulation of about 115,000 copies.It was launched in April 1998, becoming the first successful Croatian daily newspaper to appear since the 1950s. It was named after a Zagreb daily that used to circulate before WW2...
and 24sata.
See also
- Telecommunications in Croatia
- List of radio stations in Croatia
- List of newspapers in Croatia
- List of magazines in Croatia
- List of Croatian language television channels
External links
- Croatia at the Reporters Without BordersReporters Without BordersReporters Without Borders is a France-based international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press. It was founded in 1985, by Robert Ménard, Rony Brauman and the journalist Jean-Claude Guillebaud. Jean-François Julliard has served as Secretary General since 2008...
website - Croatia at PressReference.com