Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
Encyclopedia
Maximilian II also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach
ruler of Bavaria
and an elector (Kurfürst
) of the Holy Roman Empire
. He was also the last Governor of the Spanish Netherlands and duke of Luxembourg
. An able soldier, his ambition led to conflicts that limited his ultimate dynastic achievements.
He was born in Munich
to Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria
and Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
(d.1676). His maternal grandparents were Victor Amadeus I of Savoy and Christine Marie of France
. Christine Marie was the second daughter of Henry IV of France
and his second wife Marie de' Medici
.
's regency until 1680. By 1683 he was already embarked on a military career, fighting in the defense of Vienna
against the attempt of the Ottoman Empire
to extend their possessions further into Europe
. He returned to court for long enough to marry Maria Antonia, daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
and Margaret Theresa of Spain
, on 15 July 1685 in Vienna
, Austria
. This marriage was very unhappy since the couple disliked each other, but it was successful in producing a desired heir for both Bavaria and the Spanish monarchy.
Maximilian Emanuel's fame was assured when, in 1688, he led the capture of Belgrade
from the Turks, with the full support of Serbian insurgents under the command of Jovan Monasterlija. In the War of the Grand Alliance
he again fought on the Habsburg
s' side, protected the Rhine frontier, and, being the Emperor's son-in-law and the husband of the King of Spain's niece, was appointed governor
of the Spanish Netherlands in late 1691.
, after having given birth to a son, Joseph Ferdinand, who became the rightful heir to the Spanish monarchy until his death. An alternative avenue for Maximilian Emanuel's ambition was offered by his 12 January 1694, marriage to Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska, the death of whose father, the elected King of Poland John III Sobieski, two years later, offered a potential avenue of influence in Polish
affairs.
However, he concentrated his interests in Western Europe
and making his sons by Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska, Charles Albert and Clemens August
, the principal outlets for his ambitions.
The unsuccessful siege and bombardment of Brussels
in 1695 during the Nine Years' War by French troops and the resulting fire during Max Emanuel's rule were together the most destructive event in the entire history of Brussels
.
In 1699 Maximilian Emanuel's first son Joseph Ferdinand, appointed heir of the Spanish crown, had died.
By the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession
in 1701, he had developed a plan for the Wittelsbachs to supplant the Habsburgs as Holy Roman Emperors. Allying himself with the French
against the Habsburgs, his campaign against Tyrol
in 1703 did not have success and his plans were then frustrated by the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Blenheim
in 1704. In the ensuing evacuation of his court to the Netherlands, Maximilian Emanuel's family became separated and his sons were held prisoners for several years in Austria
, Klemens August being brought up by Jesuits. Bavaria was partitioned between Austria and the elector palatine, the Wittelsbach John William
, leading to bloody uprisings
of the people against the Austrian imperial troops.
Maximilian Emanuel was again forced to flee the Netherlands after the Battle of Ramillies
(23 May 1706) and found refuge at the French court in Versailles
where his late sister Maria Anna Victoria (1660–1690) had been the wife of Le Grand Dauphin. In 1712 Luxembourg
and Namur
were ceded to Maximilian Emaunel by his French allies.
The war was finally ended in 1713 in the Treaty of Utrecht which restored Maximilian Emanuel. Only in 1715 was the family re-united in Munich.
Back in Bavaria, Maximilian Emanuel put much energy on his building projects to balance the failure of his political ambitions. It was bitter for him to witness the royal elevation of the German princes Augustus II the Strong
(1697), Frederick I of Prussia
(1701) and George I of Hanover
(1714) while his own political dreams could not be realized.
Maximilian Emanuel then supported the new wars of the Habsburg against the Turks with Bavarian auxiliary forces (1717).
In 1724 he created a union of all lines of the Wittelsbach
dynasty to increase the influence of his House. The Wittelsbach prince-electors Max Emanuel, his son Clemens August of Cologne, Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine and Franz Ludwig of Trier
had at that time four votes at their disposal for the next imperial election. The crown of the Holy Roman Empire was aspired either for Max Emanuel or his son Charles Albert. Already in 1722 Charles Albert had been married to the Habsburg princess Maria Amalia of Austria
.
Maximilian Emanuel founded in 1726 the Royal Order of Saint George for the Defense of the Immaculate Conception
, a dynastic Order of the Royal House of Bavaria.
Maximilian Emanuel is buried in the crypt of the Theatinerkirche in Munich.
and Flemish paintings for the Wittelsbach collection
.
The first half of Max Emanuel's reign was still dominated by his parent's Italian court artists, like Enrico Zuccalli
and Giovanni Antonio Viscardi
. With the appointment of Joseph Effner
serving as chief architect of the court and the young François de Cuvilliés as his assistant, the French influence significantly increased and Max Emanuel's return in 1715 marked the origin of the era of Bavarian rococo
.
The Nymphenburg Palace
was enlarged, the Dachau Palace
redesigned and the new Schleissheim Palace
was constructed during his reign. These palaces were connected with a network of canals as Max Emanuel became acquainted with in the Netherlands.
The Fürstenried Palace
was built for Max Emanuel as a hunting lodge.
, daughter of Emperor Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
:
Second marriage with Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska of Poland, daughter of John III Sobieski
:
He had an illegitimate child with his mistress French Agnes Françoise Louchier;
Wittelsbach
The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.Members of the family served as Dukes, Electors and Kings of Bavaria , Counts Palatine of the Rhine , Margraves of Brandenburg , Counts of Holland, Hainaut and Zeeland , Elector-Archbishops of Cologne , Dukes of...
ruler of Bavaria
Electorate of Bavaria
The Electorate of Bavaria was an independent hereditary electorate of the Holy Roman Empire from 1623 to 1806, when it was succeeded by the Kingdom of Bavaria....
and an elector (Kurfürst
Prince-elector
The Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Roman king or, from the middle of the 16th century onwards, directly the Holy Roman Emperor.The heir-apparent to a prince-elector was known as an...
) of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
. He was also the last Governor of the Spanish Netherlands and duke of Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
. An able soldier, his ambition led to conflicts that limited his ultimate dynastic achievements.
He was born in Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
to Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria
Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria
Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679.-Biography:He was born in Munich...
and Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
Henriette Adelaide of Savoy , was the wife of the Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria...
(d.1676). His maternal grandparents were Victor Amadeus I of Savoy and Christine Marie of France
Christine Marie of France
Christine of France was the sister of Louis XIII and the Duchess of Savoy by marriage. At the death of her husband Victor Amadeus I in 1637, she acted as regent of Savoy between 1637 and 1648....
. Christine Marie was the second daughter of Henry IV of France
Henry IV of France
Henry IV , Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France....
and his second wife Marie de' Medici
Marie de' Medici
Marie de Médicis , Italian Maria de' Medici, was queen consort of France, as the second wife of King Henry IV of France, of the House of Bourbon. She herself was a member of the wealthy and powerful House of Medici...
.
Wars against the Ottoman Empire and France
Maximilian inherited the elector's mantle while still a minor in 1679 and remained under his uncle Maximilian Philipp HieronymusMaximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Prince of Bavaria
Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Prince of Bavaria was a German nobleman. He was Duke of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg from 1650 until his death and regent of the Princedom of Bavaria from 1679 to 1680 during the minority of his nephew Maximilian II Emanuel.He was the second of two sons born to Maximilian I...
's regency until 1680. By 1683 he was already embarked on a military career, fighting in the defense of Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
against the attempt of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
to extend their possessions further into Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
. He returned to court for long enough to marry Maria Antonia, daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
| style="float:right;" | Leopold I was a Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and King of Bohemia. A member of the Habsburg family, he was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain. His maternal grandparents were Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria...
and Margaret Theresa of Spain
Margaret Theresa of Spain
Margaret Theresa of Spain was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. She was the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and his second wife Mariana of Austria...
, on 15 July 1685 in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
. This marriage was very unhappy since the couple disliked each other, but it was successful in producing a desired heir for both Bavaria and the Spanish monarchy.
Maximilian Emanuel's fame was assured when, in 1688, he led the capture of Belgrade
Siege of Belgrade (1688)
The Siege of Belgrade in 1688 was the fourth siege of that city, taking place during the Great Turkish War.Belgrade was at that time a part of the Ottoman Empire, and had been for 167 years. The Ottoman Empire was at war with the Holy League, the forces of which were led by the elector of Bavaria,...
from the Turks, with the full support of Serbian insurgents under the command of Jovan Monasterlija. In the War of the Grand Alliance
War of the Grand Alliance
The Nine Years' War – often called the War of the Grand Alliance, the War of the Palatine Succession, or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a major war of the late 17th century fought between King Louis XIV of France, and a European-wide coalition, the Grand Alliance, led by the Anglo-Dutch...
he again fought on the Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
s' side, protected the Rhine frontier, and, being the Emperor's son-in-law and the husband of the King of Spain's niece, was appointed governor
Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
The Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands ruled the Habsburg Netherlands as a representative of the Duke of Burgundy .- Habsburg Netherlands :...
of the Spanish Netherlands in late 1691.
Governor of the Spanish Netherlands
His Netherlands adventure catalyzed Maximilian Emanuel's dynastic ambitions. One year after his appointment as governor, Maria Antonia died in ViennaVienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, after having given birth to a son, Joseph Ferdinand, who became the rightful heir to the Spanish monarchy until his death. An alternative avenue for Maximilian Emanuel's ambition was offered by his 12 January 1694, marriage to Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska, the death of whose father, the elected King of Poland John III Sobieski, two years later, offered a potential avenue of influence in Polish
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
affairs.
However, he concentrated his interests in Western Europe
Western Europe
Western Europe is a loose term for the collection of countries in the western most region of the European continents, though this definition is context-dependent and carries cultural and political connotations. One definition describes Western Europe as a geographic entity—the region lying in the...
and making his sons by Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska, Charles Albert and Clemens August
Clemens August of Bavaria
Clemens August of Bavaria was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria and Archbishop-Elector of Cologne.-Biography:...
, the principal outlets for his ambitions.
The unsuccessful siege and bombardment of Brussels
Bombardment of Brussels
The bombardment of Brussels by French troops of King Louis XIV on August 13, 14 and 15, 1695 and the resulting fire were together the most destructive event in the entire history of Brussels. The Grand Place was destroyed, along with a third of the buildings in the city...
in 1695 during the Nine Years' War by French troops and the resulting fire during Max Emanuel's rule were together the most destructive event in the entire history of Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
.
War of the Spanish Succession
By the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was fought among several European powers, including a divided Spain, over the possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under one Bourbon monarch. As France and Spain were among the most powerful states of Europe, such a unification would have...
in 1701, he had developed a plan for the Wittelsbachs to supplant the Habsburgs as Holy Roman Emperors. Allying himself with the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
against the Habsburgs, his campaign against Tyrol
County of Tyrol
The County of Tyrol, Princely County from 1504, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, from 1814 a province of the Austrian Empire and from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary...
in 1703 did not have success and his plans were then frustrated by the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Blenheim
Battle of Blenheim
The Battle of Blenheim , fought on 13 August 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession. Louis XIV of France sought to knock Emperor Leopold out of the war by seizing Vienna, the Habsburg capital, and gain a favourable peace settlement...
in 1704. In the ensuing evacuation of his court to the Netherlands, Maximilian Emanuel's family became separated and his sons were held prisoners for several years in Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, Klemens August being brought up by Jesuits. Bavaria was partitioned between Austria and the elector palatine, the Wittelsbach John William
Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine
Johann Wilhelm II, Elector Palatine was Elector Palatine , Duke Palatine of Neuburg/Danube , Duke of Jülich and Berg , and Duke of Upper Palatinate and Cham...
, leading to bloody uprisings
Bavarian People's Uprising
The Bavarian People's Uprising, or Bavarian Popular Uprising is the name of a revolt in 1705-06 against the Austrian occupation during the War of Spanish Succession . It lasted from early November 1705 to 18 January 1706, approximately 75 days. Henric L...
of the people against the Austrian imperial troops.
Maximilian Emanuel was again forced to flee the Netherlands after the Battle of Ramillies
Battle of Ramillies
The Battle of Ramillies , fought on 23 May 1706, was a major engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession. For the Grand Alliance – Austria, England, and the Dutch Republic – the battle had followed an indecisive campaign against the Bourbon armies of King Louis XIV of France in 1705...
(23 May 1706) and found refuge at the French court in Versailles
Palace of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles , or simply Versailles, is a royal château in Versailles in the Île-de-France region of France. In French it is the Château de Versailles....
where his late sister Maria Anna Victoria (1660–1690) had been the wife of Le Grand Dauphin. In 1712 Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
and Namur
Namur (city)
Namur is a city and municipality in Wallonia, in southern Belgium. It is both the capital of the province of Namur and of Wallonia....
were ceded to Maximilian Emaunel by his French allies.
The war was finally ended in 1713 in the Treaty of Utrecht which restored Maximilian Emanuel. Only in 1715 was the family re-united in Munich.
Final years in Bavaria
Augustus II the Strong
Frederick Augustus I or Augustus II the Strong was Elector of Saxony and King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania ....
(1697), Frederick I of Prussia
Frederick I of Prussia
Frederick I , of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia in personal union . The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia . From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel...
(1701) and George I of Hanover
George I of Great Britain
George I was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698....
(1714) while his own political dreams could not be realized.
Maximilian Emanuel then supported the new wars of the Habsburg against the Turks with Bavarian auxiliary forces (1717).
In 1724 he created a union of all lines of the Wittelsbach
Wittelsbach
The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.Members of the family served as Dukes, Electors and Kings of Bavaria , Counts Palatine of the Rhine , Margraves of Brandenburg , Counts of Holland, Hainaut and Zeeland , Elector-Archbishops of Cologne , Dukes of...
dynasty to increase the influence of his House. The Wittelsbach prince-electors Max Emanuel, his son Clemens August of Cologne, Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine and Franz Ludwig of Trier
Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg
Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg was bishop and archbishop of several dioceses, prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, and Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order....
had at that time four votes at their disposal for the next imperial election. The crown of the Holy Roman Empire was aspired either for Max Emanuel or his son Charles Albert. Already in 1722 Charles Albert had been married to the Habsburg princess Maria Amalia of Austria
Maria Amalia of Austria
Maria Amalia of Austria was the younger daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I and Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg...
.
Maximilian Emanuel founded in 1726 the Royal Order of Saint George for the Defense of the Immaculate Conception
Royal Order of Saint George for the Defense of the Immaculate Conception
The Royal Military Order of Saint George for the Defense of the Faith and the Immaculate Conception was founded by Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria in 1726 to provide for a means of honouring the nobility and recognizing distinguished civil and military service...
, a dynastic Order of the Royal House of Bavaria.
Maximilian Emanuel is buried in the crypt of the Theatinerkirche in Munich.
Cultural legacy
During his entire reign Maximilian II Emanuel patronized the arts. As Governor of the Spanish Netherlands he acquired numerous DutchDutch art
Dutch art describes the history of visual arts in the Netherlands, after the United Provinces separated from Flanders. Earlier painting in the area is covered in Early Netherlandish painting and Renaissance art.-Golden Age:...
and Flemish paintings for the Wittelsbach collection
Alte Pinakothek
The Alte Pinakothek is an art museum situated in the Kunstareal in Munich, Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries in the world and houses one of the most famous collections of Old Master paintings...
.
The first half of Max Emanuel's reign was still dominated by his parent's Italian court artists, like Enrico Zuccalli
Enrico Zuccalli
Enrico Zuccalli, was a Swiss architect who worked for the Wittelsbach regents of Bavaria and Cologne....
and Giovanni Antonio Viscardi
Giovanni Antonio Viscardi
Giovanni Antonio Viscardi was a Swiss architect of the baroque, who worked mostly in Bavaria....
. With the appointment of Joseph Effner
Joseph Effner
Joseph Effner was a German architect and decorator.Effner was born in Dachau as a son of the court gardener Christian Öffner. Effner accompanied the elector of Bavaria Max Emanuel to Bruxelles. In 1706 Effner was retrained by Gabriel Germain Boffrand in Paris. Here he changed his family name to...
serving as chief architect of the court and the young François de Cuvilliés as his assistant, the French influence significantly increased and Max Emanuel's return in 1715 marked the origin of the era of Bavarian rococo
Rococo
Rococo , also referred to as "Late Baroque", is an 18th-century style which developed as Baroque artists gave up their symmetry and became increasingly ornate, florid, and playful...
.
The Nymphenburg Palace
Nymphenburg Palace
The Nymphenburg Palace , i.e. "Nymph's Castle", is a Baroque palace in Munich, Bavaria, southern Germany. The palace was the main summer residence of the rulers of Bavaria.-History:...
was enlarged, the Dachau Palace
Dachau Palace
The Dachau Palace is a former residence of the rulers of Bavaria at Dachau, southern Germany.-History:The castle was constructed around 1100 as a castle by the cadet branch of the House of Wittelsbach. In 1182, the last Count of Dachau, Konrad III, died without issue and Duke Otto I of Bavaria...
redesigned and the new Schleissheim Palace
Schleissheim Palace
The Schleissheim Palace actually comprises three palaces in a grand baroque park in the village of Oberschleißheim near Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The palace was the summer residence of the rulers of Bavaria.-Old Schleissheim Palace:...
was constructed during his reign. These palaces were connected with a network of canals as Max Emanuel became acquainted with in the Netherlands.
The Fürstenried Palace
Fürstenried Palace
Fürstenried Palace is a Baroque palace in the southwest of Munich, Germany.-History:It was built by Joseph Effner for Elector Maximilian Emanuel in 1715–17 as a hunting lodge. Two pavilions are added each in the south and north of the main building....
was built for Max Emanuel as a hunting lodge.
Ancestors
| Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria | Father: Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679.-Biography:He was born in Munich... |
Paternal Grandfather: Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria Maximilian I, Duke/Elector of Bavaria , called "the Great", was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. His reign was marked by the Thirty Years' War .... |
Paternal Great-grandfather: William V, Duke of Bavaria William V, Duke of Bavaria William V, Duke of Bavaria , called the Pious, was Duke of Bavaria from 1579 to 1597.- Education and early life :... |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Renata of Lorraine Renata of Lorraine Renata of Lorraine was the daughter of Francis I, Duke of Lorraine and Christina of Denmark. Her maternal grandparents were Christian II of Denmark and Isabella of Burgundy... |
|||
| Paternal Grandmother: Maria Anna of Austria |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II , a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia , and King of Hungary . His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War.- Life :... |
||
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Maria Anna of Bavaria |
|||
| Mother: Henriette Adelaide of Savoy Henriette Adelaide of Savoy Henriette Adelaide of Savoy , was the wife of the Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria... |
Maternal Grandfather: Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy Victor Amadeus I was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637. He was also titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem. He was also known as the Lion of Susa-Biography:... |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy Charles Emmanuel I , known as the Great, was the Duke of Savoy from 1580 to 1630... |
|
| Maternal Great-grandmother: Catherine Michelle of Spain |
|||
| Maternal Grandmother: Christine Marie of France Christine Marie of France Christine of France was the sister of Louis XIII and the Duchess of Savoy by marriage. At the death of her husband Victor Amadeus I in 1637, she acted as regent of Savoy between 1637 and 1648.... |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Henry IV of France Henry IV of France Henry IV , Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France.... |
||
| Maternal Great-grandmother: Marie de' Medici Marie de' Medici Marie de Médicis , Italian Maria de' Medici, was queen consort of France, as the second wife of King Henry IV of France, of the House of Bourbon. She herself was a member of the wealthy and powerful House of Medici... |
Succession
First marriage with Maria Antonia of AustriaMaria Antonia of Austria
Maria Antonia of Austria was the eldest daughter and only surviving child of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I and his wife Margaret Theresa of Spain...
, daughter of Emperor Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
| style="float:right;" | Leopold I was a Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and King of Bohemia. A member of the Habsburg family, he was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain. His maternal grandparents were Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria...
:
- Leopold Ferdinand (b. and d. 1689)
- Anton (b. and d. 1690)
- Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, Prince of AsturiasJoseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, Prince of AsturiasDuke Joseph Ferdinand Leopold of Bavaria, Prince of Asturias was the son of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria and his first wife, Maria Antonia of Austria, daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, maternal granddaughter of King Felipe IV of Spain.--Youth--Prince Joseph Ferdinand was...
(1692–1699), Crown Prince of Spain
Second marriage with Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska of Poland, daughter of John III Sobieski
John III Sobieski
John III Sobieski was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from 1674 until his death King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Sobieski's 22-year-reign was marked by a period of the Commonwealth's stabilization, much needed after the turmoil of the Deluge and...
:
- Stillborn child (1695)
- Maria Anna Karoline (1696–1750), since 1720 a nun
- Charles AlbertCharles VII, Holy Roman EmperorCharles VII Albert a member of the Wittelsbach family, was Prince-elector of Bavaria from 1726 and Holy Roman Emperor from 24 January 1742 until his death in 1745...
(1697–1745), elector of Bavaria, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, ∞ 1722 Maria Amalia Josepha Anna of AustriaMaria Amalia of AustriaMaria Amalia of Austria was the younger daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I and Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg...
(1701–1756) - Philipp Moritz Maria (1698–1719), elected bishop of Paderborn and Münster
- Ferdinand Maria Innocenz (1699–1738), imperial general
- Clemens AugustClemens August of BavariaClemens August of Bavaria was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria and Archbishop-Elector of Cologne.-Biography:...
(1700–1761), Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Prince Archbishop of Cologne, Bishop of Regensburg, Paderborn, Osnabrück, Hildesheim and Münster - Wilhelm (1701–1704)
- Alois Johann Adolf (1702–1705)
- Johann TheodorJohann Theodor of BavariaJohn Theodore of Bavaria , a son of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria and Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska, and a grandson of King John III Sobieski of Poland...
(1703–1763), Cardinal, Prince bishop of Regensburg, Freising and Liege - Maximilian Emanuel Thomas (1704–1709)
He had an illegitimate child with his mistress French Agnes Françoise Louchier;
- Emmanuel François Joseph, Count of Bavaria (1695–1747) had two children with Maria Josepha Karolina von Hohenfels; also had an affair with Louise Anne de Bourbon, grand daughter of Madame de Montespan.
Literature
- Ludwig Hüttl: Max Emanuel. Der Blaue Kurfürst 1679-1726. Eine politische Biographie. Munich: Süddeutscher Verlag, 1976. ISBN 3-7991-5863-4
- Christian Probst: Lieber bayrisch sterben. Der bayrische Volksaufstand der Jahre 1705 und 1706. Munich: Süddeutscher Verlag, 1978. ISBN 3-7991-5970-3
- Marcus JunkelmannMarcus JunkelmannMarcus Junkelmann is a German historian and experimental archeologist.-Life and work:1971 Junkelmann started to study history at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and in 1979 he received a PhD for a thesis on the military achievements of Maximilian II...
: Kurfürst Max Emanuel von Bayern als Feldherr. Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag, 2000. ISBN 3-89675-731-8