Lothar Kreyssig
Encyclopedia
Lothar Kreyssig was a German judge
during the Nazi era. He was the only German judge who attempted to stop the Action T4
euthanasia program, an intervention that cost him his job. After the Second World War, he was again offered a judgeship, but declined. Later, he became an advocate of German reconciliation and founded the Action Reconciliation Service for Peace
and the German development aid
non-government organization, Action for World Solidarity
.
, the son of a businessman and grain merchant. After elementary school, he attended a gymnasium in Chemnitz
. He set aside his education and enlisted in the army in 1916, during the First World War. Two years of service in the war took him to France
, the Baltics and Serbia
. After the war, between 1919 and 1922, he studied law in Leipzig
, receiving his doctorate in 1923. In 1926, he went to work at the district court
in Chemnitz and two years later, became a judge there.
In 1933, Kreyssig was pressured to join the Nazi party, but refused, citing his need for judicial independence. However, in 1934, he joined the Confessing Church
and in 1935, was elected Praeses
at the synod
of the Confessing Church in Saxony.
He was still able to work in his profession and in 1937, he was transferred to Brandenburg an der Havel to the lower district court. His work as a mental health court
guardianship judge made him responsible for several hundred mentally retarded children and adults. He bought an estate in nearby Havelsee
, where he practiced biodynamic farming
. A preliminary investigation prompted by Kreyssig's church activities was made against him, but no action was taken.
After an increase in the number of death certificates of his wards began to accumulate on his desk, he began to suspect the deaths were connected to the "mercy killing" that had begun. He reported his suspicions in a letter to Minister of Justice Franz Gürtner
, dated July 8, 1940. He pilloried the Nazi's Action T4
euthanasia program. He also addressed the disenfranchisement of prisoners in concentration camps, making all his arguments on firm legal grounds.
Kreyssig then filed a charge against Reichsleiter
Philipp Bouhler
for murder. He filed an injunction against the institutions in which he had housed his wards, prohibiting them from transferring the wards without his consent.
On November 13, 1940, Kreyssig was summoned by the Minister of Justice. Gürtner laid before him Hitler's personal letter that had started the euthanasia program and which constituted the sole legal basis for it. Kreyssig replied, "The Führer's word does not create a right," clearly signifying that he did not recognize this as a legal right. The Minister of Justice then stated that Kreyssig could no longer be a judge. In December 1940, Kreyssig was suspended. Efforts by the Gestapo
to send him to a concentration camp failed. Two years later, in March 1942, Kreyssig was forced by Hitler to retire.
Kreyssig then devoted himself to organic farming and church work. He also hid two Jewish women on his property till the end of the war.
, he lost part of his estate.
Feeling that the rule of law in the Soviet occupation zone was insufficient, Kreyssig decided against resuming his career as a judge. Instead, he accepted an offer from Bishop Otto Dibelius and in 1945, became the consistorial president of the Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony
in Magdeburg
. In 1947, he became Praeses
of the Synod of the church province, an office he held until 1964. In 1952, he briefly headed the church chancellery of the Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church)
and became its Praeses, an office he held until 1970.
Between 1949 and 1961, he was a council member of the Evangelical Church in Germany
and from 1949 to 1958, he was also eastern vice president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag
. Spiritually, he was at home in the Evangelische Michaelsbruderschaft
. Kreyssig's views were controversial. He espoused an ecumensim of Christians, but one that would also include Judaism
. Kreyssig turned against the Wiederbewaffnung
and rejected the division of Germany into two countries.
Kreyssig established church institutions and programs, such as the Protestant Academy of the Church Province of Saxony, and a hotline
. He founded the Aktionsgemeinschaft für die Hungernden, a communal action to combat hunger, which was a precursor of the NGO, Action for World Solidarity
.
His most significant work, however, was the founding of the Action Reconciliation Service for Peace
. Kreyssig called for the founding of this action in 1958, saying that young Germans should go to former enemy countries and to Israel
to ask for forgiveness and show, by volunteering to do good deeds to atone for the bombing and crimes of World War II
, to show signs of atonement, to work toward reconciliation, and for peace.
Today, thousands of Germans have volunteered in numerous countries through this organization. The first projects were in Norway
, the Netherlands
, Great Britain
, France
and Greece
. With the construction of the Berlin Wall
, Kreyssig was cut off from the international activities of his organization. As a result, he gave up running the organization and devoted himself to building a version of the organization in the German Democratic Republic
. One of the first projects of this initiative was to rebuild two destroyed churches in Magdeburg.
In 1971, Kreyssig and his wife moved to West Berlin
. He lived in a nursing home from 1977 in Bergisch Gladbach
till his death in 1986.
The cities of Flöha
, Brandenburg an der Havel, Magdeburg
, Karlsruhe
and Bergisch Gladbach
each have a street named after him. In Flöha, there is a Förderschule and in Lehnin, a senior care center that bear his name. The Lothar Kreyssig Peace Prize has been awarded every two years since 1999 by the Lothar Kreyssig Foundation in Magdeburg.
On the anniversary of his 100th birthday, a memorial plaque was unveiled at the Oberlandesgericht (Superior Regional Court) in Brandenburg an der Havel. The former lower district court site, now the location of the Brandenburg Generalstaatsanwaltschaft (Attorney General), outside, has two memorial stelae and inside, a plaque with an inscription by Kreyssig's biographer, Konrad Weiß. The Brandenburg Association of Jurists donated the plaque on May 5, 2008 to commemorate Kreyssig's Appeal to found the Action for Reconciliation on the 50th anniversary of its introduction.
On October 22, 2006, the Federal Ministry of Justice
held a memorial, sponsored by Minister of Justice Brigitte Zypries
, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Kreyssig's death.
On July 5, 2008 a memorial was unveiled at Hohenferchesar, his residence from 1937 to 1972.
euthanasia program.
Judge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open...
during the Nazi era. He was the only German judge who attempted to stop the Action T4
Action T4
Action T4 was the name used after World War II for Nazi Germany's eugenics-based "euthanasia" program during which physicians killed thousands of people who were "judged incurably sick, by critical medical examination"...
euthanasia program, an intervention that cost him his job. After the Second World War, he was again offered a judgeship, but declined. Later, he became an advocate of German reconciliation and founded the Action Reconciliation Service for Peace
Action Reconciliation Service for Peace (ARSP)
The Action Reconciliation Service for Peace is a German peace organization founded to confront the legacy of Nazism.The Action Reconciliation Service for Peace was founded in 1958 by the synod of the Evangelical Church in Germany, driven by the efforts of Lothar Kreyssig...
and the German development aid
Development aid
Development aid or development cooperation is aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social and political development of developing countries.It is distinguished...
non-government organization, Action for World Solidarity
Action for World Solidarity (organization)
The Action for World Solidarity organization is a German political development non-government organization sponsoring projects in India, Africa and Brazil...
.
Early years
Dr. Kreyssig was born in Flöha, SaxonySaxony
The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
, the son of a businessman and grain merchant. After elementary school, he attended a gymnasium in Chemnitz
Chemnitz
Chemnitz is the third-largest city of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. Chemnitz is an independent city which is not part of any county and seat of the government region Direktionsbezirk Chemnitz. Located in the northern foothills of the Ore Mountains, it is a part of the Saxon triangle...
. He set aside his education and enlisted in the army in 1916, during the First World War. Two years of service in the war took him to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, the Baltics and Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
. After the war, between 1919 and 1922, he studied law in Leipzig
Leipzig
Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...
, receiving his doctorate in 1923. In 1926, he went to work at the district court
District court
District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. These include:-Australia:District Court is the name given to the intermediate court in most Australian States. They hear indictable criminal offences excluding treason, murder and, in some States, manslaughter...
in Chemnitz and two years later, became a judge there.
In 1933, Kreyssig was pressured to join the Nazi party, but refused, citing his need for judicial independence. However, in 1934, he joined the Confessing Church
Confessing Church
The Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
and in 1935, was elected Praeses
Praeses
Praeses , is a Latin word meaning "Seated in front of, i.e. at the head ", has both ancient and modern uses.-Roman imperial use:...
at the synod
Synod
A synod historically is a council of a church, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. In modern usage, the word often refers to the governing body of a particular church, whether its members are meeting or not...
of the Confessing Church in Saxony.
He was still able to work in his profession and in 1937, he was transferred to Brandenburg an der Havel to the lower district court. His work as a mental health court
Mental health courts
Mental health courts link offenders who would ordinarily be prison-bound to long-term community-based treatment. They rely on mental health assessments, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing judicial monitoring to address both the mental health needs of offenders and public safety concerns of...
guardianship judge made him responsible for several hundred mentally retarded children and adults. He bought an estate in nearby Havelsee
Havelsee
Havelsee is a town in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Havel, 12 km northwest of Brandenburg.The Pritzerbe Ferry, a vehicular cable ferry, crosses the Havel between Havelsee and Kützkow.-References:...
, where he practiced biodynamic farming
Biodynamic agriculture
Biodynamic agriculture is a method of organic farming that emphasizes the holistic development and interrelationships of the soil, plants and animals as a self-sustaining system. Biodynamic farming has much in common with other organic approaches, such as emphasizing the use of manures and composts...
. A preliminary investigation prompted by Kreyssig's church activities was made against him, but no action was taken.
After an increase in the number of death certificates of his wards began to accumulate on his desk, he began to suspect the deaths were connected to the "mercy killing" that had begun. He reported his suspicions in a letter to Minister of Justice Franz Gürtner
Franz Gürtner
Franz Gürtner was a German Minister of Justice in Adolf Hitler's cabinet, responsible for coordinating jurisprudence in the Third Reich. Detesting the cruel ways of the Gestapo and SA in dealing with prisoners of war, he protested unsuccessfully to Hitler, nevertheless staying on in the cabinet,...
, dated July 8, 1940. He pilloried the Nazi's Action T4
Action T4
Action T4 was the name used after World War II for Nazi Germany's eugenics-based "euthanasia" program during which physicians killed thousands of people who were "judged incurably sick, by critical medical examination"...
euthanasia program. He also addressed the disenfranchisement of prisoners in concentration camps, making all his arguments on firm legal grounds.
Kreyssig then filed a charge against Reichsleiter
Reichsleiter
Reichsleiter , was the second highest political rank of the NSDAP next only to the office of Führer. Reichsleiter also served as a paramilitary rank, for the Nazi Party and was the highest position attainable in any Nazi-Organisation.The Reichsleiter reported directly to Adolf Hitler, in whose...
Philipp Bouhler
Philipp Bouhler
Philipp Bouhler was a senior Nazi Party official who was both a Reichsleiter and Chief of the Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDAP...
for murder. He filed an injunction against the institutions in which he had housed his wards, prohibiting them from transferring the wards without his consent.
On November 13, 1940, Kreyssig was summoned by the Minister of Justice. Gürtner laid before him Hitler's personal letter that had started the euthanasia program and which constituted the sole legal basis for it. Kreyssig replied, "The Führer's word does not create a right," clearly signifying that he did not recognize this as a legal right. The Minister of Justice then stated that Kreyssig could no longer be a judge. In December 1940, Kreyssig was suspended. Efforts by the Gestapo
Gestapo
The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...
to send him to a concentration camp failed. Two years later, in March 1942, Kreyssig was forced by Hitler to retire.
Kreyssig then devoted himself to organic farming and church work. He also hid two Jewish women on his property till the end of the war.
After 1945
After the end of National Socialism, Kreyssig came to be appreciated as a Widerstandskämpfer. However, in the Soviet occupation zone after the war, as an alleged Prussian JunkerJunker
A Junker was a member of the landed nobility of Prussia and eastern Germany. These families were mostly part of the German Uradel and carried on the colonization and Christianization of the northeastern European territories during the medieval Ostsiedlung. The abbreviation of Junker is Jkr...
, he lost part of his estate.
Feeling that the rule of law in the Soviet occupation zone was insufficient, Kreyssig decided against resuming his career as a judge. Instead, he accepted an offer from Bishop Otto Dibelius and in 1945, became the consistorial president of the Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony
Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony
The Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony was the most important Protestant denomination in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. As a united Protestant church, it combined both Lutheran and Reformed traditions...
in Magdeburg
Magdeburg
Magdeburg , is the largest city and the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe....
. In 1947, he became Praeses
Praeses
Praeses , is a Latin word meaning "Seated in front of, i.e. at the head ", has both ancient and modern uses.-Roman imperial use:...
of the Synod of the church province, an office he held until 1964. In 1952, he briefly headed the church chancellery of the Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church)
Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church)
The Prussian Union was the merger of the Lutheran Church and the Reformed Church in Prussia, by a series of decrees – among them the Unionsurkunde – by King Frederick William III...
and became its Praeses, an office he held until 1970.
Between 1949 and 1961, he was a council member of the Evangelical Church in Germany
Evangelical Church in Germany
The Evangelical Church in Germany is a federation of 22 Lutheran, Unified and Reformed Protestant regional church bodies in Germany. The EKD is not a church in a theological understanding because of the denominational differences. However, the member churches share full pulpit and altar...
and from 1949 to 1958, he was also eastern vice president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag
Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag
The Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag is a movement of lay members of the Evangelical Church in Germany...
. Spiritually, he was at home in the Evangelische Michaelsbruderschaft
Evangelische Michaelsbruderschaft
The Evangelische Michaelsbruderschaft is a German religious Brotherhood belonging to Berneuchen Movement as a part of Lutheran Liturgical Movement....
. Kreyssig's views were controversial. He espoused an ecumensim of Christians, but one that would also include Judaism
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
. Kreyssig turned against the Wiederbewaffnung
Wiederbewaffnung
Wiederbewaffnung refers to the United States of America plan to help build up West Germany after World War II. They could not function outside an alliance framework . These events lead to the establishment of the Bundeswehr, the West German army, in 1955.Heinz Guderian stated that the fight was...
and rejected the division of Germany into two countries.
Kreyssig established church institutions and programs, such as the Protestant Academy of the Church Province of Saxony, and a hotline
Hotline
In telecommunication, a hotline is a point-to-point communications link in which a call is automatically directed to the preselected destination without any additional action by the user when the end instrument goes off-hook...
. He founded the Aktionsgemeinschaft für die Hungernden, a communal action to combat hunger, which was a precursor of the NGO, Action for World Solidarity
Action for World Solidarity (organization)
The Action for World Solidarity organization is a German political development non-government organization sponsoring projects in India, Africa and Brazil...
.
His most significant work, however, was the founding of the Action Reconciliation Service for Peace
Action Reconciliation Service for Peace (ARSP)
The Action Reconciliation Service for Peace is a German peace organization founded to confront the legacy of Nazism.The Action Reconciliation Service for Peace was founded in 1958 by the synod of the Evangelical Church in Germany, driven by the efforts of Lothar Kreyssig...
. Kreyssig called for the founding of this action in 1958, saying that young Germans should go to former enemy countries and to Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
to ask for forgiveness and show, by volunteering to do good deeds to atone for the bombing and crimes of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, to show signs of atonement, to work toward reconciliation, and for peace.
Today, thousands of Germans have volunteered in numerous countries through this organization. The first projects were in Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
and Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
. With the construction of the Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin...
, Kreyssig was cut off from the international activities of his organization. As a result, he gave up running the organization and devoted himself to building a version of the organization in the German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic
The German Democratic Republic , informally called East Germany by West Germany and other countries, was a socialist state established in 1949 in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city...
. One of the first projects of this initiative was to rebuild two destroyed churches in Magdeburg.
In 1971, Kreyssig and his wife moved to West Berlin
West Berlin
West Berlin was a political exclave that existed between 1949 and 1990. It comprised the western regions of Berlin, which were bordered by East Berlin and parts of East Germany. West Berlin consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors, which had been established in 1945...
. He lived in a nursing home from 1977 in Bergisch Gladbach
Bergisch Gladbach
' is a city in the Cologne/Bonn Region of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and capital of the Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis .-Geography:Bergisch Gladbach is located east of the river Rhine, approx...
till his death in 1986.
Legacy and Memorials
To this day, Kreyssig is known as the only judge who tried to stop the systematic murders conducted under the Nazi's T4 program.The cities of Flöha
Flöha
Flöha is a town in the district of Mittelsachsen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. Flöha is situated on the confluence of the rivers Zschopau and Flöha, east of Chemnitz.-History:...
, Brandenburg an der Havel, Magdeburg
Magdeburg
Magdeburg , is the largest city and the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe....
, Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe
The City of Karlsruhe is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border.Karlsruhe was founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, when Germany was a series of principalities and city states...
and Bergisch Gladbach
Bergisch Gladbach
' is a city in the Cologne/Bonn Region of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and capital of the Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis .-Geography:Bergisch Gladbach is located east of the river Rhine, approx...
each have a street named after him. In Flöha, there is a Förderschule and in Lehnin, a senior care center that bear his name. The Lothar Kreyssig Peace Prize has been awarded every two years since 1999 by the Lothar Kreyssig Foundation in Magdeburg.
On the anniversary of his 100th birthday, a memorial plaque was unveiled at the Oberlandesgericht (Superior Regional Court) in Brandenburg an der Havel. The former lower district court site, now the location of the Brandenburg Generalstaatsanwaltschaft (Attorney General), outside, has two memorial stelae and inside, a plaque with an inscription by Kreyssig's biographer, Konrad Weiß. The Brandenburg Association of Jurists donated the plaque on May 5, 2008 to commemorate Kreyssig's Appeal to found the Action for Reconciliation on the 50th anniversary of its introduction.
On October 22, 2006, the Federal Ministry of Justice
Federal Ministry of Justice (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of Justice is a federal ministry in Germany.Under the federal system of Germany, individual states are most responsible for the administration of justice and the application of penalties. The Federal Ministry of Justice devotes itself to creating and changing law in the...
held a memorial, sponsored by Minister of Justice Brigitte Zypries
Brigitte Zypries
Brigitte Zypries is a German politician. She was Federal Minister of Justice of Germany from 2002 to 2009. She is member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .- Career :...
, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Kreyssig's death.
On July 5, 2008 a memorial was unveiled at Hohenferchesar, his residence from 1937 to 1972.
Publications
- Gerechtigkeit für David. Gottes Gericht und Gnade über dem Ahnen Jesu Christi. Nach dem 2. Buch Samuelis, 1949
- Appeal to found the Action for Reconciliation Action for Reconciliation Service for Peace, official website. Berlin 1958. Retrieved March 13, 2010
See also
Brandenburg an der Havel for its relationship to the Nazi's Action T4Action T4
Action T4 was the name used after World War II for Nazi Germany's eugenics-based "euthanasia" program during which physicians killed thousands of people who were "judged incurably sick, by critical medical examination"...
euthanasia program.
Sources
- Konrad Weiß, Lothar Kreyssig. Prophet der Versöhnung Bleicher Verlag, Gerlingen (1998) ISBN 3-88350-659-1
- Susanne Willems, Lothar Kreyssig - Vom eigenen verantwortlichen Handeln, Aktion Sühnezeichen/Friedensdienste, Berlin, (1995) ISBN 3-89246-032-9
- Susanne Willems, in: Verfolgung, Alltag, Widerstand - Brandenburg in der NS-Zeit, Verlag Volk & Welt Berlin (1993) pp. 383–410, ISBN 3-353-00991-4
- "Unrecht beim Namen genannt." Memorial for Lothar Kreyssig on October 30, 1998, published by the Brandenburg Oberlandesgericht, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, (1998) ISBN 3-7890-5878-5
- Martin Kramer, Magdeburger Biographisches Lexikon, Scriptum Verlag Magdeburg (2002) ISBN 3-933046-49-1
- Karl-Klaus Rabe, Umkehr in die Zukunft - Die Arbeit der Aktion Sühnezeichen/Friedensdienste, Lamuv Verlag, Göttingen (1983) ISBN 3-921521-90-4
- Helmut Kramer, Lothar Kreyssig (1898 bis 1986), Richter und Christ im Widerstand in: Redaktion Kritische Justiz (Hg.): Streitbare Juristen. Nomos, Baden-Baden (1989) pp. 342–354, ISBN 3-7890-1580-6
- Wolf Kahl, Lothar Kreyssig - Amtsrichter im Widerstand und Prophet der Versöhnung, Deutsche Richterzeitung 2008, pp. 299–302
- Anke Silomon, Widerstand von Protestanten im NS und in der DDR, Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 14/2009 (March 30, 2009) pp. 33 – 38
External links
- Action for World Solidarity Official website. Retrieved March 11, 2010
- Lothar Kreyssig in the German National Library catalogue Retrieved March 11, 2010
- Dr.-Lothar-Kreyssig-Schule Flöha Official website of the Dr. Lothar Kreyssig School in Flöha. Retrieved March 15, 2010