Cinema of Croatia
Encyclopedia
The cinema of Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
has a somewhat shorter tradition than what is common for other Central European countries: the serious beginning of Croatian cinema starts with the rise of the Yugoslavian film industry in the 1940s. Three Croatian feature films were nominated for the Foreign Language Film Academy Award, several of them gained awards at major festivals, and the Croatian contribution in the field of animation is particularly important.
Before World War II
Although motion pictures appeared in Croatia relatively early, for most of the 20th Century film was almost exclusively the domain of a few dedicated amateur enthusiasts, most notably Josip Karaman in SplitSplit (city)
Split is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its wide port bay. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and...
and, later, Oktavijan Miletić
Oktavijan Miletic
Oktavijan Miletić was a Croatian cinematographer and director. His avant-garde work in the period from 1928 to 1945 remains as one of the foundations of Croatian film....
in Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
. Croatia lacked the political, economic and cultural infrastructure to support its own cinema industry. The most serious effort in that direction before World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
was the series of educational films produced by Škola narodnog zdravlja.
World War II
The cinema of Croatia became an institution after the establishment of the Independent State of CroatiaIndependent State of Croatia
The Independent State of Croatia was a World War II puppet state of Nazi Germany, established on a part of Axis-occupied Yugoslavia. The NDH was founded on 10 April 1941, after the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers. All of Bosnia and Herzegovina was annexed to NDH, together with some parts...
(NDH) in 1941. The new Ustasha regime quickly realised the need for modern propaganda tools modeled on those of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
and Fascist Italy
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...
. After serious lobbying of these two governments for technical advice and resources, the first propaganda films were made in late 1941. Croatian filmmakers like Branko Marjanović
Branko Marjanović
Branko Marjanovic was a Croatian film director and editor.He graduated from drama school in Zagreb, a movie experience gained in Prague and work on educational film in Zagreb....
learned very quickly and the 1943 documentary Straža na Drini
Straža na Drini
Straža na Drini is a 1942 documentary war film directed by Branko Marjanović. The film was edited from the episodes of the weekly Ustasha newswreel...
later won the prestigious Golden Lion award at the Venice Film Festival
Venice Film Festival
The Venice International Film Festival is the oldest international film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the...
, attended by Axis power
Axis Powers
The Axis powers , also known as the Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, was an alignment of great powers during the mid-20th century that fought World War II against the Allies. It began in 1936 with treaties of friendship between Germany and Italy and between Germany and...
countries. After the collapse of NDH in 1945, Tito
Josip Broz Tito
Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
's victorious Communists also recognised the importance of the film industry and decided to build their own. Many technicians and co-workers of the Ustasha propaganda cinema industry during the war were in fact double agents working for the partisan side, with one main task: to keep the technical facilities untouched upon the collapse of NDH. Therefore, the new regime inherited the technical equipment, and more importantly trained personnel, including directors and top officials. The result of such a policy was the rapid development of the Croatian film industry, although initially under jurisdiction of the federal government in Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
.
Early communist period
In 1947 Jadran FilmJadran Film
Jadran Film is a film production studio and distribution company founded in 1946 in Zagreb, Croatia. In the period between the early 1960s and late 1980s Jadran Film was one of the biggest and most notable film studios in Central Europe, with some 145 international and around 120 Yugoslav...
studios were founded in Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
.
Zagreb Animation School
Zagreb also stood out with its own animation film school, Zagrebačka škola crtanog filma (Zagreb Cartoon School). It was given that name at the Cannes film festival in 1959, when eight Zagreb cartoons were screened, and the French film historian Georges Sadoul first time named "l'école de Zagreb" (Zagreb School). The school was based on the production company Zagreb FilmZagreb Film
Zagreb Film is a Croatian film-producing company from Zagreb, founded in 1953. They have produced hundreds of animated films, documentaries, television commercials, educational films and several feature films....
, famous for its symbol - a little horse. The most notable member of school (which was never a school in a proper, educational sense) was Montenegro-born author Dušan Vukotić, winner of the 1963 Oscar for his animated short Surogat. He was the first non-American to win the Oscar for animated film. Other important members were Vatroslav Mimica (later a feature filmmaker), and Vlado Kristl
Vlado Kristl
Vladislav "Vlado" Kristl was a filmmaker and artist from Zagreb, Croatia, best known for his celebrated animations and short films....
, who left Croatia in early 60s after the banning of his avant-garde, experimental cartoon "Don Kihot"(Don Quixote). The Zagreb school was revolutionary for the animations of the 50s, because it abandoned the Disney-like cartoon style, and introduced visual elements of avant-garde abstract painting, constructivism and cubism. A failure of the school was that it never experimented with other animation techniques than cartoons. Also, it never reached level of proper industry, remaining more like an artistic workshop. The Zagreb school was lively and successful during the 60s and early 70s, but after that Croatian animation faded and today it does not have the global role it use to have.
First Golden Era: Late 50s
Croatian feature films at that time were not easily distinguishable from the rest of the films made in former Yugoslavia, mostly due to the free flow of resources and talents. It has its first serious peak Croatian feature cinema reaches in late 50s, when Croatian films are probably most mature in then young Yugoslav production. Most important author of that era is Branko BauerBranko Bauer
-Early life:Bauer became interested in cinema as a school boy, influenced by a Jewish girl, a piano player, who was hiding from Ustaše in his parents' home. After World War II, he began working in the Zagreb-based Jadran Film studio as a documentary filmmaker...
, Dubrovnik-born director whose most famous film is urban war thriller Don't Turn Around Son (Ne okreći se, sine, 1956). Loosely based on Carol Reed's film Odd Man Out, film describes a destiny of the fugitive from Ustasha camp who comes to Zagreb to find his son, realising that kid is at the Ustasha boarding school, and completely brainwashed. Hero struggles to leave Zagreb with his son, while deluding him all the way about the goal of their trip. Among other important Bauer's film important is Tri Ane (Three Annas, 1959), produced in Macedonia, about the father who finds out that his daughter, presumably killed in war, could be alive and adult person. Bauer's film Licem u lice (Face To Face, 1962) tells the story about corrupted director of the construction company who confronts the rebel worker during the communist party cell meeting. It is considered as first overtly political film in Yugoslavia. Other memorable 50s classic is Nikola Tanhofer
Nikola Tanhofer
Nikola Tanhofer was a Croatian film director, screenwriter and cinematographer. His film It Was Not in Vain was entered into the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.-Filmography:* Plavi 9...
, former cinematographer and specialist for action genres. His most famous film is H8 (1958), reconstruction of the real traffic accident when several passengers of the intercity bus between Zagreb and Belgrade were killed, and driver of the car who caused the accident escaped. Following in parallel three vehicles and dozen of picturesque destiny, H8 offers a mosaical picture of late 50s society, and it's dramaturgy resembles on a - then nonexistent - disaster movies genre. In that period, two Croatian films were Academy Award nominees for foreign language film. Both of them were directed by guests from abroad: Italian Giuseppe De Santis (Cesta duga godina dana - A Road One Year Long, 1958), and Slovenian France Štiglic
France Štiglic
France Štiglic was a Slovenian film director and screenwriter. His 1948 film On Our Own Land was entered into the 1949 Cannes Film Festival...
(Deveti krug - Ninth Circle, 1960).
Modernism
In the 60s, Croatian cinema is affected by changes of style and embraces modernism. First established modernist film was Prometej s otoka Viševice (Promaetheus from Island Viševica, 1965) by former cartoonist Vatroslav Mimica. While using technique of the stream-of consciousness novel, Mimica tells a story about partisan veteran and communist executive who travels to a native island and faces ghosts of the post war past. Among other famous modernist classics, most significant is Rondo (1965) by Zvonimir Berković, and Breza (Birch, 1967) by Ante Babaja. Most popular author of that era was Krešo Golik, with his comedies. Most popular of his film is Tko pjeva zlo ne misliTko pjeva zlo ne misli
One Song a Day Takes Mischief Away is a 1970 Croatian film. Its original title is Tko pjeva zlo ne misli, which means "He Who Sings Means No Harm"...
(Who Sings Doesn't Mean Wrong, 1970), romantic comedy set in the 30s Zagreb. Croatia also participated in pan-Yugoslav "black wave", although best authors and films of the black wave were Serbian. Most famous black wave classic from Croatia is Lisice (Handcuffs, 1969, by Krsto Papić
Krsto Papic
Krsto Papić is a Croatian screenwriter and film director whose career spans several decades....
), film which is politically relevant because it is a first cultural product which dealt with hushed secret of Yugoslav communism: repression against communists who stood by Stalin in famous breakup between Tito and Stalin in 1948.
In the early 1970s, following Yugoslav constitutional changes, Croatia gained more autonomy in shaping its cultural affairs. This, ironically, didn't improved the Croatian film industry. Following the collapse of the Croatian Spring
Croatian Spring
The Croatian Spring was a political movement from the early 1970s that called for greater rights for Croatia which was then part of Yugoslavia as well as democratic and economic reforms.-History:...
, Croatian Communist authorities in 1970s pushed for tighter control over films. As a result, the general quality of Croatian films declined.
Prague School and Genre Cinema
Fresh air in Yugoslav cinema came in late 70s and early 80s with so-called Prague School, group of authors educated at the famous Prague Academy FAMU. Amongst five directors usually presumed as Prague School, two came from Croatia: Lordan ZafranovićLordan Zafranovic
Lordan Zafranović is currently "the most controversial Croatian cineaste".-First films:After receiving a degree in literature and visual arts at the University of Split, Zafranović enrolled at the famous FAMU in Prague where he studied film directing and where he eventually graduated in 1981...
, and Rajko Grlić
Rajko Grlic
Rajko Grlić is Yugoslav film director and producer from Croatia of Jewish and Serbian decent...
. Grlić's most famous film is You Only Love Once (Samo jednom se ljubi, 1981), political melodrama which discusses the moral decay of the early communist establishment in late 40s. Film was in Cannes competitions. Lordan Zafranović's most famous films were Okupacija u 26 slika (Occupation in 26 Pictures) and Pad Italije (The Fall of Italy
The Fall of Italy
The Fall of Italy , is a 1981 Yugoslav war film directed by Lordan Zafranović.It won the Big Golden Arena for Best Film at the 1981 Pula Film Festival.-External links:* at Filmski-Programi.hr...
), both of them war films in coastal Dalmatian setting, and both screened in Cannes festival.
Interesting phenomenon of the 80s Croatian cinema is so-called "neo-genre" production, works of directors who used Western commercial genres as horror, thriller, or detective movie and implemented it in late-communist society. Most famous author of that trend is Zoran Tadić, with its metaphysical, black-and-white thriller Ritam zločina
Ritam zločina
Ritam zločina is a Croatian film directed by Zoran Tadić. It was released in 1981....
(Rhythm of the Crime, 1981), and horror Treći kljuć (The Third Key
The Third Key
The Third Key is a Croatian film directed by Zoran Tadić. It was released in 1983.-Sources:* *...
, 1983), which discusses the problem of corruption through kafkaesque metaphor.
90s: period of crisis
When Croatia became independent in the 90s, Croatian film suffers a difficult crisis. Due to wars, the market for Croatian films shrank, most of the theatres disappeared for good and none of Croatian films could expect to be financially viable without even greater support from the state. In the period of rule of Franjo Tuđman, government avoided direct censorship, but demanded more nationalist content, making it less accessible not only to audiences in other countries, but also in Croatia itself.Croatian Film Today: Third Golden Era
After the political changes in 2000, Croatian cinema proved it could work in a completely free environment for the first time. As a result, at the beginning of this decade Croatian cinema flourishes again, and many critics write about "third golden era" (after the 1950s and 1960s). On of the most popular authors in the contemporary Croatian cinema is Vinko BrešanVinko Brešan
Vinko Brešan is a Croatian film director who emerged into international renown with three critically acclaimed and award-winning films that, each in its own way, broke some of the perceived taboos of Croatian cinema in the 1990s....
whose comedies Kako je počeo rat na mom otoku (How the war on my island started, 1997), and Maršal (Marshal Tito's Spirit, 1999) mix grotesque humor and political provocation. Brešan's war drama Svjedoci (Witnesses, based on a novel by Jurica Pavičić
Jurica Pavičić
Jurica Pavičić is a Croatian writer, columnist and film critic.Pavičić's screenplay for Witnesses , Vinko Brešan's 2003 film, won the Golden Arena for Best Screenplay in the 2003 Pula Film Festival...
) was the first feature film from countries of former Yugoslavia which discussed the war crimes committed by "our guys", not the enemy. Film was screened in competition at the Berlin Film Festival in 2003. A Wonderful Night in Split
A Wonderful Night in Split
A Wonderful Night in Split is a 2004 Croatian drama film directed by Arsen Anton Ostojić featuring an ensemble cast starring Nives Ivanković, Marinko Prga, Marija Škaričić, Dino Dvornik and Coolio.- Synopsis :...
(Ta divna splitska noć, 2004) by Arsen A. Ostojić received a nomination for the European Discovery EFA award, and Tu (Here, 2003) by Zrinko Ogresta
Zrinko Ogresta
Zrinko Ogresta is an acclaimed Croatian screenwriter and film director.-Filmography:* Fragments: Chronicle of a Vanishing - writer and director...
was awarded at the Karlovy Vary Film Festival
Karlovy Vary International Film Festival
The Karlovy Vary International Film Festival is a film festival held annually in July in Karlovy Vary , Czech Republic. The Karlovy Vary Festival gained worldwide recognition over the past years and has become one of Europe's major film events....
. Among other distinguished contemporary directors, internationally most recognized is Ognjen Sviličić
Ognjen Svilicic
Ognjen Sviličić is a Croatian screenwriter and film director noted for his critically acclaimed 2007 film Armin.-Career:...
, whose two films premiered at the Berlin Film Festival - Oprosti za kung fu (Sorry about Kung Fu, 2004) and Armin
Armin (film)
Armin is a Croatian/Bosnian drama film directed by Ognjen Sviličić that premiered at the 2007 Berlin Film Festival.-Plot:The film follows Ibro and his son Armin , who travel from a small town in Bosnia to a film audition in Zagreb, hoping to land a part for Armin in a German film about the war in...
(2006). Armin was also Croatia's submission for the 2008 Academy Award
80th Academy Awards
The 80th Academy Awards ceremony honored the best films in 2007 and was broadcast from the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, California on ABC beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST/8:30 p.m. EST, February 24, 2008 . During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards in 24...
, and although it didn't earn a nomination in the Best Foreign Language Film category, it did nevertheless receive the prestigious Best Foreign Film of 2007 Award given by the International Federation of Film Critics
FIPRESCI
The International Federation of Film Critics is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in...
.
Croatian cinema regularly produces between 6 and 9 feature films per year. Ministry of culture also cofinances approximately 60 minutes of animation per year, plus documentaries and experimental films which have a bigger cultural prestige in Croatia then in other countries of former Yugoslavia. National cinema attendances average at 2.7 million tickets bought by a population of around 4.5 million.
Croats in World Cinema
Many Croats participated in world cinema. Italian stars Alida ValliAlida Valli
Alida Valli , sometimes simply credited as Valli, was an Italian actress who appeared in more than 100 films, including Mario Soldati's Piccolo mondo antico, Alfred Hitchcock's The Paradine Case, Carol Reed's The Third Man, Michelangelo Antonioni's Il Grido, Luchino Visconti's Senso, Bernardo...
, Laura Antonelli
Laura Antonelli
Laura Antonelli is a retired Italian film actress, who appeared in 45 movies between 1965 and 1991.- Early years :Antonelli was born Laura Antonaz in Pola, then capital of the province of Istria, Italy ....
, Gianni Garko
Gianni Garko
Gianni Garko is an Italian actor who found much fame as a leading man in Spaghetti Westerns...
and Sylva Koscina
Sylva Koscina
Sylva Koscina was an Italian actress.-Biography:...
were born on today's Croatian territory (Pula
Pula
Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
, Zadar
Zadar
Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
and Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
). Famous actor Rade Šerbedžija
Rade Šerbedžija
Rade Šerbedžija , occasionally credited as Rade Sherbedgia in some English-language productions, is a Croatian actor, director and musician of Serb origin. He was one of the most popular Yugoslav actors in the 1970s and 1980s. He is now internationally known mainly for his supporting roles in...
(Sherbedgia) was born in Croatia. Actor starring in the ER TV series
ER (TV series)
ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994 to April 2, 2009. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Entertainment, in association with Warner Bros. Television...
, Goran Višnjić
Goran Višnjic
Goran Višnjić is a Croatian actor who has appeared in American and British films and television productions. He is best known for his role as Dr. Luka Kovač in the hit television series ER...
, is Croatian, as well as the two time Academy Award winner producer Branko Lustig
Branko Lustig
Branko Lustig is a prominent Croatian Jewish film producer. He is the only person born in Croatia to have won two Academy Awards.-Early life:...
, and actress Mira Furlan
Mira Furlan
Mira Furlan is a Croatian actress and singer currently residing in the United States. She is well known for her roles as the Minbari Ambassador Delenn on all five seasons of the science fiction television series Babylon 5 , and Danielle Rousseau on Lost.-Early life:Furlan was born to an...
, known for her roles in Babylon 5
Babylon 5
Babylon 5 is an American science fiction television series created, produced and largely written by J. Michael Straczynski. The show centers on a space station named Babylon 5: a focal point for politics, diplomacy, and conflict during the years 2257–2262...
and Lost
Lost (TV series)
Lost is an American television series that originally aired on ABC from September 22, 2004 to May 23, 2010, consisting of six seasons. Lost is a drama series that follows the survivors of the crash of a commercial passenger jet flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, on a mysterious tropical island...
TV series. Furthermore, John Malkovich
John Malkovich
John Gavin Malkovich is an American actor, producer, director and fashion designer with his label Technobohemian. Over the last 25 years of his career, Malkovich has appeared in more than 70 motion pictures. For his roles in Places in the Heart and In the Line of Fire, he received Academy Award...
and Australian-born Eric Bana
Eric Bana
Eric Bana is an Australian film and television actor. He began his career as a comedian in the sketch comedy series Full Frontal before gaining critical recognition in the biopic Chopper...
are of Croatian ancestry.
Others are Denise Richards
Denise Richards
Denise Lee Richards is an American actress and former fashion model of Croatian and Welsh descent. She has appeared in films including Starship Troopers, Wild Things, and The World Is Not Enough...
, Vanna White
Vanna White
Vanna White is an American television personality and film actress best known as the hostess of Wheel of Fortune since 1982.-Early life:...
, Patrick Muldoon
Patrick Muldoon
Patrick Muldoon is an American actor.-Early life:Muldoon was born in San Pedro, California, the son of Deanna, a homemaker, and William Patrick Muldoon II, a personal injury lawyer. He is of Irish descent on his father's side and of Croatian descent on his mother's side...
, Rick Rossovich
Rick Rossovich
Rick Rossovich is an American actor.Rossovich was born Frederic Enrico Rossovich in Palo Alto, California. His brother, Tim Rossovich, is a former professional football player and also an actor.-Career:...
, Jenna Elfman
Jenna Elfman
Jennifer Mary "Jenna" Elfman is an American television and film actress. She is known for her role as Dharma on the ABC sitcom Dharma & Greg and as Billie on the short-lived CBS sitcom Accidentally on Purpose....
, Ivana Miličević
Ivana Milicevic
-Early life:Miličević was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina to a Croatian family, the daughter of Tonka, a homemaker, and Damir Miličević, a slaughterhouse worker and entrepreneur. She emigrated to the United States at the age of five and was raised in Michigan...
, Cary Elwes
Cary Elwes
Ivan Simon Cary Elwes , known professionally as Cary Elwes, is an English actor. The son of Dominick Elwes and Tessa Georgina Kennedy, Elwes acted in off-Broadway plays during college and moved to the United States in the early 1980s. He is known for his role as Westley in the cult classic The...
, Scott Bakula
Scott Bakula
Scott Stewart Bakula is an American actor, known for his role as Sam Beckett in the television series Quantum Leap, for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama in 1991 and was nominated for four Emmy Awards. He also had a prominent role as Captain Jonathan...
, Filip Benko, and Rafael Primorac
Rafael Primorac
Rafael Primorac is a Croatian film producer, who lives and works in the United States. He studied film at the Academy of Dramatic Art, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Primorac entered the world of film production in 1975 as a PA in Cross of Iron, directed by the legendary Sam Peckinpah, starring...
.
Croatian film festivals
- Pula Film FestivalPula Film FestivalThe Pula Film Festival is the oldest Croatian film festival which is held annually in a Roman amphitheater known as the Pula arena since 1954. The festival is usually held in the summer, in July or August....
- Motovun Film FestivalMotovun Film FestivalMotovun Film Festival is an annual film festival established in 1999 and held in Motovun, Croatia. It usually takes place over 5–6 days in late July or early August...
- Zagreb Film FestivalZagreb Film FestivalZagreb Film Festival is an annual film festival established in 2003 and held in Zagreb, Croatia.The festival features three separate international competition programs , and one competition program for short films made by Croatian authors...
- ZagrebDoxZagrebDoxZagrebDox is an international documentary film festival established in 2005 and held annually in Zagreb, Croatia.It is the biggest festival of its kind in South East Europe and its goals are to showcase documentary films from the region as well as to provide a meeting place for authors from all...
- Split Film FestivalSplit Film FestivalSplit Film Festival or Split International Festival of New Film, is one of the oldest film and video festivals in Croatia that showcases new, creative, personal, radical works of all styles, themes, genres and lengths, whether film, or new media, preferably from outside the mainstream...
External links
- POVIJEST HRVATSKOGA FILMA / KRONOLOŠKI PREGLED
- Discover Croatia (p. 6-33)
- http://www.culturenet.hr/print.aspx?id=50
- Young Croatian Film
- Moving into the Frame
- Croatian Film in the Yugoslav Context in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century, by Ivo ŠkrabaloIvo ŠkrabaloIvo Škrabalo was a Croatian film critic, screenwriter, and member of parliament.Škrabalo was born in Sombor, where he finished elementary and high school before moving to Zagreb in 1952...
- History of cinema in Croatia